WO2011125742A1 - セルロース複合体 - Google Patents
セルロース複合体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011125742A1 WO2011125742A1 PCT/JP2011/058020 JP2011058020W WO2011125742A1 WO 2011125742 A1 WO2011125742 A1 WO 2011125742A1 JP 2011058020 W JP2011058020 W JP 2011058020W WO 2011125742 A1 WO2011125742 A1 WO 2011125742A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- mass
- cellulose composite
- gum
- water
- Prior art date
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cellulose composite that exhibits a stable dispersed state and suspended state when dispersed in acidic or high salt water.
- a cellulose composite of cellulose and hydrophilic gum forms a cellulose colloid in an aqueous medium and exhibits a good suspension stability.
- Food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints, ceramics, resins It is widely used in the fields of catalysts, other industrial products and the like. In particular, it is used for purposes such as suspension stabilizers, emulsion stabilizers, thickener stabilizers, tissue-imparting agents, cloudy agents, whiteness improvement, fluidity improvement, abrasives, dietary fiber, oil and fat substitutes, etc.
- a cellulose complex is added for the purpose of suspension stability of a water-insoluble component having a large specific gravity, such as milk calcium or calcium carbonate.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a water-dispersible complex containing fine cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a food composition containing a water-dispersible complex composed of fine cellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a water-dispersible composition containing fine cellulose and specific sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and a food composition containing the water-dispersible composition. It is described that the water-dispersible composition is excellent in suspension stability and emulsion stability in an acidic environment.
- the water-dispersible composition described in Patent Document 3 is excellent in dispersion stability of fine cellulose itself in salt-containing aqueous compositions such as acidic beverages such as fruit juice beverages and lactic acid bacteria beverages and seasonings such as sauces and sauces. is there.
- acidic beverages such as fruit juice beverages and lactic acid bacteria beverages
- seasonings such as sauces and sauces.
- problems such as long-term storage stability and suspension stability when water-insoluble components such as functional food materials are added, resulting in sedimentation and aggregation.
- the stabilizer containing water-dispersible cellulose and polysaccharide described in Patent Document 4 contains fine fibrous cellulose that is stably suspended in water, so that it has an acidic or high salt concentration such as yogurt, fruit sauce, and dressing. It is possible to provide a good-looking product by imparting a particle fixing action to the food and drink.
- the fine fibrous cellulose described in Patent Document 4 is a combination of cellulose and psyllium seed gum, it is not a composite complex and has insufficient suspension stability.
- the fermented cellulose composite described in Patent Document 5 is excellent in dispersion stability and suspension stability, it is used in beverages containing various milks, and it is described that a stable acidic milk beverage can be produced. Since the fermented cellulose described in Patent Document 5 has a very elongated shape, the storage elastic modulus (G ′) of the aqueous dispersion is too high. As a result, there was a problem that the texture (mouth) of foods and drinks containing these became heavy. In addition, these celluloses have a problem of causing aggregation with ingredients in food and drink when the addition amount is decreased in order to adjust the texture.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cellulose composite that is low in viscosity and excellent in dispersion stability and suspension stability in an aqueous dispersion having an acidic or high salt concentration. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cellulose composite having an excellent suspension stability that has not been possible in the past in foods and drinks that are acidic or high in salt concentration and contain water-insoluble components such as functional food materials.
- Dispersion stability means the dispersion stability of the cellulose composite itself when the cellulose composite is dispersed in an aqueous medium. Specifically, there is no occurrence of separation, aggregation, sedimentation, or the like of cellulose particles, and a uniform appearance is exhibited.
- “Suspension stability” means that when components other than cellulose composites such as cocoa powder, calcium, and functional food materials are contained in an aqueous medium, these components are suspended and stabilized due to the addition effect of the cellulose composite. Means that Specifically, not only cellulose but also other particles are not separated, aggregated, settled, etc., and a uniform appearance is exhibited.
- the inventors of the present invention have developed a cellulose composite having a high composite modulus of cellulose and a hydrophilic gum and an increased storage elastic modulus (G ′), which has low viscosity and dispersion stability in an aqueous dispersion having an acidic or high salt concentration. And it discovered that it was excellent in suspension stability, and came to make this invention. That is, when kneading cellulose and hydrophilic gum, the inventors of the present application kneaded with a high kneading energy in a semi-solid state in which the kneaded product has a high viscosity as a solid content of a specific concentration or higher.
- the present invention is as follows. (1) A cellulose composite containing cellulose and a hydrophilic gum, wherein the storage elastic modulus (G ′) is 0.06 Pa or more in a pH 4 aqueous dispersion containing 1% by mass of the cellulose composite. . (2) The cellulose composite according to (1), wherein the hydrophilic gum is an anionic polysaccharide. (3) The cellulose composite according to (1) or (2), wherein the hydrophilic gum is a branched anionic polysaccharide. (4) The cellulose composite according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the hydrophilic gum is at least one selected from the group consisting of gellan gum, xanthan gum, karaya gum, and psyllium seed gum.
- a method for producing a cellulose composite containing cellulose and hydrophilic gum comprising a step of kneading a kneaded product of cellulose having a solid content concentration of 20% by mass or more and a hydrophilic gum with a kneading energy of 50 Wh / kg or more.
- the method for producing a cellulose composite wherein a storage elastic modulus (G ′) in a pH 4 aqueous dispersion containing 1% by mass of the cellulose composite is 0.06 Pa or more.
- G ′ storage elastic modulus
- the present invention can provide a cellulose composite having a low viscosity and excellent dispersion stability and suspension stability in an aqueous dispersion having an acidic or high salt concentration.
- foods and drinks such as fruit juice drinks, acidic milk drinks, and liquid seasonings
- foods and drinks excellent in dispersion stability can be provided.
- a water-insoluble component such as a functional food material is added to these foods and drinks, the foods and drinks having excellent suspension stability that suppress their separation, aggregation, sedimentation, etc. and exhibit a uniform appearance Can provide.
- FIG. 1 is a strain-stress curve obtained by measuring viscoelasticity of an aqueous dispersion of 1% by mass of cellulose composite A (see Example 1).
- FIG. 2 is a strain-stress curve obtained by measuring viscoelasticity of an aqueous dispersion of 1% by mass of cellulose composite K (see Comparative Example 3).
- the cellulose composite of the present invention is a cellulose composite containing cellulose and a hydrophilic gum.
- the term “complexing” as used in the present invention means that the surface of cellulose is coated with a hydrophilic gum by chemical bonds such as hydrogen bonds.
- cellulose is a naturally derived water-insoluble fibrous material containing cellulose.
- raw materials include wood, bamboo, wheat straw, rice straw, cotton, ramie, bagasse, kenaf, beet, squirts, and bacterial cellulose. Even if one kind of natural cellulosic material is used as a raw material, a mixture of two or more kinds can be used.
- the average polymerization degree of cellulose used in the present invention is preferably crystalline cellulose of 500 or less.
- the average degree of polymerization can be measured by a reduced specific viscosity method using a copper ethylenediamine solution specified in the crystalline cellulose confirmation test (3) of “14th revised Japanese pharmacopoeia” (published by Yodogawa Shoten). If the average degree of polymerization is 500 or less, the cellulosic substance is preferably subjected to physical treatment such as stirring, pulverization, and grinding in the step of compounding with the hydrophilic gum, and the compounding is facilitated, which is preferable. More preferably, the average degree of polymerization is 300 or less, and still more preferably, the average degree of polymerization is 250 or less. The lower the average degree of polymerization, the easier the control of complexing. Therefore, the lower limit is not particularly limited, but a preferred range is 10 or more.
- Examples of a method for controlling the average degree of polymerization include hydrolysis treatment.
- the hydrolysis treatment By the hydrolysis treatment, the depolymerization of the amorphous cellulose inside the cellulose fiber proceeds, and the average degree of polymerization decreases.
- impurities such as hemicellulose and lignin are removed by the hydrolysis treatment, so that the inside of the fiber becomes porous.
- the method of hydrolysis is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acid hydrolysis, hydrothermal decomposition, steam explosion, and microwave decomposition. These methods may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an average polymerization is easily carried out by adding an appropriate amount of a protonic acid, a carboxylic acid, a Lewis acid, a heteropolyacid, and the like while stirring the cellulose-based substance in an aqueous medium, and heating while stirring. You can control the degree.
- the reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, and time at this time vary depending on the cellulose species, cellulose concentration, acid species, and acid concentration, but are appropriately adjusted so as to achieve the desired average degree of polymerization.
- the conditions of processing a cellulose for 10 minutes or more under 100 degreeC or more and pressurization using 2 mass% or less mineral acid aqueous solution are mentioned. Under these conditions, a catalyst component such as an acid penetrates into the inside of the cellulose fiber, the hydrolysis is accelerated, the amount of the catalyst component to be used is reduced, and subsequent purification is facilitated.
- the cellulose in the cellulose composite of the present invention preferably has a fine particle shape.
- the cellulose particle shape was obtained by making the cellulose composite of the present invention into a pure water suspension at a concentration of 1% by mass and treating it with a high shear homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7”): A high-resolution scanning type is obtained by diluting an aqueous dispersion dispersed at a rotational speed of 15,000 rpm ⁇ 5 minutes) with pure water to 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, cast on mica, and air-dried.
- a high shear homogenizer manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7”
- L / D is preferably less than 20, more preferably 15 or less, further preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, particularly preferably less than 5, and most preferably 4 or less.
- the hydrophilic gum is a hydrophilic polymer substance containing sugar or polysaccharide as part of its chemical structure.
- the hydrophilic property means that a part of the material is dissolved in pure water at room temperature.
- 0.05 g of this new aqueous gum is dissolved in 50 mL of pure water with stirring (stirrer chip) until equilibrium, and is passed through a membrane filter with an opening of 1 ⁇ m.
- the component to be contained is contained in the hydrophilic gum in an amount of 1% by mass or more.
- a polysaccharide is used as the hydrophilic gum, the following are suitable.
- psyllium seed gum CSG
- locust bean gum guar gum
- tamarind seed gum karaya gum
- chitosan gum arabic
- gati gum tragacanth gum
- agar carrageenan
- alginic acid sodium alginate, calcium alginate
- HM pectin LM pectin
- azotobacter examples include cellulose derivatives such as vinelansy gum, xanthan gum, curdlan, pullulan, dextran, gellan gum, gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and hydroxyethylcellulose. Two or more of these hydrophilic gums may be combined.
- anionic polysaccharide Among the above-mentioned hydrophilic gums, those that release cations in water and become anions themselves are called anionic polysaccharides.
- the use of an anionic polysaccharide as the hydrophilic gum is preferable because it facilitates complexing with cellulose and increases the acid resistance and salt resistance of the cellulose composite.
- Examples include cellulose derivatives such as psyllium seed gum (CSG), karaya gum, carrageenan, alginic acid, sodium alginate, calcium alginate, HM pectin, LM pectin, azotobacter vinelandie gum, xanthan gum, gellan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose calcium.
- CSG psyllium seed gum
- carrageenan alginic acid
- alginate sodium alginate
- calcium alginate calcium alginate
- HM pectin LM pectin
- azotobacter vinelandie gum xanthan gum
- gellan gum sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- carboxymethylcellulose calcium examples include cellulose derivatives such as psyllium seed gum (CSG), karaya gum, carrageenan, alginic acid, sodium alginate, calcium alginate, HM pectin, LM pectin, azotobacter vinelandie gum, xanthan gum, gellan gum
- branched anionic polysaccharide those having a branched structure in the chemical structure are called branched anionic polysaccharides. It is preferable to use a branched anionic polysaccharide as the hydrophilic gum in the cellulose composite of the present invention because the acid resistance of the cellulose composite is further increased.
- the branched structure here means that one or more of the three hydroxyl groups (C6-position is a primary alcohol) in the hexasaccharide contained in the polysaccharide is substituted with a higher molecular weight substituent than methylol through a chemical bond. It is the structure that is done.
- the substituent is preferably a sugar or polysaccharide structure via an ether bond. The following are preferred as the branched anionic polysaccharide.
- Examples include psyllium seed gum (CSG), karaya gum, xanthan gum, and gellan gum. These anionic polysaccharides may be used in combination of two or more.
- psyllium seed gum is particularly preferable when it is combined with cellulose, because the dispersion stability and suspension stability of the cellulose composite are improved.
- Psyllium seed gum is a polysaccharide (gum) obtained from the seed coat of a plant of the plantain family (Plantago ovata Forskal). Specific examples include polysaccharides obtained from Isagor and plantago / Obata seed coats.
- the psyllium seed gum (CSG) of the present invention contains a contaminant as long as it contains a polysaccharide (gum) obtained from the seed coat of the plant of the above plant family (Plantago ovata Forskal). Also applies.
- a gum obtained by extracting the polysaccharide with a solvent such as water, a husk whose outer skin has been pulverized, a combination of them, and any of them are included.
- they may be in any state of powder, lump, cake, or liquid.
- the chemical structure of CSG is a non-cellulose polysaccharide in which the main chain is highly branched as xylan and the side chain is composed of arabinose, xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose.
- the sugar constituent ratio in the side chain is about 60% by mass of D-xylose, about 20% by mass of L-arabinose, about 10% by mass of L-rhamnose, and about 10% by mass of D-galacturonic acid. These mass ratios are about 5% by mass depending on the raw material of CSG and the manufacturing process of CSG.
- CSG may be hydrolyzed with an acid, xylanase-like enzyme or the like in order to adjust the viscosity.
- the CSG preferably has a viscosity of 200 mPa ⁇ s or less measured with a 1% by mass pure aqueous solution.
- the viscosity refers to a viscometer (TVB-10 type viscometer manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) after filling a 200 ml beaker with an aqueous solution prepared to 1% by mass in pure water and adjusting the temperature to 25 ° C. ) Is used to indicate the measured value immediately after rotating the rotor at 60 rpm for 30 seconds (however, the rotor can be appropriately changed depending on the viscosity.
- TVB-10 type viscometer manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the rotor used is as follows: 1 to 20 mPa ⁇ s: BL type 21 to 100 mPa ⁇ s: No1, 101 to 300 mPa ⁇ s: No2, 301 mPa ⁇ s: No3).
- the lower limit is not particularly set, but the range obtained as an industrial raw material is preferably 5 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) of a pH 4 aqueous dispersion containing 1% by mass of the cellulose composite is 0.06 Pa or more.
- the storage elastic modulus represents the rheological elasticity of the aqueous dispersion, and represents the degree of complexation of cellulose and hydrophilic gum, or of cellulose, hydrophilic gum and other water-soluble gums. Is.
- the more rigid the network structure the better the dispersion stability and suspension stability of the cellulose composite.
- Conventional cellulose has a low storage elastic modulus at an acidic or high salt concentration, and extremely low dispersion stability and suspension stability.
- the cellulose composite of the present invention exhibits a high storage elastic modulus even at an acidic or high salt concentration, and is excellent in dispersion stability and suspension stability.
- the storage elastic modulus is a value obtained by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement of an aqueous dispersion in which a cellulose composite is dispersed in an aqueous medium having a pH of 4.
- An elastic component that holds the stress stored in the cellulose composite network structure when the aqueous dispersion is distorted appears as a storage elastic modulus.
- the cellulose composite was subjected to a high shear homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7” treatment condition: 15,000 rpm ⁇ 5 minutes). And dispersed in pure water to prepare a 1.8% by mass pure water dispersion.
- the aqueous dispersion was mixed with 0.2 M Mclvaine buffer (0.2 M disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 M citric acid aqueous solution) at a pH of 4 to adjust the concentration of the cellulose complex to 1 mass.
- aqueous dispersion is allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 days.
- the strain dependence of the stress of this aqueous dispersion was measured using a viscoelasticity measuring device (Rheometric Scientific, Inc., ARES100FRTN1 type, geometry: Double Wall Couette type, temperature: 25.0 ° C constant, angular velocity: 20 rad / sec, strain: Sweeping within the range of 1 ⁇ 794%, the aqueous dispersion is slowly charged using a dropper so as not to break the fine structure, and is allowed to stand for 5 minutes, and then measurement is started in the Dynamic Strain mode.
- the storage elastic modulus in the present invention is a value of 20% strain on the strain-stress curve obtained by the above measurement.
- the storage elastic modulus of the cellulose composite is preferably 0.15 or more, more preferably 0.2 Pa or more, and further preferably 0.5 Pa or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly set, but it is 6.0 Pa or less in consideration of ease of drinking when it is used as a beverage.
- the amount is 6.0 Pa or less, the amount of the mouthpiece is light when the addition amount of the cellulose composite that provides sufficient suspension stability (depending on the beverage, for example, 0.1 to 1.0% by mass for fruit juice beverages) Therefore, it is preferable.
- the addition amount of the cellulose composite is low (for example, 0.5% by mass or less) in order to adjust the texture, it is difficult to cause aggregation or the like with water-insoluble components other than cellulose.
- the cellulose composite of the present invention is characterized in that the spread of the hydrophilic gum extending radially from the cellulose surface is sufficiently large even under acidic conditions.
- the larger the spread of the hydrophilic gum extending from the cellulose surface the easier it becomes to entangle with the hydrophilic gum of the adjacent cellulose composite.
- the entanglement between the cellulose composites occurs densely, the network structure becomes rigid, the storage elastic modulus (G ′) is improved, and the dispersion stability and suspension stability are increased.
- the spread of the hydrophilic gum can be measured by the following method.
- the cellulose composite was put into pure water using a high shear homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7” treatment condition: 15,000 rpm ⁇ 5 minutes, total amount 300 g). Disperse to prepare a 1.0% by mass pure water dispersion.
- the aqueous dispersion is mixed with McClvaine buffer (0.2 M disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.1 M citric acid aqueous solution) at 0.2 M and pH 3.5 to adjust the concentration of the cellulose complex. After adjusting to 0.5 mass% (ion concentration 0.06 mol / l, pH 4.0), the concentration of the cellulose composite is diluted to 0.1 mass% with pure water.
- the obtained aqueous dispersion is allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 days or more. Slowly suck out 5 ⁇ l using a dropper so as not to break the fine structure of the water dispersion, slowly drop it onto the 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm wall-opened mica, blow off excess water with an air duster, and fix it on the mica.
- the sample thus obtained is observed with an AFM (using a scanning probe microscope SPM-9700 manufactured by Shimadzu Corp., phase mode, using a probe OMCL-AC240TS manufactured by Olympus).
- the cellulose particles are observed as rod-like particles having a height of 2 nm or more, and a hydrophilic gum having a height of less than 2 nm extending radially from the cellulose particles to the periphery can be observed.
- a hydrophilic gum having a height of less than 2 nm extending radially from the cellulose particles to the periphery can be observed.
- a branched anionic polysaccharide as the hydrophilic gum because this spread becomes larger.
- psyllium seed gum as the hydrophilic gum because this spread is further increased.
- the cellulose composite of the present invention preferably contains 50 to 99% by mass of cellulose and 1 to 50% by mass of hydrophilic gum.
- the cellulose composite of the present invention preferably further contains a water-soluble gum other than the hydrophilic gum.
- the water-soluble gum is preferably a gum that has high water swellability and is easily complexed with cellulose.
- locust bean gum for example, locust bean gum, guar gum, tamarind seed gum, caraya gum, chitosan, gum arabic, agar, carrageenan, alginic acid, sodium alginate (hereinafter referred to as “ARG-Na”), HM pectin, LM pectin (hereinafter referred to as “LMP”).
- ARG-Na alginic acid
- ARG-Na sodium alginate
- HM pectin HM pectin
- LM pectin hereinafter referred to as “LMP”.
- Azotobacter vinelanzie gum Azotobacter vinelanzie gum, xanthan gum, curdlan, pullulan, dextran, gellan gum (hereinafter referred to as “GLG”), gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (hereinafter referred to as “CMC-Na”), carboxymethylcellulose calcium, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose And cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethyl cellulose. Two or more of these water-soluble gums may be combined.
- water-soluble gums one or more selected from CMC-Na, LMP, ARG-Na, and GLG are preferable. These gums are preferable because they are easily combined with cellulose and hydrophilic gum.
- CMC-Na is one in which the hydroxyl group of cellulose is substituted with monochloroacetic acid and has a linear chemical structure in which D-glucose is linked by ⁇ -1,4.
- CMC-Na is obtained by dissolving pulp (cellulose) with sodium hydroxide solution and etherifying with monochloro acid (or its sodium salt).
- CMC-Na having a substitution degree and a viscosity adjusted within a specific range from the viewpoint of complexation.
- the degree of substitution is the degree to which a carboxymethyl group is ether-bonded to a hydroxyl group in cellulose, and is preferably 0.6 to 2.0. If the degree of substitution is in the above range, it is preferable because the dispersibility of CMC-Na is sufficient and the production is easy. More preferably, the degree of substitution is 0.6 to 1.3.
- the viscosity of CMC-Na is preferably 500 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 200 mPa ⁇ s or less, and further preferably 50 mPa ⁇ s or less in a 1% by mass pure aqueous solution. Particularly preferably, it is 20 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the lower the viscosity of CMC-Na the easier the complexing with cellulose and hydrophilic gum is promoted, and the lower limit is not particularly set, but the preferred range is 1 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- LMP means a structure having an acidic polysaccharide (gum) mainly composed of galacturonic acid and several neutral sugars. What has this chemical structure corresponds to LMP in this invention irrespective of a raw material and a manufacturing method.
- Pectin binds to cellulose and the like in plant tissues and exists as an insoluble component in water, and thus can be obtained by separating it from protopectin together with other soluble components under high temperature acidity.
- LMP exists in the above-mentioned galacturonic acid in two forms, a methyl ester form and an acid, but the degree of esterification (the ratio of galacturonic acid present in the ester form) is less than 50%. From the viewpoint of complexing with a hydrophilic gum.
- ARG-Na is a structure in which ⁇ -L-glucuronic acid and ⁇ -D-mannuronic acid have a pyranose-type 1,4-glycosidic structure. Regardless of the production method, it corresponds to ARG-Na in the present invention.
- ARG-Na is a kind of polysaccharide mainly contained in brown algae represented by seaweed, kombu, and hijiki.
- alginic acid is obtained from raw algae such as Lessonia, Macrocystis, Kajime, Davilia, Ascofilum, etc., which have a high alginate content.
- Algaic acid is obtained by acid-treating the pulverized raw algae and extracting the pulverized one by acid treatment and filtering the resulting precipitate. This alginic acid is sodiumated with sodium carbonate or the like, dried and pulverized to obtain powdered sodium alginate.
- the ARG-Na aqueous solution is neutral and exhibits a smooth viscosity.
- the viscosity of ARG-Na is preferably 300 mPa ⁇ s or less in a 1% by mass pure aqueous solution. More preferably, the viscosity is 100 mPa ⁇ s or less. More preferably, the viscosity is 30 mPa ⁇ s or less. The lower the viscosity, the more preferable it is to make complex with cellulose and hydrophilic gum.
- GLG is a product obtained by deacetylating a microbial polysaccharide produced outside the cell by a microorganism called Sphingomo elodea.
- GLG is a linear heteropolysaccharide, is composed of repeating units of four sugars, glucose, glucuronic acid, glucose and L-rhamnose, and has a carboxyl group derived from glucuronic acid.
- the deacyl type is obtained by removing the acetyl group and glyceryl group.
- the native type 1 residue of glyceryl group and an average of 1/2 residue of acetyl group are bonded to a glucose residue.
- both the deacylated type and the native type can be used.
- the deacylated type is preferable because it has the above-described structure, so that complexation with cellulose and hydrophilic gum is facilitated.
- CMC-Na or LMP Most preferable from the viewpoint of complexation is CMC-Na.
- the mass ratio of the hydrophilic gum to the water-soluble gum is preferably 30/70 to 99/1.
- the cellulose composite of the present invention includes the cellulose composite of the present invention having a wide pH range from weakly alkaline (pH 8) to acidic (pH 3) because the hydrophilic gum and the water-soluble gum are in the above-mentioned range.
- the cellulose composite of the present invention exhibits dispersion stability and suspension stability.
- the suspension stability of the cellulose composite of the present invention in the acidic region (pH 5 or less) of the aqueous dispersion is particularly excellent.
- the blending ratio of these hydrophilic gums and water-soluble gums is more preferably 40/60 to 90/10, still more preferably 40/60 to 80/20.
- the volume average particle size of the cellulose composite is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the volume average particle size was determined by treating the cellulose composite with a pure water suspension at a concentration of 1% by mass, and treating with a high shear homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7”). : Volume obtained by dispersion at a rotational speed of 15,000 rpm ⁇ 5 minutes) and laser diffraction (manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd., trade name “LA-910”, ultrasonic treatment for 1 minute, refractive index 1.20) It is the cumulative 50% particle size in the frequency particle size distribution.
- the cellulose composite is preferably composed of cellulose composite fine particles having a volume average particle diameter of 0.01 to 200 ⁇ m.
- these fine particles are aggregated to form secondary aggregates having an apparent weight average particle diameter of 10 to 250 ⁇ m.
- This secondary aggregate is disintegrated when stirred in water and dispersed in the above-mentioned cellulose composite fine particles.
- This apparent weight average particle diameter was obtained by sieving 10 g of a sample for 10 minutes using a low-tap type sieve shaker (Sieve Shaker A type manufactured by Hira Kogakusho) and a JIS standard sieve (Z8801-1987).
- the cumulative weight is 50% particle size in the particle size distribution.
- the weight-average particle diameter of the secondary aggregate of the cellulose composite after drying and the volume-average particle diameter of the cellulose composite in the dispersion by laser diffraction were completely different in measurement principle, and thus were obtained respectively. The values are not necessarily correlated.
- the volume average particle diameter of the cellulose composite is 20 ⁇ m or less, the dispersion stability and suspension stability of the cellulose composite are more easily improved.
- a food containing a cellulose composite is eaten, a smooth texture with no roughness can be provided.
- the volume average particle diameter is 15 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 8 ⁇ m or less. Since the dispersion stability and suspension stability of the cellulose composite are more easily improved as the volume average particle size is smaller, the lower limit is not particularly limited, but a preferable range is 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the cellulose composite preferably contains 30% by mass or more of the colloidal cellulose component.
- the content of the colloidal cellulose component as used herein means that the cellulose composite is made into a pure water suspension at a concentration of 1% by mass, and a high shear homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7”).
- Processing conditions Dispersed at 15,000 rpm ⁇ 5 minutes” and centrifuged (trade name “6800 type centrifuge”, rotor type RA-400, manufactured by Kubota Corporation), processing conditions: centrifugal force 2, 000 rpm (5600 G * G is gravitational acceleration) ⁇ 15 minutes) and is a mass percentage of solid content (including cellulose, hydrophilic gum, and water-soluble gum) remaining in the supernatant after centrifugation.
- the size of the colloidal cellulose component is 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5.0 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the size here refers to a cellulose composite made into a pure water suspension at a concentration of 1% by mass, and a high shear homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7”). 15,000 rpm ⁇ 5 minutes), volume frequency particle size distribution obtained by laser diffraction method (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., trade name “LA-910”, ultrasonic treatment 1 minute, refractive index 1.20) This is the 50% cumulative particle diameter (volume average particle diameter).
- the content of the colloidal cellulose component is 30% by mass or more, the dispersion stability and the suspension stability are more easily improved.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but a preferred range is 100% by mass or less.
- a hydrophilic substance may be further added to the cellulose composite of the present invention for the purpose of enhancing the dispersibility in water.
- a hydrophilic substance is an organic substance that is highly soluble in cold water and hardly causes viscosity.
- Hydrophilic polysaccharides such as starch hydrolysates, dextrins, indigestible dextrin, polydextrose, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides , Maltooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, lactose, maltose, sucrose, oligosaccharides such as ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, sorbose, sugar alcohols such as maltitol, sorbit, erythritolkinds etc. are suitable. Two or more kinds of these hydrophilic substances may be combined. Among the above, hydrophilic polysaccharides such as starch hydrolysates, dextrins, indigestible dextrins, and polydextrose are preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility.
- the cellulose composite satisfying the specific storage elastic modulus of the present invention is obtained by imparting mechanical shearing force to cellulose and hydrophilic gum in the kneading step to make the cellulose finer and to make the hydrophilic gum complex on the cellulose surface. can get. Moreover, you may add water-soluble gums other than hydrophilic gum, another additive, etc. What passed through the above-mentioned process is dried as needed.
- the cellulose composite of the present invention may be in any form such as an undried one and a dried one after the mechanical shearing described above.
- a kneading method using a kneader or the like can be applied.
- a kneading machine a kneader, an extruder, a planetary mixer, a reiki machine or the like can be used, and it may be a continuous type or a batch type.
- the temperature at the time of kneading may be a result, but when heat is generated due to a compounding reaction, friction, or the like at the time of kneading, the kneading may be performed while removing the heat.
- These models can be used alone, but two or more models can be used in combination. These models may be appropriately selected depending on the viscosity requirements in various applications.
- the kneading temperature is preferably 0 to 100 ° C, more preferably 10 to 90 ° C, particularly preferably 20 to 70 ° C, further preferably 20 to 60 ° C, and most preferably 20 to 50 ° C.
- slow heating such as jacket cooling and heat dissipation.
- the solid content during kneading is preferably 20% by mass or more. It is preferable to knead the kneaded material in a semi-solid state where the viscosity of the kneaded material is high, because the kneaded material does not become a shab-subber state, and the kneading energy described below is easily transmitted to the kneaded material, and the compounding is promoted.
- the solid content at the time of kneading is more preferably 30% by mass or more, and further preferably 40% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but the practical range is preferably 90% by mass or less, considering that the kneaded product does not become a crumbly state with a small amount of water and a sufficient kneading effect and a uniform kneading state can be obtained. More preferably, it is 70 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 60 mass% or less. Moreover, in order to make solid content into the said range, as a timing to add water, a required amount may be added before a kneading
- the kneading energy is defined by the amount of electric power (Wh / kg) per unit mass of the kneaded product.
- the kneading energy is preferably 50 Wh / kg or more.
- the grindability imparted to the kneaded product is high, and the complexing of cellulose with a hydrophilic gum, other water-soluble gums, etc. is promoted, and the acidic or high salt concentration cellulose composite This improves the dispersion stability and suspension stability. More preferably, it is 80 Wh / kg or more, More preferably, it is 100 Wh / kg or more.
- the degree of complexation is considered to be the proportion of hydrogen bonds between cellulose and other components. As the compounding progresses, the proportion of hydrogen bonds increases and the effect of the present invention improves. Moreover, the storage elastic modulus (G ′) of the cellulose composite increases as the composite progresses.
- the kneaded product obtained from the above-mentioned kneading step when drying the kneaded product obtained from the above-mentioned kneading step, known methods such as shelf drying, spray drying, belt drying, fluidized bed drying, freeze drying, microwave drying, etc. The drying method can be used.
- the moisture content of the dried cellulose composite is preferably 1 to 20% by mass. By setting the moisture content to 20% or less, problems such as stickiness and rot, and cost problems in transportation and transportation are less likely to occur. More preferably, it is 15% or less, and particularly preferably 10% or less.
- dispersibility does not deteriorate because of excessive drying. More preferably, it is 1.5% or more.
- the cellulose composite When the cellulose composite is distributed on the market, it is preferable to pulverize the cellulose composite obtained by drying into a powder because the powder is easier to handle.
- spray drying is used as a drying method, drying and pulverization can be performed at the same time, so pulverization is not necessary.
- a known method such as a cutter mill, a hammer mill, a pin mill, or a jet mill can be used.
- the degree of pulverization is such that the pulverized product passes through a sieve having an opening of 1 mm. More preferably, it is preferable to pulverize all the sieves having an opening of 425 ⁇ m and an average particle size (weight average particle size) of 10 to 250 ⁇ m.
- a stable colloidal dispersion having a smooth structure in which cellulose is easily dispersed and the cellulose is uniformly dispersed is formed.
- cellulose does not cause aggregation or separation, and forms a stable colloidal dispersion. Therefore, it exhibits an excellent function as a stabilizer or the like.
- the cellulose composite of the present invention is suitable for an acidic or high salt concentration food or drink having a pH of 5 or less or a salt concentration of 0.01 mol / L or more.
- ⁇ Amount added to acidic food and drink> Although there is no restriction
- ⁇ Insoluble component> it is suitable for foods and drinks having an acidic or high salt concentration containing a water-insoluble component.
- the water-insoluble component is a component that does not dissolve in water, and in the present invention, means a component that passes through a 10-mm aperture sieve. More preferably, it passes through a 5 mm sieve, and more preferably passes through a 2 mm sieve. Water-insoluble components become unstable at acidic or high salt concentrations, but excellent suspension stability can be obtained by adding the cellulose composite of the present invention.
- Water-insoluble components include protein in foods and beverages, lactic acid bacteria contained in fruit scraps, lactic acid bacteria beverages, pulp content in vegetable juice beverages, milk calcium, calcium carbonate, beta glucan, protein (soy protein, milk Protein, collagen), functional food materials having a higher specific gravity than water such as turmeric, litchi, etc., ubidecalenone compounds such as coenzyme Q10, omega-3 compounds such as docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, or esters thereof, and water such as ceramide compounds Examples include functional food materials with low specific gravity.
- the functional food material described above is preferably added in an amount of 0.01% by mass or more based on the beverage, although it depends on the daily intake of the beverage and the effectiveness of the material. More preferably, it is 0.05 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 0.1 mass% or more.
- acidic foods and drinks having a pH of 5 or less include vegetable juice and / or fruit juice, vegetable juice and / or fruit juice, and vegetable fruit and milk beverages including milk such as milk and soy milk, acid milk beverages, Lactic acid bacteria beverages such as drink yogurt, sports beverages, healthy vinegar beverages such as fruit vinegar diluted with water, acidic beverages such as fruit vinegar, ice cream, soft cream, sherbet, etc. added with fruit juice for the purpose of seasoning fruits, etc.
- Acidic foods such as gel foods such as ice confectionery, jelly, jam and the like can be mentioned.
- what was pulverized by freeze-drying, spray drying, etc. as an intermediate product also corresponds to the acidic food-drinks of this invention.
- the definition of acidity that the pH is 5 or less refers to the pH when the food and drink of the above-described form subjected to various processes is stored for one day or more in the distribution stage, or when the food or drink is provided for food or drink. .
- a measuring method of pH after removing the solid content in the above-mentioned food and drink by centrifugation and / or filtration, it can be measured using a pH meter (pH meter D-50 manufactured by HORIBA).
- the vegetable juice drink contains 10% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less of vegetable juice and / or fruit juice as components other than the cellulose complex.
- “containing 10% by mass or more of vegetable juice and fruit juice” means that the ratio of vegetable juice to the whole beverage is 10% by mass or more in straight conversion.
- “Vegetable juice” refers to vegetable juice, vegetable puree, dried powder of vegetables, or a mixture thereof. Vegetables that are generally bluish and difficult to drink are used as raw materials. For example, fruit vegetables such as tomatoes, peppers, pumpkins, leaf vegetables such as cabbage, spinach, lettuce, parsley, watercress, kale, komatsuna, etc., root vegetables such as carrots, radishes, beef bowls, stem vegetables such as asparagus, Broccoli, cauliflower, etc. are mentioned as flower vegetables such as celery.
- Green vegetables include young barley leaves, kale, tomorrow leaves, alfalfa, morroheiya, young wheat leaves, young wheat leaves, broccoli, broccoli sprout, cabbage, komatsuna, radish leaves, radish, mizuna, mustard, watercress, cress sprout, wasabi
- Examples include leaves and spinach.
- the production method and production conditions of vegetable juice are not particularly limited, and may be performed by a known method.
- Examples of the method for producing the juice include a method of crushing and squeezing the vegetable after blanching the vegetable, a method of squeezing the juice at a low temperature, and the like.
- a puree production method after blanching vegetables, they are lined with a pulper or finisher or crushed with a stone mortar.
- the method of crushing and manufacturing finely with a mixer is mentioned.
- Fruit juice is a liquid squeezed from fruit.
- Fruits include citrus fruits, apples, grapes, peaches, pineapples, guava, bananas, mangoes, cassis, blueberries, acerola, prunes, papayas, passion fruits, plums, pears, apricots, litchis, melons, pears, plums, etc. Is mentioned. You may use a fruit individually or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- Citrus fruit refers to the fruit of a plant belonging to the citrus fruit family. Specifically, mandarin oranges such as Wenzhou mandarin orange, Kishu mandarin orange, Ponkan, Angkor, Mandarin, Danzerin, Koji, Sikhwasha, Tachibana, Shiranui, etc.
- Oranges such as Valencia Orange, Navel Orange, Blood Orange, Tancan, Iyo, Marcot, Kiyomi, Orlando, Mineola, Seminole and other Tangor Tanzero, Mexican Lime, Tahitian Lime and other limes, Portugal Lemon, Eureka Lemon, Diamante, Lemon citrons such as etrog, Bunpeille, Buntan such as Tosa Bungtan, Grapefruit such as Duncan, Marsh, Thomson, Ruby Red, Yuzus such as Yuzu, Kabos, Sudachi, Hanayu, Scratches, Kin Down, the trifoliate orange can be exemplified.
- orange fruit juice is important to maintain a flavor balance such as acidity and bitterness when mixed with vegetable beverages and drink, and the present invention is effective because it is effective even in small amounts.
- the method and conditions for producing the fruit juice are not particularly limited, and may be carried out according to a known method, and the concentration rate and concentration method of the fruit juice are not limited at all.
- the present invention is also suitable for vegetable fruit juice beverages to which protein has been added.
- the protein include milk protein, vegetable protein (soy protein), collagen, and the like, and two or more kinds selected from these may be mixed and used.
- the amount of the protein to be strengthened is preferably 0.1% by mass or more from the viewpoint that a large amount of protein can be ingested at one time. 0.5 mass% or more is more preferable, and 1.0 mass% or more is further more preferable.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but 10% by mass or less is preferable in consideration of the viscosity of the beverage and ease of drinking.
- HMP HM pectin
- casein casein
- soybean polysaccharide a protein surface protectant
- HMP means the degree of esterification (percentage of galacturonic acid present in the form of ester) in pectin having a structure with acidic polysaccharides (gum) mainly composed of galacturonic acid and several neutral sugars. Means 50% or more. What has this chemical structure corresponds to HMP in this invention irrespective of a raw material and a manufacturing method.
- Casein is a kind of milk protein contained in milk, and is generally extracted as milk solids.
- Casein is a phosphoprotein (phosphorylated protein) in which phosphoric acid is bound to many of serine-derived portions (serine residues) among amino acids constituting the protein.
- the components of casein are not a single protein, but are classified into three types: ⁇ -casein (alpha casein), ⁇ -casein (beta casein), and ⁇ -casein (kappa casein). Regardless of these compositions, it refers to a composition comprising one or more kinds.
- Soybean polysaccharide is a polysaccharide obtained by extraction and purification under weak acidity from insoluble dietary fiber (Okara) produced during the production of soybean protein.
- the chemical structure is composed of galactose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, xylose, fucose, glucose, and galactan and arabinan bonded to the rhamnogalacturonic acid chain.
- the addition amount of HMP and soybean polysaccharide is preferably 1/20 (mass ratio) or more, more preferably 1/10 or more, and even more preferably 1/5 or more based on the total amount of protein added to the vegetable fruit juice beverage.
- An example of the addition method is a method of preparing an aqueous protein solution / or aqueous suspension, adding HMP and / or soybean polysaccharide thereto, and stirring the solution. Thereby, the protein surface is coated with HMP and / or soybean polysaccharide (at this stage, vegetable juice and fruit juice may coexist). Thereafter, the cellulose composite of the present invention is added. It is preferable to add a cellulose composite previously dispersed in water because the effects of suspension stability, prevention of water separation and the like are enhanced.
- the addition amount of casein is preferably 1/40 (mass ratio) or more, more preferably 1/20 or more, and even more preferably 1/10 or more with respect to the total amount of protein added to the vegetable juice beverage.
- an aqueous dispersion of the cellulose composite of the present invention is prepared, and casein is added thereto (casein may be added as an aqueous solution or a dry powder) and stirred. Is given as an example. Thereby, the surface of the cellulose composite is coated with casein (at this stage, vegetable juice and fruit juice may coexist). Thereafter, the protein is added. It is preferable to add a protein that has been previously dispersed or dissolved in water, because the effects of suspension stability, prevention of water separation and the like are enhanced.
- the vegetable juice milk drink is obtained by strengthening the protein in the drink by adding milk or soy milk to the vegetable fruit juice drink.
- Milk and soy milk may be used alone or in combination, and the amount ratio is not limited.
- the vegetable juice milk beverage to which the cellulose composite of the present invention is added preferably contains 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of the above milk and soy milk from the viewpoint of drinking milk and soy milk.
- “containing 5% by mass or more of milk and soy milk” means the ratio of milk to the whole beverage even when the above-described milk or soy milk is added as processed milk such as non-fat milk and low-fat milk. Means 5% by mass or more in straight conversion.
- Acidic milk beverages are those that use milk or dairy products, regardless of the amount, as defined by a ministerial ordinance (milk ordinance ordinance) regarding ingredient standards of milk and dairy products.
- milk and dairy products include liquid milk such as cow milk and processed milk, cream, skim milk powder, whole milk powder, fermented milk, and the like.
- the acidic milk beverage of the present invention includes fermented milk beverages and non-fermented milk beverages.
- the acidic milk beverage of the present invention has a pH of preferably 3 to 5, more preferably 3.3 to 4.5, and particularly preferably 3.6 to 4.4. When the pH is within this range, it is preferable in terms of the taste of the beverage.
- Organic as well as inorganic edible acids may be used to adjust the pH.
- Organic and inorganic edible acids may be those generally used in foods.
- lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, phosphoric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid Succinic acid, potassium hydrogen phosphate or sodium, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium, fruit juice, or the like can be used.
- lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, and acetic acid are preferable in terms of sourness.
- the lactic acid bacteria beverage is a beverage containing 0.01% by mass or more of live or dead lactic acid bacteria.
- the base of the beverage may be a milk beverage, a fruit juice beverage, a soft drink or the like.
- the lactic acid bacteria beverage containing viable bacteria include yogurt, plant lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquor and the like appropriately diluted with the above-mentioned beverage base or water. Since the effect of the present invention increases as the blending amount of lactic acid bacteria increases, the lactic acid bacteria content is more preferably 0.05% by mass, and still more preferably 0.1% by mass or more.
- a sports drink is a drink suitable for drinking during sports or after sports. That is, it refers to soft drinks that can efficiently replenish water, electrolytes, minerals, and energy lost by sweating during exercise.
- various seasonings, nutritional components, and the like can be blended according to preference.
- any colorants, amino acids, vitamins, mineral salts, fragrances and the like can be added as long as they are included in normal sports drinks.
- the sports drink is characterized by containing citric acid or a salt thereof in a predetermined ratio. It does not specifically limit as a method of making a sports drink contain citric acid or its salt, You may carry out by mix
- the amount of citric acid is preferably 0.15 to 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 0.5% by mass, and most preferably 0.3 to 0.5% by mass.
- Vinegar drinks are suitable for drinking for health promotion and health maintenance.
- Vinegar is broadly classified into “brewed vinegar” and “synthetic vinegar” according to Japanese Agricultural Standards. “Brewed vinegar” is distinguished by the type of raw material and the amount of raw material used. Grain vinegar obtained using a raw material containing a predetermined amount or more of grain, or fruit vinegar obtained using a raw material containing a predetermined amount or more of fruit or fruit juice Other than the above, there are brewed vinegars other than grain vinegar and fruit vinegar.
- grain vinegar include barley vinegar, rice vinegar, malt vinegar, wheat vinegar, sake lees vinegar, moromi vinegar, millet vinegar, pure rice vinegar, brown rice vinegar, brown rice black vinegar, and barley black vinegar.
- fruit vinegar examples include apple vinegar, grape vinegar, white wine vinegar, red wine vinegar, balsamic vinegar, and the type is not particularly limited.
- the vinegared beverage contains acetic acid, and the content thereof is preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass, and further preferably 0.2 to 2% by mass. If it is 5% by mass or less, the sourness and irritating odor are too strong to make it difficult to drink, and if it is 0.05% by mass or more, the acidity is too weak to be suitable as a vinegar beverage. Absent.
- the acidic beverages of the present invention preferably have a viscosity of 3 to 700 mPa ⁇ s as measured by a B-type viscometer at 20 ° C. Within this range, it is possible to prepare an acidic food or drink that suppresses aggregation and precipitation of components and is easy to drink. From this viewpoint, 10 to 400 mPa ⁇ s is more preferable, and 20 to 200 mPa ⁇ s is more preferable.
- Acidic foods having a pH of 5 or less include transparent or opaque liquid foods such as beverages and transparent or opaque solid (semi-solid) foods such as jelly.
- liquid foods include the above-mentioned acidic beverages, quasi-drug nutrition drinks, vitamin beverages containing vitamins B, vitamin C, etc., and beverages such as lemon tea and flavored tea Is mentioned.
- Other examples include fruit syrups seasoned with fruits, fruit juices, etc., and seasonings that are acidic (pH 5 or lower) among sauces, soups, dressings, sauces, and the like.
- solid (semi-solid) foods include gel foods such as jelly, pudding and jam, acidic dairy products such as yogurt and sour cream, fruits, pulp and fruit juice for the purpose of seasoning fruits, etc. Ice confectionery such as added ice cream, soft cream and sherbet can be mentioned.
- ⁇ Ice confectionery> In the above-mentioned acidic food, it means that contains ice when eating and drinking. For example, ice cream, soft cream, sherbet and the like.
- the acidic food means a thing containing gel at the time of eating and drinking.
- the gelling agent includes those containing proteins such as gelatin and egg white, and those hardened with water-soluble gums such as carrageenan, xanthan gum and tamarind seed gum.
- ⁇ High-salt food and drink> Specific examples of foods and drinks having a high salt concentration of 0.01 mol / L or more include dressings, spreads, sauces, soups, creams and the like in which a food such as sesame or an emulsion of functional oil is dispersed. Applicable. Moreover, if it takes the said form at the time of eating and drinking, what was pulverized as an intermediate product by freeze-drying, spray-drying, etc. (for example, powder seasoning, powder soup, tea pickles, etc.) can also be used as a high salt concentration food and drink. Applicable.
- the definition of the salt concentration of 0.01 mol / L or more refers to the salt concentration when the food and drink in the above-described form subjected to various processes is stored for one day or more in the distribution stage, or when the food or drink is used for food or drink. Refers to that.
- the salt concentration is the salt concentration in the aqueous solution obtained after removing the solid content in the above-mentioned food and drink by centrifugation and / or filtration, and is a salinity meter (Digital salt content meter ES-421 manufactured by ATAGO). ) Is a molar concentration (mol / L) converted to NaCl as a value (% by mass) measured using
- Method for adding cellulose composite The following method is mentioned as a method of adding the cellulose composite of this invention to acidic or high salt concentration food / beverage products. It can be added by dispersing the cellulose composite of the present invention in water simultaneously with the main raw material or components such as a colorant, a flavoring agent, a sour agent and a thickener.
- the dry powder of the cellulose composite is dispersed in an aqueous medium having an acidic or high salt concentration
- the cellulose composite is preferably dispersed in water and then added to the target food form. This is preferable because of improved dispersion stability.
- the cellulose composite is a dry powder, it can be dispersed using various kneaders such as various dispersers, emulsifiers, and grinders that are usually used in the production process of foods and the like as a dispersion method in water. .
- the kneading machine include various types of mixers such as a propeller stirrer, high speed mixer, homomixer and cutter, mills such as a ball mill, a colloid mill, a bead mill, and a laika machine, a dispersion represented by a high pressure homogenizer such as a high pressure homogenizer and a nanomizer.
- a kneader represented by a machine / emulsifier, a planetary mixer, a kneader, an eccluder, a turbulizer, or the like can be used. Two or more kneaders may be used in combination. Dispersion is easier when performed while heating.
- a method of dispersing the cellulose composite in a vegetable juice drink or vegetable juice milk drink and then dispersing with a homomixer, or dispersing the cellulose composite in water with a homomixer is mentioned.
- a method of mixing a cellulose complex in a lactic acid bacteria beverage and then dispersing with a homomixer there may be mentioned a method of mixing a cellulose complex in a lactic acid bacteria beverage and then dispersing with a homomixer, or a method of dispersing the cellulose complex in water with a homomixer and then mixing with a lactic acid bacteria beverage.
- a high-pressure homogenizer for example, Manton Gorin homogenizer manufactured by APV
- a pressure of 10 MPa or more Applying pressure to homogenize is preferable from the viewpoint of long-term storage stability.
- the cellulose composite of the present invention has significantly improved colloidal dispersibility in an acidic or high salt concentration aqueous medium.
- aqueous medium Besides foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food / industrial detergents and treating agent raw materials, Household (clothing, kitchen, house, tableware, etc.) detergent raw materials, paints, pigments, ceramics, aqueous latex, emulsification (polymerization), agricultural chemicals, textile processing (refining agents, dyeing aids, softeners, water repellents) ), Antifouling agents, concrete admixtures, printing inks, lubricating oils, antistatic agents, antifogging agents, lubricants, dispersants, deinking agents, and the like.
- ⁇ Method for measuring storage elastic modulus of cellulose composite (1) Disperse the cellulose composite in pure water using a high shear homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7” treatment condition: 15,000 rpm ⁇ 5 minutes). A pure water dispersion having a concentration of 1.8% by mass was prepared.
- ⁇ Volume average particle diameter of cellulose composite> A cellulose composite was made into a pure water suspension at a concentration of 1% by mass and treated with a high shear homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7”): rotational speed 15,000 rpm ⁇ For 5 minutes).
- a high shear homogenizer manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7”: rotational speed 15,000 rpm ⁇ For 5 minutes).
- the particle size distribution of the obtained aqueous dispersion was measured by a laser diffraction method (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., trade name “LA-910”, ultrasonic treatment for 1 minute, refractive index 1.20).
- the 50% cumulative particle size in the volume frequency particle size distribution obtained here was taken as the volume average particle size.
- ⁇ Dispersion stability Appearance observation of aqueous dispersion of dispersed cellulose composite> With respect to the aqueous dispersion obtained by the above-described storage modulus measurement method (2), the following four items were determined and visually judged. (Separation) The volume at the top of the sedimentation tube was evaluated by the volume of the thin layer. ⁇ (excellent): no separation, ⁇ (good): separation is less than 10%, ⁇ (possible): separation is less than 30%, x (impossible): separation is 30% or more (sedimentation). did.
- ⁇ Viscosity of cellulose composite aqueous dispersion> The water dispersion obtained by the above-mentioned storage elastic modulus measurement method (2) was subjected to a B-type viscometer (rotor rotation speed 60 rpm. After setting for 3 hours (stored at 25 ° C.), and left standing for 30 seconds after setting. , Measured by rotating for 30 seconds, but the rotor can be appropriately changed depending on the viscosity.
- the rotor used is as follows: 1 to 20 mPa ⁇ s: BL type, 21 to 100 mPa ⁇ s: No 1, 101 ⁇ 300 mPa ⁇ s: No 2 and 301 mPa ⁇ s: No 3).
- ⁇ Cellulose particle shape 1 Applicable to cellulose composites A to M>
- the cellulose composite was made into a pure water suspension at a concentration of 1% by mass, and a high shear homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7” treatment condition: 15,000 rpm ⁇ 5 minutes)
- the aqueous dispersion dispersed in was diluted to 0.1% by mass with pure water, and one drop was cast on mica using a dropper. Excess water was blown off with an air duster and air-dried to prepare a sample.
- ⁇ Particle shape of cellulose 2 applicable to cellulose composites N and O>
- the cellulose composite was made into a pure water suspension at a concentration of 0.25% by mass and treated with a high shear homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., trade name “Excel Auto Homogenizer ED-7”): rotational speed 15,000 rpm ⁇ 5
- the aqueous dispersion was diluted with pure water to 0.01 to 0.05% by mass, and one drop was cast on mica using a dropper. Excess water was blown off with an air duster, air-dried, a sample was prepared, and platinum palladium was deposited in a thickness of 3 nm.
- a major axis (L) and a minor axis (D) are obtained, and the ratio (L / D) is the particle shape of cellulose. It was calculated as an average value of 100 to 150 particles.
- ⁇ Suspension stability Observation of appearance of food and drink> In various beverages (refer to the following examples and comparative examples for the production method), the following four items were determined and visually judged. (Separation) The volume at the top of the sedimentation tube was evaluated by the volume of the thin layer. ⁇ (excellent): no separation, ⁇ (good): separation is less than 10%, ⁇ (possible): separation is less than 30%, x (impossible): separation is 30% or more (sedimentation). did.
- cellulose MCC, psyllium
- the seed gum is abbreviated as CSG, sodium carboxymethylcellulose as CMC-Na, gellan gum as GLG, sodium alginate as ARG-Na, and LM pectin as LMP.
- Example 1 After cutting the commercially available DP pulp, it was hydrolyzed in 2.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid at 105 ° C. for 15 minutes, then washed with water and filtered to produce wet cake-like cellulose having a solid content of 50% by mass (average polymerization degree) Was 220).
- the kneading energy was controlled by the kneading time of the planetary mixer, and the actually measured value was 0.6 kWh / kg.
- the kneading temperature the temperature of the kneaded material was directly measured using a thermocouple, and the temperature reached 20 to 60 ° C. and the reached temperature was 50 to 60 ° C. throughout the kneading.
- the obtained cellulose composite A had a storage elastic modulus (G ′) of 0.48 Pa.
- the volume average particle diameter of the cellulose composite A was 6.2 micrometers
- the colloidal cellulose component was 55 mass%
- grains L / D was 1.6.
- the dispersion stability (separation, sedimentation, aggregation, viscosity) of the cellulose composite A was evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- a calcium-fortified vegetable juice was prepared as follows.
- Cellulose composite A was water-dispersed at 8,000 rpm for 10 minutes using a TK homomixer (MARKKII manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to prepare a pure water dispersion containing 6% by mass of cellulose composite A. .
- a commercially available vegetable fruit juice (Kagome Co., Ltd., vegetable life 100) dispersed with a TK homomixer and a pure water dispersion of cellulose composite A are added, and the solid content concentration of cellulose composite A is 0.3.
- the beverage was prepared by setting the mass% to be dispersed with a TK homomixer.
- Calcium-enriched vegetable juice was obtained by adding milk calcium (addition amount 0.2% by mass in the beverage) to the beverage and stirring at 4,000 rpm for 5 minutes using a TK homomixer. The beverage viscosity after standing this in a 25 degreeC atmosphere for 1 hour was measured. Further, this was stored in a 100 ml sedimentation tube and stored at room temperature for 3 days, and then the appearance was visually observed (separation, sedimentation, aggregation, viscosity). The evaluation results of the suspension stability are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 A wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and an aqueous cellulose dispersion was prepared under the conditions that the mass ratio of MCC / CSG / CMC-Na was 90/3/7 and the solid content was 40% by mass.
- This cellulose aqueous dispersion was kneaded with the same apparatus as in Example 1 to obtain a cellulose composite B.
- the kneading energy was 0.1 kWh / kg.
- the kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature reached was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) was 0.2 Pa, the volume average particle size was 6.8 ⁇ m, the colloidal cellulose component was 45% by mass, and the particle L / D was 2.0. Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite B.
- Example 3 A wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the mass ratio with MCC / CSG / GLG (CP Kelco, Kelcogel, Lot070628, viscosity of 1 mass% dissolved liquid 1222 mPa ⁇ s) was 90/9 /. 1 was weighed so that the solid content was 49.5% by mass, and kneaded with a planetary mixer to obtain a cellulose composite C. The kneading energy was 0.5 kWh / kg. The kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature reached was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- MCC / CSG / GLG CP Kelco, Kelcogel, Lot070628, viscosity of 1 mass% dissolved liquid 1222 mPa ⁇ s
- the obtained cellulose composite C had a storage elastic modulus (G ′) of 0.18 Pa, a volume average particle diameter of 7.5 ⁇ m, a colloidal cellulose component of 53 mass%, and a particle L / D of 1.6. Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite C.
- Example 4 A wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and weighed so that the mass ratio of MCC / CSG / CMC-Na was 50/25/25, and water was added so that the solid content was 49% by mass.
- the cellulose composite D was obtained by kneading with a planetary mixer. The kneading energy was 0.6 kWh / kg.
- the kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature reached was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) was 0.2 Pa, the volume average particle size was 5.8 ⁇ m, the colloidal cellulose component was 36% by mass, and the particle L / D was 1.6. Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite D.
- Example 5 Wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the mass with MCC / CSG / ARG-Na (Kimika Co., Ltd., Kimika Argin SKAT-UVL, viscosity of 4.1% solution of dissolved solution 4.1 mPa ⁇ s).
- a cellulose composite E was obtained by weighing to a ratio of 95 / 2.5 / 2.5, adding water so that the solid content was 45% by mass, and kneading with a planetary mixer. The kneading energy was 0.6 kWh / kg. The kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the temperature reached was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) was 0.5 Pa
- the volume average particle diameter was 7.8 ⁇ m
- the colloidal cellulose component was 43% by mass
- the particle L / D was 1.6.
- Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite E.
- Example 6 In the same manner as in Example 1, wet cake-like cellulose was prepared, weighed so that the mass ratio with MCC / CSG was 90/10, and added to a solid content of 45% by mass. By kneading, a cellulose composite F was obtained. The kneading energy was 0.5 kWh / kg. The kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature reached was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) was 0.15 Pa, the volume average particle diameter was 7.4 ⁇ m, the colloidal cellulose component was 56 mass%, and the particle L / D was 1.6. Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite F.
- Example 7 A wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and weighed so that the mass ratio with MCC / CSG / LMP (unitec foods, LNSN325) was 90/5/5, and the solid content was 45 mass. %, And kneaded with a planetary mixer to obtain a cellulose composite M. The kneading energy was 0.5 kWh / kg. The kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature reached was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) was 0.17 Pa, the volume average particle diameter was 7.2 ⁇ m, the colloidal cellulose component was 54 mass%, and the particle L / D was 1.6. Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite M.
- Example 1 A wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and weighed so that the mass ratio of MCC / CSG / CMC-Na was 80/0/20, and added to a solid content of 45% by mass.
- the cellulose composite G was obtained by kneading with a planetary mixer.
- the kneading energy was 0.5 kWh / kg, and the kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- Cellulose composite G had a storage elastic modulus (G ′) of 0.02 Pa, a volume average particle size of 8.8 ⁇ m, a colloidal cellulose component of 35% by mass, and a particle L / D of 1.6. Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite G.
- Comparative Example 2 A wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and weighed so that the mass ratio of MCC / CSG / CMC-Na was 90/5/5, and added to a solid content of 28% by mass.
- the cellulose composite J was obtained by kneading with a planetary mixer.
- the kneading energy was 0.04 kWh / kg, and the kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through kneading, the temperature reached 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) of the cellulose composite J was 0.01 Pa, the volume average particle size was 13.5 ⁇ m, the colloidal cellulose component was 28% by mass, and the particle L / D was 2.4. Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as Comparative Example 1 using the cellulose composite J.
- the aqueous dispersion was dried with a drum dryer (KDD-1 type, manufactured by Kashiwagi Machine Mfg. Co., Ltd.) at a water vapor pressure of 2 kg / cm 2 and a rotation speed of 0.6 rpm, scraped off with a scraper, and then flash mill (Fuji Powder)
- KDD-1 type manufactured by Kashiwagi Machine Mfg. Co., Ltd.
- the product was roughly crushed to obtain a flaky and scaly cellulose composite K.
- the kneading energy is 0.03 kWh / kg
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) of the cellulose composite K is 0.01 Pa
- the volume average particle size is 3.4 ⁇ m
- the colloidal cellulose component is 40% by mass
- the particle L / D Was 2.4.
- Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 using the cellulose composite K.
- aqueous dispersion was charged into the MCC aqueous dispersion so as to have the composition of Example 1, and uniformly mixed using a propeller-type stirrer to prepare an aqueous dispersion (the solid content at this time). 4-5% by mass).
- the aqueous dispersion was treated with a drum dryer (KDD-1 type, manufactured by Kashiwagi Machinery Co., Ltd.), the drum surface was treated with a silicone release agent, and then dried at a water vapor pressure of 0.12 MPa and a rotation speed of 1.0 rpm. A film-like cellulose composite L was obtained.
- the kneading energy was 0.08 kWh / kg as the total amount (the planetary mixer was 0.08 kWh / kg, and the others were less than 0.005 kWh / kg as the total amount).
- the kneading temperature (propeller stirring) in the presence of the hydrophilic gum was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature was 20-60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50-60 ° C.
- the volume average particle size was 3.5 ⁇ m, and the colloidal cellulose component was 72% by mass.
- the particle L / D was 1.6 (the proportion of particles of 10 ⁇ m or more in the particle size distribution obtained by measuring the volume average particle size was 2). .5%).
- Example 8 In the same manner as in Example 1, a cellulose composite A was obtained. Using this, a calcium-fortified sports drink was prepared as follows.
- cellulose composite A 6% pure water dispersion and milk calcium were weighed, and these were mixed with TK Homomixer (Special Machine Industries, Ltd. ), MARK II), and stirred at 8,000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a calcium-fortified sports drink.
- the solid content of the cellulose composite A in the beverage was 0.3% by mass, and the amount of milk calcium added was 0.2% by mass.
- the beverage viscosity after standing in an atmosphere at 25 ° C. for 1 hour was measured. Further, this was stored in a 100 ml capacity sedimentation tube and stored at room temperature for 3 days, and then visually observed for appearance (separation, sedimentation, aggregation, viscosity), and the same method as for calcium-fortified vegetable juice. Suspension stability was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 1, a cellulose composite A was obtained. Using this, beta glucan-enriched vegetable juice was prepared as follows.
- Example 1 is the same as Example 1 except that milk calcium is barley beta-glucan (E-70S, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), and the amount of water-insoluble component in the beverage is 0.5% by mass. In this way, beta-glucan-enriched vegetable juice was prepared and the suspension stability was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 1, a cellulose composite A was obtained. Using this, a protein-enriched vegetable juice drink was prepared as follows.
- Cellulose composite A was dispersed for 10 minutes at 8,000 rpm using a TK homomixer (MARKKII, manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to prepare a 10% by mass aqueous dispersion A.
- soybean protein Prolina RD-1 manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.
- a TK homomixer MARKKII manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- 10% by mass of water Dispersion B was made.
- HM pectin (AYD-380D manufactured by Unitech Foods Co., Ltd.) is added to the aqueous dispersion B so as to be 5/1 with soy protein / HM pectin (mass ratio), and a TK homomixer (Special Machine Industries, Ltd. ), MARK II) and dispersed at 8,000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain an aqueous dispersion C.
- This aqueous dispersion D was treated with a high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by APV, Manton Gorin homogenizer, pressure: 20 MPa), then sterilized in a 85 ° C. bath with a propeller-type stirrer for 10 minutes to obtain a protein-enriched vegetable juice drink. Created.
- a high-pressure homogenizer manufactured by APV, Manton Gorin homogenizer, pressure: 20 MPa
- Example 11 In the same operation as in Example 10, a protein-enriched vegetable fruit juice beverage was prepared so that the concentration of HM pectin in the final beverage was 0.05% by mass.
- Example 12 In the same operation as in Example 10, the concentration of cellulose complex A in the final beverage is 0.1% by mass, the concentration of soy protein is 1.0% by mass, and the concentration of HM pectin is 0.1% by mass. And a protein-enriched vegetable juice drink was prepared.
- Example 13 In the same operation as in Example 10, the cellulose composite used was the cellulose composite M obtained in Example 7. In addition, the concentration of cellulose complex M in the final beverage was adjusted to 0.3% by mass, the concentration of soy protein was 0.5% by mass, and the concentration of HM pectin was 0.2% by mass, and the protein-enriched vegetable A juice drink was prepared.
- Example 14 In the same operation as in Example 10, the concentration of cellulose complex A in the final beverage was 0.2% by mass, the concentration of soy protein was 0.5% by mass, and prepared without adding HM pectin. Made a beverage.
- Example 6 In the same operation as in Example 10, the cellulose composite used was the cellulose composite J obtained in Comparative Example 2. Further, the protein-enriched vegetable was prepared so that the concentration of cellulose complex J in the final beverage was 0.2% by mass, the concentration of soy protein was 0.5% by mass, and the concentration of HM pectin was 0.1% by mass. A juice drink was prepared.
- Example 15 Cellulose composite A was dispersed at 8,000 rpm for 10 minutes using a TK homomixer (MARKKII, manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to prepare a 10% by mass aqueous dispersion.
- the water dispersion and vegetable fruit juice drink (commercially available product “Yasai & Soy Milk” manufactured by ITO EN Co., Ltd., component composition: vegetable juice 25%, fruit juice 5%, soy milk 10%, vegetable protein 3.1 g / 777 g) Is dispersed at 8,000 rpm for 10 minutes using a TK homomixer (made by Special Machine Industries Co., Ltd., MARK II), and then sterilized in a 85 ° C. water bath with a propeller-type stirrer for 10 minutes.
- a fruit milk drink was prepared.
- This beverage was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, separation was ⁇ , sedimentation was ⁇ , aggregation was ⁇ , and viscosity was ⁇ .
- the beverage was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, separation was evaluated as x (water separation occurred on the upper liquid surface, sedimentation was ⁇ , aggregation was ⁇ , and viscosity was ⁇ .
- Example 16 The cellulose composite A and pure water obtained in Example 1 were dispersed at 8,000 rpm for 10 minutes using a TK homomixer (made by Special Machine Industries Co., Ltd., MARK II), and a 5 mass% aqueous dispersion. Got. A sodium chloride aqueous solution (special grade manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added, and the mixture was again dispersed at 8,000 rpm for 10 minutes using a TK homomixer (manufactured by Special Machine Industries Co., Ltd., MARK II).
- TK homomixer made by Special Machine Industries Co., Ltd., MARK II
- Example 17 Glacial acetic acid was further added to the seasoning obtained in Example 16, the pH was adjusted to 4.5, and the mixture was stirred with a propeller stirrer to obtain a seasoning with an acidic high salt concentration.
- the composition of the obtained seasoning amount was 1% by mass of cellulose dispersion A, 1.0 mol / L of sodium chloride concentration, 0.5% by mass of powdered oat, and pH 4.5
- separation was ⁇
- sedimentation was ⁇
- aggregation was ⁇ .
- Example 8 In the operation of Example 16, the cellulose composite G obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used as the cellulose composite to be used, and a seasoning with a high salt concentration was obtained.
- the composition of the obtained seasoning amount was 1% by mass of Cellulose Dispersion A, 1.0 mol / L of sodium chloride concentration, and 0.5% by mass of powder 0.5% by pH)
- the separation was x
- the sedimentation was x
- the aggregation was ⁇ .
- Example 18 A wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and gellan gum (GLG) was used instead of CSG as a hydrophilic gum to prepare a cellulose composite.
- the preparation method is as follows. The mass ratio of MCC / GLG (Deacyl Gellan Gum manufactured by CP Kelco Co., Ltd., trade name Kelco Gel) / CMC-Na (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., F-7A, 1% dissolved solution viscosity 11 mPa ⁇ s) is 90. / 5/5, watered to a solid content of 50% by mass, and kneaded with a planetary mixer to obtain a cellulose composite N.
- MCC Gellan Gum manufactured by CP Kelco Co., Ltd., trade name Kelco Gel
- CMC-Na Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., F-7A, 1% dissolved solution viscosity 11 mP
- the kneading energy was 0.6 kWh / kg.
- the kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature reached was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) was 0.32 Pa, the volume average particle diameter was 6.5 ⁇ m, the colloidal cellulose component was 45 mass%, and the particle L / D was 1.6.
- Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite N.
- Example 19 A wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and xanthan gum was used in place of CSG as a hydrophilic gum to prepare a cellulose composite.
- the prototype method is as follows. Mass with MCC / xanthan gum (Bistop NSD-X manufactured by San-Ei Gen FFI Co., Ltd.) / CMC-Na (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., F-7A, 1% viscosity of dissolved solution 11 mPa ⁇ s)
- a cellulose composite O was obtained by weighing to a ratio of 90/2/8, adding water so that the solid content was 48% by mass, and kneading with a planetary mixer.
- the kneading energy was 0.6 kWh / kg.
- the kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature reached was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) was 0.35 Pa, the volume average particle size was 6.3 ⁇ m, the colloidal cellulose component was 49% by mass, and the particle L / D was 1.6.
- Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite O.
- the number of treatments was 2, and the grinder clearance was changed from 110 to 80 ⁇ m. Subsequently, the obtained aqueous dispersion was directly subjected to 18 passes with a high-pressure homogenizer (treatment pressure: 55 MPa) to obtain a cellulose slurry. When observed with a scanning electron microscope, very fine fibrous cellulose having a major axis / minor axis ratio of 30 to 300 was observed.
- Sodium (1 mass% aqueous solution viscosity: about 3400 mPa ⁇ s) and dextrin (DE: about 23) are added, and 15 kg is stirred with a homogenizer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd., “TK AUTO-HOMO-MIXER”). The mixture was stirred and mixed at 8000 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a cellulose mixed solution.
- this mixed solution was cast into an aluminum plate with a thickness of 2 mm using an applicator, and dried at 120 ° C. for 45 minutes using a hot air dryer to obtain a film.
- This was pulverized with a cutter mill (manufactured by Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.) so that the sieve having an opening of 1 mm was almost completely passed through to obtain a dried cellulose composition.
- a stabilizer containing a dry cellulose composition psyllium seed gum (same as Example 1, hydrophilic gum) at a mass ratio of 9: 1 is prepared.
- the stabilizer and water are weighed out so that the solid content becomes a 1% by mass aqueous dispersion, and dispersed using TK homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes.
- Cellulose composition P (only mixed, not composite) was obtained.
- the kneading energy was less than 0.005 kWh / kg as a total amount.
- the kneading temperature (stirring by TK homo) in the presence of the hydrophilic gum was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C. The volume average particle diameter was 37.9 ⁇ m, and the colloidal cellulose component was 75% by mass. The storage elastic modulus was measured by the same operation as in Example 1, and as a result, it was 22 Pa. Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composition P.
- Example 20 A wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and CSG was used as a hydrophilic gum and CMC-Na was used as a water-soluble gum to prepare a cellulose composite.
- the prototype method is as follows. MCC / CSG (manufactured by Shikibo Co., Ltd.
- Psyllium seed husk food made 1% solution viscosity is 198 mPa ⁇ s) / CMC-Na (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., F-7A, 1% solution viscosity 11 mPa ⁇ s) )
- a water content of 37% by mass and kneaded with a planetary mixer to obtain a cellulose composite Q.
- the kneading energy was 0.05 kWh / kg (the operating conditions of the planetary mixer were the same as in Example 1, and the kneading energy was adjusted according to the operating time).
- the kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 Through the kneading, the temperature reached was 20 to 60 ° C., and the ultimate temperature was 50 to 60 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) was 0.06 Pa
- the volume average particle size was 8.2 ⁇ m
- the colloidal cellulose component was 38% by mass
- the particle L / D was 2.2.
- Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite Q. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1 using this, the calcium reinforcement vegetable juice juice was created, and suspension stability was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 21 A wet cake-like cellulose was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and a cellulose aqueous dispersion was prepared under the conditions that the mass ratio of MCC / CSG / CMC-Na was 90/5/5 and the solid content was 40% by mass.
- the cellulose aqueous dispersion was kneaded with the same apparatus as in Example 1, and warm water (50 ° C.) was allowed to flow through the jacket in the kneading container to control the kneading temperature, whereby a cellulose composite R was obtained.
- the kneading time was extended from that of Example 1, and the total kneading energy was 0.50 kWh / kg.
- the kneading temperature was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Through the kneading, the temperature reached 20 to 80 ° C., and the reached temperature was 70 to 80 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus (G ′) was 0.13 Pa
- the volume average particle size was 6.3 ⁇ m
- the colloidal cellulose component was 55% by mass
- the particle L / D was 2.0.
- Dispersion stability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cellulose composite R. Moreover, it carried out similarly to Example 1 using this, the calcium reinforcement vegetable juice juice was created, and suspension stability was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the cellulose composite A has a higher storage elastic modulus in the vicinity of 20% of the strain in the acidic aqueous dispersion than in the pure water dispersion (pure water: 0.02 Pa ⁇ pH 4: 0. 58 Pa).
- the cellulose composite K (cellulose composite obtained by the production method according to the example of Patent Document 3) is approximately 20% strain in the acidic water dispersion as compared with the pure water dispersion. It can be seen that the storage elastic modulus is low (pure water: 0.24 Pa ⁇ pH 4: 0.01 Pa).
- the storage elastic modulus at acidic or high salt concentration is lower than that in pure water, and the suspension stability is lowered.
- the storage elastic modulus at acidic or high salt concentration is increased and the suspension stability is improved.
- a food or drink with a pH of 5 or less containing a cellulose composite or a salt concentration of 0.01 mol / l or more suppresses the occurrence of separation, aggregation and sedimentation, and stabilizes dispersion and suspension.
- a food or drink with a pH of 5 or less containing a cellulose composite or a salt concentration of 0.01 mol / l or more suppresses the occurrence of separation, aggregation and sedimentation, and stabilizes dispersion and suspension.
- it is useful for foods and drinks containing water-insoluble components such as functional food materials, since it exhibits excellent suspension stability.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本願発明者らは、セルロースと親水性ガムとを混練する際に、特定の濃度以上の固形分として混練物の粘性が高い半固形状態で、高い混練エネルギーで混練することにより、混練エネルギーが混練物に伝わりやすくなり、その結果、セルロースと親水性ガムの複合化が進み、得られたセルロース複合体の貯蔵弾性率(G‘)を高めることができ、該セルロース複合体は酸性又は高塩濃度においても高い貯蔵弾性率(G‘)を示すことを初めて見出した。
(1)セルロース及び親水性ガムを含むセルロース複合体であって、該セルロース複合体を1質量%含むpH4の水分散体において貯蔵弾性率(G’)が0.06Pa以上である上記セルロース複合体。
(2)親水性ガムが、陰イオン性多糖類である(1)に記載のセルロース複合体。
(3)親水性ガムが、分岐状の陰イオン性多糖類である(1)又は(2)に記載のセルロース複合体。
(4)親水性ガムが、ジェランガム、キサンタンガム、カラヤガム、及びサイリウムシードガムからなる群から選ばれる1種以上である(1)~(3)のいずれか一つに記載のセルロース複合体。
(5)親水性ガムが、サイリウムシードガムである(1)~(4)のいずれか一つに記載のセルロース複合体。
(6)セルロース50~99質量%及び親水性ガム1~50質量%を含むセルロース複合体であり、貯蔵弾性率(G’)が0.15Pa以上である(1)~(5)のいずれか一つに記載のセルロース複合体。
(7)さらに、上記親水性ガムとは異なる水溶性ガムを含む(1)~(6)のいずれか一つに記載のセルロース複合体。
(8)前記水溶性ガムが、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、LMペクチン、アルギン酸ナトリウム、及びジェランガムからなる群から選ばれる1種以上である(1)~(7)のいずれか一つに記載のセルロース複合体。
(9)前記親水性ガムと前記水溶性ガムとの質量比が30/70~99/1である(1)~(8)のいずれか一つに記載のセルロース複合体。
(10)(1)~(9)のいずれか一つに記載のセルロース複合体を含有する、pH5以下又は塩濃度が0.01mol/l以上の飲食品。
(11)0.01質量%以上の水不溶性成分を含む(10)に記載の飲食品。
(12)固形分濃度20質量%以上のセルロースと親水性ガムとの混練物を50Wh/kg以上の混練エネルギーで混練する工程を含む、セルロース及び親水性ガムを含むセルロース複合体の製造方法であって、該セルロース複合体を1質量%含むpH4の水分散体における貯蔵弾性率(G’)が0.06Pa以上である、上記セルロース複合体の製造方法。
(13)(12)に記載の製法により得られるセルロース複合体。
本発明において、「セルロース」とは、セルロースを含有する天然由来の水不溶性繊維質物質である。原料としては、木材、竹、麦藁、稲藁、コットン、ラミー、バガス、ケナフ、ビート、ホヤ、バクテリアセルロース等が挙げられる。原料として、これらのうち1種の天然セルロース系物質を使用しても、2種以上を混合したものを使用することも可能である。
親水性ガムとは、化学構造の一部に糖又は多糖を含む親水性高分子物質のことである。ここで親水性とは、常温の純水に、一部が溶解する特性を有することである。定量的に親水性を定義すると、この新水性ガム0.05gを、50mLの純水に、攪拌下(スターラーチップ)で、平衡まで溶解させ、目開き1μmのメンブレンフィルターで処理した際に、通過する成分が、親水性ガム中に1質量%以上含まれることである。親水性ガムとして、多糖類を用いる場合には、以下のものが好適である。
上記の親水性ガムの中でも、水中で陽イオンが遊離し、それ自身が陰イオンとなるものを陰イオン性多糖類と呼ぶ。親水性ガムとして陰イオン性多糖類を用いることで、セルロースとの複合化がより促進され、セルロース複合体の耐酸性、耐塩性が増すため好ましい。
上記の陰イオン性多糖類の中でも、その化学構造中に、分岐構造を有するものを分岐状の陰イオン性多糖類と呼ぶ。本発明のセルロース複合体における親水性ガムとして、分岐状の陰イオン性多糖類を用いることで、セルロース複合体の耐酸性が、より高まるため好ましい。ここでいう分岐構造とは、多糖類に含まれる六単糖中の三つの水酸基(C6位は一級アルコール)のうち、一つ以上が化学結合を介して、メチロールより高分子量の置換基に置換されている構造のことである。置換基は、エーテル結合を介した糖又は多糖構造であることが好ましい。分岐状の陰イオン性多糖類としては、以下のものが好適である。
サイリウムシードガム(CSG)とは、オオバコ科の植物(Plantago ovata Forskal)の種子の外皮から得られる多糖類(ガム類)のことである。具体的には、イサゴール、プランタゴ・オバタ種皮から得られる多糖類が挙げられる。
次に、本発明のセルロース複合体の貯蔵弾性率(G’)について説明する。
<セルロース複合体の構造>
本発明のセルロース複合体は、セルロース表面から放射状に伸びた親水性ガムの広がりが、酸性下でも充分に大きいという特徴がある。セルロース表面から伸びた親水性ガムの広がりが大きいほど、隣接するセルロース複合体の親水性ガムと絡み合いやすくなる。その結果、セルロース複合体同士の絡み合いが密に生じることで、ネットワーク構造が剛直になり、貯蔵弾性率(G’)が向上し、分散安定性、懸濁安定性が高くなる。この親水性ガムの広がりは、以下の方法で測定することができる。
まず、セルロース複合体を、高剪断ホモジナイザー(日本精機(株)製、商品名「エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-7」処理条件:回転数15,000rpm×5分間、全量300g)を用いて純水中に分散させ、1.0質量%の純水分散体を調製する。その水分散体と、0.2MでpH3.5のMcllvaine緩衝液(0.2Mのリン酸水素二ナトリウムと、0.1Mのクエン酸の水溶液)とを混合して、セルロース複合体の濃度を0.5質量%(イオン濃度0.06mol/l、pH4.0)に調製した後、純水でセルロース複合体の濃度を0.1質量%に希釈する。得られた水分散体を3日間以上、室温で静置する。水分散体の微細構造を壊さないよう、スポイトを使用して、5μlをゆっくりと吸出し、1cmx1cmの壁開されたマイカ上に、ゆっくり滴下し、エアダスターで余分な水分を吹き飛ばし、マイカ上に定着したサンプルを、AFM(島津製作所製 走査型プローブ顕微鏡SPM-9700、位相モード、オリンパス社製プローブOMCL-AC240TSを使用)にて、観察する。この観察像において、セルロース粒子は高さ2nm以上の棒状粒子として観察され、そのセルロース粒子から周囲に放射状に伸びる高さ2nm未満の親水性ガムが観察できる。
親水性ガムとして、分岐状の陰イオン性多糖類を用いると、この広がりがより大きくなるため好ましい。また、親水性ガムとして、サイリウムシードガムを用いると、この広がりが、さらに大きくなるため、好ましい。
本発明のセルロース複合体は、好ましくは、セルロースを50~99質量%、及び親水性ガムを1~50質量%含む。
本発明のセルロース複合体は、さらに親水性ガム以外の水溶性ガムを含むことが好ましい。水溶性ガムとしては、水膨潤性が高く、セルロースと複合化しやすいガムが好ましい。
親水性ガムと上記の水溶性ガムとの質量比は、30/70~99/1であることが好ましい。本発明のセルロース複合体において、親水性ガムと上記の水溶性ガムが前記の範囲にあることで、弱アルカリ性(pH8)から酸性(pH3)までの広いpH領域の本発明のセルロース複合体を含む水分散体において、本発明のセルロース複合体は分散安定性、懸濁安定性を示す。また、本発明のセルロース複合体に水溶性ガムを添加することで、特に、該水分散体の酸性領域(pH5以下)での本発明のセルロース複合体の懸濁安定性がより優れるものである。これら親水性ガムと水溶性ガムとの配合量比として、より好ましくは、40/60~90/10であり、さらに好ましくは40/60~80/20である。
セルロース複合体の体積平均粒子径は、20μm以下であることが好ましい。ここで、該体積平均粒子径は、セルロース複合体を、1質量%濃度で純水懸濁液とし、高剪断ホモジナイザー(日本精機(株)製、商品名「エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-7」処理条件:回転数15,000rpm×5分間)で分散させ、レーザー回折法(堀場製作所(株)製、商品名「LA-910」、超音波処理1分、屈折率1.20)により得られた体積頻度粒度分布における積算50%粒子径のことである。
さらに、セルロース複合体は、コロイド状セルロース成分を30質量%以上含有することが好ましい。ここでいうコロイド状セルロース成分の含有量とは、セルロース複合体を、1質量%濃度で純水懸濁液とし、高剪断ホモジナイザー(日本精機(株)製、商品名「エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-7」処理条件:回転数15,000rpm×5分間)で分散させ、遠心分離(久保田商事(株)製、商品名「6800型遠心分離器」ロータータイプRA-400型、処理条件:遠心力2,000rpm(5600G※Gは重力加速度)×15分間)し、遠心後の上澄みに残存する固形分(セルロースと、親水性ガム、水溶性ガムを含む)の質量百分率のことである。コロイド状セルロース成分の大きさは10μm以下であり、より好ましくは5.0μm以下であり、特に好ましくは1.0μm以下である。ここでいう大きさは、セルロース複合体を、1質量%濃度で純水懸濁液とし、高剪断ホモジナイザー(日本精機(株)製、商品名「エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-7」処理条件:回転数15,000rpm×5分間)で分散させ、レーザー回折法(堀場製作所(株)製、商品名「LA-910」、超音波処理1分、屈折率1.20)により得られた体積頻度粒度分布における積算50%粒子径(体積平均粒子径)のことである。コロイド状セルロース成分の含有量が30質量%以上であると、分散安定性、懸濁安定性がより容易に向上する。より好ましくは、40質量%以上であり、特に好ましくは、50質量%以上である。コロイド状セルロース成分含有量は、多ければ多いほど、分散安定性が高いため、その上限は特に制限されないが、好ましい範囲としては、100質量%以下である。
本発明のセルロース複合体に、水への分散性を高める目的で、親水性ガム及び水溶性ガム以外に、さらに親水性物質を加えてもよい。親水性物質とは、冷水への溶解性が高く粘性を殆どもたらさない有機物質であり、澱粉加水分解物、デキストリン類、難消化性デキストリン、ポリデキストロース等の親水性多糖類、フラクトオリゴ糖、ガラクトオリゴ糖、マルトオリゴ糖、イソマルトオリゴ糖、乳糖、マルトース、ショ糖、α-、β-、γ-シクロデキストリン等のオリゴ糖類、ブドウ糖、果糖、ソルボース等の単糖類、マルチトール、ソルビット、エリスリトール等の糖アルコール類等が適している。これらの親水性物質は、2種類以上組み合わせてもよい。上述の中でも、澱粉加水分解物、デキストリン類、難消化性デキストリン、ポリデキストロース等の親水性多糖類が分散性の点で好ましい。
次に、本発明のセルロース複合体の製造方法を説明する。
本発明のセルロース複合体は、pH5以下又は塩濃度が0.01mol/L以上の酸性又は高塩濃度の飲食品に好適である。
酸性飲食品に対するセルロース複合体の添加量としては、特に制限はないが、例えば、野菜果汁飲料において、0.01質量%以上が好ましい。セルロース複合体の添加量を0.01質量%以上とすることで、分散、懸濁安定性が増し、乳化安定、離水防止の効果が優れる。より好ましくは0.05質量%以上、さらに好ましくは0.1質量%以上である。セルロース複合体の添加量を5質量%以下とすることで、凝集や分離を引き起こすこともなく、また、飲料の飲みやすさ(のど越し、舌のざらつき)の点からも5質量%以下が好ましい。
高塩濃度の飲食品に対するセルロース複合体の添加量としては、特に制限はないが、例えば、たれなどの調味料において、0.01質量%以上が好ましい。セルロース複合体の添加量を0.01質量%以上とすることで、分散、懸濁安定性が増し、乳化安定、離水防止の効果が優れる。より好ましくは0.03質量%以上である。セルロース複合体の添加量を5質量%以下とすることで、凝集や分離を引き起こすこともなく、また、飲料の飲みやすさ(のど越し、舌のざらつき)の点からも5質量%以下が好ましい。
特に、水不溶性成分を含む酸性又は高塩濃度の飲食品に好適である。水不溶性成分とは、水に溶けない成分のことで、本発明においては、10mmの目開きの篩を通過するものをいう。より好適には、5mmの篩いを通過するものであり、さらに好適には2mmの篩いを通過するものである。水不溶性成分は、酸性又は高塩濃度において不安定となるが、本発明のセルロース複合体を添加することで、優れた懸濁安定性が得られる。
以下で、酸性飲食品及び高塩濃度の飲食品の具体例を説明する。
野菜果汁飲料は、セルロース複合体以外の成分として、野菜汁及び/又は果汁を10質量%以上、100質量%以下含有する。本発明において、「野菜汁、果汁を10質量%以上含有する」とは、飲料全体に対する野菜汁の割合がストレート換算で10質量%以上であることを意味する。
野菜果汁乳飲料とは、野菜果汁飲料に、牛乳や豆乳を添加することにより、飲料中のタンパク質を強化したものである。牛乳、豆乳は、それぞれ単独を用いても、併用してもよく、その量比には制限はない。
本発明において、「牛乳、豆乳を5質量%以上含有する」とは、上述の牛乳、又は豆乳を、無脂肪乳、低脂肪乳等の加工乳として添加したとしても、飲料全体に対する乳の割合がストレート換算で5質量%以上であることを意味する。
酸性乳飲料とは、乳及び乳製品の成分規格等に関する省令(乳等省令)で定義される、乳又は乳製品を量の多少にかかわらず使用したものを言う。ここで乳及び乳製品には、牛乳、加工乳等の液状乳、クリーム、脱脂粉乳、全粉乳、はっ酵乳等が含まれる。また本発明の酸性乳飲料には発酵乳飲料及び非発酵乳飲料が含まれる。本発明の酸性乳飲料のpHは3~5が好ましく、3.3~4.5がより好ましく、3.6~4.4が特に好ましい。pHがこの範囲内であると、飲料の嗜好性の点で好ましい。pHを調製するために、有機並びに無機可食酸を使用しても良い。有機並びに無機可食酸としては、一般に食品で使用されるものであればよいが、例えば、乳酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、アスコルビン酸、酢酸、フマル酸、リン酸、アジピン酸、グルコン酸、コハク酸、リン酸水素カリウム又はナトリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム又はナトリウムや果汁等を使用することができる。特に酸味の質の点で乳酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、アスコルビン酸、酢酸が好ましい。
乳酸菌飲料とは、生菌又は死菌状態の乳酸菌を、0.01質量%以上含有する飲料のことである。飲料のベースは、乳飲料、果汁飲料、清涼飲料等のいずれでもよい。生菌を含有する乳酸菌飲料としては、ヨーグルト、植物性乳酸菌の発酵液等を、適宜、上述の飲料ベース又は水で希釈したものが挙げられる。乳酸菌の配合量は、多いほど、本発明の効果が大きくなるため、より好ましくは、乳酸菌含量として0.05質量%であり、さらに好ましくは0.1質量%以上である。
スポーツ飲料とは、スポーツ中或いはスポーツ後に飲用することに適した飲料のことである。即ち、運動時に発汗などによって失われる水分、電解質、ミネラル、エネルギーを効率的に補給することを可能にした清涼飲料水を指す。スポーツ飲料には、好みに応じて各種調味料や栄養成分などを配合することができる。例えば、各種着色料、アミノ酸、ビタミン、ミネラル塩、香料など、通常のスポーツ飲料に配合されるものならば、いかなるものでも配合することができる。スポーツ飲料は、クエン酸、又はその塩を所定の割合で含有することが特徴である。スポーツ飲料にクエン酸、又はその塩を含有させる方法としては、特に限定されず、クエン酸製剤を飲料に配合させることにより行ってもよい。
食酢飲料は、健康促進や健康維持等のために飲用することに適している。食酢とは、日本農林規格で「醸造酢」と「合成酢」に大分類される。「醸造酢」とは、原料の種類や原料使用量によって区別され、穀物を所定量以上含む原料を用いて得た穀物酢や、果実や果汁を所定量以上含む原料を用いて得た果実酢、上記の以外の穀物酢や果実酢以外の醸造酢がある。例えば、穀物酢として、大麦酢、米酢、モルトビネガー、小麦酢、酒粕酢、もろみ酢、きび酢、純米酢、玄米酢、玄米黒酢、大麦黒酢などがある。果実酢としては、りんご酢、ぶどう酢、白ワインビネガー、赤ワインビネガー、バルサミコ酢などが挙げられ、種類は特に制限しない。食酢飲料は、酢酸を含有しており、その含有量は、好ましくは0.05~5質量%、より好ましくは0.1~3質量%、さらに好ましくは0.2~2質量%である。5質量%以下であれば、酸味と刺激臭が強すぎて飲用が困難となることもなく、また、0.05質量%以上であると、酸味が弱すぎて食酢飲料として適さないということもない。
本発明の酸性飲料類の粘度は、20℃におけるB型粘度計による粘度が3~700mPa・sであるのが好ましい。この範囲内であれば、成分の凝集・沈殿を抑制し、飲みやすい酸性飲食品が調製できる。かかる観点より、10~400mPa・sがより好ましく、20~200mPa・sがさらに好ましい。
pH5以下の酸性食品としては、飲料等の透明又は不透明の液状食品、ゼリー等の透明又は不透明の固形(半固形)食品が挙げられる。
上述の酸性食品において、飲食時に、氷を含むもののことをいう。例えば、アイスクリーム、ソフトクリーム、シャーベット等である。
上述の酸性食品において、飲食時に、ゲルを含むもののことをいう。例えば、ゼリー、プリン、ジャム等である。ここで、ゲル化剤としては、ゼラチン、卵白等のタンパク質を含むもの、カラギーナン、キサンタンガム、タマリンドシードガムの様な水溶性ガム類で固めたものも含まれる。
0.01mol/L以上の高塩濃度の飲食品の具体例としては、ゴマ等の食品や機能性油の乳化物を分散させたドレッシング類、スプレッド類、タレ類、スープ類、クリーム類等が該当する。また、飲食時に前記の形態をとるものであれば、中間製品として、凍結乾燥、噴霧乾燥等で粉末化されたもの(例えば粉末調味料、粉末スープ、お茶漬け等)も、高塩濃度飲食品に該当する。
酸性又は高塩濃度の飲食品に、本発明のセルロース複合体を添加する方法としては次の方法が挙げられる。主原料或いは着色料、香料、酸味料、増粘剤等の成分と同時に、本発明のセルロース複合体を水に分散させることにより添加できる。
(1) セルロース複合体を、高剪断ホモジナイザー(日本精機(株)製、商品名「エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-7」処理条件:回転数15,000rpm×5分間)を用いて純水中に分散させ、1.8質量%濃度の純水分散体を調製した。
(2) その水分散体と、0.2MでpH4のMcllvaine緩衝液(0.2Mのリン酸水素二ナトリウムと、0.1Mのクエン酸の水溶液)とを混合して、セルロース複合体の濃度を1質量%(全量300g、イオン濃度0.06mol/L,pH4)に調製した後、得られた水分散体を3日間室温で静置した。
(3) この水分散体の応力のひずみ依存性を、粘弾性測定装置(Rheometric Scientific,Inc.製、ARES100FRTN1型)、ジオメトリー:Double Wall Couette型、ひずみを1→794%の範囲で掃引)により測定した。本発明において、貯蔵弾性率(G’)は、上述の測定で得られた歪み-応力曲線上の、歪み20%の値を用いている。
(1) セルロース複合体を、1質量%濃度で純水懸濁液とし、高剪断ホモジナイザー(日本精機(株)製、商品名「エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-7」処理条件:回転数15,000rpm×5分間)で分散させた。
(2) 得られた水分散体を、レーザー回折法(堀場製作所(株)製、商品名「LA-910」、超音波処理1分、屈折率1.20)で粒度分布を測定した。ここで得られた体積頻度粒度分布における積算50%粒子径を体積平均粒子径とした。
(1) セルロース複合体を、1質量%濃度で純水懸濁液とし、高剪断ホモジナイザー(日本精機(株)製、商品名「エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-7」処理条件:回転数15,000rpm×5分間)で分散させた。
(2) 次に、遠心分離した。(久保田商事(株)製、商品名「6800型遠心分離器」ロータータイプRA-400型、処理条件:遠心力2,000rpm(5600G※Gは重力加速度)×15分間、遠沈管には全量50gを仕込んだ。)
(3) 遠心後の上澄みは、ガラス製秤量ビンに導入し、60℃で15時間、その後、105℃で2時間乾燥し、デシケータ内で恒量した後、重量を測定した。また、別途、未遠心の水分散体も同様に乾燥し、重量を測定した。それらの結果から、上澄みに残存するセルロース固形分の質量百分率を以下の式から求めた。
上記の貯蔵弾性率の測定法(2)で得られた水分散体について、以下の4項目に関し、基準を定め、目視により判定した。
(分離)沈降管上部の色が薄い層の体積で評価した。
◎(優):分離なし、○(良):分離10%未満、△(可):分離30%未満、×(不可):分離30%以上
(沈降)沈降管底面の堆積物の量で評価した。
◎(優):沈降なし、○(良):部分的に薄く沈降、△(可):一面に薄く沈降、×(不可):全体的に濃く沈降
(凝集)沈降管全体において、不均一な部分の量で評価した。
◎(優):均一、○(良):僅かに一部不均一、△(可):一部不均一、×(不可):全体的に不均一
上記の貯蔵弾性率の測定法(2)で得られたに水分散体ついて、分散3時間後(25℃保存)に、B形粘度計(ローター回転数60rpm。セットして30秒静置後に、30秒間回転させて測定した。但し、ローターは、粘度によって適宜変更できる。使用したロータは以下の通りである。すなわち、1~20mPa・s:BL型、21~100mPa・s:No1、101~300mPa・s:No2、301mPa・s:No3)で測定した。測定結果は、以下の基準で分類した。
(粘度)◎(優):1~50、○(良):51~75、△(可):76~100、×(不可):101~[mPa・s]
セルロース複合体を、1質量%濃度で純水懸濁液とし、高剪断ホモジナイザー(日本精機(株)製、商品名「エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-7」処理条件:回転数15,000rpm×5分間)で分散させた水分散体を、0.1質量%に純水で希釈し、スポイトを使用し、マイカ上に1滴キャストした。エアダスターにて、余剰の水分を吹き飛ばし、風乾し、サンプルを調製した。原子間力顕微鏡(装置Digital Instruments社製 Nano ScopeIV MM、スキャナーEV、測定モードTapping、プローブNCH型シリコン単結晶プローブ)で計測された画像を基に、長径(L)が2μm以下の粒子の形状から、長径(L)と短径(D)のを求め、その比(L/D)がセルロース粒子の形状であり、100~150個の粒子の平均値として算出した。
セルロース複合体を、0.25質量%濃度で純水懸濁液とし、高剪断ホモジナイザー(日本精機(株)製、商品名「エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-7」処理条件:回転数15,000rpm×5分間)で分散させた水分散体を、0.01~0.05質量%に純水で希釈し、スポイトを使用し、マイカ上に1滴キャストした。エアダスターにて、余剰の水分を吹き飛ばし、風乾し、サンプルを調製し、白金パラジウムを厚み3nmで蒸着した。走査型電子顕微鏡(装置 日本電子製 JSM-5510LV型)で計測された画像を基に、長径(L)と短径(D)を求めその比(L/D)がセルロースの粒子形状であり、100~150個の粒子の平均値として算出した。
各種飲料(製造法は、以下の実施例、比較例を参照)において、以下の4項目に関し、基準を定め、目視により判定した。
(分離)沈降管上部の色が薄い層の体積で評価した。
◎(優):分離なし、○(良):分離10%未満、△(可):分離30%未満、×(不可):分離30%以上
(沈降)沈降管底面の堆積物の量で評価した。
◎(優):沈降なし、○(良):部分的に薄く沈降、△(可):一面に薄く沈降、×(不可):全体的に濃く沈降
(凝集)沈降管全体において、不均一な部分の量で評価した。
◎(優):均一、○(良):僅かに一部不均一、△(可):一部不均一、×(不可):全体的に不均一
各種飲料(製造法は、以下の実施例、比較例を参照)を、製造1時間後(25℃保存)に、B形粘度計(ローター回転数60rpm。セットして30秒静置後に、30秒間回転させて測定。但し、ローターは、粘度によって適宜変更できる。使用するロータは以下の通り。1~20mPa・s:BL型、21~100mPa・s:No1、101~300mPa・s:No2、301mPa・s:No3)で測定した。測定結果は、以下の基準で分類した。
(粘度)◎(優):1~10、○(良):10~20、△(可):20~50、×(不可):50~ [mPa・s]以下では、セルロースをMCC、サイリウムシードガムをCSG、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムをCMC-Na、ジェランガムをGLG、アルギン酸ナトリウムをARG-Na、LMペクチンをLMPと略して記載する。
市販DPパルプを裁断後、2.5mol/L塩酸中で105℃、15分間加水分解した後、水洗・濾過を行い、固形分が50質量%のウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作製した(平均重合度は220であった)。
得られたセルロース複合化物Aの貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.48Paであった。また、セルロース複合体Aの体積平均粒子径は6.2μmであり、コロイド状セルロース成分は55質量%、粒子L/Dは1.6であった。セルロース複合体Aの分散安定性(分離、沈降、凝集、粘度)について評価し、結果を表-1に示す。
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、MCC/CSG/CMC-Naとの質量比が90/3/7、固形分40質量%の条件でセルロース水分散体を調製した。このセルロース水分散体を、実施例1と同様の装置で混練し、セルロース複合体Bを得た。混練エネルギーは、0.1kWh/kgであった。混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.2Pa、体積平均粒子径は6.8μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は45質量%、粒子L/Dは2.0であった。セルロース複合体Bを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、MCC/CSG/GLG(CPケルコ製、ケルコゲル、Lot070628、1質量%溶解液の粘度1222mPa・s)との質量比が90/9/1となるよう秤量し、固形分が49.5質量%となるように加水した後、プラネタリーミキサーで混練して、セルロース複合体Cを得た。混練エネルギーは、0.5kWh/kgであった。混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、MCC/CSG/CMC-Naとの質量比が50/25/25となるよう秤量し、固形分49質量%となるように加水し、プラネタリーミキサーで混練して、セルロース複合体Dを得た。混練エネルギーは、0.6kWh/kgであった。混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.2Pa、体積平均粒子径は5.8μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は36質量%、粒子L/Dは1.6であった。セルロース複合体Dを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、MCC/CSG/ARG-Na((株)キミカ製、キミカアルギン SKAT-UVL、1%溶解液の粘度4.1mPa・s)との質量比が95/2.5/2.5、となるよう秤量し、固形分45質量%となるように加水し、プラネタリーミキサーで混練して、セルロース複合体Eを得た。混練エネルギーは、0.6kWh/kgであった。混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.5Pa、体積平均粒子径は7.8μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は43質量%、粒子L/Dは1.6であった。セルロース複合体Eを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、MCC/CSGとの質量比が90/10、となるよう秤量し、固形分45質量%となるように加水し、プラネタリーミキサーで混練して、セルロース複合体Fを得た。混練エネルギーは、0.5kWh/kgであった。混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.15Paで、体積平均粒子径は7.4μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は56質量%、粒子L/Dは1.6であった。セルロース複合体Fを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、MCC/CSG/LMP(ユニテックフーズ(株)製、LNSN325)との質量比が90/5/5なるよう秤量し、固形分45質量%となるように加水し、プラネタリーミキサーで混練して、セルロース複合体Mを得た。混練エネルギーは、0.5kWh/kgであった。混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.17Paで、体積平均粒子径は7.2μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は54質量%、粒子L/Dは1.6であった。セルロース複合体Mを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、MCC/CSG/CMC-Naとの質量比が80/0/20となるよう秤量し、固形分45質量%となるように加水し、プラネタリーミキサーで混練して、セルロース複合体Gを得た。混練エネルギーは0.5kWh/kgであり、混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
セルロース複合体Gの貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.02Pa、体積平均粒子径は8.8μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は35質量%、粒子L/Dは1.6であった。セルロース複合体Gを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
比較例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、MCC/CSG/CMC-Naとの質量比が90/5/5となるよう秤量し、固形分28質量%となるように加水し、プラネタリーミキサーで混練して、セルロース複合体Jを得た。混練エネルギーは0.04kWh/kgであり、混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
セルロース複合体Jの貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.01Pa、体積平均粒子径は13.5μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は28質量%、粒子L/Dは2.4であった。セルロース複合体Jを用いて比較例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
市販DPパルプを裁断後、10質量%塩酸中で105℃、20分間加水分解して得られた酸不溶性残渣をろ過、洗浄した後、固形分10質量%のセルロース水分散体を調製した(平均重合度は200であった)。この加水分解セルロースの平均粒径は17μmであった。このセルロース水分散体を媒体攪拌湿式粉砕装置(コトブキ技研工業株式会社製アペックスミル、AM-1型)で、媒体として直径1mmφのジルコニアビーズを用いて、攪拌翼回転数1800rpm、セルロース水分散体の供給量0.4L/minの条件にて2回通過で粉砕処理を行い、微細セルロースのペースト状物を得た。
市販のDPパルプを裁断後、10質量%の塩酸中で105℃、20分間、加水分解して得られた酸不溶性残渣をろ過、洗浄して水分60質量%のウェットケーキ状のセルロースを得た。固形分45質量%となるように加水し、これを実施例1と同様の条件で、プラネタリーミキサーにて2時間処理を行った。この摩砕処理物に、水を加え、固形分を7質量%として、高剪断ホモジナイザー(日本精機(株)製、商品名「エクセルオートホモジナイザーED-7」処理条件:回転数15,000rpm×5分間)で分散させた。その後に、2500Gの遠心力で、10分間遠心分離し、上層部として、固形分4質量%のMCC水分散体を得た。
体積平均粒子径は3.5μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は72質量%粒子L/Dは1.6であった(体積平均粒子径の測定で得られた粒度分布における10μm以上の粒子の割合は2.5%であった)。実施例1と同様の操作で、貯蔵弾性率を測定した結果、0.01Paであった。
実施例1と同様にしてセルロース複合体Aを得た。これを用いて次のようにして、カルシウム強化スポーツドリンクを作成した。
実施例1と同様にしてセルロース複合体Aを得た。これを用いて次のようにしてベータグルカン強化野菜果汁ジュースを作成した。
実施例1と同様にしてセルロース複合体Aを得た。これを用いて次のようにして、タンパク質強化野菜果汁飲料を作成した。
実施例10と同様の操作において、最終飲料中のHMペクチンの濃度が0.05質量%となるように、タンパク質強化野菜果汁飲料を作成した。
実施例10と同様の操作において、最終飲料中のセルロース複合体Aの濃度が0.1質量%、大豆タンパク質の濃度が1.0質量%、HMペクチンの濃度が0.1質量%となるように調製し、タンパク質強化野菜果汁飲料を作成した。
実施例10と同様の操作において、用いるセルロース複合体を実施例7で得られたセルロース複合体Mとした。また、最終飲料中のセルロース複合体Mの濃度が0.3質量%、大豆タンパク質の濃度が0.5質量%、HMペクチンの濃度が0.2質量%となるように調製し、タンパク質強化野菜果汁飲料を作成した。
実施例10と同様の操作において、最終飲料中のセルロース複合体Aの濃度が0.2質量%、大豆タンパク質の濃度が0.5質量%、HMペクチン添加せずに調製し、タンパク質強化野菜果汁飲料を作成した。
実施例10と同様の操作において、セルロース複合体を添加せずに、大豆タンパク質の濃度が0.5質量%、HMペクチンの濃度が0.2質量%となるように調製し、タンパク質強化野菜果汁飲料を作成した。
実施例10と同様の操作において、用いるセルロース複合体を比較例2で得られたセルロース複合体Jとした。また、最終飲料中のセルロース複合体Jの濃度が0.2質量%、大豆タンパク質の濃度が0.5質量%、HMペクチンの濃度が0.1質量%となるように調製し、タンパク質強化野菜果汁飲料を作成した。
セルロース複合体AをTKホモミキサー(特殊機化工業(株)製、MARKII)を用いて8,000rpmで10分間分散し、10質量%の水分散体を作成した。その水分散体と、野菜果汁乳飲料(市販品「やさい&豆乳」伊藤園(株)製、成分組成:野菜汁25%、果実汁5%、豆乳10%、植物性タンパク質3.1g/777g)とをTKホモミキサー(特殊機化工業(株)製、MARKII)を用いて8,000rpmで10分間分散した後、85℃の温浴中で、プロペラ式攪拌機で攪拌しながら10分間殺菌し、野菜果汁乳飲料を作製した。
実施例15と同様の操作において、用いるセルロース複合体を比較例1で得られたセルロース複合体Gとして、野菜果汁乳飲料を作成した。
実施例1で得られたセルロース複合体Aと純水を、TKホモミキサー(特殊機化工業(株)製、MARKII)を用いて8,000rpmで10分間分散し、5質量%の水分散体を得た。塩化ナトリウム水溶液(和光純薬製 特級)を加え、再度、TKホモミキサー(特殊機化工業(株)製、MARKII)を用いて8,000rpmで10分間分散した。
この調味料を、実施例1と同様に、外観を評価した結果、分離は◎、沈降は◎、凝集は◎であった。
実施例16で得られた調味料に、さらに氷酢酸を添加し、pHを4.5にし、プロペラ攪拌機で攪拌し、酸性高塩濃度の調味料を得た。(得られた調味量の組成は、セルロース分散体Aが1質量%、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1.0mol/L、かつお粉末0.5質量%、pHが4.5であった)
この調味料を、実施例1と同様に、外観を評価した結果、分離は◎、沈降は◎、凝集は◎であった。
実施例16の操作において、用いるセルロース複合体を比較例1で得られたセルロース複合体Gを使用し、高塩濃度の調味料を得た。(得られた調味量の組成は、セルロース分散体Aが1質量%、塩化ナトリウム濃度が1.0mol/L、かつお粉末0.5質量%pHが6.6であった)
この調味料を、実施例1と同様に、外観を評価した結果、分離は×、沈降は×、凝集は△であった。
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、親水性ガムとしてCSGの代わりにジェランガム(GLG)を使用し、セルロース複合体を調製した。調製方法は以下の通りである。MCC/GLG(CPケルコ社製 脱アシル型ジェランガム、商品名ケルコゲル)/CMC-Na(第一工業製薬(株)、F-7A、1%溶解液の粘度11mPa・s)との質量比が90/5/5なるよう秤量し、固形分50質量%となるように加水し、プラネタリーミキサーで混練して、セルロース複合体Nを得た。混練エネルギーは、0.6kWh/kgであった。混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.32Paで、体積平均粒子径は6.5μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は45質量%、粒子L/Dは1.6であった。セルロース複合体Nを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、親水性ガムとしてCSGの代わりにキサンタンガムを使用し、セルロース複合体を調製した。試作方法は以下の通りである。MCC/キサンタンガム(三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製 ビストップNSD-X)/CMC-Na(第一工業製薬(株)、F-7A、1%溶解液の粘度11mPa・s)との質量比が90/2/8なるよう秤量し、固形分48質量%となるように加水し、プラネタリーミキサーで混練して、セルロース複合体Oを得た。混練エネルギーは、0.6kWh/kgであった。混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.35Paで、体積平均粒子径は6.3μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は49質量%、粒子L/Dは1.6であった。セルロース複合体Oを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
市販木材パルプ(平均重合度=1720、α-セルロース含有量=78質量%)を、6×16mm角の矩形に裁断し、固形分濃度が80質量%になるように水を加えた。これを、水とパルプチップができるだけ分離しないよう注意して、カッターミル(カッティングヘッド/水平刃間隙:2.03mm、インペラー回転数:3600rpm)に1回通した。セルロース濃度が1.5質量%になるように、カッターミル処理品と水を量り取り、繊維の絡みがなくなるまで撹拌した。この水分散体を砥石回転型粉砕機(グラインダー回転数:1800rpm)で処理した。処理回数は2回で、グラインダークリアランスを110→80μmと変えて処理した。ついで得られた水分散体をそのまま高圧ホモジナイザー(処理圧力:55MPa)で18パスし、セルローススラリーを得た。走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、長径/短径比が30~300のきわめて微細な繊維状のセルロースが観察された。
体積平均粒子径は37.9μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は75質量%であった。実施例1と同様の操作で、貯蔵弾性率を測定した結果、22Paであった。セルロース組成物Pを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
(実施例20)
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、親水性ガムとしてCSGを、水溶性ガムとしてCMC-Naを使用し、セルロース複合体を調製した。試作方法は以下の通りである。MCC/CSG(シキボウ株式会社製 サイリウムシードハスク フードメイド 1%溶解液の粘度は198mPa・s)/CMC-Na(第一工業製薬(株)、F-7A、1%溶解液の粘度11mPa・s)との質量比が90/5/5なるよう秤量し、固形分37質量%となるように加水し、プラネタリーミキサーで混練して、セルロース複合体Qを得た。混練エネルギーは、0.05kWh/kgであった(プラネタリーミキサーの運転条件は、実施例1と同じであり、運転時間により、混練エネルギーを調節した。)。混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~60℃、到達温度は50~60℃であった。
貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.06Paで、体積平均粒子径は8.2μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は38質量%、粒子L/Dは2.2であった。セルロース複合体Qを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
また、これを用いて実施例1と同様にして、カルシウム強化野菜果汁ジュースを作成し、懸濁安定性を評価した。結果を表-1に示す。
(実施例21)
実施例1と同様にしてウェットケーキ状のセルロースを作成し、MCC/CSG/CMC-Naとの質量比が90/5/5、固形分40質量%の条件でセルロース水分散体を調製した。このセルロース水分散体を、実施例1と同様の装置で混練し、混練容器中のジャケットに温水(50℃)を流すことで、混練温度を制御し、セルロース複合体Rを得た。混練時間は実施例1より延長され、トータルの混練エネルギーは、0.50kWh/kgであった。混練温度は、実施例1と同様に測定され、混練を通して20~80℃、到達温度は70~80℃であった。貯蔵弾性率(G’)は0.13Pa、体積平均粒子径は6.3μm、コロイド状セルロース成分は55質量%、粒子L/Dは2.0であった。セルロース複合体Rを用いて実施例1と同様にして、分散安定性を評価した。
また、これを用いて実施例1と同様にして、カルシウム強化野菜果汁ジュースを作成し、懸濁安定性を評価した。結果を表-1に示す。
セルロース複合体A(実施例1)と、セルロース複合体K(比較例3)の粘弾性測定の結果を図1、2に示す。
Claims (13)
- セルロース及び親水性ガムを含むセルロース複合体であって、該セルロース複合体を1質量%含むpH4の水分散体において貯蔵弾性率(G’)が0.06Pa以上である上記セルロース複合体。
- 親水性ガムが、陰イオン性多糖類である請求項1に記載のセルロース複合体。
- 親水性ガムが、分岐状の陰イオン性多糖類である請求項1又は2に記載のセルロース複合体。
- 親水性ガムが、ジェランガム、キサンタンガム、カラヤガム、及びサイリウムシードガムからなる群から選ばれる1種以上である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース複合体。
- 親水性ガムが、サイリウムシードガムである請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース複合体。
- セルロース50~99質量%、及び親水性ガム1~50質量%を含むセルロース複合体であり、貯蔵弾性率(G’)が0.15Pa以上である請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース複合体。
- さらに、上記親水性ガムとは異なる水溶性ガムを含む請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース複合体。
- 前記水溶性ガムが、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、LMペクチン、アルギン酸ナトリウム、及びジェランガムからなる群から選ばれる1種以上である請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース複合体。
- 前記親水性ガムと前記水溶性ガムとの質量比が30/70~99/1である請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース複合体。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のセルロース複合体を含有する、pH5以下又は塩濃度が0.01mol/l以上の飲食品。
- 0.01質量%以上の水不溶性成分を含む請求項10に記載の飲食品。
- 固形分濃度20質量%以上のセルロースと親水性ガムとの混練物を50Wh/kg以上の混練エネルギーで混練する工程を含む、セルロース及び親水性ガムを含むセルロース複合体の製造方法であって、該セルロース複合体を1質量%含むpH4の水分散体における貯蔵弾性率(G’)が0.06Pa以上である、上記セルロース複合体の製造方法。
- 請求項12に記載の製法により得られるセルロース複合体。
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