Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
  • A61K9/2086—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
  • A61K9/209—Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat containing drug in at least two layers or in the core and in at least one outer layer
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/513—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. cytosine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
  • A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV

Definitions

• Rilpivirine HC1 (RPV)
• NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
• Emtricitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor having the following formula II:
• Emtricitabine is present as an active ingredient in EMTRTVA® (emtricitabine) capsules, TRUVADA® (emtricitabine and tenofovir DF) tablets, and ATRIPLA® (efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir DF) tablets, which are marketed for the treatment of HIV infection.
• EMTRTVA® emtricitabine
• TRUVADA® emtricitabine and tenofovir DF
• ATRIPLA® efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir DF
• Tenofovir DF is also present as an active ingredient in VIREAD® (tenofovir DF) tablets, TRUVADA® (emtricitabine and tenofovir DF) tablets, and ATRIPLA® (efavirenz,
• TMC278-TiDP6-C209 A Clinical Trial in Treatment Naive HIV-1 Patients Comparing TMC278 to Efavirenz in
• a fixed-dose combination product containing rilpivirine HCl, emtricitabine, and tenofovir DF in a solid oral dosage form would be desirable. Such a fixed-dose combination would provide patient dosing convenience for once daily administration. Clinical studies have demonstrated high levels of compliance and treatment satisfaction, with simple once-daily highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART), resulting in durable suppression of HIV-1 RNA.
• HAART highly active antiretroviral therapies
• the fixed-dose combination product containing rilpivirine HCl, emtricitabine, and tenofovir DF.
• the fixed-dose combination product will provide suitable chemical stability for the active ingredients and will be of an acceptable size as a unit dose form. Additionally, it would be beneficial for the fixed-dose form to produce human plasma concentrations of each of the three agents that are equivalent to the plasma
• emtricitabine and tenofovir DF that provides suitable chemical stability for the active ingredients as well as plasma concentrations of the three agents that are equivalent to the plasma concentrations produced by the administration of Emtriva (emtricitibine 200 mg) capsules, Viread (tenofovir DF 300 mg) tablets, and a third tablet containing rilpivirine HC1 that is currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
• Emtriva emtricitibine 200 mg
• Viread tenofovir DF 300 mg
• a third tablet containing rilpivirine HC1 that is currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
• the single multilayer formulations identified by Applicant provide a similar drug exposure, as measured by the plasma
• AUC concentration area under the curve
• the invention provides a tablet comprising a first layer and a second layer wherein; a) the first layer comprises rilpivirine HC1; b) the second layer comprises tenofovir DF; and c) the tablet further comprises emtricitabine.
• the invention provides a method for treating ⁇ infection in a human comprising administering to the human a tablet of the invention, wherein rilpivirine AUC achieved following administration to the human when fed is no more than about 25% greater than rilpivirine AUC achieved when administered to the human when fasted.
• the invention provides a method for treating ⁇ infection in a human comprising administering to the human a tablet of the invention, wherein rilpivirine Cmax achieved following administration to the human when fed is no more than about 25% greater than rilpivirine Cmax achieved when administered to the human when fasted.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention for use in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of an HIV infection, wherein rilpivirine AUC achieved following administration to the human when fed is no more than about 25% greater than rilpivirine AUC achieved when administered to the human when fasted.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention for use in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of an HIV infection, wherein rilpivirine C max achieved following administration to the human when fed is no more than about 25% greater than rilpivirine C max achieved when administered to the human when fasted.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention for use in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of an HIV infection.
• the invention provides the use of a tablet as described in any one of claims 1-32 for preparing a medicament for treating HIV infection in a human.
• the invention also provides processes described herein for preparing tablets of the invention as well as novel intermediate mixtures that are useful for preparing tablets of the invention.
• the tablets of the invention represent an advance in the development of multi-drug therapy for the treatment of viral infections such as HIV.
• FIG. 1. Illustrates a tablet of the invention.
• FIG. 2. Illustrates a tablet of the invention.
• FIG. 3. Illustrates a tablet of the invention.
• FIG. 4. Is a flow diagram that illustrates the preparation of a representative tablet of the invention that is described in Example 1.
• FIG. 5. Is a flow diagram that illustrates the preparation of a representative tablet of the invention that is described in Example 2.
• FIG. 6. Is a flow diagram that illustrates the preparation of a representative tablet of the invention that is described in Example 3.
• FIG. 7. Illustrates the percent total TDF degradation over time measured in Comparative Example 1.
• FIG. 8. Illustrates the percent total TDF degradation over time measured in Comparative Example 4.
• FIG. 9. Illustrates the percent RPV dissolved as measured in Example 5.
• administration to a human when "fed” means administering a tablet of the invention to a human within 5 minutes of the human consuming a standardized meal of about 300 to 600 calories and about 10 to about 15 grams of fat.
• administration to a human when "fasted” includes administering a tablet of the invention to a human who has not consumed food in the time period from about 8 hours prior to administration of the tablet to about 4 hours after administration of the tablet.
• a tablet of the invention comprises a layer that is "substantially free” of a given component it means that less than 5% of the total weight of the given component present in the tablet is found in that layer. In one embodiment of the invention when a tablet of the invention comprises a layer that is "substantially free” of a given component it means that less than 1% of the total weight of the given component present in the tablet is found in that layer.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the second layer comprises the emtricitabine.
• the invention provides a tablet which comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine HC1.
• the invention provides a tablet which comprises 200 ⁇ 10.0 mg of emtricitabine.
• the invention provides a tablet which comprises 300 ⁇ 15.0 mg of tenofovir DF.
• the first layer further comprises one or more diluents, disintegrants, binders, or lubricants.
• the total weight of the first layer in the tablet of the invention is 275 ⁇ 75 mg.
• the total weight of the first layer in the tablet is greater than 225 mg.
• the total weight of the first layer in the tablet of the invention is 275 ⁇ 50 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer comprises lactose monohydrate, povidone, croscarmellose sodium, polysorbate 20,
• microcrystalline cellulose and magnesium stearate.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer comprises a basifying agent.
• the basifying agent is selected from croscarmellose sodium, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, aluminum oxide, alkali metal hydroxides (e.g. such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide), alkaline earth metal hydroxides (e.g.
• magnesium hydroxide calcium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide), aluminum hydroxide, dihydroaluminum, sodium carbonate, aluminum magnesium hydroxide sulfate, aluminum hydroxide magnesium carbonate, ammonium hydroxides, magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, piperazine, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium maleate, and sodium succinate and mixtures thereof.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer comprises croscarmellose sodium, and polysorbate 20.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer comprises lactose monohydrate, povidone, croscarmellose sodium, polysorbate 20,
• microcrystalline cellulose and magnesium stearate.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the second layer comprises microcrystalline cellulose and croscarmellose sodium.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the second layer comprises lactose monohydrate, pre-gelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer is in contact with the second layer.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention that further comprises a third layer that is between and that separates the first layer and the second layer.
• the third layer comprises lactose monohydrate, or microcrystalline cellulose, or a mixture thereof.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer is a film coating that covers the second layer.
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer is a polymeric film coating that completely covers the second layer. In one embodiment the invention provides a tablet that further comprises a film coating. In one embodiment the film coating comprises 34 ⁇ 12 mg of Opadry II Purple 33G100000.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein at least about 5.4 weight percent of the first layer is croscarmellose sodium and at least about 63.3 weight percent of the first layer is lactose monohydrate.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein less than about 12.2 weight percent of the first layer is rilpivirine hydrochloride.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein less than about 12 weight percent of the first layer is rilpivirine hydrochloride.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 230 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 240 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 250 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 260 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 270 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 280 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 290 mg. In one embodiment the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 300 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 230 mg and is less than about 325 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 300 mg and is less than about 325 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine hydrochloride and wherein the total weight of the first layer is at least about 290 mg and is less than about 310 mg.
• the invention provides a tablet prepared as described herein.
• Croscarmellose Sodium 16.1 ⁇ 0.8 and the second layer comprises:
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer comprises: Layer Total Tablet Unit Formula for Tablets
• Magnesium Stearate 1.0 0.3 3.0 and the second layer comprises:
• a second layer that comprises: Layer Total Tablet Unit Formula for Tablets
• the invention provides a tablet comprising ⁇ i first layer that consists of:
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer is a film coating that covers the second layer and wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine HC1; and the second layer comprises:
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer is a film coating that covers the second layer and wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine HC1; and the second layer consists of:
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer comprises: Unit Formula for Tablets
• Magnesium Stearate 0.3 3.0 and the second layer comprises:
• Magnesium Stearate 0.3 3.0 second layer that comprises: Unit Formula for Tablets
• Magnesium Stearate 0.3 3.0 a second layer that consists of:
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer is a film coating that covers the second layer and wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine HC1; and the second layer comprises:
• the invention provides a tablet of the invention wherein the first layer is a film coating that covers the second layer and wherein the first layer comprises 27.5 ⁇ 1.4 mg of rilpivirine HC1; and the second layer consists of:
• the tablets of the invention may include one or more acceptable carriers.
• the carrier(s) should be "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and physiologically innocuous to the recipient thereof.
• the term carrier includes excipients, glidants, fillers, binders, lubricant, diluents, preservatives, surface active agents, dispersing agents and the like. For example, see the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (APhA Publications, Washington, DC), which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• the term carrier also includes agents such as sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents. Furthermore, these terms include the values mentioned herein as well as values in accord with ordinary practice.
• the tablets of the invention can also comprise a film coating that covers a portion or all of the tablet.
• Film coatings are known in the art and can be composed of hydrophilic polymer materials, but are not limited to, polysaccharide materials, such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), poly(vinylalcohol-co-ethylene glycol) and other water soluble polymers.
• HPMC hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose
• HEC hydroxyethyl cellulose
• HPC hydroxypropyl cellulose
• poly(vinylalcohol-co-ethylene glycol) poly(vinylalcohol-co-ethylene glycol) and other water soluble polymers.
• the water soluble material included in the film coating of the present invention may include a single polymer material, it may also be formed using a mixture of more than one polymer.
• the film coating comprises Opadry II Purple 33G100000,
• the tablets of the invention may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Techniques and formulations generally are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA), which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient(s) with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
• a tablet can be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
• Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, surface active agent or dispersing agent.
• Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered active ingredient moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
• the tablets may optionally be coated, for example with a polymeric film coating that can optionally comprise a compound of formula I.
• Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a tablet (101) of the invention.
• the tablet includes a first layer (103) that comprises rilpivirine HCl.
• the tablet also includes a second layer (105) that comprises tenofovir DF.
• the first and second layer can each also further comprise
• FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a tablet (101) of the invention.
• the tablet includes a first layer (103) that comprises rilpivirine HCl.
• the tablet also includes a second layer (105) that comprises tenofovir DF and a third layer (107) that is inert.
• the first and second layer can each also further comprise emtricitabine.
• Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a tablet (101) of the invention.
• the tablet includes a first layer (109) that comprises rilpivirine HCl and a second layer (105) that comprises tenofovir DF and emtricitabine, wherein the first layer (109) is a coating that covers the second layer (105).
• a single co-wet granulation process was used to formulate FTC, RPV, and TDF, based on the formulation composition of TRUVADA ® (emtricitibine 200 mg / tenofovir DF 300 mg) and the RPV Phase 3 clinical formulation. Because a co-wet granulation process has the benefit of ease of manufacturing it is frequently the first-choice approach to develop FDC products.
• the low dose of RPV and the use of excipients common in VIREAD® (tenofovir DF), TRUVADA ® (emtricitibine 200 mg / tenofovir DF 300 mg), and EMTRTVA® (emtricitibine) made
• compositions and processing parameters of the co-wet granulation formulations evaluated are summarized in Table CE1.1 and CE1.2, respectively.
• Wet granulation was carried out in the presence and absence of non-ionic surfactants (poloxamer 188 and polysorbate 20).
• the uncoated tablets were packaged with 3 g of silica gel desiccant and stored in 50°C and 40°C/75% RH stability chambers to stress the tablet samples and accelerate the degradation rate to give an indication of longer term stability of the tablets under ambient conditions (25°C/60% RH).
• Preformulation studies have shown that TDF undergoes hydrolysis in an aqueous solution and to a smaller degree in the solid state after exposure to humidity and heat.
• the degradation products are mono-POC PMPA, isopropanol, carbon dioxide, and
• Example 6 representative tablets of the invention overcome the problem of reduced TDF stability present in the co-wet formulation above.
• Formulation 1 was manufactured by blending FTC, RPV, and TDF together with excipients then dry granulating them together using a dry granulation process, which employs a roller compactor and mill. The granules were blended with extragranular excipients and compressed into tablet cores, which were then film-coated.
• the composition parameters for the co-dry granulation formulation (Formulation 1) are summarized in Table CE2.1
• Formulation 2 was prepared using two separate granulation processes in which rilpivirine HC1 was wet granulated by a fluid-bed granulation process and emtricitabine and tenofovir DF were co-granulated in a high shear wet granulation process.
• This formulation was designed to use the intragranular rilpivirine HC1 formulation and fluid-bed granulation process used to prepare the RPV tablet that is now being evaluated in Phase 3 clinical trials.
• the emtricitabine/tenofovir DF powder blend was produced using the process and the intragranular composition used in the manufacture of TRUVADA ® (emtricitibine 200 mg / tenofovir DF 300 mg). The two granulations were then blended together with lubricant, compressed into a single layer tablet, and then film-coated.
• the composition parameters of Formulation 2 are
• Formulation 1 and by Formulation 2 is not equivalent to the plasma concentration of rilpivirine produced in the current clinical trials.
• a representative tablet of the invention did demonstrate the beneficial property of providing a plasma concentration of rilpivirine that is equivalent to the plasma level produced in the current clinical trials (See Example 5 below).
• Formulations 1 and 2 were bioequivalent to the commercial formulations of EMTRTVA® (Emtracitabine) and VIREAD® (tenofovir DF), respectively.
• EMTRTVA® Emtracitabine
• VIREAD® tenofovir DF
• AUCinf 4005 (23%) 3021 (32%) 135 (129, 142)
• the manufacturing procedure can be broken down into multiple segments: fluid-bed granulation and drying of rilpivirine HC1, high shear wet granulation of emtricitabine and tenofovir DF, milling and blending of each granulation, bilayer tableting, film-coating of the bulk tablets, and packaging.
• the stepwise procedure is detailed below.
• the in-process product may be granulated and dried in multiple portions, which are then combined prior to the final milling and blending steps.
• a representative tablet of the invention can be prepared as follows.
• microcrystalline cellulose and croscarmellose sodium and blend in a blender.
• the manufacturing can be broken down into multiple segments: fluid-bed granulation and drying of rilpivirine HCl, high shear wet granulation of emtricitabine and tenofovir DF, milling and blending of each granulation, trilayer tableting, film- coating of the bulk tablets, and packaging.
• the stepwise procedure is detailed below.
• the in-process product may be granulated and dried in multiple portions, which are then combined prior to the final milling and blending steps.
• a representative tablet of the invention can be prepared as follows.
• microcrystalline cellulose and croscarmellose sodium and blend in a blender.
• the in-process product may be granulated and dried in multiple portions, which are then combined prior to the final milling and blending steps.
• a representative tablet of the invention can be prepared as follows.
• Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF Weigh emtricitabine, tenofovir DF, and excipients (pregelatinized starch, croscarmellose sodium, lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, and magnesium stearate). Correct the weight of tenofovir DF and emtricitabine based on the drug content factor and correspondingly adjust the weight of lactose monohydrate.
• Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF Blend Transfer the dried granules and the extragranular excipient (croscarmellose sodium) through a mill for particle size reduction. ) Blend the mixture. ) Add magnesium stearate to the mixture and blend. Tableting ) Compress the emtricitabine/tenofovir DF final powder blend to target weight and hardness on a single layer tablet press
• RPV Film-Coating 0 Prepare a solution or suspension of RPV in an organic solvent or aqueous media.
• solution or suspension can contain additional excipients such as povidione, polyethylene glycol, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, and/or a wetting agent to aid in the adhesion of the film-coat to the tablet surface.
• additional excipients such as povidione, polyethylene glycol, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, and/or a wetting agent to aid in the adhesion of the film-coat to the tablet surface.
• Example 4 Preparation of Representative Tablets of the Invention
• Bilayer formulations were investigated where one layer contained rilpivirine HCl (hereafter designated as the rilpivirine layer) and the other layer contained emtricitabine and tenofovir DF. This approach was employed to minimize any potential physicochemical interactions between rilpivirine HCl and emtricitabine and tenofovir DF.
• the bilayer formulation approach involved two separate granulation processes in which rilpivirine HCl was wet granulated using a fluid-bed granulation process and emtricitabine and tenofovir DF were co- granulated using a high shear wet granulation process.
• Formulations 3 and 4 The two granulations were physically separated by compressing the two blends into a bilayer tablet (Formulations 3 and 4).
• the quantitative compositions for Formulations 3 and 4 are listed in Table 4.1 and Table 4.2 respectively. While Formulations 3 and 4 utilized the same manufacturing process, the formulation composition of the rilpivirine HCl granulation in each of the formulations differed in the relative proportion of the excipients used.
• Formulations 3 and 4 were designed to minimize the formulation and manufacturing process differences between the fixed-dose combination tablets and the formulation currently in clinical trials by using the existing intragranular RPV formulation and fluid-bed granulation process.
• the rilpivirine HC1 was separated from emtricitabine and tenofovir DF. This was accomplished through a bilayer compression process to produce the tablets.
• emtricitabine/tenofovir DF powder blend was produced by the same manufacturing process and using the same intragranular composition for TRUVADA ® (emtricitibine 200 mg / tenofovir DF 300 mg).
• TRUVADA ® emtricitibine 200 mg / tenofovir DF 300 mg.
• the weight disparity between rilpivirine and emtricitabine/tenofovir DF layers required dilution of the rilpivirine HC1 granulation to ensure a robust tablet manufacturing process.
• the layer weights in Formulations 3 and 4 were accommodated by adjusting the concentrations of the excipients in the rilpivirine layer with microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate.
• Formulation 3 was found to produce human plasma concentrations of each of the three agents that were equivalent to the plasma concentrations produced by the administration of the individual agents.
• Formulation 4 from Example 4 did not produce human plasma concentrations of each of the three agents that were equivalent to the plasma concentrations produced by the administration of the individual agents.
• Formulation 3 and Formulation 4 differ in the weight of extragranular excipients and in the amount of croscarmellose sodium present.
• the bioequivalent formulation (Formulation 3) has significantly higher (38%) amounts of extragranular excipients (microcrystalline cellulose and lactose monohydrate) and croscarmellose sodium in the rilpivirine layer than Formulation 4.
• Laboratory data showed that the intrinsic dissolution rate of rilpivirine was increased in the presence of emtricitabine and/or tenofovir DF suggesting an increased solubility could contribute to a higher rilpivirine bioavailability when co-formulated with emtricitabine and tenofovir DF.
• croscarmellose sodium a superdisintegrant
• concentration of croscarmellose sodium, a basifying excipient, in the rilpivirine layer also had an unexpected effect on the rilpivirine dissolution rate.
• concentrations of this superdisintegrant unexpectedly decreased the dissolution rate as shown in Figure 9. This is possibly due to the basifying nature of this excipient.
• Formulation 3 was evaluated in a comparative bioavailability study to assess the effect of food on the exposure of rilpivirine HC1 when dosed in the reference group as three individual tablets containing emtricitabine, rilpivirine HC1, and tenofovir DF.
• the "fed” state or “fed conditions” refers to administering the study drugs within 5 minutes of completing a standardized meal (breakfast). Subjects were restricted from food consumption for approximately 4 hours after dosing. A meal (standardized lunch) was provided to subjects after the 4-hour postdose blood draw. All meals and/or snacks were standardized for all subjects and were to be similar in calorie and fat content and taken at approximately the same time each day. The standardized breakfast on dosing days contained approximately 400 calories (kcal) and approximately 13 g of fat.
• the “fasted” state refers to administering the study drugs in the absence of food. Subjects were fasted overnight, administered the study drugs, and then restricted from food consumption for approximately 4 hours after dosing. A meal (standardized lunch) was provided to subjects after the 4-hour postdose blood draw.
• Formulation 3 under the fasted state are identical to the Reference group under fed conditions.
• the Reference group under the fasted state shows a 26% reduction in the AUC values as compared to the fed conditions.

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• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

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• 2011
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• 2013
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• 2014
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• 2015
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• 2016
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• 2018
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• 2019
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• 2020
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