WO2011160578A1 - 一种两矿法生产电解金属锰的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种两矿法生产电解金属锰的方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2011160578A1
WO2011160578A1 PCT/CN2011/076040 CN2011076040W WO2011160578A1 WO 2011160578 A1 WO2011160578 A1 WO 2011160578A1 CN 2011076040 W CN2011076040 W CN 2011076040W WO 2011160578 A1 WO2011160578 A1 WO 2011160578A1
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manganese
leaching
solution
plate
ore
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French (fr)
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陈榜龙
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Chen Banglong
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B47/00Obtaining manganese
    • C22B47/0018Treating ocean floor nodules
    • C22B47/0045Treating ocean floor nodules by wet processes
    • C22B47/0054Treating ocean floor nodules by wet processes leaching processes
    • C22B47/0063Treating ocean floor nodules by wet processes leaching processes with acids or salt solutions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/08Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/22Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B47/00Obtaining manganese
    • C22B47/0018Treating ocean floor nodules
    • C22B47/0045Treating ocean floor nodules by wet processes
    • C22B47/0081Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C25C1/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions or iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese
    • C25C1/10Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions or iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese of chromium or manganese
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of an apparatus and a method for electrolyzing manganese metal, in particular to an improved apparatus and method for producing electrolytic manganese metal by a two-mine method. Background technique
  • manganese and its compounds are used in various fields of the national economy.
  • the steel industry is the most important field, accounting for 90% ⁇ 95% of manganese, mainly used as a deoxidizer and desulfurizer in iron making and steel making, and used to make alloys.
  • the remaining 10% to 5% of manganese is used in other industrial fields, such as the chemical industry (manufacturing various manganese-containing salts), light industry (for batteries, matches, paints, soaps, etc.), building materials industry (glass and ceramics). Colorants and fading agents), the defense industry, the electronics industry, as well as environmental protection and agriculture, and so on.
  • manganese has a strategically important position in the national economy.
  • the metal manganese is mainly extracted by thermal method (fire method) and electrolysis method (wet method).
  • the thermal production (metal manganese) purity is not more than 95 ⁇ 98%, while the pure metal manganese is prepared by electrolysis.
  • Electrolytic manganese metal is obtained by acid leaching of manganese ore to obtain manganese salt, and then sent to the electrolytic cell to resolve the elemental metal. Appears like iron, irregularly shaped, firm and brittle, one side bright, the other side is rough, silvery white to brown, silvery gray after processing into powder; easily oxidized in air, dissolved and displaced in case of dilute acid Hydrogen, at temperatures slightly above room temperature, decomposes water and releases hydrogen.
  • manganese sulfate is first produced.
  • Production is restricted by manganese ore content.
  • High-grade manganese ore with a manganese content of 34% or more is required to produce manganese sulfate products with a manganese content of 98-99%, such as a low grade with a manganese content of 10-20%.
  • Manganese ore can only produce products with a manganese-rich content of less than 96%;
  • Patent documents and/or patent application documents also disclose several methods for producing electrolytic manganese by two-mine method and method for producing electrolytic manganese using low-grade manganese ore two-mine method Or the preparation process of manganese sulfate, but the above methods have the following deficiencies:
  • the purification and impurity removal technology after the preparation of the manganese sulfate solution is not solved.
  • the process technology of electrolytic production of manganese sulfate obtained by the two-mine method is unstable, the production process is long, environmental protection, high energy consumption, high production cost, metal manganese Low yield;
  • the metal manganese product produced by the above technology has high C and S content and low purity
  • the manganese sulfate solution is not subjected to deep purification, and the effect of reducing impurities in the electrolytic solution on the electrolysis process is not removed, and the product quality is lowered;
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the prior art that the purification and impurity removal technology after the preparation of the manganese sulfate solution is not solved, and the process technology of electrolytic production of manganese sulfate obtained by the two-mine method is unstable, and the production process is long and not Environmental protection, high energy consumption, high production costs, and low yield of manganese metal.
  • the invention provides an improved apparatus and method for producing electrolytic manganese metal by the two-mine method, successfully solves the purification and impurity removal technology of the manganese sulfate solution, obtains the qualified solution meeting the electrolysis requirement, thereby achieving the stable technical process of the electrolytic production, and the production process Short, environmentally friendly, energy saving, production This low, manganese metal recovery rate increased by 10 ⁇ 15%.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing electrolytic manganese metal by an improved two-mine method, the method comprising the steps of: leaching, purifying, deep purification and electrolysis;
  • the two ore raw materials for electrolyzing manganese metal by the two-mine method are: low-grade manganese oxide ore and low-grade iron ore;
  • the low-grade manganese oxide ore is: manganese oxide ore having a manganese content of 15 to 25%;
  • the low-grade pyrite is: tailings pyrite or primary pyrite of non-ferrous metal ore dressing; wherein, the content is 25-30%.
  • the step of leaching may include:
  • the manganese oxide ore with a manganese content of 15 ⁇ 25% is used as the raw material, and the non-ferrous metal tailings containing S25 ⁇ 30% and containing Fe ⁇ 45% are selected as the reducing agent raw materials;
  • the two ores are ground to a size of 80-130 mesh ore powder, and the anolyte is mixed and heated directly to 90-100 °C in a sulfuric acid solution of 85-120 g/l; wherein, according to the parts by weight, manganese ore powder: stone iron Mineral powder: the ratio of sulphuric acid is 1:0.30-0.5:0.40-0.50;
  • the step of purifying may include:
  • Oxidation neutralization and iron removal adjust the pH value of the slurry after leaching to 4.0-5.0 with ammonia water, add manganese ore powder to oxidize FeS04 to form Fe2(SO)3 according to the amount of Fe+ 2 in the liquid;
  • the crude manganese sulfate solution is vulcanized with a vulcanizing agent to remove heavy metal impurities, and is subjected to pressure filtration to obtain a liquid.
  • the step of deep purification may include:
  • the sulfurized and purified solution is deeply purified by using a strong oxidant discharge manganese powder and/or ammonium persulfate/hydrogen peroxide as a purifying agent, and the reducing impurities are oxidized to convert the reducing impurities into a solution of elemental element ions;
  • the aluminum sulfate reagent is used for flocculation and sedimentation for 24-48 hours, and selenium is added after pressure filtration to obtain a qualified new liquid for electrolysis.
  • the step of electrolyzing may include:
  • the solution treated in the deep purification step is added to Se and configured as: Mnl8-23g/l, (NH4) 2SO4100-120g / l, Se30-50mg / l of the bathing solution; adjust the pH value to pH 7.0-7.5 with aqueous ammonia solution;
  • the current intensity is gradually increased. After 4-8 hours of energization, the current intensity rises to the set operation value;
  • the electrolysis cycle is 24 hours.
  • the electrolysis operation control conditions are preferably as follows:
  • Catholyte Mnl5-18 g/L, (NH4)2S04 110-120 g/L PH 6.5-7.5;
  • Anolyte Mnl5-18 g/L, (NH4)2S04 110-120 g/L H2S04 38-45g/L; cathode current density: 340-380A/m2; cell voltage: 4.3-4.8V;
  • Electrolytic additive Se02, containing Se 20-40mg/L;
  • the step of leaching may include:
  • the amount of Mn contained in the leachate is detected, and when the amount of Mn reaches a set concentration, the leaching ends;
  • Manganese ore powder iron ore: the mass ratio of acidity is 1:0.3 ⁇ 0.5:0.38 ⁇ 0.5;
  • the present invention also provides an apparatus for producing electrolytic manganese metal, the apparatus comprising: a milling device, a leaching device, a filter press device, a vulcanization tank, a purification tank, a deep purification tank, a sinking tank, Air compressor, conditioning tank and electrolyzer.
  • the milling device may be: a 3R, 4R or 5R Raymond mill;
  • the leaching device may be: a leaching tank equipped with a paddle stirring member;
  • the electrolytic cell is preferably made of square wood, and has a wooden bottom.
  • the two sides of the electrolytic cell are provided with serpentine cooling water pipes made of stainless steel pipes, and each electrolytic cell is provided with one or more sets of anode frames.
  • Each of the electrolytic cells is provided with a cathode plate N block and an anode plate N+1 block; wherein N is a positive integer.
  • the cathode plate may be a stainless steel plate;
  • the anode plate may be a lead, bismuth, tin, silver quaternary alloy plate;
  • the ratio of the effective area of the anode plate to the effective area of the cathode plate is 0.6:1.0;
  • the cathode plate After the cathode plate is electrolyzed, it becomes a cathode manganese plate; the cathode manganese plate is passivated by the following method in use: the passivating agent is an aqueous solution of potassium dichromate, the concentration is 3%, and each cathode is taken out when the groove is adjusted.
  • the passivating agent is an aqueous solution of potassium dichromate, the concentration is 3%, and each cathode is taken out when the groove is adjusted.
  • Manganese plate immediately pass the passivation solution to form an oxide film on the manganese metal table, so that the manganese plate is not oxidized and blackened in the air, and does not affect the product quality;
  • the manganese plate After scalding, the manganese plate is air-dried and peeled off to obtain a sheet metal manganese product, which is then packaged into a warehouse.
  • the cathode plate after demanganization is treated as follows: the plate of residual manganese is not attached, and is used after scrubbing; The residual manganese plate is placed in the anolyte tank to be immersed. After the residual manganese is dissolved, the nitric acid solution is rubbed, and then rinsed with water to be used;
  • the cathode plate that is not bright (white, hairy) is electroplated and polished for use.
  • the method and device for producing electrolytic manganese metal by the improved two-mine method of the invention belong to pure wet metallurgy process, and the industrial production test shows that the production process is mature, the technology is advanced and reliable, and the product quality is high, especially the product contains C, S, impurities. low.
  • the method improves the labor conditions of workers and has a short production process, which is an environmentally friendly and energy-saving production process.
  • the production practice carries out deep purification on the manganese sulfate solution, and removes the influence of reducing impurities in the solution on the electrolysis process, thereby achieving normal production of electrolysis and improving product quality.
  • This method has in particular created a route for the development and utilization of low grade meta-manganese ore and non-ferrous metal ore dressing tailings (pyrite). Furthermore, low-quality manganese oxide ore and pyrite have a wide source and low price, so the production cost is low, and the recovery rate of manganese metal is 10-15% higher than that of the conventional process.
  • 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing electrolytic manganese metal by a modified two-mine method according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the method for producing electrolytic manganese metal by the two-mine method of the invention is carried out according to the following steps: fine grinding of ore, mixing of ingredients, leaching, purification, deep purification, and electrolysis.
  • the above leaching step comprises: using manganese oxide ore as a raw material, pyrite as a reducing agent, and two kinds of mineral powder (particle size 100% is 80-130 mesh) According to the ratio, it is mixed with the anolyte and directly leached in a sulfuric acid solution by heating and stirring.
  • the manganese is MnS0 4 and the iron is Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 into the solution.
  • the invention improves the working conditions of workers and creates a way for the development and utilization of low-grade manganese oxide ore and non-ferrous metal ore dressing tailings (pyrite). After many years of production test, the invention successfully solves the purification and impurity removal technology of the manganese sulfate solution, obtains the qualified solution meeting the electrolysis requirement, thereby achieving the stable technical process of the electrolytic production, short production process, environmental protection, energy saving, low production cost. , manganese metal recovery rate increased by 10 ⁇ 15%.
  • the two-mine method for producing electrolytic manganese metal is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the raw material is manganese oxide ore (low-grade manganese oxide ore containing Mnl 5 ⁇ 25%).
  • the reducing agent is pyrite (tailing or primary pyrite of non-ferrous metal ore dressing).
  • the manganese ore is prepared by grinding to prepare fine-grained manganese ore powder.
  • the 3R, 4R and 5R Raymond mills are used as the milling machine.
  • the machine has a particle separation device, which can adjust the particle size and output of the produced powder;
  • the main chemical composition of manganese ore powder required to contain Mnl5 ⁇ 25%
  • the main chemical composition of pyrite It is required to contain S25 ⁇ 30%, Fe35 ⁇ 40%, and the lower the content of other impurity elements (Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, etc.), the better, which can reduce the consumption of impurities.
  • the leaching tank is the main equipment of this operation. In order to meet the requirements of producing 20,000 tons of production process, 7 leaching tanks equipped with paddle type stirring device are selected, the volume of which is 300m 3 / tank, and 7 sets are selected. (Effective volume 300 m 3 / tank) The leaching tank is equipped with a paddle stirring device.
  • Leaching time At the end of the feeding, the pulp is heated to 90 ° C, the timing starts, and the leaching is 2 ⁇ 4 hours.
  • MeO+3 ⁇ 4S0 4 MeS0 4 +3 ⁇ 40
  • MeO is an oxide of heavy metals (Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, etc.).
  • Oxidation neutralization and iron removal of leaching slurry After leaching, the pH value of the slurry is 2.5 ⁇ 3.0, and the sample is qualitatively analyzed for Fe 2+ ions. According to the content of Fe 2+ , the pH value of the slurry is adjusted to 4.5 ⁇ 5.0 with ammonia water, then Add appropriate amount of manganese ore powder to the leaching tank for oxidation, stir and oxidize for 20 to 30 minutes, sample and analyze Fe 2+ qualitatively, until Fe 2+ meets the qualified requirements, and then adjust the pH value of the slurry to 6.0-6.5 with ammonia water.
  • Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 in the leachate can be completely hydrolyzed to form Fe(OH) 3 precipitate in the leaching residue to achieve the purpose of removing iron, and Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 is hydrolyzed by the following reaction:
  • Equipment overview Pressure filter equipment 400m 2 four sets, 200m 2 four sets, Shi Kehua pool 300m 3 four, purification pool 300m 3 ten, deep purification pool 300m 3 ten, Shen Qing pool 300m 3 eight, Two air compressors are 8m 3 and two adjustment tanks are 2m 3 .
  • the vulcanizing agents used in addition to heavy metal impurities are: saturated ammonium sulfide, barium sulphide (BaS), sodium sulphate (S.D.D.), ethyl sulphide, etc., and RS represents a vulcanizing agent.
  • the heavy metal impurities (Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, etc.) remaining in the manganese sulfate solution obtained by pressure filtration must be vulcanized by adding a vulcanizing agent to cause sulfide precipitation to be removed.
  • the main chemical reaction formula is:
  • the main technical conditions of vulcanization and impurity removal the solution temperature is 50 ⁇ 65 °C, the dosage of vulcanizing agent is determined by experiment. Our actual operation is as follows: The amount of ammonium sulfide (including N3 ⁇ 48%) is taken as an example: per cubic leaching solution consumes 2Kg of ammonium sulfide.
  • the vulcanization of manganese sulfate solution can be carried out in a special stirred vulcanization tank. Instead, we add ammonium sulphate to the chute of the pressure filtrate, and add the chlorination solution of the ammonium hydride solution to the storage tank. Then use air compressor to blow the wind for 20 ⁇ 30 minutes, and take the liquid to analyze the heavy metal content. When the qualitative analysis of Ni, CO and Zn is qualified, the pressure filtration is carried out, the special residue of the filter residue is piled up, and the filtrate is deeply purified.
  • the vanadium sulfate solution vulcanizes the heavy metal impurities in the pressure filtrate containing reducing impurity ions, which has adverse effects on the electrolysis operation and even prevents the electrolysis from being produced normally, and seriously affects the product quality. Therefore, the post-vulcanization pressure filtrate must be deeply purified to remove the reducing property. Impurity ions, so that the formation of elemental ions suspended in the solution, and then add flocculant to the solution, flocculation, and again into the Shenqing pool to clear more than 24 hours (the longer the time is more conducive to electrolysis) and then filter. During the pressure filtration process, an appropriate amount of selenium is added to the liquid to obtain a semen that meets the electrolysis requirements. 1.
  • the amount of deep purifying agent (hydrogen peroxide) is added according to the volume of the liquid after vulcanization, adding 0.25-0.35 kg of hydrogen peroxide per cubic meter.
  • the hydrogen peroxide is formulated into a 20-40% aqueous solution, and added dropwise after vulcanization.
  • the filtrate filtrate chute the filtrate flows to the reservoir, and after standing for 4 hours, it is sufficiently oxidized to oxidize the reducing impurity ions into elemental ions, and then flocculation and sedimentation.
  • the flocculant is selected from aluminum oxide.
  • the dosage is 0.1 ⁇ 0.15Kg/m 3 solution.
  • the aluminum acid is dissolved into an aqueous solution by water, added to the static storage tank, and the air is stirred for 4 to 5 minutes. After 24 to 48 hours of standing, it is subjected to fine pressure filtration.
  • an appropriate amount of electrolytic additive is added according to the requirements of the new liquid, and the specific addition amount is 10-15 mg/l Se.
  • Mn36 ⁇ 40g/l Co ⁇ 1 mg/l, Ni ⁇ 1 mg/l, Zn ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ lmg/l,
  • Electrolytic production of manganese metal is carried out in a neutral MnS0 4 ⁇ (N3 ⁇ 4) 2 S0 4 ⁇ H 2 0 system of manganese sulfate aqueous solution, the anode is placed in the diaphragm frame, and the manganese is deposited on the cathode during the electrolysis process. the amount of precipitated oxygen and Mn0 2. practice pressing step.
  • Catholyte Mnl5 ⁇ 18g/l, (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 100 ⁇ 120g/l, Se25 ⁇ 30mg/l, PH6. 5 ⁇ 7. 5.
  • Anolyte Mnl 5 ⁇ 18g / l, (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 100 ⁇ 120g / l, H 2 S0 4 38 ⁇ 45g / l.
  • the cathode current density is 340 ⁇ 380A/m 2
  • the cell voltage is 4. 3 ⁇ 4. 8V
  • the bath temperature is 38 ⁇ 45 °C
  • the same name is 70mm
  • the electrolysis cycle is 24 hours.
  • Use lead, antimony, tin, silver quaternary alloy plate as anode plate, anode length X width X thickness 665 X 470 X 7. 9 ( mm ), there are 50 holes on the plate, the length of each hole is long 86 X width 28. 3 ( mm ).
  • the ratio of the effective area of the anode plate to the effective area of the cathode plate 0. 6 1. 0.
  • the cathode manganese In order to prevent metal manganese from being oxidized and degraded in the air, the cathode manganese must be passivated.
  • the passivating agent is an aqueous solution of potassium dichromate, the concentration is 3%.
  • the manganese plate After passivation, the manganese plate is rinsed with water, the surface passivation agent is washed away, and then washed in hot water at 80 ⁇ 100 °C to wash away the impurities such as ammonium sulfate crystallized on the manganese plate. After scalding, the manganese plate is air-dried and peeled off to obtain a sheet metal manganese product, which is then packaged into a warehouse (ton of bag packaging). The product quality has been tested and analyzed to meet the requirements of the general grade DJMnD quality standard for electrolytic manganese industry standard (YB-T051-2003). 4-4.
  • Cathodic plate treatment after demanganization as the case may be: Plates with no residual manganese attached, used after scrubbing; adhered to the residual manganese plate and placed in the anolyte tank for soaking After the residual manganese is dissolved, rub the nitric acid solution, then rinse it with water and set it aside.
  • the non-bright cathode plate is electroplated and polished for use.
  • another method for producing electrolytic manganese metal by a two-mine method is provided, which is carried out according to the steps of: leaching, purification, deep purification, and electrolysis, wherein:
  • the crude manganese sulfate solution is added with an appropriate amount of vulcanizing agent (ammonium sulfide, BaS, S ⁇ D ⁇ D, ethyl sulfur nitrogen) to remove heavy metal impurities (Ni, Co. Zn. Cn, etc.)
  • vulcanizing agent ammonium sulfide, BaS, S ⁇ D ⁇ D, ethyl sulfur nitrogen
  • the liquid after vulcanization is obtained by pressure filtration.
  • Electrolytic operation control conditions are as follows: Inlet solution: Mn35- 40 g/L, (should be 4 ) 2 S0 4 100-120 g/L PH 6.5-7.0; Catholyte: Mnl5- 18 g/L, (cis 4 2 S0 4 110-120 g/L PH 6.5-7.5; anolyte: Mnl5- 18 g/L, (cis 4 ) 2 S0 4 110-120 g/L H2S04 38-45g/L; cathode current density: 340_380A /m2; Cell voltage: 4.3-4.8V; bath temperature: 38-45 °C; Electrolyte additive: Se0 2 , containing Se 20-40mg/L; Electrolysis cycle: 24 hours.
  • Manganese cathode plate treatment Remove the manganese cathode plate, immediately passivate, prevent the product from being oxidized, reduce the quality, passivate the plate, rinse with water first, then scald, then air dry, peel off, get the film Product, packaged into the warehouse.
  • the cathode plate is treated.
  • the cathode plate with residual manganese is firstly immersed in the anolyte for a while, and then taken out and rinsed with water to be immersed in nitric acid for a while, then washed with water for use.
  • the cathode plate without residual manganese is scrubbed clean with water and ready for use.
  • the slurry is subjected to pressure filtration to obtain a crude manganese sulphate solution; the slag is crushed by filtration to obtain a crude manganese sulphate solution.
  • the crude manganese sulfate solution is vulcanized to remove heavy metal impurities (N i , Co. Zn. Cu, etc.), and the crude manganese sulfate solution is vulcanized to remove heavy metal impurities (Ni, Co. Zn. Cn, etc.). Pressurization is carried out to obtain a solution.
  • Electrolytic manganese metal products up to the national standard (GB3418-82. 99. 7% Mn) were obtained by electrolysis.
  • the ratio of 4 is directly heated to 90-1 00 °C in sulfuric acid solution, and leached for 3 hours.
  • the pH of the slurry is adjusted to 4. 0 ⁇ 5. 0.
  • Fe 2 (S0) ⁇ J solution to form Fe ( 0H ) 3 Precipitated in the leaching slag, the slurry is subjected to pressure filtration to obtain a crude manganese sulfate solution; the slag is crushed by filtration to obtain a crude manganese sulfate solution.
  • the crude manganese sulfate solution is vulcanized to remove heavy metal impurities (Ni, Co. Zn. Cu, etc.), and is subjected to pressure filtration to obtain a liquid.
  • Electrolytic manganese metal products up to the national standard (GB3418-82. 99. 7% Mn) were obtained by electrolysis.
  • the ratio of 45 is directly heated to 90-100 ° C in a sulfuric acid solution, and leached for 4 hours, and the slurry is neutralized by oxidation and iron removal. Adjust the pH value of the slurry with ammonia water to 6.5, Fe 2 (S0) ⁇ to form Fe ( OH ) 3 precipitated in the leaching slag, and the slurry is filtered to obtain a crude solution of manganese citrate, and the slag is crushed by filtration. ⁇ Manganese acid solution. The crude manganese acid solution is added with a sulfurizing agent to remove heavy metal impurities (Ni, Co. Zn. Cn, etc.), and is subjected to pressure filtration to obtain a vulcanized liquid.
  • the above various process parameters have an effect on improving the conversion rate of manganese ore and the lowest consumption of raw materials. Among them, the process conditions of the fifth example are the best, the yield is the highest, and the energy consumption is low.
  • the product obtained by electrolysis of the electrolyte prepared according to the above embodiment is passivated, washed, scalded, air-dried, and peeled off to obtain a sheet-like product, and the quality conforms to the national standard (GB3418-82, 99.7%).
  • the improved two-mine method for producing electrolytic manganese metal is a pure wet metallurgy process.
  • the industrial production test from 2005 to 2009 shows that the production process is mature, the technology is advanced and reliable, and the product quality is high, especially the product contains C, S, impurities. low.
  • the method improves the working conditions of workers, has a short production process, and is actually environmentally friendly and energy-saving.
  • Production process carries out deep purification on the manganese sulfate solution, removes the influence of reducing impurities in the solution on the electrolysis process, thereby achieving normal production of electrolysis and improving product quality.
  • the method especially creates a way for the development and utilization of low-grade manganese oxide ore and non-ferrous metal ore dressing tailings (pyrite). Furthermore, low-quality manganese oxide ore and pyrite have a wide range of sources and low prices, so the production cost is low, and the recovery rate of manganese metal is 65%-67%.

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Description

说 明 书 一种两矿法生产电解金属锰的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电解金属锰的装置和方法技术领域,特别涉及一种改进型 两矿法生产电解金属锰的装置及方法。 背景技术
在现代工业中,锰及其化合物应用于国民经济的各个领域。其中钢铁 工业是最重要的领域, 用锰量占 90 % ~ 95 % , 主要作为炼铁和炼钢过程 中的脱氧剂和脱硫剂, 以及用来制造合金。 其余 10 % ~ 5 %的锰用于其他 工业领域, 如化学工业(制造各种含锰盐类)、轻工业(用于电池、 火柴、 印漆、 制皂等)、 建材工业(玻璃和陶瓷的着色剂和褪色剂)、 国防工业、 电子工业, 以及环境保护和农牧业, 等等。 总之, 锰在国民经济中具有十 分重要的战略地位。
锰在钢铁工业上的应用是各国冶金学家几十年不懈努力的结果。1875 年以后, 欧洲各国开始用高炉生产含锰 15 % ~ 30 %的镜铁和含锰达 80 % 的锰铁。 1890年用电炉生产锰铁, 1898年用铝热法生产金属锰, 并发展 了电炉脱硅精炼法生产低碳锰铁。 1939年开始用电解法生产金属锰。
金属锰的提炼方式主要有热法(火法)和电解法(湿法)两种, 热法 生产 (金属锰) 纯度不超过 95 ~ 98 % , 而纯的金属锰则是由电解法制备
(电解金属锰), 其纯度可达 99.7 ~ 99.9 %以上。 现在, 电解法生产已成 为金属锰生产的主要方式。 电解金属锰是用锰矿石经酸浸出获得锰盐,再 送电解槽电解析出的单质金属。 外观似铁, 呈不规则片状, 质坚而脆, 一 面光亮, 另一面粗糙, 为银白色到褐色, 加工为粉末后呈银灰色; 在空气 中易氧化, 遇稀酸时溶解并置换出氢, 在略高于室温时, 可分解水而放出 氢气。
电解锰的过程中, 先制得硫酸锰。 现有硫酸锰溶液的生产方法是: 用 破碎机将锰矿石破碎到 30mm 以下的颗粒, 再用干式磨机将锰矿磨成一 100 目的矿粉, 再把含 S>=32 %的硫铁矿粉, 粒度 80— 100 目, 与锰矿 粉按照一定比例配制,再加水、加硫酸。 经过加热反应、除铁、除重金属、 中和、 压滤. 制得石克酸锰溶液。
这种传统工艺方法存在如下不足之处:
1、 生产受锰矿石含量的制约需用含锰量在 34 %以上的高品位锰矿才 能生产出锰含量认 98-99 %的硫酸锰产品, 如用含锰量在 10-20 %的低品 位锰矿只能生产出的充酸锰含量在 96 %以下的产品;
2、 生产成本高、 能耗高: 每生产 1吨硫酸锰需耗煤 1.2-1.5 :
3、 锰回收率低: 锰回收率最高仅为 60 - 65 %。
中国发明专利 (以下为专利申请号或专利号) CN91102845 , CN
92112673 , CN 200510020913 , CN 200710192608 , CN 200710192613 , CN 200810058946等专利文件和 /或专利申请文件也分别公开了几种两矿 法生产电解锰的方法以及使用低品位锰矿石两矿法生产电解锰的方法或 是硫酸锰的制备工艺, 但是上述方法存在以下不足之处:
1、 没有解决制得硫酸锰溶液之后的净化除杂技术, 通过两矿法获得 的硫酸锰电解生产的工艺技术不稳定, 生产流程长、 不环保、 能耗高、 生 产成本高, 金属锰的收率低;
2、 用上述技术生产出的金属锰产品含 C、 S量高, 纯度低;
3、 生产技术中对硫酸锰溶液未实行深度净化, 未清除电解溶液中还 原性杂质对电解过程的影响, 降低了产品质量;
4、 在两矿法电解过程中, 对硫铁矿的要求较高, 釆用含硫量高的硫 铁矿, 对环境影响大, 生产成本高;
5、 锰金属回收率低, 锰金属的回收率仅为 60% ~ 63%。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,克服了现有技术中没有解决制得硫 酸锰溶液之后的净化除杂技术,通过两矿法获得的硫酸锰电解生产的工艺 技术不稳定, 生产流程长、 不环保、 能耗高、 生产成本高, 金属锰的收率 低等问题。提供了一种改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰的装置及方法,成功 地解决了硫酸锰溶液的净化除杂技术,获得符合电解要求的合格溶液,从 而达到电解生产的工艺技术稳定, 生产流程短、 环保、 节能降耗、 生产成 本低, 锰的金属回收率提高 10 ~ 15%。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种改进型两矿法生产电解金属 锰的方法, 所述方法包括以下步骤: 浸出、 净化、 深度净化和电解;
所述两矿法电解金属锰的两种矿石原料分别为:低品位氧化锰矿和低 品位疏铁矿;
所述低品位氧化锰矿为: 锰含量为 15~25%的氧化锰矿石;
所述低品位硫铁矿为: 有色金属矿选矿的尾矿硫铁矿或原生硫铁矿; 其中, 的含量为 25~30%。
所述浸出的步骤可以包括:
以锰含量为 15~25%的氧化锰矿石为原料, 选取含 S25~30%、 含 Fe30~45%的有色金属矿尾矿为还原剂原料;
将两种矿石研磨为粒度 80-130 目的矿粉, 阳极液混合, 直接在 85-120g/l的硫酸溶液中加热至 90-100 °C ; 其中, 按照重量份数比锰矿粉: 石克铁矿粉:石克酸的比例为 1 :0.30-0.5:0.40-0.50;
搅拌浸出 2-4小时。
所述净化的步骤可以包括:
氧化中和除铁: 用氨水调整浸出后的矿浆 PH值至 4.0-5.0,按液中含 Fe+2的量加入锰矿粉氧化 FeS04生成 Fe2(SO)3;
再用氨水调整矿浆 PH值至 6-7 , Fe2(SO)3水解生成 Fe ( OH ) 3沉淀 于浸出渣中, 矿浆经压滤制得粗^ 酸锰溶液;
硫化除重金属杂质:所述的粗硫酸锰溶液添加硫化剂硫化除去重金属 杂质, 经压滤得到^ 化后液。
所述深度净化的步骤可以包括:
将硫化净化后的溶液, 釆用强氧化剂放电锰粉和 /或过硫酸铵 /双氧水 做净化剂进行深度净化,氧化除去还原性杂质,使还原性杂质转变成单质 元素离子存在溶液中;
再用硫酸铝试剂进行絮凝沉清 24-48小时,压滤后加入硒后, 获得供 电解用的合格新液。
所述电解的步骤可以包括:
将深度净化步骤处理过的溶液, 加入 Se , 配置为: Mnl8-23g/l , (NH4)2SO4100-120g/l, Se30-50mg/l的开槽液; 用氨水溶液调节 PH值至 PH7.0-7.5;
通电进行电解, 电流强度逐渐升高, 通电 4-8小时后, 电流强度升到 设定操作值;
电解周期为 24小时。
所述电解操作控制条件优选如下:
进槽液: Mn35-40 g/L,(NH4)2S04 100-120 g/L PH 6.5-7.0;
阴极液: Mnl5-18 g/L, (NH4)2S04 110-120 g/L PH 6.5-7.5;
阳极液: Mnl5-18 g/L, (NH4)2S04 110-120 g/L H2S04 38-45g/L; 阴极电流密度: 340-380A/m2; 槽电压: 4.3-4.8V;
槽液温度: 38-45 °C ;
电解添加剂: Se02 , 含 Se 20-40mg/L;
电解周期: 24小时。
所述浸出的步骤可以包括:
先往浸出槽中注入阳极液,当阳极液没过第一道搅拌叶片后开动搅拌 机, 然后开始往浸出槽中投放锰矿粉和硫铁矿粉, 并补加硫酸, 开蒸汽加 热矿浆, 当矿浆温度达 90 °C , 开始计算时间;
检测浸出液的含 Mn量, 当含 Mn量达到设定的浓度后, 浸出结束; 其中,
锰矿粉:疏铁矿:疏酸质量比为 1 :0.3~0.5:0.38~0.5;
浸出矿浆温度 90~100°C ;
浸出时间: 投料结束,矿浆升温到 90°C , 开始计时, 浸出 2 ~ 4小时。 为解决上述技术问题, 本发明还提供了一种生产电解金属锰的装置, 所述装置包括: 制粉设备、 浸出设备、 压滤设备、 硫化池、 净化池、 深净 化池、 沉清池、 空气压缩机、 调剂桶和电解槽。
所述制粉设备可以为: 3R、 4R或 5R型的雷蒙磨机;
所述 浸出设备可以为: 装有浆叶式搅拌部件的浸出槽;
所述电解槽优选用方木制成, 内有木制 4叚底,所述电解槽内部两侧装 有不锈钢管制作的蛇形冷却水管, 每个电解槽设置有一组或多组阳极框, 每个电解槽内设置有阴极板 N块, 阳极板 N+1块; 其中, N为正整数。 所述阴极板可以为不锈钢板;
所述阳极板可以为铅、 锑、 锡、 银四元合金板;
所述阳极板优选有效面积与阴极板有效面积之比 0.6:1.0;
所述阴极板电解后,成为阴极锰板; 所述阴极锰板在使用中被釆用如 下方法钝化处理: 钝化剂为重铬酸钾水溶液, 浓度 3%, 调槽时每取出一 块阴极锰板, 立即蘸一下钝化液, 使金属锰表生成一层氧化膜, 达到锰板 在空气中不被氧化变黑, 不影响产品质量;
钝化后的锰板, 用清水冲洗, 洗去表面的钝化剂, 然后再放入 80 ~ 100 °c烫水中烫洗, 洗去锰板上结晶的硫酸铵等杂质;
烫洗后锰板经风干、 剥离, 获得片状金属锰产品, 然后包装入库; 脱锰后的阴极板处理为: 不附着残锰的极板, 经擦洗后待用; 附着有 剥离不下来残锰板放到阳极液槽浸泡, 残锰溶解完后, 蘸一下硝酸液, 再 清水擦洗后待用;
不光亮 (发白、 发毛) 的阴极板进行电镀抛光后待用。
本发明改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰的方法及其装置,属纯湿法冶金 工艺, 工业生产试验表明, 生产工艺成熟, 技术先进可靠, 产品质量高, 尤其是产品含 C、 S, 杂质低。 本方法与氧化锰矿生产电解锰的传统工艺 比较, 改善了工人的劳动条件, 生产流程短, 实为环保节能的生产工艺方 法。生产实践对硫酸锰溶液实行深度净化,清除了溶液中还原性杂质对电 解过程的影响,从而达到电解正常生产,提高产品质量。 本方法尤其为低 品位贫氧化锰矿和有色金属矿选矿的尾矿(硫铁矿 )的开发利用创造了途 径。 再者低品氧化锰矿和硫铁矿来源广, 价格低, 所以生产成本低, 并且 锰金属回收率比传统工艺提高 10 ~ 15%。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例中改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰方法的流程图。 具体实施方式
本发明两矿法生产电解金属锰的方法, 是按: 矿石细磨、 配料混合、 浸出、 净化、 深度净化、 电解的工艺步骤进行。 上述的浸出步骤包括: 以 氧化锰矿为原料, 硫铁矿为还原剂, 两种矿粉(粒度 100%为 80-130目) 按配比与阳极液混合, 直接在硫酸溶液中加热搅拌浸出, 锰呈 MnS04, 铁呈 Fe2(S04)3进入溶液。 本发明改善了工人劳动条件, 为低品位氧化锰 矿和有色金属矿选矿尾矿(硫铁矿 )的开发利用创造了途径。 本发明经过 多年生产试验,成功地解决了硫酸锰溶液的净化除杂技术,获得符合电解 要求的合格溶液,从而达到电解生产的工艺技术稳定,生产流程短、环保、 节能降耗、 生产成本低, 锰的金属回收率提高 10 ~ 15%。
在本发明的一实施例中, 两矿法生产电解金属锰按以下步骤进行: 原料为氧化锰矿 (低品位氧化锰矿含 Mnl5~25% ) 。
还原剂为硫铁矿 (有色金属矿选矿的尾矿或原生硫铁矿 ) 。
一、 锰矿粉的制备加工
1、 制备锰矿粉的机械设备
锰矿石经过磨矿制备细粒锰矿粉, 本工艺选用 3R、 4R、 5R型 的雷蒙磨机为制粉机械。 本机具有粒析装置, 可调节产出粉的粒度 和产量;
2、 锰矿粉和还原剂的粒度要求
通过实验和生产实践, 为生产获得较满意的技术经济指标, 锰矿粉和硫铁矿细度要求 100%过 80 ~ 130目筛孔为理想;
3、 锰矿粉和还原剂的主要化学成分
锰矿粉的主要化学成分: 要求含 Mnl5~25%
硫铁矿主要化学成分: 要求含 S25~30%, Fe35~40%, 其它杂 质元素(Co、 Ni、 Zn、 Cu等)含量越低越好, 这样可减少除 杂试剂消耗。
二、 锰矿粉的浸出制液作业
1、 浸出设备概述
浸出槽是本作业的主要设备,为满足生产 2万吨生产工艺的要 求, 选用了 7台装有浆叶式搅拌装置的浸出槽, 其容积为有效容积 300m3/槽) , 选用了 7台 (有效容积 300 m3/槽)浸出槽装有浆叶 式搅拌装置。
2、 浸出作业的操作
2-1、 浸出的技术条件: 通过试验确立了如下技术条件即: 锰矿粉:疏铁矿:疏酸 (质量比) 为 1 : 0.3-0.5 : 0.3-0.5. 浸出矿浆温度 90~100°C
浸出时间:投料结束,矿浆升温到 90°C ,开始计时,浸出 2 ~ 4小时.
2-2、 浸出作业具体操作: 先按要求往浸出槽中注入阳极液, 当阳 极液没过第一道搅拌叶片后开动搅拌机, 然后开始按计量要 求往浸出槽中投放锰矿粉和硫铁矿粉, 并按硫酸用量要求补 加适量^^酸, 开蒸汽加热矿浆, 当矿浆温度达 90°C , 开始计 算时间。 过程多次地检测浸出液的含 Mn量, 当含 Mn量达 到给定的浓度后, 可算浸出结束。
2-3、 浸出过程的化学反应: 两矿法浸出过程, 锰呈 MnS04, 铁呈 Fe2(S04)3进入溶液, 其它杂质元素(Co、 Ni、 Zn、 Cu等)也 生成相应硫酸盐进入溶液中, 浸出过程属极为复杂的多相化学反 应, 其总反应式为
15Mn02+2FeS2+14H2S04=15MnS04+Fe2 ( S04) 3+14 0
MeO+¾S04=MeS04+¾0
MeO为重金属 (Co、 Ni、 Zn、 Cu等) 氧化物。
2-4、浸出矿浆氧化中和除铁:浸出结束,矿浆 PH值为 2.5~3.0, 取样定性分析 Fe2+离子, 根据 Fe2+含量情况, 用氨水调整矿浆 PH 值至 4.5~5.0 , 然后往浸出槽中投入适量锰矿粉进行氧化, 搅拌氧 化 20~30分钟, 取样定性分析 Fe2+, 直至 Fe2+达到合格要求, 再用 氨水调整矿浆 PH值至 6.0~6.5。 此条件下浸出液中 Fe2(S04)3, 可 完全水解生成 Fe(OH)3沉淀于浸出渣中达到除铁目的, Fe2(S04)3 水解按下式反应进行:
Fe2(S04)3+6¾0=2Fe(OH)3+3¾S04
除铁过程中, 大部分重金属离子也水解沉淀, 杂质 Si02随同 Fe(OH)3沉淀于浸出渣中, Mn2+有少量水解沉淀, 因此必须很好掌 握中和除铁的矿浆 PH值, 以降低 Mn的损失。 矿浆氧化中和除铁 结束后, 经过压滤(滤渣送渣场堆存) , 获得含铁合格浸出液。
2-5、 合格浸出液的质量要求: 浸出经氧化中和除铁后溶液要 求含 Mn为 38~42g/l,定性检测 Fe2+为无。
三、 硫酸锰浸出液硫化除重金属杂质
1、 设备概述: 压滤设备 400m2四台、 200m2四台、 石克化池 300m3四 个、 净化池 300m3十个、 深净化池 300m3十个、 沉清池 300m3八个、 空 气压缩机 8m3两台、 调剂桶 2m3三个。
2、 硫化剂:
硫酸锰溶液硫化除重金属杂质使用的硫化剂有: 饱和硫化铵、 硫 化钡 (BaS ) 、 福美钠 (S.D.D ) 、 乙硫氮等, 以 RS代表硫化剂。
3、 经压滤获得的硫酸锰溶液残存的重金属杂质 (Co、 Ni、 Zn、 Cu 等), 必须加入硫化剂进行硫化, 使其生成硫化物沉淀除去, 主要化学反 应式为:
MeS04+RS=RS04+MeS I Me→表示杂质元素
硫化除杂主要技术条件, 溶液温度 50~65 °C ,硫化剂用量通过试验确 定, 我们的实际操作以硫化铵(含 N¾8% )用量为例: 每立方来浸出液 耗硫化铵 2Kg.
硫化除杂具体操作: 硫酸锰溶液硫化除杂可在专门的搅拌硫化槽中 进行, 而我们是在压滤液的溜槽中滴加入 化铵液,加入^ 化铵液的克化 液流到储池再用空气压缩机风吹翻搅 20~30分钟, 取液分析重金属含量, 当 Ni、 CO、 Zn定性分析合格后, 进行压滤, 滤渣专门渣场堆放, 滤液进 行深度净化作业。
4、 化后液的质量要求: 化后压滤液要求:
含 Mn38〜40g/l,Co<lmg/l,Ni<lmg/l,
Zn < 0.5mg/l,Fe<lmg/l,Cu<0.5mg/l.PH6.0〜6.5.
四、 化后液深度净化除还原性杂质
硫酸锰溶液硫化除重金属杂质的压滤液中含有还原性杂质离子, 对 电解作业有不良影响甚至使电解无法正常生产, 同时严重地影响产品质 量, 因此对硫化后压滤液必须进行深度净化除去还原性杂质离子,使其生 成单质离子悬浮于溶液中, 然后往溶液中加入絮凝剂, 进行絮凝, 再次进 入沉清池沉清 24小时以上(时间越长越有利于电解)后再压滤。 在压滤 过程中, 往液中加适量硒, 从而获得符合电解要求的精液。 1、 深度净化剂的选择: 除去硫酸锰溶液中还原性杂质的净化剂 有很多强氧化剂可供选择: 如二氧化锰粉、 过硫酸铵、 双氧 水等, 经过大量试验研究, 本工艺选择双氧水为深度净化剂 获得满意的技术经济效果。
2、 深度净化剂 (双氧水) 的加入量, 根据硫化后液体积, 按每 立方米加入 0.25-0.35公斤双氧水的量加入, 先将双氧水配 制成 20~40%浓度的水溶液, 滴加在硫化后压滤液溜槽中, 滤液流至储池, 静置 4小时后, 使其充分氧化, 使还原性杂 质离子氧化成单质离子, 然后再进行絮凝沉清。
3、 絮凝沉清: 絮凝剂选用^ 酸铝, 用量为 0.1~0.15Kg/m3溶液, 先将^ 酸铝用水溶解成水溶液, 加入静置池中, 开动压风机 空气搅拌 4~5分钟, 静置 24~48小时后时进行精压滤。 精压 过程中按新液要求加入适量电解添加剂, 具体加入量 10~15mg/l Se计。
4、 深度净化后合格新液成分要求:
Mn36~40g/l,Co< 1 mg/l,Ni< 1 mg/l,Zn < 0.5〜lmg/l ,
S2— <2mg/l.Fe2+定性合格。
五、 石克酸锰溶液电解沉积锰工业生产实践
电解生产金属锰,都是在中性的 MnS04~(N¾)2S04~H20系的硫酸锰 水溶液中进行隔膜电解, 阳极放在隔膜框中, 电解过程锰在阴极上析出, 阳极上析出氧气和少量的 Mn02.生产实践按下步骤进行。
1、 开 槽 液 成 分 配 制 要 求 : Mnl8〜23g/1 , (N¾)2S04 , 100~120g/l,Se30~50mg/l,PH6.5~7.5.电解槽注满开槽液后, 在每个 电解槽中装 3~5块阴极板, 开始通电进行电解, 然后尽快放满所 有电解槽的阴极板, 供电电流强度逐淅升高, 通电 4小时后电流 强度方可升至正常操作值。
2、 电解操作控制的工艺技术条件:
进槽液: Mn35 ~ 40g/l, (NH4) 2S04100 ~ 120g/l, SelO ~ 15mg/l, PH6. 5 ~ 7. 5。
阴极液: Mnl5 ~ 18g/l, (NH4) 2S04100 ~ 120g/l, Se25 ~ 30mg/l, PH6. 5 ~ 7. 5。
阳极液: Mnl5 ~ 18g/l, (NH4) 2S04100 ~ 120g/l, H2S0438 ~ 45g/l。 阴极电流密度 340 ~ 380A/m2 , 槽电压 4. 3 ~ 4. 8V, 槽液温度 38 ~ 45 °C , 同名极距 70mm,电解周期 24小时。
3、 电解槽装置
3-1、 电解槽: 电解槽用 40mm厚的方木制成, 内有木制假底, 假底内 空高 170mm, 槽子内空尺寸为长 x宽 x高 =3800 x 710 x 920 ( mm ) , 槽子 两内侧装有不锈钢管制作的蛇形冷却水管, 每个电解槽装有 5组阳极框, 每个电解槽内装阴极板 50块, 阳极板 51块。
3- 2、 阴、 阳板板: 电解锰釆用不锈钢板为阴极板: 其尺寸为长 X宽 X厚 =665 X 500 X 1. 5 ( mm ) 。 选用铅、 锑、 锡、 银四元合金板为阳极板, 阳极的长 X宽 X厚 =665 X 470 X 7. 9 ( mm ) , 极板上有 50个孔, 每个孔的 尺为长 86 X宽 28. 3 ( mm ) 。 阳极板有效面积与阴极板有效面积之比 0. 6 : 1. 0.
4、 阴极锰板的处理
4- 1、 调槽: 当电解达到 24小时, 需要取出沉积有锰的阴极板, 同时 装上待用的阴极板(装前蘸上水玻璃液、 水玻璃液浓度 1 ~ 3% )此过程称 调槽, 调槽前半小时, 按给定的操作条件, 用氨水调整好槽液的 PH值
( 7. 5 ~ 8. 0 ) , 并补加适量 Se,使槽液 Se含量达 35〜45 mg/1.待全部阴极 板取装完毕, 即调槽结束。
4-2、 阴极锰板的钝化处理
为了防止金属锰被空气中氧化变质,阴极锰必须进行钝化处理。 钝化剂为重铬酸钾水溶液, 浓度 3%, 调槽时每取出一块阴极锰板立即蘸 一下钝化液,金属锰表生成一层氧化膜,达到锰板在空气中不被氧化变黑, 影响产品质量。
4-3、钝化后锰板,用清水冲洗,洗去表面的钝化剂,然后再放入 80 ~ 100 °C烫水中烫洗,洗去锰板上结晶的硫酸铵等杂质。烫洗后锰板经风干、 剥离, 获得片状金属锰产品, 然后包装入库(吨袋包装)。 产品质量经化 验分析, 达到电解锰行业标准( YB-T051-2003 )通用级 DJMnD级质量标准 要求。 4-4、 阴极板的处理: 脱锰后的阴极板处理, 视情况而定: 不附着残 锰的极板, 经擦洗后待用; 附着有剥离不下来残锰板放到阳极液槽浸泡, 残锰溶解完后, 蘸一下硝酸液, 再清水擦洗后待用。 不光亮的阴极板进行 电镀抛光后待用。 本发明的另一实施例中, 提供了另一种两矿法生产电解金属锰的方 法, 按: 浸出、 净化、 深度净化、 电解工艺步骤进行, 其中:
(一)浸出: ①以低品位氧化锰矿为原料 ( 15-25%Mn ) , 有色金属选 矿尾矿(原生硫铁矿)为还原剂 (含 S20_30%、 含 Fe30_35%) , 两种矿粉
(粒度 100%_80_130目 ) 阳极液混合, 直接在硫酸(85_120g/l )溶液中 加热 ( 90-100°C )搅拌浸出 2-4小时 (锰矿粉:硫铁矿粉:硫酸 (重量比), 按 1: 0.30-0.5: 0.40-0.50的比例, 此几例随情况而调整 ) ; 锰呈 MnS04, 铁呈 Fe2(S04)3 进入溶液, 浸出过程属复杂多相化学反应过程, 公认的化 学反应按下总反应式进行:
15Mn02 + 2FeS2 +14H2S04 = 15MnS04 + Fe2 (S04) 3 + 14H20
(二)净化:
①氧化中和除铁: 用氨水调整矿浆 PH值至 4.0-5.0,按液中含 Fe+2另 加适当锰矿粉氧化 FeS04生成 Fe2(SO)3,再调整矿浆 PH 值至 6.5-7.0, Fe2(SO)3水解生成 Fe (OH) 3沉淀于浸出渣中, 矿浆经压滤制得粗^ 酸锰 溶液;
②硫化除重属杂质, 所述的粗硫酸锰溶液添加适量硫化剂 (硫化铵、 BaS、 S · D · D, 乙硫氮)硫化除去重金属杂质 (Ni, Co. Zn. Cn 等) , 经 压滤得到硫化后液。
(三)深度净化: 硫化后液除还原性杂质, 釆用强氧化剂放电锰粉、过硫酸铵、 双氧水 做净化剂, 氧化除还原性杂质试验, 最终以双氧水试剂在进行深度净化, 使还原性杂质转变成单质元素离子存在溶液中; 再用^ 酸铝试剂进行絮凝沉清 24-48小时,压滤后加入适量的硒( Se ) 获得供电解用的合格新液。
(四) 电解:
①开槽液成分控制: Mnl8_23g/1, (NH4) 2S04100-120g/l , Se30-50g/l, PH6.5-7.5, 电解槽放满开槽液后,每槽先放 3~ 5块阴极板, 通电进行电 解, 阴极板放满后, 电流强度逐渐升高, 通电 4小时后, 电流强度升到正 常操作值。
② .槽面管理, 通电电解后, 加强电解槽面管理: 严格检查极板对位 正确, 按时测定槽液的成分, 如 Mn浓度, PH值等, 随时用液流量调节槽 液成分达到技术条件要求。
③ .电解操作控制条件如下: 进槽液: Mn35- 40 g/L, (應 4) 2S04 100-120 g/L PH 6.5-7.0; 阴极液: Mnl5- 18 g/L, (顺 4) 2S04 110-120 g/L PH 6.5-7.5; 阳极液: Mnl5- 18 g/L, (顺 4) 2S04 110-120 g/L H2S04 38-45g/L; 阴极电流密度: 340_380A/m2; 槽电压: 4.3-4.8V; 槽液温度: 38-45 °C; 电解添加剂: Se02 , 含 Se 20-40mg/L; 电解周期: 24小时。
④电解 24小时后, 进行调槽, 调槽即取出沉积锰阴极板, 装入待用 阴极板进行下一周期电解操作。 ⑤积锰阴极板处理: 取出的积锰阴极板, 立即进行钝化, 防止产品被 氧化, 降低质量, 钝化后极板, 先用清水冲洗, 再进行烫洗, 后风干, 剥 离, 得片状产品, 包装入库。
⑥产品质量达到国标(GB3418-82 )质量标准。
⑦剥离产品后的阴极板处理,有残锰的阴极板先放入阳极液中浸泡片 刻,取出用清水冲洗后放入硝酸液浸泡片刻, 再用清水洗净待用。 无残锰 的阴极板, 经清水擦洗干净待用。
本发明的再一实施例中, 按如下方式操作:
取通过率 100% , 粒度为 80 目的锰矿粉和硫铁矿粉, 按锰矿粉:硫铁 矿粉:硫酸 =1 : 0. 35: 0. 42的比例,直接在硫酸溶液中加热到 90-100 °C ,搅 拌浸出 3小时, 调整矿浆 PH为 4. 5-5. 0用锰粉氧化 FeS04生成 Fe2 (SO) 3 用氨水调整矿浆 PH值至 6-6. 5, Fe2 (SO) 3水解生成 Fe ( OH ) 3沉淀于浸出渣 中, 矿浆经压滤制得粗^ 酸锰溶液; 压滤弃渣, 得粗^酸锰溶液。 所述的 粗硫酸锰溶液经硫化除去重金属杂质 (N i , Co. Zn. Cu 等) , 所述的粗硫 酸锰溶液添加硫化剂硫化除去重金属杂质 (Ni , Co. Zn. Cn 等) , 经压滤 得到^ 化后液。 再用双氧水试剂在 55-65 °C条件下进行深度净化, 使还原 性杂质转变成单质元素离子存在溶液中; 再用硫酸铝试剂进行絮凝沉清 24 小时, 压滤获得供电解用的合格新液。 经电解获得达到国标 ( GB3418-82. 99. 7%Mn ) 的电解金属锰产品。 本发明的第四实施例中, 按如下方法操作: 取通过率 100% , 粒度为 90 目的锰矿粉和硫铁矿粉, 按锰矿粉:硫铁 矿粉:硫酸 =1 : 0. 4: 0. 4的比例,直接在硫酸溶液中加热到 90-1 00 °C ,搅拌 浸出 3小时, 调整矿浆 PH值为 4. 0 ~ 5. 0 , 加适量锰粉, 将 Fe2+离子氧化 成 Fe3+离子, 用氨水调整矿浆 PH值至 6-6. 5, Fe2 (S0) ^J解生成 Fe ( 0H ) 3 沉淀于浸出渣中,矿浆经压滤制得粗硫酸锰溶液; 压滤弃渣,得粗硫酸锰 溶液。 所述的粗硫酸锰溶液经硫化除去重金属杂质(Ni , Co. Zn. Cu等), 经压滤得到^ 化后液。 再用双氧水试剂在 55-65 °C条件下进行深度净化, 使还原性杂质转变成单质元素离子存在溶液中;再用硫酸铝试剂进行絮凝 沉清 32 小时, 压滤获得供电解用的合格新液。 经电解获得达到国标 ( GB3418-82. 99. 7%Mn ) 的电解金属锰产品。 本发明的第五实施例中, 按如下方法操作: 取通过率 100%, 粒度为 100目的锰矿粉和硫铁矿粉, 按锰矿粉:硫铁 矿粉:硫酸 =1: 0. 45: 0. 45的比例,直接在硫酸溶液中加热到 90-100°C ,搅 拌浸出 4 小时, 矿浆经氧化中和除铁后。 用氨水调整矿浆 PH 值至 6. 5, Fe2 (S0) ^ 解生成 Fe ( OH ) 3沉淀于浸出渣中, 矿浆经压滤制得粗石克 酸锰溶液,压滤弃渣,得粗^ 酸锰溶液。 所述的粗^ 酸锰溶液添加 化剂 硫化除去重金属杂质 (Ni , Co. Zn. Cn 等) , 经压滤得到硫化后液。 再用 双氧水试剂在 55-65 °C条件下进行深度净化,使还原性杂质转变成单质元 素离子存在溶液中; 再用硫酸铝试剂进行絮凝沉清 48小时, 压滤获得供 电解用的新液。 经电解获得达到国标(GB3418-82. 99. 7%Mn ) 的电解金属 锰产口 σ。 经过试验,上述的各工艺参数对提高锰矿转化率和最低的原料消耗等 均有影响, 其中, 以实例五的的工艺条件最好, 产量最高, 能耗低。 按照 上述实施实例制得的电解液电解后所得的产品, 经钝化, 水洗、 烫洗、 风 干, 剥离得片状产品, 质量符合国家标准(GB3418-82 , 99. 7% ) 。
本发明改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰方法, 属纯湿法冶金工艺, 2005 - 2009 年工业生产试验表明, 生产工艺成熟, 技术先进可靠, 产品 质量高, 尤其是产品含 C、 S , 杂质低。 本方法与氧化锰矿生产电解锰的 传统工艺比较, 改善了工人的劳动条件, 生产流程短, 实为环保节能的生 产工艺方法。生产实践对硫酸锰溶液实行深度净化,清除了溶液中还原性 杂质对电解过程的影响, 从而达到电解正常生产, 提高产品质量。
本方法尤其为低品位贫氧化锰矿和有色金属矿选矿的尾矿(硫铁矿 ) 的开发利用创造了途径。再者低品氧化锰矿和硫铁矿来源广,价格低, 所 以生产成本低, 并且锰金属回收率为 65%-67%。
所有上述为这一知识产权的首要实施装置及其方法,并没有设定限制 以其它形式实施这种改进型方法及其装置。本领域技术人员将利用这一重 要信息, 对上述内容修改, 以实现类似的执行情况。 但是, 所有基于本发 明的修改或改造新装置, 属于保留的权利。 以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的 限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更 或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。 但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,
型, 仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰的方法, 其特征在于: 所述方法包括以下步骤: 浸出、 净化、 深度净化和电解; 所述两矿法电解金属锰的两种矿石原料分别为:低品位氧化锰矿和低 品位疏铁矿; 所述低品位氧化锰矿为: 锰含量为 15—25%的氧化锰矿石; 所述硫铁矿为: 有色金属矿选矿的尾矿或原生硫铁矿。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰的方法, 其特 征在于, 所述浸出的步骤包括: 以锰含量为 15~25%的氧化锰矿石为原料, 有色金属矿选矿尾矿硫铁 矿为还原剂原料; 将两种矿石研磨为粒度 80-130 目的矿粉, 与阳极液混合, 直接在 85-120g/ l 的石克酸溶液中加热至 90-100 °C ;其中,按照重量份数比锰矿粉: 石克铁矿粉:石克酸的比例为 1: 0. 30-0. 5: 0. 35-0. 50; 搅拌浸出 2-4小时。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰的方法, 其特 征在于, 所述净化的步骤包括: 氧化中和除铁:用氨水调整浸出后的矿浆 PH值至 4. 0-5,按液中含 Fe+2 的量加入锰矿粉氧化 FeS04生成 Fe2 (SO) 3; 再用氨水调整矿浆 PH值至 6-6. 5 , Fe2 (S0) ^J解生成 Fe ( OH ) 3沉淀 于浸出渣中, 矿浆经压滤制得粗^ 酸锰溶液; 硫化除重金属杂质:所述的粗硫酸锰溶液添加硫化剂硫化除去重金属 杂质, 经压滤得到^ 化后液。
4、 根据权利要求 1 所述改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰的方法, 其特 征在于, 所述深度净化的步骤包括: 将硫化后的溶液,釆用强氧化剂 放电锰粉和 /或过硫酸铵、双氧水做 净化剂, 氧化除去还原性杂质; 使还原性杂质转变成单质元素离子存在溶液中; 再用^ 酸铝试剂进行絮凝沉清 24-48小时,压滤后加入硒( 15-20mg/l 后, 获得供电解用的合格新液。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰的方法, 其特 征在于, 所述电解的步骤包括: 将深度净化步骤处理过的溶液, 配置为: Mnl8-23g/l , (NH4) 2S04100-120g/l, Se30-50g/l, PH值为 7 ~ 7.5的开槽液. 通电进行电解, 电流强度逐渐升高, 通电 4-8小时后, 电流强度升到 设定操作值; 电解周期为 24小时。
6、 根据权利要求 1-5中任一项所述改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰的 方法, 其特征在于, 所述电解操作控制条件如下: 进槽液: Mn35- 40 g/L, (NH4) 2S04 100-120 g/L PH 6.5-7.0; 阴极液: Mnl5- 18 g/L, (NH4) 2S04 110-120 g/L PH 6.5-7.5; 阳极液: Mnl5- 18 g/L, (NH4) 2S04 110-120 g/L H2S04 38-45g/L; 阴极电流密度: 340_380A/m2; 槽电压: 4.3-4.8V; 槽液温度: 38-45 °C; 电解添加剂: Se02 , 含 Se 25-40mg/L; 电解周期: 24小时。
7、 根据权利要求 1-6中任一项所述改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰的 方法, 其特征在于, 所述浸出的步骤包括: 先往浸出槽中注入阳极液,当阳极液没过第一道搅拌叶片后开动搅拌 机, 并继续注入阳极液, 然后开始往浸出槽中投放锰矿粉和硫铁矿粉, 并 补加^ 酸, 开蒸汽加热矿浆, 当矿浆温度达 90°C , 开始计算时间; 检测浸出液的含 Mn量, 当含 Mn量达到设定的浓度后, 浸出结束; 其中, 锰矿粉:硫铁矿:硫酸质量比为 1: 0. 3~0. 5: 0. 4~0. 5 ; 浸出矿浆温度 9(Tl 00 °C ; 浸出时间: 投料结束,矿浆升温到 90°C , 开始计时, 浸出 2 ~ 4小时。
8、 一种如权利要求 1-7中任一项所述改进型两矿法生产电解金属锰 的方法中使用的生产电解金属锰的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置包括: 制 粉设备、 浸出设备、 压滤设备、 硫化池、 净化池、 深净化池、 沉清池、 空 气压缩机、 调剂桶和电解槽。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述生产电解金属锰的装置, 其特征在于, 所述制粉设备为: 3R、 4R或 5R型的雷蒙磨机; 所述 浸出设备为: 装有浆叶式搅拌部件的浸出槽; 所述电解槽用方木制成, 内有木制 4叚底,所述电解槽内部两侧装有不 锈钢管制作的蛇形冷却水管,每个电解槽设置有一组或多组阳极框,每个 电解槽内设置有阴极板 N块, 阳极板 N+1块; 其中, N为正整数。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述生产电解金属锰的装置, 其特征在于, 所述阴极板为不锈钢板; 所述阳极板为铅、 锑、 锡、 银四元合金板; 所述阳极板有效面积与阴极板有效面积之比 0. 6: 1. 0 ; 所述阴极板电解后,成为阴极锰板; 所述阴极锰板在使用中被釆用如 下方法钝化处理: 钝化剂为重铬酸钾水溶液, 浓度 3% , 调槽时每取出一 块阴极锰板, 立即蘸一下钝化液, 使金属锰表生成一层氧化膜, 达到锰板 在空气中不被氧化变黑, 影响产品质量; 钝化后的锰板, 用清水冲洗, 洗去表面的钝化剂, 然后再放入 80 ~ 1 00 °C烫水中烫洗, 洗去锰板上结晶的硫酸铵等杂质; 烫洗后锰板经风干、 剥离, 获得片状金属锰产品, 然后包装入库; 脱锰后的阴极板处理为: 不附着残锰的极板, 经擦洗后待用; 附着有 剥离不下来残锰板放到阳极液槽浸泡, 残锰溶解完后, 蘸一下硝酸液, 再 清水擦洗后待用;
不光亮的阴极板进行电镀抛光后待用。
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