WO2011118387A1 - 非水電解液二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011118387A1 WO2011118387A1 PCT/JP2011/055472 JP2011055472W WO2011118387A1 WO 2011118387 A1 WO2011118387 A1 WO 2011118387A1 JP 2011055472 W JP2011055472 W JP 2011055472W WO 2011118387 A1 WO2011118387 A1 WO 2011118387A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- aqueous electrolyte
- secondary battery
- electrolyte secondary
- dioxolan
- Prior art date
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- STOZCBVKKVJEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC1(F)COC(=O)O1 STOZCBVKKVJEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWCPAXGJZONERL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-4-(fluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FCC1(F)COC(=O)O1 JWCPAXGJZONERL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQMSFYPBTYIWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(F)COC(=O)O1 GQMSFYPBTYIWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYKQXOJJRYRIHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1(F)COC(=O)O1 PYKQXOJJRYRIHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLSXVAGEMUBTRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MLSXVAGEMUBTRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DRGUDQMAHXHLPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-5-(1-fluoroethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC(F)C1OC(=O)OC1F DRGUDQMAHXHLPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XWOGPQJTVYBHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-5-(2-fluoroethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FCCC1OC(=O)OC1F XWOGPQJTVYBHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXWYAAKUBKZFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-5-(fluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FCC1OC(=O)OC1F GXWYAAKUBKZFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HXUJPRNENDTOPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-4,4-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC(F)(F)C1OC(=O)OC1(F)F HXUJPRNENDTOPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZVYSVAEAMLFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1,2-difluoroethyl)-4,4-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FCC(F)C1OC(=O)OC1(F)F QZVYSVAEAMLFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHSRHAYIBMUGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4,4-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)CC1OC(=O)OC1(F)F MHSRHAYIBMUGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000032368 Device malfunction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006369 KF polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011439 LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.15O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002194 amorphous carbon material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002409 silicon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/121—Organic material
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- Embodiments according to the present invention relate to a secondary battery, and more particularly, to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Examples of means for obtaining a high energy density secondary battery include a method using a negative electrode material having a large capacity, a method using a non-aqueous electrolyte having excellent stability, and the like.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that silicon oxide or silicate is used as a negative electrode active material of a secondary battery.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a negative electrode for a secondary battery including an active material layer including carbon material particles capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, metal particles capable of being alloyed with lithium, and oxide particles capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions. Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a negative electrode material for a secondary battery in which the surface of particles having a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in a silicon compound is coated with carbon.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 describe that polyimide is used as a negative electrode binder when the negative electrode active material contains silicon.
- Patent Document 6 discloses using halogenated ethylene carbonate as an electrolyte solvent.
- Patent Documents 7 and 8 disclose, for example, the use of a fluorinated ether having the following structure and excellent stability as a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Patent Document 9 uses, as a negative electrode active material, a first material made of a graphite material and a second material made of a composite in which the graphite material and silicon or a silicon compound are coated with an amorphous carbon material, It is described that a non-aqueous electrolyte includes a cyclic carbonate derivative having a fluorine atom and a sulfur-containing compound having a cyclic structure.
- the negative electrode material for a secondary battery described in Patent Document 3 also has an effect of reducing the volume change as a whole of the negative electrode, but a binder, a non-aqueous electrolyte, indispensable for forming a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, There were many points that have not been sufficiently studied about the electrode element structure and the exterior body.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 in addition to insufficient studies on the state of the negative electrode active material, non-aqueous electrolyte, electrode element structure, and exterior body that are indispensable for forming a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery Many points have not been fully examined.
- Patent Documents 6 and 7 are used for the purpose of improving storage characteristics, non-flammability, and oxidation resistance, respectively, and no new effect has been studied. It was.
- Patent Document 8 it is described that the coexistence of the fluorinated ether and the fluorinated ester (the phase separation is difficult) and the solubility of the electrolyte salt is high. There were many points that have not been fully studied about the effects that can be generated by specific combinations of the above.
- Patent Documents 6 to 8 the effects brought about by a combination of a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, an electrode element structure, an exterior body, and a plurality of constituent members that are indispensable for forming a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. There were many points that were not fully examined.
- the cyclic fluorinated carbonate is decomposed on the negative electrode surface to form a film, thereby suppressing the decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte and leading to a long life of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- carbonate-based compounds are likely to generate CO 2 by decomposition compared to ether-based compounds due to their structure.
- cracking generally referred to as “miniaturization”
- miniaturization occurs due to volume expansion during charge and discharge, the coverage by the coating decreases, and the nonaqueous electrolyte solution decomposes. It may not be able to be suppressed.
- an embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of long-life driving in a secondary battery using a high energy negative electrode.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having an electrode element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are arranged to face each other, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and an exterior body containing the electrode element and the non-aqueous electrolyte,
- the negative electrode is A negative electrode comprising: (a) a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions; (b) a metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium; and (c) a metal oxide capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions.
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of an electrode element included in a laminated laminate type secondary battery.
- Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery an electrode element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are arranged to face each other and a non-aqueous electrolyte are included in an exterior body.
- the shape of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery may be any of a cylindrical type, a flat wound square type, a laminated square type, a coin type, a flat wound laminated type, and a laminated laminate type, and a laminated laminate type is preferable.
- a laminated laminate type nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of an electrode element of a laminated laminate type non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- This electrode element is formed by alternately stacking a plurality of positive electrodes c and a plurality of negative electrodes a with a separator b interposed therebetween.
- the positive electrode current collector e of each positive electrode c is welded to and electrically connected to each other at an end portion not covered with the positive electrode active material, and a positive electrode terminal f is welded to the welded portion.
- the negative electrode current collector d of each negative electrode a is welded and electrically connected to each other at an end portion not covered with the negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode terminal g is welded to the welded portion.
- the electrode element having such a planar laminated structure does not have a portion with a small R (a region close to the winding core of the wound structure or a region corresponding to the folded portion), it has a comparison with an electrode element having a wound structure.
- an electrode element having a wound structure since the electrode is curved, the structure is easily distorted when a volume change occurs.
- a negative electrode active material having a large volume change due to charge / discharge such as a silicon-based active material
- a secondary battery using an electrode element having a wound structure has a large capacity drop due to charge / discharge.
- the electrode element having a planar laminated structure has a problem that when the gas is generated between the electrodes, the generated gas tends to stay between the electrodes. This is because, in the case of an electrode element having a wound structure, the distance between the electrodes is difficult to widen because tension is applied to the electrodes, whereas in the case of an electrode element having a laminated structure, the distance between the electrodes is widened. This is because it is easy. This problem is particularly noticeable when the outer package is an aluminum laminate film.
- the above-described problems can be solved, and a long-life driving can be performed even in a laminated non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a high-energy negative electrode.
- Negative Electrode The negative electrode is bound so that the negative electrode active material covers the negative electrode current collector with a negative electrode binder.
- the negative electrode active material (a) a carbon material that can occlude and release lithium ions, (b) a metal that can form an alloy with lithium, and (c) occlude lithium ions. And a metal oxide that can be released.
- graphite with high crystallinity has high electrical conductivity, and is excellent in adhesiveness and voltage flatness with a negative electrode current collector made of a metal such as copper. Therefore, it is advantageous in designing a high output / high energy secondary battery.
- amorphous carbon having low crystallinity has a relatively small volume expansion, it has a high effect of relaxing the volume expansion of the entire negative electrode, and deterioration due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects hardly occurs. Therefore, it is advantageous in designing a long-life / high-robustness secondary battery.
- the metal includes semimetals such as As, Sb, Bi, Si, and Ge.
- semimetals such as As, Sb, Bi, Si, and Ge.
- Al, Si, Pb, Sn, In, Bi, Ag, Ba, Ca, Hg, Pd, Pt, Te, Zn, La, or an alloy of two or more of these may be used. it can.
- silicon (Si) is preferably included as a metal.
- (C) As the metal oxide silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, or a composite thereof can be used.
- (c) silicon oxide is preferably included as the metal oxide. This is because silicon oxide is relatively stable and hardly causes a reaction with other compounds.
- the (c) metal oxide is preferably an oxide of a metal constituting the metal (b).
- (c) one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron and sulfur may be added to the metal oxide, for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass. By carrying out like this, the electrical conductivity of (c) metal oxide can be improved.
- All or part of the metal oxide preferably has an amorphous structure.
- the amorphous structure (c) metal oxide can suppress the volume expansion of other negative electrode active materials (a) carbon material and (b) metal, and can also suppress the decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte. . Although this mechanism is not clear, it is presumed that (c) because the metal oxide has an amorphous structure, (a) there is some influence on film formation at the interface between the carbon material and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the amorphous structure is considered to have relatively few elements due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects.
- all or part of (b) metal is dispersed in (c) metal oxide.
- (B) By dispersing at least a part of the metal in (c) the metal oxide, volume expansion as the whole negative electrode can be further suppressed, and decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte can also be suppressed. Note that (b) all or part of the metal is dispersed in (c) the metal oxide. This is because transmission electron microscope observation (general TEM observation) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement (general This can be confirmed by using a combination of a standard EDX measurement.
- the negative electrode active material partially dispersed in (c) the metal oxide can be produced by, for example, a method disclosed in Patent Document 3. That is, (c) the metal oxide is subjected to CVD treatment in an atmosphere containing an organic gas such as methane gas, so that (c) the metal in the metal oxide is nanoclustered and the surface is (a) carbon A composite coated with the material can be obtained. This composite can be used as a negative electrode active material.
- the ratio of (a) carbon material, (b) metal, and (c) metal oxide is not particularly limited.
- the carbon material is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, based on the total of (a) the carbon material, (b) metal, and (c) metal oxide. The following is preferable.
- the metal is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less with respect to the total of (a) the carbon material, (b) metal and (c) metal oxide.
- the metal oxide is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass with respect to the total of (a) the carbon material, (b) metal, and (c) the metal oxide. % Or less is preferable.
- binder for the negative electrode examples include polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, Polyimide, polyamideimide, or the like can be used. Of these, polyimide or polyamideimide is preferred because of its high binding properties. At that time, the content of the binder for the negative electrode in the negative electrode is 5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode from the viewpoint of “sufficient binding force” and “high energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. 7 to 20 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the negative electrode current collector copper, nickel, and silver are preferable in view of electrochemical stability.
- the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
- the negative electrode active material layer can be formed by a general slurry coating method. That is, a negative electrode can be produced by applying and drying a negative electrode slurry on a negative electrode current collector, and compressing and molding as necessary.
- the negative electrode slurry can be obtained by dispersing and kneading the negative electrode active material in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) together with the negative electrode binder.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Examples of the method for applying the negative electrode slurry include a doctor blade method and a die coater method. At this time, the negative electrode active material layer is bound so that the negative electrode active material covers the negative electrode current collector with the negative electrode binder.
- a negative electrode can also be produced by a method of forming a metal thin film to be a negative electrode current collector by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the positive electrode is formed, for example, by binding a positive electrode active material so as to cover the positive electrode current collector with a positive electrode binder.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material include the following. Lithium manganate having a layered structure such as LiMnO 2 and Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) or lithium manganate having a spinel structure; LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 or a part of these transition metals replaced with other metals; Lithium transition metal oxide in which a specific transition metal such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 does not exceed half; In these lithium transition metal oxides, Li is in excess of the stoichiometric composition.
- a positive electrode active material can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the same negative electrode binder can be used.
- polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and low cost.
- the amount of the positive electrode binder used is preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “higher energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. .
- the positive electrode current collector aluminum, nickel, silver, SUS, valve metal, and alloys thereof can be used because of electrochemical stability.
- aluminum is preferable.
- a conductive auxiliary material may be added to the positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode active material for the purpose of reducing impedance.
- the conductive auxiliary material include carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte As the non-aqueous electrolyte, a solution obtained by dissolving a supporting salt in a non-aqueous solvent containing a cyclic fluorinated carbonate and a chain fluorinated ether is used.
- Non-aqueous solvents are commonly used as solvents for non-aqueous electrolytes, and specific examples thereof include carbonates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethers, ketones, esters, nitriles, and the like.
- the non-aqueous solvent at least one non-aqueous solvent having a high dielectric constant such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL), and those substituted with fluorine, and diethyl carbonate (DEC)
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- a mixture of at least one non-aqueous solvent having a low dielectric constant such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), esters other than ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethers, and those substituted with fluorine.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC e
- the “non-aqueous solvent” does not include cyclic fluorinated carbonates and chain fluorinated ethers. That is, the “non-aqueous solvent” refers to a liquid medium contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte excluding the cyclic fluorinated carbonate and the chain fluorinated ether.
- the chain fluorinated ether is one of hydrogen atoms of chain ether such as methyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, dipropyl ether, methyl butyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, propyl butyl ether or the like.
- a plurality are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- n 1, 2, 3 or 4
- X 1 to X 8 are each independently a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom.
- at least one of X 1 to X 4 is a fluorine atom
- at least one of X 5 to X 8 is a fluorine atom.
- the atomic ratio of fluorine atoms to hydrogen atoms bonded to the compound of formula (1) [(total number of fluorine atoms) / (total number of hydrogen atoms)] ⁇ 1. ]
- the compound represented by these is preferable.
- the content of the chain fluorinated ether in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 10 to 50 parts by volume with respect to 100 parts by volume in total of the non-aqueous solvent and the chain fluorinated ether, More preferably, it is 30 parts by volume.
- Cyclic fluorinated carbonate is one in which one or more hydrogen atoms of cyclic carbonate such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC) are substituted with fluorine atoms. is there.
- cyclic fluorinated carbonate include the following.
- the chain fluorinated ether which is a relatively stable non-aqueous electrolyte, may be too stable to form a negative electrode surface coating (so-called solid electrolyte interface coating, SEI coating). is there.
- the cyclic fluorinated carbonate may have an effect of promoting the SEI film formation of the chain fluorinated ether. Therefore, it is expected that the reaction between the chain fluorinated ether and the negative electrode is moderately accelerated.
- the content of the cyclic fluorinated carbonate in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the non-aqueous solvent and the chain fluorinated ether. More preferably, it is part by mass.
- the supporting salt examples include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 and the like.
- the supporting salt can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may form an alloy with a specific negative electrode, that is, a negative electrode active material, (a) a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, and (b) lithium such as silicon.
- a specific negative electrode that is, a negative electrode active material
- a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions and
- lithium such as silicon lithium such as silicon.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a chain fluorinated ether is used as the measure of (1), and a specific negative electrode active material such as a silicon-silicon oxide-carbon composite is used as a measure of (2).
- separator a porous film such as polypropylene or polyethylene or a nonwoven fabric can be used. Moreover, what laminated
- Electrode element structure examples include a cylindrical wound structure, a flat wound structure, a zigzag folded structure, and a laminated structure.
- a laminated structure is particularly preferable. Since the electrode element having a planar laminated structure does not have a portion with a small R (region close to the winding core of the wound structure or region corresponding to the folded portion), when an active material having a large volume change due to charge / discharge is used, Compared to an electrode element having a wound structure, there is an advantage that it is less likely to be adversely affected by the volume change of the electrode accompanying charge / discharge.
- Exterior Body can be appropriately selected as long as it is stable to the non-aqueous electrolyte and has a sufficient water vapor barrier property.
- a can made mainly of aluminum a can made mainly of iron or stainless steel, a laminate resin, or the like can be used.
- a laminate resin is preferable.
- a laminate film such as aluminum or silica-coated polypropylene or polyethylene can be used.
- an aluminum laminate film is preferably used from the viewpoints of versatility and cost.
- the distortion of the electrode element is greatly increased when gas is generated, compared to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a metal can as the exterior body. .
- the laminate film is more easily deformed by the internal pressure of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery than the metal can.
- the internal pressure of the battery is usually lower than atmospheric pressure, so there is no extra space inside and gas is generated. In addition, it tends to immediately lead to a change in the volume of the battery and deformation of the electrode element.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to this embodiment can overcome the above problem. As a result, it is possible to provide a laminated non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is inexpensive and excellent in design flexibility of the cell capacity by changing the number of laminated layers.
- Example 1 The silicon oxide powder (mixture of silicon oxide and silicon) represented by the general formula SiO is subjected to CVD treatment at 1150 ° C. for 6 hours in an atmosphere containing methane gas, so that silicon in silicon oxide is nanoclustered, and the surface A silicon-silicon oxide-carbon composite (negative electrode active material) coated with carbon was obtained.
- the mass ratio of silicon / silicon oxide / carbon was adjusted to be approximately 29/61/10.
- the negative electrode slurry was applied to the surface of a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m so as to be 2.5 mg per 1 cm 2 and then dried. Similarly, the negative electrode slurry was applied to the back surface of the copper foil and dried. Then, the negative electrode was produced by cutting into 170 mm x 88 mm.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to the surface of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m so as to have an amount of 20 mg per cm 2, and then dried and pressed. Similarly, the positive electrode slurry was applied, dried and pressed on the back surface of the aluminum foil. Then, the positive electrode was produced by cutting into 166 mm x 84 mm.
- non-aqueous electrolyte a non-aqueous solvent obtained by mixing EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC at 1/1/2/2/2 (volume ratio) and a chain fluorinated ether (HF 2 C-CF 2).
- LiPF 6 was dissolved at 1 mol / L
- cyclic fluorinated carbonate (4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one) was dissolved.
- ) was dissolved in 5 wt%.
- the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an outer package, and the two sides where the tabs were protruding were sealed with a heat sealing machine to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- One side is not sealed because it is a folded portion of aluminum laminate.
- Example 2 Except for using a polyimide (made by Ube Industries, trade name: U varnish A) as a binder for the negative electrode, applying and drying the negative electrode slurry to the copper foil, and then performing a heat treatment at 350 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The same operation as in Example 1 was performed.
- a polyimide made by Ube Industries, trade name: U varnish A
- Example 3 The same operation as in Example 2 was performed except that polyamideimide (trade name: Viromax (registered trademark)) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was used as the negative electrode binder.
- polyamideimide trade name: Viromax (registered trademark) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. was used as the negative electrode binder.
- Example 4 A non-aqueous system in which the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material and the binder for the negative electrode is 95: 5, and EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC is mixed at 1/1/2/2 (volume ratio).
- Example 5 A non-aqueous system in which the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material and the binder for the negative electrode is 95: 5, and EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC is mixed at 1/1/2/2 (volume ratio).
- Example 6 A non-aqueous system in which the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material and the binder for the negative electrode is 95: 5, and EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC is mixed at 1/1/2/2 (volume ratio).
- Example 7 A non-aqueous system in which the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material and the binder for the negative electrode is 95: 5, and EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC is mixed at 1/1/2/2 (volume ratio).
- Example 8 A non-aqueous system in which the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material and the binder for negative electrode is 75:25, and EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC is mixed at 1/1/2/2 (volume ratio).
- Example 9 A non-aqueous system in which the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material and the binder for negative electrode is 75:25, and EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC is mixed at 1/1/2/2 (volume ratio).
- Example 10 A non-aqueous system in which the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material and the binder for negative electrode is 75:25, and EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC is mixed at 1/1/2/2 (volume ratio).
- Example 11 A non-aqueous system in which the mixing ratio of the negative electrode active material and the binder for negative electrode is 75:25, and EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC is mixed at 1/1/2/2 (volume ratio).
- EC / PC / DMC / EMC / DEC / HF 2 C—CF 2 —CH 2 —O—CF 2 —CF 2 H 10/10/20/20/20/20/20
- Silicon oxide powder represented by the general formula SiO (mixture of silicon oxide and silicon) is subjected to CVD treatment at 1150 ° C. for 6 hours in an atmosphere containing methane gas, so that silicon in silicon oxide is nanoclustered silicon- A silicon oxide composite (negative electrode active material) was obtained.
- the mass ratio of silicon / silicon oxide / carbon was adjusted to approximately 32/68/0. It implemented like Example 2 except having used this negative electrode active material.
- Example 16 The same operation as in Example 2 was conducted except that the mixing ratio of the cyclic fluorinated carbonate (4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one) was 0 wt%.
- the capacity retention rate and volume change in the 60 ° C. cycle test of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries produced in Examples 1 to 11, and the capacity maintenance rate and volume change during the 20 ° C. cycle were as follows: It was superior to the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 16. From this result, it was clarified that the present embodiment provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of long-life driving in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a high energy negative electrode.
- This embodiment can be used in all industrial fields that require a power source and in industrial fields related to the transport, storage, and supply of electrical energy.
- power supplies for mobile devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers
- power supplies for transportation and transportation media such as trains, satellites, and submarines, including electric vehicles such as electric cars, hybrid cars, electric bikes, and electric assist bicycles
- a backup power source such as a UPS
- a power storage facility for storing power generated by solar power generation, wind power generation, etc .
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Abstract
Description
正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子と、非水電解液と、前記電極素子および前記非水電解液を内包する外装体とを有する非水電解液二次電池であって、
前記負極は、
(a)リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る炭素材料と、(b)リチウムとの間に合金を形成可能な金属と、(c)リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物と、を含む負極活物質と、
負極用結着剤と、
負極集電体と、
を有し、前記負極活物質は負極用結着剤によって前記負極集電体に結着され、
前記非水電解液が、非水系溶媒と環状フッ素化カーボネートと鎖状フッ素化エーテルとを含有する、
ことを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池に関する。
本実施形態に係る非水電解液二次電池は、正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子と、非水電解液とが外装体に内包されている。非水電解液二次電池の形状は、円筒型、扁平捲回角型、積層角型、コイン型、扁平捲回ラミネート型および積層ラミネート型のいずれでもよいが、積層ラミネート型が好ましい。以下、積層ラミネート型の非水電解液二次電池について説明する。
負極は、負極活物質が負極用結着剤によって負極集電体を覆うように結着されている。そして、本実施形態では、負極活物質として、(a)リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る炭素材料と、(b)リチウムとの間に合金を形成可能な金属と、(c)リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物とを用いる。
正極は、例えば、正極活物質が正極用結着剤によって正極集電体を覆うように結着されてなる。
LiMnO2、LixMn2O4(0<x<2)等の層状構造を持つマンガン酸リチウムまたはスピネル構造を有するマンガン酸リチウム;
LiCoO2、LiNiO2またはこれらの遷移金属の一部を他の金属で置き換えたもの;
LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2などの特定の遷移金属が半数を超えないリチウム遷移金属酸化物;
これらのリチウム遷移金属酸化物において化学量論組成よりもLiを過剰にしたもの。
非水電解液としては、環状フッ素化カーボネートと鎖状フッ素化エーテルとを含む非水系溶媒に、支持塩を溶解したものを用いる。
H-(CX1X2-CX3X4)n-CH2O-CX5X6-CX7X8-H
(1)
[式(1)中、nは1、2、3または4であり、X1~X8はそれぞれ独立にフッ素原子または水素原子である。ただし、X1~X4の少なくとも1つはフッ素原子であり、X5~X8の少なくとも1つはフッ素原子である。また、式(1)の化合物に結合しているフッ素原子と水素原子の原子比〔(フッ素原子の総数)/(水素原子の総数)〕≧1である。]
で表される化合物が好ましい。
H-(CF2-CF2)n-CH2O-CF2-CF2-H (2)
[式(2)中、nは1または2である。]
がより好ましい。鎖状フッ素化エーテルは、一種を単独で、または二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,4-ジフルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、等のフルオロエチレンカーボネート;
4-フルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-ジフルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-トリフルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-メチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-フルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-ジフルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-トリフルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-メチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-フルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-ジフルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-トリフルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-4-トリフルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5,5-ジフルオロ-4-トリフルオロメチル-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、等のフルオロプロピレンカーボネート;
4-(2-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-(2,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-(1-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-(1,1-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-(1,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-(1,1,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-(1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-(1,1,2,2,2-ペンタフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-(2-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-(2,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-(1-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-(1,1-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-(1,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-(1,1,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-(1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4-フルオロ-4-(1,1,2,2,2-ペンタフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-(2-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-(2,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-(1-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-(1,1-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-(1,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-(1,1,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-(1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5-フルオロ-4-(1,1,2,2,2-ペンタフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-4-(2-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-4-(2,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-4-(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1,1-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1,1,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1,1,2,2,2-ペンタフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5,5-ジフルオロ-4-(2-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5,5-ジフルオロ-4-(2,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5,5-ジフルオロ-4-(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1,1-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1,1,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、5,5-ジフルオロ-4-(1,1,2,2,2-ペンタフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5,5-トリフルオロ-4-(2-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5,5-トリフルオロ-4-(2,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5,5-トリフルオロ-4-(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5,5-トリフルオロ-4-(1-フルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5,5-トリフルオロ-4-(1,1-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5,5-トリフルオロ-4-(1,2-ジフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5,5-トリフルオロ-4-(1,1,2-トリフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5,5-トリフルオロ-4-(1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、4,5,5-トリフルオロ-4-(1,1,2,2,2-ペンタフルオロエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン、等のフルオロブチレンカーボネート;
4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソール-2-オン、4,4-ジフルオロ-1,3-ジオキソール-2-オン、等のフルオロビニレンカーボネート;
これらの環状フッ素化カーボネートは、一種を単独で、または二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
(1)分子構造上、CO2を発生しにくい非水電解液を用いる。
(2)体積膨張率の異なる複数の負極活物質を共存させることで、体積膨張を緩和させ、ヒビ割れの程度を減少させる。
セパレータとしては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の多孔質フィルムや不織布を用いることができる。また、セパレータとしては、それらを積層したものを用いることもできる。
電極素子構造としては、円筒型捲回構造、偏平型捲回構造、つづら折構造、積層構造などが挙げられるが、特に、積層構造が好ましい。平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子は、Rの小さい部分(捲回構造の巻き芯に近い領域または折り返す部位にあたる領域)がないため、充放電に伴う体積変化が大きい活物質を用いた場合、捲回構造を持つ電極素子に比べて、充放電に伴う電極の体積変化に対する悪影響を受けにくいという利点がある。
外装体としては、非水電解液に安定で、かつ十分な水蒸気バリア性を持つものであれば、適宜選択することができる。例えば、アルミニウムを主材とした缶、鉄やステンレスを主材とした缶、ラミネート樹脂などを用いることができる。特に、ラミネート樹脂が好ましい。ラミネート樹脂を外装体に用いた非水電解液二次電池の場合の外装体としては、アルミニウム、シリカをコーティングしたポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。特に、汎用性やコスト面などの観点から、アルミニウムラミネートフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
一般式SiOで表される酸化ケイ素粉末(酸化ケイ素とケイ素との混合物)を、メタンガスを含む雰囲気下1150℃で6時間CVD処理を行うことで、酸化ケイ素中のケイ素がナノクラスター化し、かつ表面がカーボンで被覆されたケイ素-酸化ケイ素-カーボン複合体(負極活物質)を得た。ケイ素/酸化ケイ素/カーボンの質量比は、およそ29/61/10となるように調整した。
負極用結着剤としてポリイミド(宇部興産株式会社製、商品名:UワニスA)を用い、負極スラリーを銅箔に塗布・乾燥した後、さらに窒素雰囲気350℃の熱処理を行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。
負極用結着剤としてポリアミドイミド(東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:バイロマックス(登録商標))を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質と負極用結着剤との混合比を95:5の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で90/10(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=11.25/11.25/22.5/22.5/22.5/10)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を1wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質と負極用結着剤との混合比を95:5の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で90/10(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=11.25/11.25/22.5/22.5/22.5/10)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を10wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質と負極用結着剤との混合比を95:5の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で50/50(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=6.25/6.25/12.5/12.5/12.5/50)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を1wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質と負極用結着剤との混合比を95:5の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で50/50(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=6.25/6.25/12.5/12.5/12.5/50)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を10wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質と負極用結着剤との混合比を75:25の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で90/10(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=11.25/11.25/22.5/22.5/22.5/10)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を1wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質と負極用結着剤との混合比を75:25の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で90/10(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=11.25/11.25/22.5/22.5/22.5/10)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を10wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質と負極用結着剤との混合比を75:25の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で50/50(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=6.25/6.25/12.5/12.5/12.5/50)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を1wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質と負極用結着剤との混合比を75:25の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で50/50(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=6.25/6.25/12.5/12.5/12.5/50)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を10wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質としてケイ素(平均粒径D50=20μm)を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質としてケイ素(平均粒径D50=20μm)を用い、負極活物質と負極用結着剤の混合比を80:20の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で100/0(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=12.5/12.5/25/25/25/0)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を5wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質としてケイ素(平均粒径D50=20μm)を用い、負極活物質と負極用結着剤の混合比を80:20の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で80/20(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=10/10/20/20/20/20)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を0wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質として酸化ケイ素(平均粒径D50=20μm)を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質として酸化ケイ素(平均粒径D50=20μm)を用い、負極活物質と負極用結着剤の混合比を80:20の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で100/0(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=12.5/12.5/25/25/25/0)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を5wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
負極活物質として酸化ケイ素(平均粒径D50=20μm)を用い、負極活物質と負極用結着剤の混合比を80:20の質量比とし、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で80/20(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=10/10/20/20/20/20)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を0wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
一般式SiOで表される酸化ケイ素粉末(酸化ケイ素とケイ素との混合物)を、メタンガスを含む雰囲気下1150℃で6時間CVD処理を行うことで、酸化ケイ素中のケイ素がナノクラスター化したケイ素-酸化ケイ素複合体(負極活物質)を得た。ケイ素/酸化ケイ素/カーボンの質量比は、およそ32/68/0となるように調整した。この負極活物質を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で100/0(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=12.5/12.5/25/25/25/0)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を5wt%としたこと以外は、比較例7と同様に実施した。
EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で80/20(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=10/10/20/20/20/20)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を0wt%としたこと以外は、比較例7と同様に実施した。
負極活物質としてケイ素(平均粒径D50=20μm)と黒鉛(平均粒径D50=20μm)とを90/10の質量比で混合した複合体を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で100/0(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=12.5/12.5/25/25/25/0)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を5wt%としたこと以外は、比較例10と同様に実施した。
EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で80/20(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=10/10/20/20/20/20)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を0wt%としたこと以外は、比較例10と同様に実施した。
負極活物質として酸化ケイ素(平均粒径D50=20μm)と黒鉛(平均粒径D50=20μm)とを90/10の質量比で混合した複合体を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で100/0(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=12.5/12.5/25/25/25/0)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を5wt%としたこと以外は、比較例13と同様に実施した。
EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DECを1/1/2/2/2(体積比)で混合した非水系溶媒と、鎖状フッ素化エーテル(HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H)との混合比を体積比で80/20(すなわち、EC/PC/DMC/EMC/DEC/HF2C-CF2-CH2-O-CF2-CF2H=10/10/20/20/20/20)とし、環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を0wt%としたこと以外は、比較例13と同様に実施した。
環状フッ素化カーボネート(4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン)の混合比を0wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同様に実施した。
作製した非水電解液二次電池に対し、60℃または20℃に保った恒温槽中で、2.5Vから4.1Vの電圧範囲で充放電を繰り返すサイクル試験を行い、容量維持率および体積変化を評価した。その試験結果を表1に示す。なお、表1中の「維持率」は、(150または50サイクル目の放電容量)/(1サイクル目の放電容量)(単位:%)を表す。また、「膨れ」は、(150または50サイクル後のアルキメデス法による当該電池の体積)/(1サイクル前のアルキメデス法による当該電池の体積)(単位:%)を表す。判定は、以下の基準で行った。
〔容量維持率〕
○:維持率が40%以上である。
×:維持率が40%未満である。
〔体積変化〕
○:膨れが30%未満である。
×:膨れが30%以上である。
b セパレータ
c 正極
d 負極集電体
e 正極集電体
f 正極端子
g 負極端子
Claims (11)
- 正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子と、非水電解液と、前記電極素子および前記非水電解液を内包する外装体とを有する非水電解液二次電池であって、
前記負極は、
(a)リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る炭素材料と、(b)リチウムとの間に合金を形成可能な金属と、(c)リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物と、を含む負極活物質と、
負極用結着剤と、
負極集電体と、
を有し、前記負極活物質は負極用結着剤によって前記負極集電体に結着され、
前記非水電解液が、非水系溶媒と環状フッ素化カーボネートと鎖状フッ素化エーテルとを含有する、
ことを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池。 - 前記負極用結着剤が、ポリイミドまたはポリアミドイミドであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記負極における前記負極用結着剤の含有量が、前記負極100質量部に対して5~25質量部であり、
前記非水電解液における前記鎖状フッ素化エーテルの含有量が、前記非水系溶媒と前記鎖状フッ素化エーテルの合計100容量部に対して10~50容量部であり、
前記非水電解液における前記環状フッ素化カーボネートの含有量が、前記非水系溶媒と前記鎖状フッ素化エーテルの合計100質量部に対して1~10質量部であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の非水電解液二次電池。 - 前記鎖状フッ素化エーテルが、下記式(2):
H-(CF2-CF2)n-CH2O-CF2-CF2-H (2)
[式(2)中、nは1または2である。]
で表されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の非水電解液二次電池。 - 前記環状フッ素化カーボネートが、フルオロエチレンカーボネートであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記(c)金属酸化物の全部または一部が、アモルファス構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記(c)金属酸化物が、前記(b)金属を構成する金属の酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記(b)金属の全部または一部が、前記(c)金属酸化物中に分散していることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記(b)金属が、シリコンであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記電極素子が、平面的な積層構造を有していることを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記外装体が、アルミニウムラミネートフィルムであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の非水電解液二次電池。
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EP11759195.8A EP2555310B1 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-03-09 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
JP2012506920A JP5419188B2 (ja) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-03-09 | 非水電解液二次電池 |
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CN102812589B (zh) | 2016-01-13 |
JP5419188B2 (ja) | 2014-02-19 |
EP2555310B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
EP2555310A4 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
EP2555310A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
US20120321940A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
CN102812589A (zh) | 2012-12-05 |
JPWO2011118387A1 (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
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