Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
  • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
  • E02D29/0208—Gabions
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
  • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
  • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
  • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
  • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
  • E02B3/08—Structures of loose stones with or without piles
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
  • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
  • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
  • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
  • E02B3/124—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of metal
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
  • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
  • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a barrier assembly, and more particularly to a barrier assembly for shoreline preservation and restoration.
• the present invention also relates to a method of preserving and restoring a shoreline, and use of a barrier assembly.
• Marshlands adjacent susceptible coastal regions provide at least some form of protection against the harsh environments caused by hurricanes.
• marshlands offer a first line of defence for populated areas against the wave energy of a hurricane.
• the marshlands act as a barrier to absorb, redirect or dissipate the wave energy so that by the time it reaches a populated area its force is significantly reduced thereby limiting the damaged inflicted on the populated area.
• the gabion structures are generally square and form a flat surface which faces the oncoming wave energy.
• the flat surface tends to finds it difficult to redirect and dissipate the wave energy, and instead experiences the full impact of the wave. Indeed, if the wave energy is of sufficient strength, for instance, or if it collides with the gabion faces often enough, it is possible that the gabion structure will become damaged and will require very regular maintenance and repair. This can be labour intensive and costly.
• the present invention provides a barrier assembly for shoreline preservation or restoration comprising a gabion having opposed side walls connected together at spaced intervals along the length of the gabion by a plurality of partition walls, the spaces between neighbouring pairs of partition walls defining, together with the side walls, at least one individual compartment of the gabion, the at least one individual compartment of the gabion being bounded by the respective opposed side walls or by opposed side wall sections of the respective opposed side walls, the partition walls being pivotally connected to the side walls, the individual compartment of the gabion having extending therefrom in a direction away from the individual compartment convergent at least partly open framework panels forming or forming part of a protuberant compartment on the gabion
• the barrier assembly provides means for rebuilding the underwater ecosystem and also allows vegetation to grow therefrom.
• the present invention provides a combination of effects.
• the protuberant compartment can be filled with marine dwelling medium, such as oyster shells, so as to attract oysters and other marine life into the surrounding area.
• Marine life including oysters
• Marine life can attach itself to the oyster shells protruding through the open framework of the protuberant compartment whereby to grow outwardly into the sea.
• This enables the barrier assembly to naturally repair itself without requiring maintenance of the protuberant compartment or refilling of the protuberant compartment because the marine life which attaches itself to the barrier assembly essentially becomes part of the barrier assembly. Attached marine life can in turn attract further marine life and the cycle may thus continue.
• This provides a way in which to build or re-establish a self-generating fostering underwater eco-system.
• the at least one individual compartment can be filled with vegetation and/roots to grow outwardly therefrom into the surrounding land area. This provides a mechanism for cultivation of areas surrounding damaged shorelines.
• the barrier assembly may also protect adjacent areas of the coastal region by reducing the effects of the wave energy of, for instance, a hurricane.
• the barrier assembly may redirect, absorb or redistribute the forces of the wave energy, thereby protecting neighbouring areas, such as populated areas.
• the barrier assembly can be used, for example, to line a coastline to inhibit its subsidence by a greater extent than known measures.
• the external surface of the protuberant compartment allows the barrier assembly to redirect wave energy efficiently and effectively.
• the angle of configuration of the panels forming the protuberant compartment may be such that the force of the wave energy is dissipated in a "glancing" manner so that the barrier assembly need not experience the entire impacting force of the wave energy. This may preserve the integrity of the barrier assembly to a greater degree than known barriers so that frequent labour-intensive maintenance need not be required.
• Another benefit of the barrier assembly is the filtering capacity offered by the combination of oyster shells and the protuberant compartment (including chambers of non-protuberant compartments). This may act to remove debris from the water to make the area more pleasant for sea-users such as swimmers, for example. It may also help reduce pollution which could otherwise adversely affect marine life. There may, therefore, be provided a natural filtering mechanism.
• protuberant compartment may take a variety of shapes including semi-circular, quadrilateral, pyramidal and pentagonal.
• the barrier assembly may comprise a multi-compartmental gabion having opposed side walls connected together at spaced intervals along the length of the gabion by a plurality of partition walls, the spaces between neighbouring pairs of partition walls defining, together with the side walls, individual compartments of the multi-compartmental gabion, individual compartments of the multi- compartmental gabion being bounded by opposed side wall sections of the respective opposed side walls, the partition walls being pivotally connected to the side walls and neighbouring side wall sections being pivotally connected to each other, a first individual compartment of the gabion having extending therefrom in a direction away from the first individual compartment convergent at least partly open framework panels forming or forming part of a protuberant compartment on the gabion.
• a second individual compartment of the gabion neighbouring the first individual compartment is absent any protuberant compartment of the same shape or size as the protuberant compartment extending from the first individual compartment. More particularly, the second individual compartment may be absent any protuberant compartment.
• the second individual compartment may provide additional means for receiving vegetation and/roots to grow outwardly therefrom into the surrounding land area. This provides an improved mechanism for cultivation of areas surrounding damaged shorelines.
• the second individual compartment may also provide additional means by which wave energy may be redirected. It may be that the wave energy flows along the surface of the second individual compartment having initially contacted the first individual compartment.
• a second individual compartment neighbouring the first individual compartment may comprise at least two chambers.
• One of the chambers may provide additional means for receiving vegetation and/roots to grow outwardly therefrom into the surrounding land area.
• Another chamber may receive marine dwelling medium, such as oyster shells, so as to attract oysters and other marine life into the surrounding area.
• Marine life, including oysters can attach itself to the oyster shells protruding through the chamber whereby to grow outwardly into the sea. This enables the barrier assembly to naturally repair itself without requiring maintenance of the chamber or refilling of the chamber because the marine life which attaches itself to the barrier assembly essentially becomes part of the barrier assembly. Attached marine life can in turn attract further marine life and the cycle may thus continue. This provides a way in which to build or re-establish a self-generating fostering underwater eco-system. There may be created a "barrier reef.
• the chambers may be unequal in size. They may be disproportional in size. For example, one chamber may be a quarter the width of another chamber. The proportion of the sizes may be dependent on the intended use of the barrier assembly; that is, if the emphasis is to restore marine life then the chamber facing the sea may be larger; conversely, if the emphasis is to cultivate the surrounding shoreline area then the chamber facing in-land may be larger.
• the chambered compartment may have a parallelepiped structure. Each chamber may have a rectangular-cross section. Together, the chambers of a second compartment may amount to the same dimensions as those of the first individual compartment. This may improve space optimisation when multiple assemblies are stacked on top of one another.
• the barrier assembly may comprise a plurality of protuberant compartments along the length of the gabion, neighbouring protuberant compartments being separated from each other by a length of side wall.
• the length of side wall may correspond in length to the length of a side wall section. More particularly, the length of side wall is a side wall section. It may be that at least parts of the neighbouring protuberant compartments and the length of side wall define a channel.
• the channel may be substantially continuous.
• the channel may provide a particularly effective way in which to dissipate the wave energy.
• the wave energy can be concentrated into the channel and dispersed therefrom.
• the wave energy may be dissipated upwardly or downwardly from the channel, for example. This is in contrast with a flat surface which makes a full impact with the wave causing damage to itself.
• the barrier assembly may comprise an even numbers of compartments, preferably four compartments. This may constitute a barrier assembly having a manageable number of compartments in terms of transport and construction.
• the convergent panels may form triangular compartments.
• the at least one individual compartment may have a square-cross section. This may aid optimisation of space when the multiple compartments are adjacently located.
• the at least one individual compartment may be lined with a geotextile material.
• a geotextile can be lightweight, strong and porous; which characteristics lend themselves to the objective of the present invention.
• the geotextile material may include polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene and copolymers thereof; rayon; polyesters; nylon; acrylic polymers and copolymers; polyamides; polyamide copolymers; polyurethanes, and the like.
• the porous material may line an inwardly facing surface of the at least one individual compartment.
• the porous material may line an outwardly facing surface of the at least one individual compartment.
• the porous material may line both an inwardly and outwardly facing surface of the at least one individual compartment. The efficiency of the assembly may be enhanced by lining both/all surfaces of the at least one individual compartment.
• the at least one individual compartment may be at least partly filled with a fill material, such as sand, rocks and/or vegetation.
• a fill material such as sand, rocks and/or vegetation.
• the fill material may stabilise the assembly and weigh it down.
• the fill material may be porous in nature, such as an aggregate material so that wave energy may be dissipated rather than repelled. Where the fill material is vegetation, the assembly may offer a dual function of protection and cultivation.
• At least the protuberant compartment has a mesh form.
• a mesh form is advantageous because it utilises less material than a solid panel of the same dimensions, while potentially providing the same level of strength of a solid panel. Material costs may, therefore, be reduced.
• a mesh is also porous in nature; which characteristic lends itself to an objective of the present invention.
• the at least one individual compartment may also have a mesh form.
• the at least one individual compartment may be in box form.
• the box form may not have a plurality of panels; rather being formed as a single unit, which is structurally uncomplicated compared with a compartment formed from a plurality of panels, for example. This may improve its sturdiness.
• the protuberant compartment may be at least partly filled with oyster shells or the like.
• the triangular compartment may be entirely filled with oyster shells or the like. This may enhance the performance of the assembly.
• Oyster shells may be arranged to protrude through the at least partly open framework of the protuberant compartment and sit proudly of its surface. Such an arrangement may improve the ability of the assembly to attract other marine life. More particularly, it may attract oysters which may eventually grow outwardly into the sea thereby enhancing the strength and efficacy of the barrier assembly.
• the protuberant compartment may be detachably attached to the at least one individual compartment. This may be of assistance when the assembly is to be transported between locations. Storage may also be simplified. Of course, the protuberant compartment may be integrally formed with the at least one individual compartment.
• the barrier assembly may comprise a strengthening member for the protuberant compartment.
• the strengthening member may be in the form of a panel.
• the strengthening member may be in the form of a mesh panel.
• the strengthening member may improve the structural integrity of the protuberant compartment, particularly at its apex when in triangular form, and ultimately improve the structural integrity of the assembly.
• the protuberant compartment may be a triangular compartment and the strengthening member may be positioned along its median.
• the strengthening member may be positioned along the median connecting the midpoint of an interior wall of the triangular compartment and the protruding apex of the triangular compartment. It may be considered important to ensure that the apex is reinforced since it is this point at which the wave energy may be primarily diverted onto a different course.
• the protuberant compartment may be pivotally connected to the at least one individual compartment. This may be particularly advantageous if the compartments are required to be collapsible.
• the protuberant compartment may comprise two panels forming a triangular configuration with the at least one individual compartment.
• Each compartment may be formed from a plurality of framework panels. Repair and maintenance of a compartment may, therefore, be made with ease in case any particular panel is in need of replacement. This avoids the need to replace the compartment in its entirety thereby reducing costs to maintain the system. This may also preclude hindering the restoration/preservation process during maintenance work, since only a single panel may need replacing as opposed to an entire compartment. It may be that each edge of the at least two panels is connected to the respective edge of the at least one individual compartment by at least two overlapping helical coils. Such an arrangement may lend itself to detachably attaching the protuberant compartment, particularly a triangular compartment, to the at least one individual compartment in a pivotal manner.
• the at least two overlapping helical coils may be releasably connected by a joining pin intersecting the overlapping region of the coils, thereby detachably securing the coils and panels together.
• edges of the panels which define a protruding apex of the triangular compartment are connected to one another by a single helical coil.
• a helical coil may, for example, be intertwined between adjacent panels of a gabion thereby connecting them.
• a helical coil may be in one panel and thus its structural integrity will be sound as compared with hinge members employing an assimilation of parts.
• the helical coil may also be unwound, when necessary, so as to disconnect adjacent panels or walls of the assembly without undue burden.
• the apex of the protruding triangular compartment may comprise an interior angle which is obtuse.
• the apex of the protruding triangular compartment may comprise an interior angle which is acute.
• the strength of the apex may be determined by the interior angle of the apex; thus, the interior angle of the apex may be dependent on the force of the wave energy that must be counteracted. 2011/050983
• a chamber may comprise three panels forming a rectangular arrangement with another chamber. In this way, the other chamber may provide effectively the fourth panel/side of the first chamber.
• a partition wall in the second individual compartment may divide it into at least two chambers. This arrangement may make the assembly lighter and less costly due to reduced material use.
• edges of the panels are connected to the at least one individual compartment by a respective helical spring.
• a pivotal motion may be provided in this manner.
• the helical spring also lends itself to the collapsible nature of the assembly, when this is required.
• the barrier assembly may comprise an even number compartments; more particularly, an even number of first individual compartments and an even number of second individual compartments.
• An even number of each type of compartment helps ensure that when multiple assemblies are placed next to one another when lining a coastline, for example, first and second compartments can be positioned alternately when in a linear relationship.
• the first and second compartments may have a linear relationship, and each compartment may be alternately positioned. Replicating patterns can thus be realised when multiple assemblies are placed next to one another. This may aid the efficacy of the design of the barrier assembly. 2011/050983
• the barrier assembly may be collapsible. This improves the usage of space during transport because the assembly may be "flat packed”. Carrying an assembly is also made easier in a stowed-collapsed form. Quick and easy erection is also desirable in hostile environments.
• the present invention comprehends a method of preserving or restoring a shoreline, comprising the steps of:
• a barrier assembly comprising a gabion having opposed side walls connected together at spaced intervals along the length of the gabion by a plurality of partition walls, the spaces between neighbouring pairs of partition walls defining, together with the side walls, at least one individual compartment of the gabion, the at least one individual compartment of the gabion being bounded by the respective opposed side walls or by opposed side wall sections of the respective opposed side walls, the partition walls being pivotally connected to the side walls, the individual compartment of the gabion having extending therefrom in a direction away from the individual compartment convergent at least partly open framework panels forming or forming part of a protuberant compartment on the gabion;
• At least partly filling the at least one individual compartment with a fill material preferably sand, rocks and/or vegetation; at least partly filling the protuberant compartment with oyster shells; and
• the method may include the step of lining the at least one individual compartment with a geotextile material before it receives any fill material.
• the method may include the step of providing at least two individual compartments and positioning them in a linear relationship.
• a barrier as described herein in redirecting wave energy, particularly sea wave energy.
• a barrier as described herein in preserving a shoreline.
• the present invention provides the use of a barrier (as described herein) in restoring a shoreline.
• Fig 1 is a perspective view of a barrier assembly having a first individual compartment formed according to an embodiment of the present invention
• Fig 2 is an exploded view of part of the triangular compartment
• Fig 3 is a plan view of the triangular compartment of Fig 1 ;
• Fig 4 is a plan view of part of the triangular compartment and part of the first individual compartment of Fig 1 ;
• Fig 5 is a perspective view of the barrier assembly of Fig 1 in which the first individual compartment is lined with a geotextile material;
• Fig 6 is a perspective view of the barrier assembly of Fig 5 in which the triangular compartment is filled with oyster shells;
• Fig 7 is a perspective view of a second individual compartment formed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• Fig 8 is a perspective view of a barrier assembly formed from the first individual compartment of Fig 1 and second individual compartment of Fig 7;
• Fig 9 is a perspective view of a barrier assembly comprising two first individual compartments and two second individual compartments;
• Fig 10 is a perspective view of a triangular compartment similar to that shown in Fig 1 , but comprising a strengthening member.
• a barrier assembly generally indicated 1.
• the barrier assembly is constituted by a first individual compartment 7.
• the first individual compartment 7 having extending therefrom in a direction away from the individual compartment 7 a protuberant compartment in the form of a triangular compartment 5 connected to the first individual compartment 7.
• the protuberant compartment may have a different shape in other embodiments.
• the first individual compartment 7 is an open-top cuboid formed from five square panels. There are two opposing side walls 13, 15, two partition walls 7,9 and a base 17. These walls are connected at their respective edges by a helical coil 19. The walls are solid, but it will be appreciated that in other embodiments the walls may have a mesh form. Of course, it will be understood that the base 17 is not essential as the ground upon which the assembly 1 rests may provide the same function.
• the triangular compartment 5 comprises two angled panels 21 which are connected to the first individual compartment 7 such that the side wall 13 makes up the third side of the triangular compartment 5.
• the two angled panels 21 have a mesh form and define an external surface of the first individual compartment 7.
• FIG. 1 With reference to Fig 2, there is illustrated an exploded view of an angled panel 21 and side wall 13. Respective edges 13a and 21 a of the side wall 13 and angled panel 21 are each lined with a helical coil 19. In this way, the side wall 13 and panel 21 can be pivotally connected. There is also shown a joining pin 23 which is rod-shaped member 25 having a hooked end 27.
• Fig 3 shows a plan view of the triangular compartment 5.
• the side wall 13 is provided with a helical coil 19 at either of its opposite edges 13a, 13b.
• Each angled panel 21 is provided with a helical coil 19 at its edge 21 a.
• the helical coils 19 of edges 21 a are intertwined with the helical coils 19 of edges 13a, 13b to define two overlapping regions 25a, 25b.
• a joining pin 23 intersects each overlapping region 25a, 25b to connect the side wall 13 to the two angled panels 21.
• the two angled panels 21 are connected to one another by a single helical coil 19 which joins respective edges 21 b, thereby defining a protruding apex 29.
• the interior angle a at the apex 29 is 91° so it is obtuse. Of course, in other embodiments, the interior angle a may be acute.
• FIG 4 there is shown a more detailed plan view of the connection region of the side wall 13, partition wall 17 and angled panel 21.
• Each respective edge 13a, 17a, 21 a is provided with a helical coil 19.
• the three helical coils 19 overlap to effect an overlapping region 25c.
• the overlapping region 25 is intersected by joining pin 23 to connect the walls 13, 17 and panel 21 together.
• the barrier assembly 1 of Fig 1 in which the first individual compartment 7 is lined with a geotextile material 31 . More particularly, it is the inwardly facing surface of each wall 9, 1 1 , 13, 15 and base 17 that is lined with the geotextile material 31 .
• the geotextile material 31 acts to hold fill material in place and also provides a filtering mechanism.
• FIG 6 there is depicted the barrier assembly 1 of Fig 5 in which the geotextile-lined first individual compartment 7 is filled with sand 33.
• the first individual compartment 7 may be filled with vegetation which may grow in an in-land direction.
• the triangular compartment 5 is filled with oyster shells 35. It can be seen that some oyster shells 35 protrude through the mesh 37 of the panels 21 .
• the second individual compartment 39 has a cuboid shape.
• the second individual compartment 39 is divided into a smaller chamber 41 and a larger chamber 43.
• Both compartments 41 and 43 are of equal height.
• Both compartments 41 and 43 are rectangular prisms the volumes of which amount to the cuboid shape of the second individual compartment 39.
• the larger chamber 43 is an open-top rectangular prism formed from five rectangular panels.
• the walls are solid, but it will be appreciated that in other embodiments the walls may have a mesh form.
• the larger chamber 43 is lined with a geotextile material 53. More particularly, it is the inwardly facing surface of each wall 45, 47, 49, 51 that is lined with the geotextile material 53.
• the geotextile material 53 acts to hold fill material in place and also provides a filtering mechanism.
• the smaller chamber 41 has a width which is a quarter of the width of the larger compartment 43.
• the smaller chamber 41 comprises a planar front panel 55 and two planar side panels 57, 59 which are connected to larger chamber 43 such that the side wall 51 makes up the fourth side of the planar compartment 41.
• the planar front panel 55 and two planar side panels 57, 59 have a mesh form and define an external surface of the second individual compartment 39.
• Helical coils 19 connect all panels of the second individual compartment 39.
• a barrier assembly 61 comprising the first individual compartment 7 of Fig 6 abutting the second individual compartment 39 of Fig 7.
• the second individual compartment 39 is also shown filled with sand 63 in its larger lined chamber 43, and filled with oyster shells 65 in its smaller chamber 41 . It can be seen that some oyster shells 65 protrude through the mesh 64 of the panels 55, 59.
• the dimensions of the second individual compartment 39 are the same as those of the first individual compartment 7.
• Angled panels 21 and front planar panel 55 define the external surface of the barrier assembly 61 which encounters the wave energy during use. It may be that the wave energy flows along the surface of the second individual compartment 39 having initially contacted the first individual compartment 7.
• the oyster shells 65 attract oysters and other marine life into the surrounding area of the shoreline.
• Marine life including oysters, can attach itself to the oyster shells 65 protruding through the open framework of the angled panels 21 and front planar panel 55 whereby to grow outwardly into the sea.
• This enables the barrier assembly 61 to naturally repair itself without requiring maintenance of the oyster-filled compartment 5 and chamber 41 because the marine life which attaches itself to the barrier assembly 61 essentially becomes part of the barrier assembly 61. Attached marine life can in turn attract further marine life and the cycle may thus continue. This provides a way in which to build or re-establish a self-generating fostering underwater eco-system.
• barrier assembly 67 which is similar to that of Fig 8 except that barrier assembly 67 comprises two first individual compartments 7 and two second individual compartments 39. All compartments 7, 39 are in a linear relationship and alternately positioned. Hence, first individual compartment 7 abuts one side of second individual compartment 39; the other PC17GB2011/050983
• second individual compartment 39 abuts one side of another first individual compartment 7; and the other side of that first individual compartment 7 abuts one side of another second individual compartment 39.
• Angled panels 21 and front planar panels 55 define the external surface of the barrier assembly 67 which encounters the wave energy during use.
• a substantially continuous channel (indicated 69) is defined by an angled panel 21 of a first individual compartment 7, a front planar panel 55 of a sandwiched second individual compartment 39, and an angled panel 21 of another second individual compartment 7.
• the channel 69 is boat-shaped.
• the channel 69 may provide a particularly effective way in which to dissipate the wave energy.
• the wave energy can be concentrated into the channel 69 and dispersed therefrom.
• the wave energy may be dissipated upwardly or downwardly from the channel 69.
• Fig 10 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a protuberant compartment constituted by a triangular compartment 71.
• the triangular compartment 71 comprises a strengthening member 73.
• the strengthening member 73 is in the form of a mesh panel 75.
• the triangular compartment 71 comprises a side wall 77 and two angled panels 79.
• the strengthening member 73 is positioned along the median connecting the interior midpoint 81 of the side wall 77 and the protruding apex 83 of the two PC17GB2011/050983
• barrier assembly 85 similar to that shown in Fig 9, except, in this embodiment, the two first individual compartments 7T and the two second individual compartments 39T are formed from a mesh structure.
• barrier assembly 85 comprises two strengthening members 75T within the triangular compartments 5T extending outwardly and away from the first individual compartments 71.
• Each triangular compartment 5T connects to its respective individual compartment 39T by way of double helical coils 19T and locking pin 27T in the arrangement as shown in Fig 3.
• the barrier assembly 85 is shown with the first and second individual compartments 71, 39T lined on their inwardly facing surfaces with a geotextile material 53T.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-06-11 GB GB1009802.8A patent/GB2481063B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-05-24 MX MX2012013825A patent/MX2012013825A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-05-24 AU AU2011263549A patent/AU2011263549A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-05-24 RU RU2013100999/13A patent/RU2529741C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-05-24 BR BR112012030545A patent/BR112012030545A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2011-05-24 CA CA2801022A patent/CA2801022A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-05-24 PH PH1/2012/502450A patent/PH12012502450A1/en unknown
  • 2011-05-24 US US13/698,519 patent/US20130149036A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-05-24 WO PCT/GB2011/050983 patent/WO2011154714A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2011-05-24 EP EP11722862.7A patent/EP2580394B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2011-05-24 PE PE2012002240A patent/PE20130993A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-05-24 CN CN2011800286484A patent/CN102985619A/zh active Pending
  • 2011-05-24 JP JP2013513750A patent/JP2013528254A/ja active Pending
  • 2011-06-06 US US13/153,965 patent/US9157203B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-11-26 CO CO12213772A patent/CO6660440A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation

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