WO2012017824A1 - リチウム二次電池およびその制御システム、ならびにリチウム二次電池の状態検出方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池およびその制御システム、ならびにリチウム二次電池の状態検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012017824A1 WO2012017824A1 PCT/JP2011/066442 JP2011066442W WO2012017824A1 WO 2012017824 A1 WO2012017824 A1 WO 2012017824A1 JP 2011066442 W JP2011066442 W JP 2011066442W WO 2012017824 A1 WO2012017824 A1 WO 2012017824A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/15—Correlation function computation including computation of convolution operations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- This embodiment relates to a lithium secondary battery having a negative electrode using silicon oxide as a negative electrode active material, its control system, and a state detection method of the lithium secondary battery.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose a system that detects a state of charge of a secondary battery (amount of charge or SOC (State Of Charge)) based on the battery voltage of the secondary battery.
- dV / dQ calculating means for calculating a value of dV / dQ, which is a ratio of a change amount dV of the battery voltage V of the secondary battery to a change amount dQ of the storage amount Q, is provided.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a lithium secondary battery having a negative electrode using silicon oxide as a negative electrode active material.
- the lithium ion conductivity of the silicon oxide used in the negative electrode is doped.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 can detect the deterioration state of the secondary battery (decrease in battery capacity or increase in internal resistance), but these methods measure the battery voltage. Therefore, since the deterioration state is determined, information on local reaction bias inside the negative electrode cannot be obtained. Further, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 4, it is possible to determine the point of the amount of electricity at which a phase transition accompanied by a minute voltage change of the electrode active material can be determined, but the ratio of each phase at the end of charging is quantified. Cannot be estimated automatically. Therefore, it is possible to quantitatively detect the non-uniform reaction state of the negative electrode of a lithium secondary battery using silicon oxide as the negative electrode active material, that is, at what proportion of locations where the lithium concentration is high and low There is a problem that cannot be detected.
- This embodiment is to provide a control system for a lithium secondary battery that can solve the above-described problems.
- a control system for a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode using silicon oxide as a negative electrode active material, and a means for obtaining a potential of the negative electrode with respect to a lithium reference electrode.
- the calculation means for calculating the intensity ratio of the two peaks appearing on the V-dQ / dV curve, and the detection means for detecting the state of the negative electrode using the intensity ratio.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present embodiment is a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode using silicon oxide as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium reference electrode having a reference potential with respect to the negative electrode.
- a charge / discharge control unit that repeatedly charges and discharges the lithium secondary battery; a voltage V of the negative electrode with respect to the lithium reference electrode when the lithium secondary battery is discharged; and a discharge capacity of the lithium secondary battery
- a V-dQ / dV curve representing a relationship between a measurement unit that measures Q, dQ / dV that is a ratio of the change amount dQ of the discharge capacity Q to the change amount dV of the voltage V, and the voltage V
- a generating unit for generating, a peak intensity ratio calculating unit for calculating an intensity ratio of two peaks appearing on the V-dQ / dV curve with respect to two voltage values at the voltage V, and using the intensity ratio in front
- a state detection method for a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode using silicon oxide as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium reference electrode having a reference potential with respect to the negative electrode.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the control system of the lithium secondary battery of the first embodiment.
- a control system 1 for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium secondary battery 2, a charge / discharge control unit 3, a measurement unit 4, a generation unit 5, a peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6, and a peak intensity ratio comparison. Part 7.
- the measurement unit 4, the generation unit 5, the peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6, and the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 are essential components.
- the lithium secondary battery 2 and the charge / discharge control unit 3 are arbitrarily configured.
- the lithium secondary battery 2 includes a positive electrode 21, a negative electrode 22, and a metal lithium reference electrode 23. Silicon oxide is used for the negative electrode 22 as a negative electrode active material.
- the metallic lithium reference electrode 23 is one of means for obtaining the potential of the negative electrode 22 with respect to lithium.
- the silicon oxide described in Patent Document 5 can be used as a negative electrode active material of the negative electrode 22.
- silicon oxides include SiO y (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2), SiLi x O y (x> 0, 2>y> 0), silicates, and trace amounts of metal elements in these silicon oxides. The thing which added the nonmetallic element is mentioned. These silicon oxides may be crystalline or amorphous. These may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- configurations other than the negative electrode 22, for example, the positive electrode 21, the electrolytic solution, the separator, and the like can be those used in known lithium secondary batteries.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode 21 include lithium manganate having a layered structure such as LiMnO 2 , Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) or lithium manganate having a spinel structure, LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , These transition metals are partially replaced with other metals. LiFePO 4 having an olivine type crystal structure can also be used. These positive electrode active materials can also be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the electrolytic solution material is not particularly limited as long as it is stable at the redox potential of metallic lithium, and a known nonaqueous electrolytic solution can be employed.
- An electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a solvent is most preferable.
- cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, etc.
- a mixture of two or more lactones such as chain carbonates and ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferred.
- electrolyte salt examples include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2).
- a lithium salt such as 2 .
- electrolyte salts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an ionic liquid such as a quaternary ammonium-imide salt can be used.
- the separator is not particularly limited, and a known separator can be adopted.
- a porous film such as polypropylene or polyethylene or a nonwoven fabric can be used.
- the present inventors have a metal lithium reference electrode at the time of discharging when the charging current is sufficiently small (for example, 0.02C).
- DQ / dV which is the ratio of the change amount dQ of the discharge amount Q of the lithium secondary battery 2 to the change amount dV of the voltage V of the negative electrode 22 with respect to 23, the value of the voltage V of the negative electrode 22 with respect to the metal lithium reference electrode 23,
- VdQ / dV curve representing the relationship peaks appear at 300 mV or near 300 mV (approximately 0.3 V), which is the oxidation-reduction potential of silicon oxide, and around 500 mV or 500 mV (approximately 0.5 V).
- the intensity ratio of the peak was found to change with the charge capacity per silicon oxide in the negative electrode 22.
- 0.02C means a current of a magnitude that completes charging of the lithium secondary battery 2 in 50 hours when the lithium secondary battery 2 is charged with a constant current of 0.02C.
- about 0.3V and about 0.5V show that it is in the range of ⁇ 10% from 0.3V and 0.5V, respectively.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a V-dQ / dV curve during discharge when SiO is used as the silicon oxide.
- the charging current is 0.02C.
- the present inventors show that when the charge capacity (lithium doping amount) is sufficiently small (for example, when the charge capacity is 1750 mAh / g in FIG. 2), in the VdQ / dV curve, It was found that only a peak of about 0.5 V appears, and the peak of about 0.5 V increases as the charging capacity increases. Furthermore, the inventors of the present invention show that when the charge capacity exceeds a certain value, the peak intensity of about 0.5V becomes constant in the V-dQ / dV curve, and the second peak appears at about 0.3V, It has been found that the peak of about 0.3 V increases as the charging capacity increases.
- phase having a peak at about 0.5V contains less lithium than the phase having a peak at about 0.3V.
- the present inventors have found that it is possible to obtain information on the proportion of the portion with a high lithium content and the portion with a low lithium content in the negative electrode 22 from the ratio of these two peak intensities.
- the ratio of these two peak intensities may differ depending on various conditions. For example, when the charge / discharge cycle is repeated, the negative electrode gradually undergoes non-uniform charge / discharge reactions, and many phases with a high lithium content may occur. This is because the lithium ion conductivity of silicon oxide varies greatly depending on the amount of lithium contained, and the lithium ion conductivity increases as the amount of lithium contained increases. Therefore, a charging reaction is likely to occur at a location where the lithium content is large, and as a result, the lithium content at that location tends to be higher after charging.
- the control system 1 of the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present embodiment uses the intensity ratio of these peaks to make the uniformity of the lithium concentration in the negative electrode 22 of the lithium ion secondary battery 2, that is, the uniformity of the charged state. Is quantified and detected. As a result, it is possible to take measures such as stopping the operation of the lithium secondary battery.
- the charge / discharge control unit 3 shown in FIG. 5 can generally be called charge / discharge control means.
- the charge / discharge control unit 3 repeatedly charges and discharges the lithium secondary battery 2.
- the measuring unit 4 can generally be called measuring means.
- the measurement unit 4 measures the voltage V of the negative electrode 22 with respect to the metal lithium reference electrode 23 and the discharge capacity Q of the lithium secondary battery 2 when the lithium secondary battery 2 is discharged.
- the measurement unit 4 measures the voltage V and the discharge capacity Q at the time of the first discharge and at the time of the second discharge performed after the first discharge, respectively.
- the measurement unit 4 includes a voltage detection unit 41, a current detection unit 42, and a discharge capacity calculation unit 43.
- the voltage detection unit 41 detects the voltage V of the negative electrode 22 with respect to the metal lithium reference electrode 23 every time the lithium secondary battery 2 is discharged (at least during the first discharge and the second discharge). The voltage detection unit 41 outputs the value of the voltage V to the generation unit 5.
- the current detector 42 detects the current I flowing from the lithium secondary battery 2 every time the lithium secondary battery 2 is discharged (at least during the first discharge and the second discharge).
- the current detection unit 42 outputs the value of the current I to the discharge capacity calculation unit 43.
- the discharge capacity calculation unit 43 calculates the discharge capacity Q of the lithium secondary battery 2 by integrating the value of the current I every predetermined time T every time the lithium secondary battery 2 is discharged.
- the discharge capacity calculation unit 43 outputs the value of the discharge capacity Q to the generation unit 5.
- the generation unit 5 can generally be called generation means.
- the generator 5 generates a V-dQ / dV curve representing the relationship between the voltage V and dQ / dV, which is the ratio of the change amount dQ of the discharge capacity Q to the change amount dV of the voltage V. For example, every time the voltage V and the discharge capacity Q are measured, the generation unit 5 generates a V-dQ / dV curve based on the measured voltage V and the discharge capacity Q. The generation unit 5 outputs the V-dQ / dV curve to the peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6.
- the peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6 can be generally referred to as calculation means.
- the peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6 calculates the intensity ratio of two peaks appearing on the V-dQ / dV curve with respect to two voltage values at the voltage V. For example, every time a V-dQ / dV curve is generated, the peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6 calculates the intensity ratio of two peaks appearing on the V-dQ / dV curve with respect to two voltage values.
- 0.3V and 0.5V are used as two voltage values in the voltage V. Note that a voltage of about 0.3 V may be used instead of 0.3 V, and a voltage of about 0.5 V may be used instead of 0.5 V.
- the peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6 outputs the intensity ratio to the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7.
- the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 can be generally called detection means.
- the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 detects the state of the negative electrode 22 using the intensity ratio. For example, the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 compares the intensity ratios calculated by the peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6 during a plurality of discharges with each other, and detects the state of the negative electrode 22 from the comparison result. As an example, the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 is based on the intensity ratio calculated based on the voltage V and the discharge capacity Q during the second discharge, and the voltage V and the discharge capacity Q during the first discharge. If the difference between the calculated intensity ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the uniformity of the lithium concentration in the negative electrode 22 is less than or equal to a predetermined value. The accompanying deviation of the lithium doping amount occurs, and it is detected that a non-uniform reaction state at the negative electrode 22 has occurred.
- the voltage detection unit 41 determines the voltage V of the negative electrode 22 with respect to the metal lithium reference electrode 23 between the negative electrode 22 and the metal lithium reference electrode 23. It is obtained by measuring the voltage.
- the discharge curve of the half cell composed of the positive electrode and the metal lithium negative electrode is measured in advance, and the measurement unit 4 determines the negative electrode relative to the metal lithium reference electrode 23 from the difference between the discharge curve of the lithium secondary battery 2 and the discharge curve of the harp cell.
- the voltage V of 22 can also be obtained by calculation.
- lithium manganate having a spinel structure that has been put to practical use in lithium secondary batteries, or a positive electrode such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2, LiFePO 4, etc. has a uniform charge / discharge reaction compared to a negative electrode made of silicon oxide. Since it proceeds stably, for the sake of simplicity, there is no practical problem even if the discharge curve of the positive electrode is considered to be almost constant at an arbitrary current value.
- the current detection unit 42 detects the current I flowing from the lithium secondary battery 2 while the lithium secondary battery 2 is performing the discharge operation, and the discharge capacity calculation unit 43 is detected by the current detection unit 42.
- the discharge capacity Q is calculated by integrating the current value I every predetermined time T.
- the measuring unit 4 acquires the voltage V and the discharge capacity Q by the above method every predetermined time T when the lithium secondary battery 2 is discharged.
- the generation unit 5 calculates the change amount dV of the voltage V and the change amount dQ of the discharge capacity Q for each predetermined time T based on the detection result of the measurement unit 4, and based on these, the dQ for each predetermined time T is calculated. Determine the value of / dV.
- the generation unit 5 draws a V-dQ / dV curve from the dQ / dV value and the voltage V value.
- the peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6 obtains the intensity (integrated intensity) of the peak on the V-dQ / dV curve by approximating and integrating each peak on the V-dQ / dV curve with a Gaussian function, and the intensity ratio Is calculated.
- the peak intensity comparison unit 7 compares this intensity ratio with the peak intensity ratio obtained from the V-dQ / dV curve when the lithium secondary battery 2 is charged with a sufficiently small current (for example, 0.02 C). Detect the uniformity of the negative electrode reaction.
- the information transmission unit 8 can be generally called information transmission means, and transmits information on the intensity ratio obtained by the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 to the charge / discharge control unit 3.
- the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 compares the peak intensity ratio in an ideal uniform state with the measured peak intensity, and has a certain value (for example, 10% or more, the threshold value below) If it exceeds the above, the information is transmitted to the charge / discharge control unit through the information transmission unit 8, and the regeneration mode (charging or discharging with a minute current) is executed.
- a minute current for example, 0.02C
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a V-dQ / dV curve at the time of discharging in a lithium secondary battery having a negative electrode in which SiO is used as a silicon oxide when a charge / discharge cycle is repeated.
- the peak intensity ratio on the V-dQ / dV curve changes, and when the deviation from the reference value of the peak intensity ratio exceeds 10% at 53 cycles, the regeneration mode ( When 0.02C) is executed, when the cycle test is resumed after execution, the deviation of the peak intensity ratio from the reference value returns to within the threshold value. This indicates that the uniformity of the lithium concentration is improved by executing the regeneration mode.
- Threshold value is not particularly limited, but can be set in the range of 5 to 20%, for example. Also, the amount of minute current is not particularly limited, but can be set in the range of 0.01 C to 0.1 C, for example.
- the operation will be described.
- the operations of the lithium secondary battery 2, the charge / discharge control unit 3, the measurement unit 4, the generation unit 5, the peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6, and the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the information transmission unit 8 transmits the information to the charge / discharge control unit 3,
- the charging / discharging control unit executes a regeneration mode (charging / discharging at a minute current, for example, 0.02C).
- NMP n-methylpyrrolidone
- Nichia lithium cobaltate, carbon black (Mitsubishi Chemical, trade name: # 3030B), and polyvinylidene fluoride (Kureha, trade name: # 2400) have a mass of 95: 2: 3, respectively. Weighed by ratio. They were mixed with NMP to form a slurry. The mass ratio of NMP to solids was 52:48. The slurry was applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m using a doctor blade, and then dried by heating at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the produced lithium secondary battery 2 was charged / discharged in the voltage range of 4.2 V to 2.7 V using the charge / discharge control unit 3 to perform a charge / discharge cycle test. Charging is performed by the CCCV method (constant current (1C) up to 4.2V, and the voltage is kept constant for one hour after reaching 4.2V), and discharging is performed by the CC method (constant current (1C)). .
- the 1 C current means a current having a magnitude that completes the discharge in one hour when a battery having an arbitrary capacity is discharged at a constant current.
- a charge / discharge test apparatus ACD-100M (trade name) manufactured by Asuka Electronics Co., Ltd. was used as the charge / discharge control unit 3.
- the measuring unit 4 While performing the charge / discharge cycle test, the measuring unit 4 simultaneously measures the voltage V between the negative electrode 22 and the lithium reference electrode (metal lithium reference electrode) 23 and calculates the discharge capacity Q from the discharge time and the discharge current value. did. Recording of the voltage V and the discharge capacity Q was performed every 10 minutes or whenever a change of 0.04 V occurred in the voltage.
- the generator 5 draws a discharge curve from the voltage V and the discharge capacity Q, and obtains a V-dQ / dV curve from the obtained discharge curve.
- the peak intensity ratio calculation unit 6 was obtained by approximating a peak intensity of about 0.3 V and a peak intensity of about 0.5 V on the V-dQ / dV curve by a Gaussian function. When the ratio of the two peak intensities changed by ⁇ 10% or more from the initial value, the next charge / discharge cycle was set to a constant current of 0.02 C (regeneration mode).
- Comparative Example 1 A battery manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 as Comparative Example 1 was similarly subjected to a charge / discharge cycle test except that the regeneration mode was not performed.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the capacity of the lithium secondary battery 2 of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and the number of cycles. Referring to FIG. 4, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 1 in which the reproduction mode is not performed, the capacity is decreased with a smaller number of cycles than in Example 1. From FIG. 4, the battery control system can detect the state of the negative electrode 22 and execute the regeneration mode as necessary to alleviate the capacity reduction of the lithium secondary battery 2 associated with the charge / discharge cycle. Is explained.
- Example 2 the control system of the lithium secondary battery has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, but the threshold value and the current amount in the regeneration mode are different from those of the first embodiment.
- the ratio of the two peak intensities changed from the initial value by the threshold value shown in Table 1, the next charge / discharge cycle was executed at a constant current of 0.1 C (regeneration mode).
- the illustrated configuration and the calculation in the correction program are merely examples, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.
- the measurement unit 4 uses the voltage V of the negative electrode 22 with respect to the metal lithium reference electrode 23 and the lithium secondary battery.
- the discharge capacity Q of the secondary battery 2 is detected, the generator 5 generates a V-dQ / dV curve, and the peak intensity ratio calculator 6 calculates the intensity ratio of the two peaks appearing on the V-dQ / dV curve.
- the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 detects the state of the negative electrode 22 using the intensity ratio.
- 0.3V and 0.5V are used as two voltage values.
- the charge / discharge control unit 3 repeatedly charges and discharges the lithium secondary battery 2, and the measurement unit 4 discharges the voltage V and the discharge during the first discharge and the second discharge, respectively.
- the generating unit 5 generates a V-dQ / dV curve based on the measured voltage V and the discharge capacity Q, and the peak intensity is measured.
- the ratio calculation unit 6 calculates the intensity ratio of two peaks appearing with respect to two voltage values on the generated V-dQ / dV curve, and the peak intensity is calculated.
- the ratio comparison unit 7 compares the intensity ratios calculated for each discharge, and detects the state of the negative electrode 22 from the comparison result.
- the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 determines the intensity ratio calculated based on the voltage V and the discharge capacity Q during the second discharge, and the voltage V and the discharge capacity Q during the first discharge. If the difference between the calculated intensity ratio and the intensity ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold (for example, ⁇ 10% in the example shown in FIG. 4), the uniformity of the lithium concentration in the negative electrode 22 is predetermined. It is detected that the value is below the specified value.
- a predetermined threshold for example, ⁇ 10% in the example shown in FIG. 4
- the threshold value is not limited to ⁇ 10% and can be changed as appropriate. For example, the threshold value may be ⁇ 20%.
- the intensity ratio of the two peaks appearing with respect to the two voltage values on the V-dQ / dV curve varies depending on the proportion of the portion where the lithium content is high and the portion where the lithium content is low.
- the peak intensity ratio comparison unit 7 can accurately detect the uniformity of the reaction at the negative electrode 22 of the lithium secondary battery 2 using silicon oxide as the negative electrode active material. That is, from these two peak intensity ratios, it is possible to obtain information relating to the proportion of the locations where the lithium content in the anode 22 is high and locations where the lithium content is low.
- the charging reaction of the negative electrode 22 having silicon oxide is basically caused by a common mechanism based on a reaction in which silicon and lithium in the silicon oxide form an alloy. For this reason, all the lithium secondary batteries using the above-described silicon oxide as the negative electrode active material should quantify and detect the uniformity of the negative electrode reaction state in the control system 1 of the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment. Can do.
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Abstract
Description
以下、第一の実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。
以下、第二の実施形態について、図1を参照して説明する。
<負極22の作製>
高純度化学製の一酸化ケイ素(平均粒子直径D50=25μm)と、カーボンブラック(三菱化学製、商品名:#3030B)と、ポリアミック酸(宇部興産製、商品名:U-ワニスA)とを、それぞれ、83:2:15の質量比で計量した。それらをn-メチルピロリドン(NMP)とホモジナイザーを用いて混合しスラリーとした。NMPと固形分の質量比は、57:43とした。スラリーを厚さ15μmのCu0.2Snに、ドクターブレードを用いて塗布後、120℃で7分間加熱し、NMPを乾燥させ負極22とした。その後、負極22を窒素雰囲気下にて、電気炉を用いて250℃で30分間加熱した。
日亜化学製のコバルト酸リチウムと、カーボンブラック(三菱化学製、商品名:#3030B)と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(クレハ製、商品名:#2400)とを、それぞれ、95:2:3の質量比で計量した。それらをNMPと混合しスラリーとした。NMPと固形分の質量比は52:48とした。スラリーを厚さ15μmのアルミニウム箔に、ドクターブレードを用いて塗布後、120℃で5分間加熱し乾燥した。
上記の正極21と負極22に、それぞれ、アルミ端子、ニッケル端子を溶接した。また、銅箔とリチウム箔を張り合わせたもの(本城金属製)にニッケル端子を溶接し、リチウム参照極(金属リチウム基準極)23とした。これらを、セパレータを介して重ね合わせて電極素子を作製した。電極素子をラミネートフィルムで外装し電解液を注入した後、減圧しながらラミネートフィルムを熱融着して封止を行い、平板型のリチウム二次電池2を作製した。セパレータには、ポリプロピレンフィルムを用いた。ラミネートフィルムには、アルミニウムを蒸着したポリプロピレンフィルムを用いた。電解液には、1.0mol/lのLiPF6電解質塩を含むエチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとの7:3(体積比)混合溶媒を用いた。
作製したリチウム二次電池2を、充放電制御部3を用いて、電圧範囲4.2Vから2.7Vの範囲で充放電させて充放電サイクル試験を行った。充電は、CCCV方式(4.2Vまでは一定電流(1C)、4.2Vに達した後は電圧を一定に一時間保つ)で行い、放電は、CC方式(一定電流(1C))とした。ここで1C電流とは、任意の容量の電池を一定電流で放電した場合、1時間で放電が終了する大きさの電流を意味する。充放電サイクル試験では、アスカ電子株式会社製の充放電試験装置ACD-100M(商品名)を、充放電制御部3として用いた。
比較例1として実施例1と同様に作製した電池を、再生モード行わない以外は同様に充放電サイクル試験を行った。
本実施例は、リチウム二次電池の制御システムは実施例1と同様の構成を有するが、閾値および再生モードの電流量が実施例1と異なる。2つのピーク強度の比が初期値から表1に記載の閾値以上変化した場合、次回の充放電サイクルを0.1Cの定電流(再生モード)で実行した。
2 リチウム二次電池
21 正極
22 負極
23 リチウム基準極
3 充放電制御部
4 検出部
41 電圧検出部
42 電流検出部
43 放電容量算出部
5 生成部
6 ピーク強度比算出部
7 ピーク強度比比較部
8 情報伝達部
Claims (20)
- 正極と、負極活物質としてケイ素酸化物を用いた負極と、前記負極のリチウム基準極に対する電位を求める手段と、を備えたリチウム二次電池の制御システムであって、
前記リチウム二次電池の放電時に、前記リチウム基準極に対する前記負極の電圧Vと、前記リチウム二次電池の放電容量Qと、を測定する測定手段と、
前記電圧Vの変化量dVに対する前記放電容量Qの変化量dQの割合であるdQ/dVと、前記電圧Vと、の関係を表すV-dQ/dV曲線を生成する生成手段と、
前記電圧Vにおける2つの電圧値に対して前記V-dQ/dV曲線上に現れる2つのピークの強度比を算出する算出手段と、
前記強度比を利用して前記負極の状態を検知する検知手段と、
を含むリチウム二次電池の制御システム。 - 請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の制御システムにおいて、
前記2つの電圧値は、前記ケイ素酸化物の酸化還元電位であるリチウム二次電池の制御システム。 - 請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池の制御システムにおいて、
前記2つの電圧値は、略0.3Vと略0.5Vであるリチウム二次電池の制御システム。 - 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池の制御システムにおいて、
前記リチウム二次電池に対して充電と放電とを繰り返し行う充放電制御手段をさらに含み、
前記測定手段は、第1放電時、および、前記第1放電時よりも後に行われる第2放電時に、それぞれ、前記電圧Vと前記放電容量Qとを測定し、
前記生成手段は、前記電圧Vと前記放電容量Qとが測定されるごとに、当該電圧Vと当該放電容量Qとに基づいて前記V-dQ/dV曲線を生成し、
前記算出手段は、前記V-dQ/dV曲線が生成されるごとに、前記2つの電圧値に対して当該V-dQ/dV曲線上に現れる2つのピークの強度比を算出し、
前記検知手段は、前記算出手段にてそれぞれ算出された強度比を互いに比較し、当該比較の結果から、前記負極の状態を検知するリチウム二次電池の制御システム。 - 請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池の制御システムにおいて、
前記検知手段は、前記第2放電時の前記電圧Vと前記放電容量Qとに基づいて算出された強度比と、前記第1放電時の前記電圧Vと前記放電容量Qとに基づいて算出された強度比と、の差が、予め定められた閾値以上であると、前記負極中でのリチウム濃度の均一度が予め定められた値以下になったことを検知するリチウム二次電池の制御システム。 - 請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池の制御システムにおいて、
前記検知手段は、前記第2放電時の前記電圧Vと前記放電容量Qとに基づいて算出された強度比と、前記第1放電時の前記電圧Vと前記放電容量Qとに基づいて算出された強度比と、の差が、予め定められた閾値以上になったことを検知した場合、その情報を前記充放電制御手段に伝達する情報伝達手段をさらに含み、
前記伝達を受けた前記充放電制御手段が、前記負極中でのリチウム濃度の均一度を向上する手段を実行するリチウム二次電池の制御システム。 - 請求項5または6に記載のリチウム二次電池において、
前記予め定められた閾値が、5~20%であるリチウム二次電池の制御システム。 - 請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池の制御システムにおいて、
前記負極中でのリチウム濃度の均一度を向上する手段が、微小電流による充放電であるリチウム二次電池の制御システム。 - 請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池の制御システムにおいて、
前記微小電流の電流量は、0.01C~0.1Cであるリチウム二次電池の制御システム。 - 正極と、負極活物質としてケイ素酸化物を用いた負極と、前記負極に対する基準電位を有するリチウム基準極と、を備えたリチウム二次電池であって、
前記リチウム二次電池に対して充電と放電とを繰り返し行う充放電制御部と、
前記リチウム二次電池の放電時に、前記リチウム基準極に対する前記負極の電圧Vと、前記リチウム二次電池の放電容量Qとを測定する測定部と、
前記電圧Vの変化量dVに対する前記放電容量Qの変化量dQの割合であるdQ/dVと、前記電圧Vと、の関係を表すV-dQ/dV曲線を生成する生成部と、
前記電圧Vにおける2つの電圧値に対して前記V-dQ/dV曲線上に現れる2つのピークの強度比を算出するピーク強度比算出部と、
前記強度比を利用して前記負極の状態を検知するピーク強度比比較部と、
前記比較部が前記電圧Vにおける2つの電圧値に対して前記V-dQ/dV曲線上に現れる2つのピークの強度比と、の差が、予め定められた閾値以上になったことを検知した場合、その情報を前記充放電制御部に伝達する情報伝達部と、
を備え、
前記伝達を受けた前記充放電制御部が、負極中でのリチウム濃度の均一度を向上する手段を実行するリチウム二次電池。 - 請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池において、
前記2つの電圧値は、前記ケイ素酸化物の酸化還元電位であるリチウム二次電池。 - 請求項10または11に記載のリチウム二次電池において、
前記2つの電圧値は、略0.3Vと略0.5Vであるリチウム二次電池。 - 請求項10~12のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池において、
前記測定部は、第1放電時、および、前記第1放電時よりも後に行われる第2放電時に、それぞれ、前記電圧Vと前記放電容量Qとを測定し、
前記生成部は、前記電圧Vと前記放電容量Qとが測定されるごとに、当該電圧Vと当該放電容量Qとに基づいて前記V-dQ/dV曲線を生成し、
前記ピーク強度比算出部は、前記V-dQ/dV曲線が生成されるごとに、前記2つの電圧値に対して当該V-dQ/dV曲線上に現れる2つのピークの強度比を算出し、
前記ピーク強度比比較部は、前記算出部にてそれぞれ算出された強度比を互いに比較し、当該比較の結果から、前記負極の状態を検知するリチウム二次電池。 - 請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池において、
前記比較部は、前記第2放電時の前記電圧Vと前記放電容量Qとに基づいて算出された強度比と、前記第1放電時の前記電圧Vと前記放電容量Qとに基づいて算出された強度比と、の差が、予め定められた閾値以上であると、前記負極中でのリチウム濃度の均一度が予め定められた値以下になったことを検知するリチウム二次電池。 - 請求項14に記載のリチウム二次電池において、
前記予め定められた閾値が、5~20%であるリチウム二次電池。 - 請求項15に記載のリチウム二次電池において、
前記伝達を受けた前記充放電制御部が、微小電流による充放電を行うリチウム二次電池。 - 請求項16に記載のリチウム二次電池において、
前記微小電流の電流量は、0.01C~0.1Cであるリチウム二次電池。 - 正極と、負極活物質としてケイ素酸化物を用いた負極と、前記負極に対する基準電位を有するリチウム基準極と、を備えたリチウム二次電池の状態検出方法であって、
前記リチウム二次電池の放電時に、前記リチウム基準極に対する前記負極の電圧Vと、前記リチウム二次電池の放電容量Qと、を測定する測定ステップと、
前記電圧Vの変化量dVに対する前記放電容量Qの変化量dQの割合であるdQ/dVと、前記電圧Vと、の関係を表すV-dQ/dV曲線を生成する生成ステップと、
前記電圧Vにおける2つの電圧値に対して前記V-dQ/dV曲線上に現れる2つのピークの強度比を算出する算出ステップと、
前記強度比を利用して前記負極の状態を検知する検知ステップと、
を含むリチウム二次電池の状態検出方法。 - 請求項18に記載のリチウム二次電池の状態検出方法において、
前記2つの電圧値は、前記ケイ素酸化物の酸化還元電位であるリチウム二次電池の状態検出方法。 - 請求項18または19に記載のリチウム二次電池の状態検出方法において、
前記2つの電圧値は、略0.3Vと略0.5Vであるリチウム二次電池の状態検出方法。
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CN103053066B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
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US20130119940A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
US20150200425A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
US9768476B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 |
US9018916B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 |
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