WO2011162090A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011162090A1 WO2011162090A1 PCT/JP2011/062922 JP2011062922W WO2011162090A1 WO 2011162090 A1 WO2011162090 A1 WO 2011162090A1 JP 2011062922 W JP2011062922 W JP 2011062922W WO 2011162090 A1 WO2011162090 A1 WO 2011162090A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
Definitions
- the present embodiment relates to a high capacity non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a high capacity positive electrode active material for the positive electrode.
- Carbon (C) such as graphite and hard carbon is mainly used for the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery. Although carbon can repeat charge / discharge cycles satisfactorily, the capacity has already been used up to near the theoretical capacity, so a significant increase in capacity cannot be expected in the future. On the other hand, there is a strong demand for improving the capacity of lithium ion secondary batteries, and negative electrode materials having a higher capacity than carbon are being studied.
- An example of a negative electrode material capable of realizing a high capacity is silicon (Si).
- Si silicon
- the negative electrode using Si has a large amount of occlusion and release of lithium ions per unit volume and a high capacity, when the lithium ions are occluded and released, the electrode active material itself has a large expansion and contraction, so that the pulverization proceeds.
- the irreversible capacity in the first charge / discharge is large, and a portion not used for charge / discharge is formed on the positive electrode side.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a method using Si oxide as a negative electrode active material as a measure for reducing the initial irreversible capacity using Si and improving the charge / discharge cycle life.
- Si oxide as a negative electrode active material
- improvement in cycle characteristics has been confirmed.
- the conductivity of the oxide is low, the current collecting property is lowered, and the irreversible capacity in charge / discharge is large.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a method using particles obtained by combining a carbon material with Si and Si oxide as a negative electrode active material. Although the improvement of the cycle characteristics is confirmed by this, it is still insufficient, and the improvement of the initial charge / discharge efficiency is insufficient.
- the negative electrode contains a lithium oxide represented by Si oxide and Li 3-x M x N (M represents a transition metal, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8)
- a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium ion secondary battery using a mixed active material with a composite nitride is proposed in Patent Document 3.
- the lithium-containing composite nitride is excellent in terms of compensating the irreversible capacity of the Si oxide, but the capacity per mass of the lithium-containing composite nitride is about 800 mAh / g, which is small compared to the Si oxide, and only the Si oxide is used. There is a problem that the energy density of the battery is smaller than the energy density of the battery when used as the negative electrode active material.
- the capacity of the battery is increased by using Si as a negative electrode material capable of realizing a high capacity
- the ratio of the positive electrode is larger in the total weight of the battery, and a higher capacity on the positive electrode side is also required.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 describe the use of Li 2 NiO 2 as a positive electrode active material.
- the present embodiment has been made in order to solve such a problem, and the object thereof is a non-capacity having a high capacity that minimizes a decrease in capacity per mass of the battery due to an irreversible capacity in the first charge / discharge.
- the object is to provide a water electrolyte secondary battery.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to this embodiment is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a negative electrode including at least one negative electrode active material selected from the group consisting of Si, Si oxide, and carbon, and a positive electrode.
- the positive electrode is represented by an oxide capable of occluding and releasing lithium and Li 2 MO 2 (M is at least one of Cu and Ni) and includes a planar four-coordinate MO 4 structure.
- a potential MO 4 structure including a transition metal oxide forming a one-dimensional chain sharing a side formed by two oxygen atoms facing each other, wherein the initial charge capacity of the negative electrode is Y, When the initial charge capacity of the positive electrode is Z, Z ⁇ Y is satisfied.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high capacity in which the capacity reduction per battery mass due to the irreversible capacity in the first charge / discharge is minimized.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to this embodiment is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a negative electrode including at least one negative electrode active material selected from the group consisting of Si, Si oxide, and carbon, and a positive electrode.
- the positive electrode is represented by an oxide capable of occluding and releasing lithium and Li 2 MO 2 (M is at least one of Cu and Ni) and includes a planar four-coordinate MO 4 structure.
- a potential MO 4 structure including a transition metal oxide forming a one-dimensional chain sharing a side formed by two oxygen atoms facing each other, wherein the initial charge capacity of the negative electrode is Y, When the initial charge capacity of the positive electrode is Z, Z ⁇ Y is satisfied.
- the positive electrode active material consumed by the initial irreversible capacity specific to at least one negative electrode active material selected from Si, Si oxide, and carbon is used as a higher capacity Li 2.
- Li is supplied from the positive electrode to the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode by the first charging operation, but in the next initial discharge, the Li returning from the negative electrode active material to the positive electrode is insufficient (irreversible). Capacity). For this reason, Li is not supplied to the entire positive electrode, and a positive electrode active material that does not participate in charge and discharge is generated in the positive electrode. Therefore, in the present embodiment, Li 2 MO having a capacity per unit mass larger than that of an oxide capable of occluding and releasing lithium in an amount corresponding to the initial irreversible capacity or a part thereof in advance in the positive electrode.
- the mass of the positive electrode active material is reduced as compared with the case of using only an oxide capable of occluding and releasing lithium. As a result, the capacity per unit mass of the secondary battery can be increased.
- the initial charge capacity of the negative electrode is Y and the initial charge capacity of the positive electrode is Z
- Z ⁇ Y is satisfied.
- said Y confirms the capacity
- Z is a value of the initial charge capacity obtained by confirming the capacity characteristics between 4.3 V and 3.0 V using a model cell with metallic lithium as the counter electrode for charge / discharge performance of the positive electrode.
- ⁇ indicates the charge / discharge performance of the negative electrode active material
- the capacity characteristic is confirmed between 1.5 V and 0.02 V using a model cell with metallic lithium as a counter electrode, and the negative electrode active material is charged by the first charge.
- the irreversible capacity is calculated from the difference between the capacity that can be generated and the capacity that is discharged in the next discharge.
- the charge / discharge capacity density per mass of the oxide capable of occluding and releasing lithium is A
- a and B are values measured by preparing a model cell using a counter electrode lithium metal and performing a charge / discharge test between 4.3 V and 3.0 V.
- the negative electrode active material according to the present embodiment is at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, Si oxide, and carbon.
- the Si oxide include silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ).
- the carbon include carbon that performs charging and discharging, such as graphite and hard carbon. These may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- the negative electrode is produced by forming, on the negative electrode current collector, a mixture in which at least one negative electrode active material selected from the group consisting of Si, Si oxide and carbon and a binder are mixed.
- the mixture may contain a solvent, and a paste kneaded with the solvent is applied onto a negative electrode current collector such as a copper foil and rolled to form a coated electrode plate, or directly pressed to form a pressure-formed electrode plate.
- a negative electrode current collector such as a copper foil and rolled to form a coated electrode plate, or directly pressed to form a pressure-formed electrode plate.
- the negative electrode is produced by heat represented by Si powder, Si oxide powder, carbon powder, polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyacrylic acid resin, polymethacrylic acid resin, and the like.
- a curable binder is dispersed and kneaded in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the kneaded material can be produced by applying it on a negative electrode current collector made of a metal foil and drying it in a high temperature atmosphere.
- the electrode density of the negative electrode active material layer is preferably 0.5 g / cm 3 or more and 2.0 g / cm 3 or less. When the electrode density is less than 0.5 g / cm 3 , the absolute value of the discharge capacity is small, and there are cases where the merit for the carbon material cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the electrode density exceeds 2.0 g / cm 3 , it is difficult to impregnate the electrode with the electrolytic solution, and the discharge capacity may be reduced.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is preferably 4 to 100 ⁇ m because it is preferable to maintain the strength, and more preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m in order to increase the energy density.
- lithium nickelate LiNiO 2
- lithium manganate lithium manganate
- lithium cobaltate lithium nickelate
- the transition metal oxide represented by Li 2 MO 2 (M is at least one of Cu and Ni) may be Li 2 CuO 2 or Li 2 NiO 2 , and M may contain both Cu and Ni. .
- the transition metal oxide represented by the Li 2 MO 2 specifically has a structure represented by the following formula (1).
- Li 2 MO 2 contains the structure.
- a conductive agent such as carbon black or acetylene black, and a binder.
- a positive electrode active material layer is formed by a mixture of these.
- the kneaded product can be produced by applying it onto a positive electrode current collector made of a metal foil and drying it in a high temperature atmosphere.
- the electrode density of the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 2.0 g / cm 3 or more and 3.0 g / cm 3 or less.
- the electrode density is less than 2.0 g / cm 3 , the absolute value of the discharge capacity may be small.
- the electrode density exceeds 3.0 g / cm 3 it is difficult to impregnate the electrode with the electrolytic solution, and the discharge capacity may be reduced.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is preferably 4 to 100 ⁇ m because it is preferable to maintain the strength, and more preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m in order to increase the energy density.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a laminated laminate type secondary battery which is an example of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to this embodiment.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 includes a negative electrode current collector 2 such as a copper foil, a negative electrode 3 composed of a negative electrode active material layer 1 formed on the negative electrode current collector 2, and a positive electrode such as an aluminum foil.
- a current collector 5 and a positive electrode 6 composed of a positive electrode active material layer 4 formed on the positive electrode current collector 5 are disposed so as to face each other with a separator 7 therebetween, and are stacked.
- a polyolefin such as polypropylene or polyethylene, or a porous film such as a fluororesin can be used.
- a negative electrode lead tab 9 and a positive electrode lead tab 10 for taking out electrode terminals are drawn out, respectively. Except for the tips of the negative electrode lead tab 9 and the positive electrode lead tab 10, they are packaged with a laminate film 8. The inside of the laminate film 8 is filled with an electrolytic solution.
- Examples of the electrolyte solution include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate ( EMC), chain carbonates such as dipropyl carbonate (DPC), aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and ethyl propionate, ⁇ -lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,2-ethoxyethane (DEE), chain ethers such as ethoxymethoxyethane (EME), cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, acetamide, dimethylform Amide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, propyl nitrile
- lithium salt examples include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ). 2 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , lower aliphatic lithium carboxylate, lithium chloroborane, lithium tetraphenylborate, LiBr, LiI, LiSCN, LiCl, imides and the like. These may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together. Further, instead of the electrolytic solution, a polymer electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, or an ionic liquid may be used.
- the end-of-discharge voltage value of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery produced by the above-described method is preferably 1.5 V or more and 3.5 V or less.
- the discharge end voltage value is less than 1.5V, the deterioration of the discharge capacity due to repeated charge / discharge may be large, and setting it to less than 1.5V has a high degree of difficulty in circuit design.
- the voltage exceeds 3.5 V the absolute value of the discharge capacity is small, and there are cases where the merit for the carbon material cannot be obtained.
- the method for producing a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a step of producing a battery including at least the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and a step of degassing the battery after charging.
- the secondary battery is a laminated laminate type secondary battery
- the pressure applied between the electrodes is smaller than in the case of the wound type, so that when gas is generated during charging and discharging, gas accumulates between the electrodes and the capacity decreases.
- Example 1 (Preparation of negative electrode)
- An electrode material in which polyimide as a binder and NMP as a solvent were mixed with the negative electrode active material was applied onto a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and dried at 125 ° C. for 5 minutes. Thereafter, compression molding was performed with a roll press, and drying was performed again in a drying furnace at 350 ° C. for 30 minutes in an N 2 atmosphere. The copper foil on which the negative electrode active material layer was formed was punched out to 30 ⁇ 28 mm to produce a negative electrode. A negative electrode lead tab made of nickel for extracting electric charge was fused to the negative electrode by ultrasonic waves.
- the charge / discharge performance of the negative electrode was confirmed in advance.
- the charge / discharge performance was confirmed by checking the capacity characteristics between 1.5 V and 0.02 V using a model cell with metallic lithium as a counter electrode.
- the negative electrode active material was able to be charged with 2500 mAh / g by the first charge. Therefore, the value obtained by multiplying this value by the mass of the negative electrode active material is the initial charge capacity Y (mAh) of the negative electrode.
- ⁇ (mAh) The amount of Li corresponding to a value obtained by multiplying the irreversible capacity by the mass of the negative electrode active material.
- Li 2 MO 2 (M Cu , Ni) as the transition metal oxide represented by, using Li 2 CuO 2.
- the Li 2 CuO 2 used was synthesized by the following method. CuO and Li 2 CO 3 were mixed in a predetermined amount, calcined in air at 650 ° C. for 24 hours, and then calcined at 800 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain a sintered body of Li 2 CuO 2 . This was pulverized to obtain Li 2 CuO 2 powder. The process from mixing to pulverization was performed in a low humidity (dew point -30 ° C. or less).
- the amount of Li released by the Li 2 CuO 2 during the first charge was confirmed in advance.
- the confirmation was made by confirming the capacity characteristics between 4.3 V and 3.0 V using a model cell having metallic lithium as a counter electrode.
- the amount of Li released by Li 2 CuO 2 during the first charge showed 400 mAh / g as the first charge capacity.
- the charge / discharge capacity density (A) per mass of the lithium nickelate was 200 mAh / g.
- the charge capacity density (B) per mass of the Li 2 CuO 2 was 400 mAh / g. Therefore, A ⁇ B is satisfied.
- the positive electrode was produced as follows. First, an electrode material in which the lithium nickelate, the Li 2 CuO 2 , polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and NMP as a solvent were mixed was prepared. This was apply
- the charge / discharge performance of the positive electrode was confirmed in advance.
- the charge / discharge performance was confirmed by checking the capacity characteristics between 4.3 V and 3.0 V using a model cell with metallic lithium as a counter electrode.
- a mass ratio of 2 was selected.
- the charge / discharge test of the laminated laminate type secondary battery produced as described above was performed at a constant current of 3 mA, a charge end voltage of 4.2 V, and a discharge end voltage of 2.5 V.
- a hole was made in the laminate part of the secondary battery, the gas was vented, the holed part was sealed under vacuum, and then charge / discharge was performed.
- Table 1 shows the charge capacity (mAh / g) per total mass of the positive electrode active material layer during the first and second charge in the charge / discharge test.
- the capacity per mass of the negative electrode active material during the second charge is determined by the ratio of Y and Z.
- Table 2 shows the capacity per mass of the negative electrode active material during the second charge in Examples 1 to 4.
- the secondary battery according to the present embodiment has an extremely high capacity and a high energy density. It was confirmed that a secondary battery could be realized.
- Li 2 NiO 2 used was synthesized by the following method. NiO and Li 2 O were mixed in a predetermined amount and heated in a reducing atmosphere at 700 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain a target sintered body of Li 2 NiO 2 . This was pulverized to obtain Li 2 NiO 2 powder. The process from mixing to pulverization was performed in a low humidity (dew point -30 ° C. or less). When the powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the Li 2 NiO 2 powder, there was no impurity peak, and a planar four-coordinated MO 4 structure was included, and the side where the planar four-coordinated MO 4 structure was formed by two oxygen atoms facing each other was observed. It was confirmed that a shared one-dimensional chain was formed.
- the amount of Li released during the initial charge of Li 2 NiO 2 was confirmed in advance. The confirmation was made by confirming the capacity characteristics between 4.3 V and 3.0 V using a model cell having metallic lithium as a counter electrode. The amount of Li released during the initial charge of Li 2 NiO 2 was 450 mAh / g as the initial charge capacity. This value is ⁇ (mAh) per 1 g of Li 2 NiO 2 .
- the charge capacity density per mass of the Li 2 NiO 2 was 450 mAh / g. Therefore, A ⁇ B is satisfied. Furthermore, the charge / discharge performance of the positive electrode containing Li 2 NiO 2 was confirmed in advance. The method for measuring the charge / discharge performance is the same as in Example 1. From this value, Z (mAh) of the positive electrodes of Examples 5 to 8 was obtained.
- Example 17 a laminated laminate type secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the degassing was not performed after the initial charge in the charge / discharge test.
- Example 18 a battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a laminated secondary battery in which a laminate of a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode was wound was used. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Example 17 Although the capacity
- the secondary battery of Example 18 showed almost the same performance as the laminated laminate type secondary battery of Example 1.
- the secondary batteries according to Examples 19 to 26 do not satisfy ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , that is, have a relationship of ⁇ ⁇ . In the secondary battery, it was confirmed that the charge capacity during the second charge was reduced, but it was of no practical problem.
- the charge capacity per total mass of the positive electrode active material layer at the first and second charge was small.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態に係る負極活物質は、Si、Si酸化物及び炭素からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種である。Si酸化物としては、二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)が挙げられる。前記炭素としては、黒鉛、ハードカーボン等、充放電を行う炭素が挙げられる。これらは一種のみを用いてもよく、二種以上を併用してもよい。
本実施形態に係る正極活物質は、リチウムを吸蔵放出可能な酸化物とLi2MO2(MはCu及びNiの少なくとも一方である(以下、M=Cu、Niと示す))で表される遷移金属酸化物とを含む。
図1に、本実施形態に係る非水電解質二次電池の一例である積層ラミネート型二次電池の断面図を示す。図1に示す非水電解質二次電池は、銅箔等の負極集電体2と、負極集電体2上に形成された負極活物質層1とからなる負極3と、アルミニウム箔等の正極集電体5と、正極集電体5上に形成された正極活物質層4とからなる正極6と、がセパレータ7を介して対向配置され、積層されている構造を有する。セパレータ7としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン、フッ素樹脂等の多孔性フィルムを用いることができる。負極3と正極6からは、それぞれ電極端子取り出しのための負極リードタブ9、正極リードタブ10が引き出されている。負極リードタブ9、正極リードタブ10の先端を除いて、ラミネートフィルム8を用いて外装されている。ラミネートフィルム8の内部は電解液で満たされている。
(負極の作製)
本実施例では、負極活物質としてSi、SiO2、炭素(C)のモル比が1:1:0.8である混合物を用いた。Si原料としてはSi粉末、SiO2原料としてはSiO2粉末、炭素原料としては炭素粉末を用い、これらを混合して負極活物質とした。
本実施例では、リチウムを吸蔵放出可能な酸化物として粉末状のニッケル酸リチウムを用いた。該ニッケル酸リチウムについて、事前に充放電性能を確認した。充放電性能の確認は、金属リチウムを対極としたモデルセルにより、4.3V~3.0Vの間で容量特性の確認を行った。ニッケル酸リチウムの初回充電容量は200mAh/gであった。
前記負極、セパレータ、前記正極をこの順に、各活物質層がセパレータと対面するように積層した後、ラミネートフィルムではさみ、電解液を注液し、真空下にて封止することにより積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製した。なお電解液には、ECと、DECと、EMCとの体積比3:5:2の混合溶媒に1mol/LのLiPF6を溶解したものを用いた。
積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製する際、負極の初回充電容量Yと、正極の初回充電容量Zとの関係Y:Zを表1に示す値となるように、負極と正極の質量比を選択した。また、正極にはα=γとなるように正極活物質を混合した電極を用いた。それ以外は実施例1と同様に積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
Li2MO2(M=Cu、Ni)で表される遷移金属酸化物として、Li2NiO2を用いた。また、積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製する際、負極の初回充電容量Yと、正極の初回充電容量Zとの関係Y:Zを表3に示す値となるように、負極と正極の質量比を選択し、正極にはα=γとなるように正極活物質を混合した電極を用いた。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
負極活物質の初回不可逆容量に相当するLi量αと、Li2CuO2が初回充電時に放出するLi量γとの関係が、実施例9~12においてはα=2γ、実施例13~16においてはα=3γとなるように、負極活物質とLi2CuO2の質量比を選択した。また、積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製する際、負極の初回充電容量Yと、正極の初回充電容量Zとの関係Y:Zを表4、5に示す値となるように、負極と正極の質量比を選択した。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表4、5に示す。
実施例17では、実施例1と同様に積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製し、充放電試験において、初回充電後ガス抜きを行わなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様に評価を行った。また、実施例18では、正極、セパレータ、負極の積層体を巻回したラミネート型二次電池とした以外は実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表6に示す。
積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製する際、負極の初回充電容量Yと、正極の初回充電容量Zとの関係Y:Zを表7に示す値となるように、負極と正極の質量比を選択した。それ以外は実施例1と同様に積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表7に示す。
負極活物質の初回不可逆容量に相当するLi量αと、Li2CuO2が初回充電時に放出するLi量γとの関係が、実施例19~22においては2α=γ、実施例23~26においては5α=2γとなるように、負極活物質とLi2CuO2の質量比を選択した。また、積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製する際、負極の初回充電容量Yと、正極の初回充電容量Zとの関係Y:Zを表8、9に示す値となるように、負極と正極の質量比を選択した。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表8、9に示す。
正極活物質にニッケル酸リチウムのみを用い、積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製する際、負極の初回充電容量Yと、正極の初回充電容量Zとの関係Y:Zを表10に示す値となるように、負極と正極の質量比を選択した。それ以外は実施例1と同様に積層ラミネート型二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表10に示す。
2 負極集電体
3 負極
4 正極活物質層
5 正極集電体
6 正極
7 セパレータ
8 ラミネートフィルム
9 負極リードタブ
10 正極リードタブ
Claims (5)
- Si、Si酸化物及び炭素からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の負極活物質を含む負極と、正極とを備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極が、リチウムを吸蔵放出可能な酸化物と、Li2MO2(MはCu及びNiの少なくとも一方である)で表され、平面四配位MO4構造を含み、該平面四配位MO4構造が、向かい合う2つの酸素原子で形成される辺を共有した一次元鎖を形成している遷移金属酸化物と、を含む正極活物質を含み、
前記負極の初回充電容量をY、前記正極の初回充電容量をZとするとき、Z≦Yを満たす非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質の初回不可逆容量に相当するLi量をα、前記遷移金属酸化物が初回充電時に放出するLi量をγとするとき、γ≦αを満たす請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウムを吸蔵放出可能な酸化物の質量あたりの充放電容量密度をA、前記遷移金属酸化物の質量あたりの充電容量密度をBとするとき、A<Bを満たす請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質二次電池が積層ラミネート型二次電池である請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 請求項4に記載の非水電解質二次電池の製造方法であって、
少なくとも前記負極と、前記正極と、を備える電池を作製する工程と、
前記電池を充電後、ガス抜きを行う工程と、を含む非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。
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JP2014063645A (ja) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-04-10 | Kri Inc | リチウムイオン電池 |
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JP2015536541A (ja) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-12-21 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 高容量リチウム二次電池用正極添加剤 |
JPWO2014119229A1 (ja) * | 2013-01-30 | 2017-01-26 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2020516039A (ja) * | 2017-11-17 | 2020-05-28 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | リチウム二次電池用正極材に含まれる非可逆添加剤の製造方法、これにより製造された非可逆添加剤を含む正極材、および正極材を含むリチウム二次電池 |
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CN113555612B (zh) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-11-25 | 无锡零一未来新材料技术研究院有限公司 | 锂离子电池补锂添加剂前驱体材料及其制备方法 |
JP7213208B2 (ja) | 2020-08-11 | 2023-01-26 | プライムプラネットエナジー&ソリューションズ株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
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CN102947988B (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
EP2584634A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
EP2584634B1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
JPWO2011162090A1 (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
US20130101899A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
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