Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
  • C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
  • C01B25/26—Phosphates
  • C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
  • H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
  • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
  • H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/362—Composites
  • H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/362—Composites
  • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
  • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
  • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
  • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
  • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
  • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
  • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
  • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a novel substituted lithium manganese metal phosphate, a process for the same
• Lithium iron phosphate is of great interest for use as a cathode material in rechargeable
• Lithium iron phosphate offers over conventional spinel or layer oxide based lithium compounds such as lithium manganese oxide,
• the pure lithium iron phosphate material was prepared by the so-called "carbon coating" (Ravet et al., Meeting of
• Lithium iron phosphate particles disclosed.
• lithium iron phosphate is in particular its redox couple Fe 3+ / Fe 2+ , compared to Li / Li + a significant
• the redox couple Co 3+ / Co 4+ in LiCo0 2 has (3.9 V versus Li / Li + ).
• lithium manganese phosphate LiMnPC ⁇ is of interest in view of its higher Mn 2+ / Mn 3+ redox couple (4.1 volts) against Li / Li + .
• LiMnPC ⁇ has also been described by Goodenough et al. , US 5,910,382.
• the production of electrochemically active and especially carbon coated LiMnPC ⁇ has proven to be very difficult.
• Lithium ion conductivity in Li x MP0 4 (M Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) olivines. Yamada et al. engage in Chem. Mater. 18, pp 804-813, 2004, the electrochemical, magnetic and structural characteristics of Li x (Mn y RDI y) PO 4, which are also disclosed in WO2009 / 009758 for example. Structural variations of Li x (Mn y Fei y ) PO 4 , ie, the lithiophilite triphylite series, have been reported by Losey et al. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 1105-1115 (2004).
• the object of the present invention was therefore to provide suitable lithium manganese phosphate derivatives which have a high energy density when used as
• M is a divalent metal, in particular from the group consisting of Sn, Pb, Zn, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co, Ti and Cd and where x ⁇ 1, y ⁇ 0, 3 and x + y ⁇ 1.
• the divalent metal M Zn, Mg, Ca or combinations thereof, in particular Zn and Ca Surprisingly, under the present
• Substitution elements allow the provision of materials with a particularly high energy density, if they as
• Electrode materials are used.
• the substituted lithium metal phosphate of the present invention LiFe x Mni- x _ y M y P04, the value of y ranges from more than 0.07 to 0.20, and in one embodiment 0.1.
• the value of x in the mixed lithium metal phosphate according to the invention of the general formula LiFe x Mn- x- y M y P04 is 0.15-0.4, particularly preferably 0.05-2, very particularly preferably 0.15 ⁇ 0.3, in particular 0.33. This value, especially in conjunction with the y value of 0.1 above, gives the most preferred compromise between energy density and current carrying capacity of the
• the substituted lithium manganese metal phosphate additionally comprises carbon.
• the carbon is particularly preferably uniformly distributed throughout the substituted lithium-manganese metal phosphate.
• the carbon forms a kind of matrix in which the
• matrix as used herein whether it is e.g. the
• LiFe x Mni- x y M y P0 4 serve according to the invention, ie that they are deposited on the carbon, or whether, as in a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the individual particles of lithium-manganese metal phosphate LiFe x Mni- x - Y M y P0 4 covered by carbon, that are coated or coated in other words. Both variants will be
• the presence of carbon or a carbon matrix can in advantageous developments of the present
• Lithium-manganese metal phosphate is in a development of the invention ⁇ 4 wt .-%, in other embodiments ⁇ 2.5 wt%, in still other embodiments ⁇ 2.2 wt .-% and in still other embodiments ⁇ 2.0 wt .-%.
• the substituted lithium-manganese metal phosphate according to the invention LiFe x Mni- x - y M y P0 4 is preferably contained in a cathode for a secondary lithium ion battery as an active material. It can, as I said, this cathode the
• Acetylene black, Ketj en-black, graphite, etc. contain (in other words, be free of conductive agent), both in the inventive carbonaceous LiFe x Mni- x _ y M y P0 4 as in the carbon-free LiFe x Mni_ x _ y M y P0 4 .
• cathode according to the invention another lithium-metal-oxygen compound.
• This addition increases the energy density by up to about 10 - 15%, depending on the nature of the other mixed lithium-metal compound compared with cathodes containing only LiFe x Mni_ x _ y M y P0 4 according to the invention as the sole active material.
• the additional lithium metal-oxygen compound is preferably selected from substituted or unsubstituted L1C0O 2, LiMn 2 0 4, Li (Ni, Mn, Co) 0 2, Li (Ni, Co, AI) 0 2 and LiNi0 2, such as
• LiMnFeP0 4 LiFeP0 4 , LiCoP0 4 , LiMnP0 4 and mixtures thereof.
• Preparation of a mixed lithium-manganese-metal phosphate comprising the following steps: a. preparing a mixture containing a starting Li compound, an Mn starting compound, an Fe starting compound, an M 2+ starting compound and a starting PO 4 ⁇ 3 solution to form a precipitate or suspension in aqueous solution, b. performing a dispersing or
• this treatment is carried out until the Dgo value of the particles in the mixture is less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably at a maximum of 25 ⁇ m; c. the production of LiFe x Mni_ x - y M y P0 4 wherein x and y have the meanings given above, from the
• temperatures of 100 ° C to 200 ° C preferably 100 ° C to 160 ° C and most preferably 100 ° C to 130 ° C and a pressure of 1 bar to 40 bar steam pressure understood.
• the synthesis takes place in aqueous solution / suspension.
• the pH of the reaction solution is about 6 at the end of the reaction, ie the reaction itself takes place in a non-basic medium.
• the inventive method enables in particular the production of pure-phase LiFe x Mni- x _ y M y P0 4, which is free of impurities to be determined by XRD.
• Another aspect of the present invention is also in the provision of LiFe x Mni- x _ y M y P0 4 , which is obtainable by the method according to the invention.
• Process begins the dispersing or milling treatment before or during suspension formation and is continued until completion of the suspension / precipitation.
• the dispersing or grinding treatment begins before the suspension / precipitation of the mixture to increase
• a carbonaceous material is added during step a) or c).
• This can be either pure carbon, such as graphite, acetylene black or Ketj en black, or a carbon-containing precursor compound, which then decomposes under thermal action to carbon, eg
• water-soluble polymer such as e.g. a polyacrylate, etc.
• the LiFe x Mni- x _ y M y P0 4 obtained after the hydrothermal treatment can also be mixed with a carbonaceous material as defined above or with a
• aqueous solution thereof are impregnated. This can be done either directly after the isolation (filtration) of LiFe x Mni_ x _ y M y P0 4 or after its drying or deagglomeration
• LiFe x Mni_ x _ y M y P0 4 preferably takes place under protective gas, in air or in vacuo at temperatures of 50 ° C to 200 ° C instead of, preferably below Protective gas and pyrolysis also preferred under inert gas, preferably nitrogen.
• the Li + source, the Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ source and the M 2+ source in the form of aqueous solutions are preferably used in the process according to the invention and the P0 4 3 ⁇ source in the form of a liquid, eg as H 3 PO 4 or an aqueous solution.
• a liquid eg as H 3 PO 4 or an aqueous solution.
• Li 2 O, LiCl, L 1NO 3 , LiOH or L 12CO 3 , preferably LiOH or L 12CO 3, are used as the lithium source.
• the Fe source is preferably a Fe 2+ salt, in particular FeSC 1, FeCl 2 , FeNO 3 , Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 or a Fe organyl salt.
• the Mn source is preferably a water-soluble one
• Manganese (II) salt such as manganese sulfate, manganese acetate, manganese oxalate, manganese chloride, manganese nitrate, manganese hydroxide, manganese carbonate, etc.
• phosphoric acid a metal phosphate, hydrogen phosphate or dihydrogen phosphate
• PO 4 a metal phosphate, hydrogen phosphate or dihydrogen phosphate
• Nitrates acetates, carboxylates.
• FIG. 1 shows discharge curves at IC for a lithium-manganese
• Figure 2 shows discharge curves at IC for the invention
• Figure 3 shows discharge curves at IC for the invention
• FIG. 4 shows the charge curves of lithium manganese iron phosphate
• FIG. 5 shows the charge curves of the invention
• Figure 6 shows the discharge curves at different rates for a
• Electrode containing LiMno, 66Feo, 33P0 4 of the prior art Comparison of the materials of the invention with LiFeP0 4 in full cells against a lithium titanate anode, at C / 10 ( Figure 8a) and at 20C ( Figure 8a) Figure 9, the comparison of the specific discharge capacity at C / 10 between a lithium Manganese iron phosphate (LiMn 0 , 66 Feo, 33 P0 4 ) of the prior art with
• FIG. 10 voltage profiles for IC after aging of
• lithium manganese iron phosphate LiMn 0 , 66 Feo, 33 P0 4
• Fig. 13 shows the discharge curve at C / 10 for inventive
• Fig. 14 shows the discharge curve at C / 10 for inventive
• active beam length 2.4 mm; Measuring range: 300 RF; 0.05 to 900 ym.
• the sample preparation and measurement was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions.
• the Dgo value indicates the value at which 90% of the particles in the measured sample are smaller or equal
• the D 5 o value or the Dio value indicate the value at which 50% and 10% of the
• Particles in the measured sample have a smaller or the same particle diameter.
• Embodiment apply to the values given in the present description for the Dio values, D 5 o values, the Dgo values and the difference of Dgo ⁇ and Dio values based on the volume fraction of the respective particles in the total volume.
• the here mentioned Dio, D 5 o and Dgo values according to this embodiment of the invention indicate those values in which 10% by volume or 50% by volume or 90% by volume of the particles in the measured sample is smaller or equal
• compositions e.g., electrode materials
• bivalent metal cations of the present invention e.g., electrode materials
• compositions the above light scattering method can lead to misleading results, since the LiFe x Mni- x _ y M y P0 4 - particles (particles) by the additional (for example, carbon-containing) material may be joined to form larger agglomerates.
• the particle size distribution of the material according to the invention in such compositions can, however, be determined on the basis of SEM images as follows:
• a small amount of the powder sample is suspended in acetone and dispersed by sonication for 10 minutes. Immediately thereafter, a few drops of the suspension are dropped onto a sample plate of a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
• SEM scanning electron microscope
• Field emission electrode at 1.5 kV excitation voltage and a sample distance of 4 mm is operated. From the sample, at least 20 randomized cropping magnifications are recorded at a magnification factor of 20,000. These are each printed on a DIN A4 sheet together with the one shown
• Powder particles constructed together with the carbonaceous material are randomly selected, the boundaries of the particles of the material of the invention being defined by the absence of solid, direct bonding bridges.
• the cumulative particle size distribution is obtained, from which Dio, D 5 o and Dgo can be read directly on the size axis.
• the method described is also applicable to the battery electrodes according to the invention. In this case, however, instead of a powder sample, a fresh cut or fractured surface of the electrode is mounted on the sample carrier and examined in SEM.
• Example 1 Preparation of LiMno, 56 Feo, 33 Zno, ioP0 by the process according to the invention
• the material is precipitated from an aqueous Fe 2+ precursor solution.
• the reaction and drying / sintering is therefore preferably carried out under protective gas or vacuum in order to avoid a partial oxidation of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ to form by-products such as Fe 2 O 3 or FeP0 4 .
• the pumping direction of the disperser was bottom outlet valve - disperser - vent valve.
• the dispersant was started at medium power level (13,500 rpm) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
• the prepared acidic solution was pumped with a diaphragm pump via the dip tube into the autoclave (stroke 100%, 180 strokes / minute, corresponds to the highest performance of
• the dispersant which was started before the beginning of the acidic solution addition, was added for a total of about 1 hour
• Hydrothermal treatment (see below) to very uniformly grown crystals of the final product with a very narrow particle size distribution.
• the power or energy input over the dispersing treatment was more than 7 kW / m 3 or more than 7 kWh / m 3 of the treated precursor mixture / suspension.
• the freshly prepared suspension was in
• Laboratory autoclave treated hydrothermally Prior to heating the suspension, the autoclave was purged with nitrogen to displace existing air from the autoclave prior to the hydrothermal process.
• the product of the invention was formed from Hydrothermaltemperaturen of about 100 to 120 ° C.
• the hydrothermal treatment was carried out at 130 ° C for 2 hours. After switching off and disconnecting the dispersing was the
• LiMno invention 56 Feo, 33 Zno, ioP0 without visible oxidation in air or in a drying oven for
• Example at mild temperatures (40 ° C) are dried.
• the material thus obtained was in a nitrogen atmosphere through the bottom outlet valve of the autoclave in a
• product according to the invention between 0.2 to 4 wt .-%.
• 1 kg of dry product from Examples 1 and 2 was intimately mixed with 112 g of lactose monohydrate and 330 g of deionized water and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 105 ° C. and ⁇ 100 mbar to a residual moisture content of 3%.
• the brittle-dry product was crushed by hand and coarsely ground in a disk mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 13) with a 1 mm disk distance and in
• Stainless steel crucibles transferred to a protective gas chamber furnace (Linn KS 80-S). This was heated at a Stickstoffström of 200 1 / h within 3 hours at 750 ° C, maintained at this temperature for 3 hours and in 3 hours
• the final product contained about 2.3 wt .-% carbon.
• the electrode compositions usually consisted of 90 parts by weight of active material, 5 parts by weight of Super P Carbon and 5% polyvinylidene fluoride as binder or 80 parts by weight active material, 15% by weight Super P carbon and 5 parts by weight polyvinylidene fluoride, or 95%
• the active material was mixed together with the binder (or for the electrodes of the state with the Leitschzusatz) in N-methylpyrrolidone, applied to a pretreated (primer) aluminum foil by means of a doctor blade and the N-methylpyrrolidone at 105 ° C evaporated under vacuum.
• the primer on the aluminum foil consisted of a thin carbon coating which improved the adhesion of the active material, especially when the
• Active material content in the electrode over 85 wt .-% is.
• the electrodes were then dried overnight at 120 ° C under vacuum and installed in an argon-filled glove box in half-cells against lithium metal and measured electrochemically.
• the test procedure was performed in CCCV mode, that is, cycles at a constant current at the C / 10 rate for the first and C rates for the subsequent cycles.
• the voltage limits (1.0 and 2.0 volts versus Li / Li + ) followed in In some cases, a constant voltage portion until the current drops approximately to the C / 50 rate to complete the charge / discharge cycle.
• Corresponding determinations of specific capacity and current carrying capacity were made on both prior art LiMno, 66 Fe, 33 PO 4, and magnesium and zinc substituted materials of this invention.
• LiFePC available from Süd-Chemie
• Figure 1 shows the discharge curves at IC for a
• LiMn 0 , 66 Fe o, 33 PO 4 of the prior art LiMn 0 , 66 Fe o, 33 PO 4 of the prior art.
• Figure 4 shows charge curves of a LiMno, 66 Fe o, 33 PO 4 prior art material with an electrode density of 1.2 g / cm 3 and a thickness of 20 ym. In comparison, the
• FIG. 6 various rates of the material according to the invention (FIG. 6) as well as of a lithium manganese iron phosphate of the prior art (FIG. 7).
• the electrode density was at material according to the invention 1.2 g / cm 3 and at
• Comparative material 1.3 g / cm 3 at a thickness of about 20 ym.
• lithium manganese iron phosphate divalent materials substituted lithium manganese iron phosphate.
• the polarization at elevated current rates for the prior art lithium manganese iron phosphate is significantly greater than for a substituted lithium manganese iron phosphate of the invention.
• FIG. 8a-b shows the discharge curves in FIG
• LiMnO invention 56Feo, 33Zno, 1 0PO 4 material.
• Electrode composition was 90% by weight of active material, 5% of Super P graphite and 5% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride. The cell was balanced so that the mass of the cathode and the mass of the anode were as similar as possible.
• the LiMno, 56 Feo, 33Zno, 1 PO 4 material according to the invention has a long 4 volt plateau to 80 mAh / g and
• Lithium iron phosphate means.
• FIG. 9 shows the C / 10 or discharge capacity
• Figures IIa to C show the variation of the electrode density on the discharge capacities at different rates.
• the density of the material is 1.6 g / cm 3
• Figure IIb 1.7 g / cm 3
• Figure 11c 2.0 g / cm 3 .
• FIGS. 12a to c show the influence of the electrode thickness on the discharge capacities.
• the thickness of the electrodes in FIG. 12a was 25 ym, in FIG. 12b 33 ym and in FIG. 12c 51 ym. It also shows here that the plateau at 4 volts and the discharge capacity can be maintained at least to 5C, and at the same time the loading can be increased with active material. Even higher energy densities can be achieved by replacing the manganese content in these inventive substituted
• FIGS. 13 and 14 show the discharge capacity at D / 10 of the LiMn 0 according to the invention, so Fe 0 , 10 Z 0 , 10 PO 4 and
• LiMno, ss Fe o, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , 05 PO 4 materials prepared according to Example 2 and 4. It is found that the manganese-4V plateau is even longer than that according to the invention LiMn 0, 56Feo, 33Zn 0, 1 0PO. 4
• divalent metal ions substituted mixed lithium manganese iron phosphate materials available which can be prepared by a hydrothermal process.

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