WO2011087062A1 - 含窒素組成物およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
含窒素組成物およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011087062A1 WO2011087062A1 PCT/JP2011/050453 JP2011050453W WO2011087062A1 WO 2011087062 A1 WO2011087062 A1 WO 2011087062A1 JP 2011050453 W JP2011050453 W JP 2011050453W WO 2011087062 A1 WO2011087062 A1 WO 2011087062A1
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- nitrogen
- mother liquor
- containing composition
- ammonium salt
- phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0426—Counter-current multistage extraction towers in a vertical or sloping position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0488—Flow sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0018—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated
- B01D9/0022—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated by reducing pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0018—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated
- B01D9/0027—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated by means of conveying fluid, e.g. spray-crystallisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0018—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated
- B01D9/0031—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated by heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0059—General arrangements of crystallisation plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/24—Sulfates of ammonium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
- C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering an aliphatic carboxylic acid by adding sulfuric acid to an aqueous solution containing an ammonium ammonium carboxylate obtained by microbial conversion from glucose, glucose, cellulose, etc., which are biological materials, and by-produced ammonium salt of sulfuric acid and
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering a nitrogen-containing composition containing a fermentation byproduct.
- Aliphatic carboxylic acids such as succinic acid and adipic acid are widely used as synthetic raw materials for foods, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals. These aliphatic carboxylic acids have conventionally been industrially produced from petroleum-derived raw materials. However, in recent years, various aliphatic carboxylic acids can be produced from a wide range of biological raw materials with a high carbon yield by fermentation using microorganisms. For example, succinic acid and adipic acid can be produced by fermentation.
- the raw materials are generally sugars, such as glucose, glucose and cellulose.
- the raw material saccharide may not be completely assimilated by the microorganism, and the saccharide may be mixed into the aliphatic carboxylic acid.
- ammonia is used as a neutralizing agent in fermentation using microorganisms. In this case, amino acids are also by-produced.
- the aliphatic carboxylic acid in the fermentation broth exists as an ammonium salt, but in order to recover the aliphatic carboxylic acid, it is necessary to exchange the salt with an acid.
- sulfuric acid is used as the acid, an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is by-produced together with the aliphatic carboxylic acid.
- a crystallization method As a method for recovering the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid from an aqueous solution containing the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid, a crystallization method is generally used, and usually involves a recycling of the crystallization mother liquor in order to obtain a sufficient recovery rate of the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid. There are many cases.
- the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is recovered by crystallization from an aqueous solution containing the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid containing fermentation by-products and the mother liquor is recycled, the fermentation by-products accumulate in the recycling system and increase the liquid viscosity. Adversely affects the subsequent solid-liquid separation.
- the aqueous solution is directly dried.
- the dryer is limited, but also the capacity is limited. there were.
- the present invention relates to ammonium sulfate produced as a by-product in a method of recovering aliphatic carboxylic acid by adding sulfuric acid to an aqueous solution containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid ammonium salt obtained by microbial conversion from glucose, glucose, cellulose, etc., which are biological materials. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for stably and efficiently recovering a nitrogen-containing composition containing a salt and a fermentation byproduct.
- the gist of the present invention is the following [1] to [12].
- [1] At least one selected from an aliphatic carboxylic acid, an aliphatic carboxylate, and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is recovered from an aqueous solution containing an ammonium salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid obtained from a biological material.
- a method for producing a composition comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) Crystallization step for concentrating and crystallizing ammonium salt of sulfuric acid from aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid ammonium salt (2) Solid-liquid separation step for solid-liquid separation of ammonium salt of sulfuric acid obtained in crystallization step (3) Solid The crystallization mother liquor obtained in the liquid separation step is recycled to at least one step selected from the crystallization step and the step before the crystallization step, and the amount of the mother liquor to be recycled is not the total amount of the mother liquor.
- Crystallization mother liquor recycling step [2] The method comprises a crystallization mother liquor drying step in which the crystallization mother liquor obtained in the solid-liquid separation step is evaporated to dryness in a dryer and the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is recovered. ] The manufacturing method of the nitrogen-containing composition of description. [3] A contact process in which sulfuric acid is added to an aqueous solution containing an ammonium salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid obtained from a biological raw material, and then the aqueous solution and a phase-separable solvent are mixed and contacted; The method for producing a nitrogen-containing composition according to [1] or [2], comprising a phase separation step for phase separation.
- the method for producing a nitrogen-containing composition according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the content is 15% by weight or less.
- the total amount of organic acids contained in the mother liquor recycled in the crystallization mother liquor recycling step is 0.1 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less with respect to the crystallization mother liquor obtained in the solid-liquid separation step. It exists, The manufacturing method of the nitrogen-containing composition as described in [10] characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the amount of the mother liquor recycled in the crystallization mother liquor recycling step is 10% by weight or more and less than 80% by weight with respect to the crystallization mother liquor obtained in the solid-liquid separation step.
- a nitrogen-containing product containing an ammonium salt of by-product sulfuric acid and a fermentation byproduct in a method for recovering a fatty acid carboxylic acid from an aqueous solution containing an ammonium salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid obtained from a biological material, a nitrogen-containing product containing an ammonium salt of by-product sulfuric acid and a fermentation byproduct.
- An aliphatic carboxylic acid can be produced efficiently and stably from the composition.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing an embodiment of a method for producing a nitrogen-containing composition.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the procedure for constructing plasmid pMJPC17.2, and the underlined numbers indicate the primers consisting of the sequence number.
- the method for producing a nitrogen-containing composition of the present invention is selected from an aqueous solution containing an ammonium salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid obtained from a biological material, from an aliphatic carboxylic acid, an aliphatic carboxylate, and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid.
- a method for recovering at least one and producing a nitrogen-containing composition comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- Crystallization step for concentrating and crystallizing ammonium salt of sulfuric acid from aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid ammonium salt (2) Solid-liquid separation step for solid-liquid separation of ammonium salt of sulfuric acid obtained in crystallization step (3) Solid A crystallization mother liquor recycling step, wherein the crystallization mother liquor obtained in the liquid separation step is recycled to at least one step selected from a crystallization step and a step prior to the crystallization step.
- ⁇ Crystal crystallization process> the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is concentrated and crystallized from an aqueous solution containing the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid.
- concentrated crystallization water is evaporated from an aqueous solution containing an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid, and the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is precipitated by concentrating the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid to a saturation solubility or higher.
- Crystallization may be carried out at normal pressure or under reduced pressure, but if it is carried out at reduced pressure, the aqueous solution containing the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is cooled by the heat of vaporization of water, and the temperature dependence of the saturation solubility of the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid Precipitation due to property can be expected, which is preferable from the viewpoint of yield.
- the crystallization pressure is preferably 1 to 50 kPa, more preferably 2 to 20 kPa.
- the crystallization temperature is determined by the operating pressure, preferably 5 to 80 ° C, more preferably 10 to 60 ° C.
- the equipment for decompression can be reduced, and the condensed water can be easily collected and recovered.
- the crystallization pressure to 50 kPa or less, it is possible to prevent the crystallization temperature from becoming high and to improve the yield of ammonium sulfate.
- the decompression generator is not particularly limited, but water or a steam ejector is preferable from the viewpoint of maintenance and management.
- a barometric condenser is widely used for condensing evaporating water.
- the crystallization operation may be a batch operation or a continuous operation.
- the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid can be efficiently crystallized, and the energy required for crystallization can be reduced, and the crystal size can be varied.
- the continuous operation is preferable because it can be reduced.
- the crystallization apparatus does not need to be a special crystallization tank, and a known stirring tank can be used.
- the ammonium salt slurry of sulfuric acid obtained by crystallization separates the ammonium salt crystals of sulfuric acid and the mother liquor by solid-liquid separation operation.
- the separation method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include filtration separation and sedimentation separation.
- the operation may be batch or continuous.
- Examples of efficient solid-liquid separators include a continuous centrifugal filter and a centrifugal sedimentator such as a decanter. Further, the wet cake recovered by the solid-liquid separation operation can be rinsed with cold water or the like depending on the required purity of the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid.
- the recovered ammonium salt crystals of sulfuric acid are usually dried.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a band dryer, a rotary dryer, and a fluidized bed dryer. Further, in consideration of mixing with an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid obtained in the crystallization mother liquor drying step, which will be described later, in a dryer, a rotary dryer, a fluidized bed dryer, and the like are preferable.
- ⁇ Crystallization mother liquor recycling process> At least a part of the crystallization mother liquor obtained in the solid-liquid separation step can be recycled to at least one step selected from the crystallization step and the step before the crystallization step. However, in the production method of the present invention, the amount recycled is not the total amount of the crystallization mother liquor.
- the recycling amount of the crystallization mother liquor is not generally determined because it depends on the composition and properties of the crystallization mother liquor, but is preferably 10% by weight or more of the crystallization mother liquor, more preferably 20% by weight or more, It is more preferably 30% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 40% by weight or more. Further, it is preferably less than 99% by weight, more preferably less than 90% by weight, still more preferably less than 80% by weight, and particularly preferably less than 75% by weight.
- the crystallization mother liquor contains not only ammonium sulfate but also various coexisting substances derived from fermentation, for example, organic acids such as malic acid, amino acids such as alanine and valine, proteins and saccharides.
- organic acids such as malic acid
- amino acids such as alanine and valine
- proteins and saccharides When the entire amount of the crystallization mother liquor is recycled, these coexisting substances accumulate in the recycling system, and the viscosity of the liquid in the recycling system increases, which hinders the crystallization process and the solid-liquid separation process.
- the total amount of organic acid, saccharide, amino acid and protein contained in the mother liquor recycled in the crystallization mother liquor recycling step is 0. 0% throughout the entire recycling step with respect to the crystallization mother liquor obtained in the solid-liquid separation step. It is preferably 1% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less, and more preferably 10% by weight or less.
- the total amount of organic acids contained in the mother liquor recycled in the crystallization mother liquor recycling step is 0.1 wt% or more and 10 wt% throughout the entire recycle step with respect to the crystallization mother liquor obtained in the solid-liquid separation step. Or less, more preferably 8% by weight or less.
- the viscosity of the crystallization mother liquor is preferably controlled to be 0.5 to 100 cP at the crystallization temperature by controlling the recycle amount, more preferably 1 to 50 cP, and more preferably 1 to 20 cP. More preferably.
- the viscosity of the crystallization mother liquor 100 cP or less it is possible to prevent adverse effects on the solid-liquid separation process.
- a continuous centrifugal sedimentator such as a decanter
- the viscosity of the crystallization mother liquor is prevented from becoming too high, the decrease in crystal sedimentation rate is suppressed, and solid-liquid separation cannot be prevented.
- the separated mother liquor drying process contains various impurities derived from fermentation in addition to ammonium sulfate, such as organic acids, amino acids, proteins and sugars, and is effective as liquid fertilizer or its raw material, but is directly dried and recovered as a powder. You can also.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, but as a method for recovering the powder from the liquid material, for example, a dryer such as a spray dryer or a disk dryer is preferable. Moreover, the composition containing the recovered ammonium salt of sulfuric acid can be mixed with the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid obtained in the crystallization step.
- ⁇ Contact process and phase separation process> In the method for producing an aliphatic carboxylic acid according to the present invention, an aqueous solution containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is contacted with a solvent capable of phase separation with the aqueous solution, and the liquid is phase-separated after the contacting step. A phase separation step.
- a solvent phase hereinafter sometimes referred to as an extraction phase
- a phase containing a solid content generated at a phase interface hereinafter sometimes referred to as an intermediate phase
- an aqueous phase hereinafter referred to as an extraction residue
- the contact step is carried out by batch operation, for example, after adding a solvent capable of phase separation with the aqueous solution to an aqueous solution containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid, bringing them into contact and mixing well,
- the extraction phase, the intermediate phase, and the extracted residual phase can be separated and recovered by a method of taking out from the vicinity of each phase through a discharge port, a method of taking out from the bottom of the container that has been contacted, and the like.
- the intermediate phase containing a large amount of solids can be taken out together with the extraction phase, or can be taken out together with the extracted residual phase.
- a mixer unit having a mixer for contacting and mixing an aqueous solution containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid and a solvent capable of phase separation with the aqueous solution;
- a contact device (hereinafter referred to as a mixer) comprising a settler portion having a settler applied to a step (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a phase separation step) in which a mixed liquid obtained by mixing is phase-separated by standing.
- a phase separation step in which a mixed liquid obtained by mixing is phase-separated by standing.
- the contact device may be any device that can contact an aqueous solution containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid with a solvent, recover the solvent phase and aqueous solution phase, and remove solids.
- the mixer-settler type extraction device described above is preferable because it is simple and easy to operate.
- the mixer may be of any type as long as an aqueous solution containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid and a solvent that can be phase-separated with the aqueous solution are sufficiently mixed.
- examples thereof include a container having a stirrer and a static mixer. .
- the mixer is preferably a static mixer from the viewpoint of wide operating tolerance and equipment cost.
- the settler can be any system as long as it can phase-separate an aqueous solution containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid and a solvent that can be phase-separated with the aqueous solution. Also good. For example, one that collects the extraction phase, intermediate phase, and extracted residual phase in a single tank, one that collects the extracted phase, intermediate phase, and extracted residual phase in a multi-tank system, and each phase recovered by centrifugation using a rotating device And what to do.
- the intermediate phase containing a large amount of solid usually contains at least one liquid selected from the liquid of the extraction phase and the liquid of the extraction residual phase
- the intermediate phase is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the liquid of the extraction phase and the liquid of the extraction residual phase are separated. At least one liquid selected from the liquids can be separated and recovered.
- the recovered liquid can be reused for the process after the phase separation process or can be reused for the process before the contact process. Recycling is preferable because the production efficiency of the aliphatic carboxylic acid and / or ammonium salt of sulfuric acid can be increased.
- the solid-liquid separation method is not particularly limited, and methods such as sedimentation separation and filtration separation can be used.
- sedimentation separation the solid content may be separated by sedimentation in a gravitational field, or the solid content may be separated by sedimentation in a centrifugal field. Centrifugal sedimentation is desirable to increase the sedimentation rate.
- the operation method of solid-liquid separation may be batch operation or continuous operation.
- Examples of the continuous centrifugal sedimentator include a screw decanter and a separation plate centrifugal sedimentator.
- filtration separation the method is classified according to filter medium, filtration pressure, continuous operation / batch operation, etc., but any method is not particularly limited as long as the solid content can be separated from the extraction phase and / or the extraction residual phase.
- the aperture of the filter medium is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. If it is 0.1 ⁇ m or less, the permeation flux becomes too small, and it may take too much time for filtration. On the other hand, if it is 10 ⁇ m or more, the solid content may be insufficiently separated.
- the material of the filter medium needs to be insoluble in a solvent, and it is preferable to use a material made of a fluororesin such as tetrafluoroethylene.
- a vacuum type, a pressure type, and a centrifugal type can be used.
- the method may be either a continuous type or a batch type.
- the solvent used in the contacting step is not particularly limited as long as it is phase-separated from an aqueous solution containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid, but the ratio of inorganic value / organic value (hereinafter referred to as I / O).
- O value may be abbreviated to 0.2 or more and 2.3 or less, and I / O value is more preferably 0.3 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the boiling point of the solvent at normal pressure (1 atm) is preferably 40 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 60 ° C. or higher. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 120 degrees C or less, It is more preferable that it is 100 degrees C or less, It is especially preferable that it is 90 degrees C or less.
- Inorganic values and organic values have been proposed by an organic conceptual diagram [“systematic organic qualitative analysis” by Satoshi Fujita, Kazama Shobo (1974)], and have been set in advance for functional groups constituting organic compounds.
- the organic value and the inorganic value are calculated based on the numerical values, and the ratio is obtained.
- Examples of the solvent having an I / O value of 0.2 or more and 2.3 or less and a boiling point of 40 ° C. or more at normal pressure include ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and acetone, and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.
- Examples thereof include system solvents, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile, and alcohols having 3 or more carbon chains such as propanol, butanol and octanol.
- aliphatic carboxylic acid is selectively extracted into a solvent, and saccharides, amino acids and inorganic salts are mainly distributed to the aqueous solution phase, whereby both can be efficiently separated. Almost all the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is recovered in the aqueous phase.
- the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid can be recovered as an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid containing an organic component by a treatment such as concentration, crystallization, and drying together with the amino acid and saccharide recovered in the aqueous solution phase.
- the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is useful as a fertilizer because it contains an organic substance in an appropriate amount.
- the operation of bringing the aqueous solution containing the aliphatic carboxylic acid and the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid into contact with the solvent that can be phase-separated with the aqueous solution may be performed in one stage or in multiple stages, but is performed in multiple stages. It is preferable. Further, the solvent may be flowed in parallel or countercurrent with respect to the aqueous solution containing the aliphatic carboxylic acid and the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid.
- the contact process may be performed continuously or batchwise.
- a particularly preferred form is shown in FIG.
- an aqueous solution containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of sulfuric acid and a solvent are mixed with a mixer settler and then separated into liquids, and an extraction phase, an intermediate phase, and a residual extraction phase are separated and recovered,
- a mode in which the phases are separated into solid and liquid, and the separated and recovered liquid is phase-separated as necessary, and then returned to the steps after the phase separation step is preferable.
- the aliphatic carboxylic acid is extracted into the solvent by a contact step in which the solvent as described above is brought into contact with an aqueous solution containing the aliphatic carboxylic acid and the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid.
- the solvent is preferably added in a volume of 0.5 to 5 with respect to volume 1 at the temperature at the time of contact with the aqueous solution containing the aliphatic carboxylic acid, and is added in a volume of 1 to 3 with respect to volume 1. More preferred.
- the temperature at which the solvent is brought into contact with the aqueous solution containing the aliphatic carboxylic acid and the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid is not particularly limited as long as the aliphatic carboxylic acid is extracted, but is preferably 30 to 60 ° C.
- the contact temperature is set to 30 ° C. or higher, the increase in the viscosity of the solvent is suppressed, the time required for sedimentation of the generated solid content is shortened, the solid content is prevented from floating in the solvent phase, and the solvent phase is solid. It is possible to prevent the minute mixture.
- the contact temperature is 60 ° C. or lower, the migration rate of the aliphatic carboxylic acid to the solvent phase is increased, the extraction rate is high, and the efficiency is good.
- the time for contacting is not particularly limited as long as the aliphatic carboxylic acid is sufficiently extracted, and it is usually preferably about 1 second to 5 hours depending on the contact apparatus and the contact conditions. By setting the contact time to 1 second or longer, extraction of the aliphatic carboxylic acid into the solvent phase is sufficient. In addition, by reducing the contact time to 5 hours or less, the contact device is prevented from becoming unnecessarily large and efficient, while suppressing the denaturation of proteins coexisting with aliphatic carboxylic acids due to the solvent and reducing the solid content. can do.
- the pressure at the time of contact is not particularly limited as long as the aliphatic carboxylic acid is sufficiently extracted, but it is usually preferable to operate at atmospheric pressure when continuously performed.
- phase separation operation The phase separation operation in the phase separation step can be performed by standing in a tank for a certain period of time or can be performed by a centrifugal separator.
- the mixer-settler type extractor as described above has a settler part that causes phase separation by allowing a mixed solution obtained by contact mixing to stand. In the settler part, the liquid can be phase-separated by standing for a certain time.
- the phase separation step may be performed continuously or batchwise.
- the temperature at the time of phase separation is not particularly limited as long as each phase can be separated, but it is preferably 30 to 60 ° C. and is preferably treated at the same temperature as the contact operation.
- the phase separation temperature is set to 30 ° C. or higher, it is possible to prevent the liquid viscosity from becoming high and to easily separate the solid content, to prevent the solid content from being mixed into the solvent phase, and to reduce the amount of the solvent mixed into the solid content. be able to.
- the phase separation temperature to 60 ° C. or lower, it is possible to prevent the aliphatic carboxylic acid from being back-extracted into the aqueous solution during the phase separation process.
- the time for phase separation is not particularly limited as long as each phase is phase-separated. Usually, about 1 minute to 5 hours is preferable although it depends on the contact apparatus, contact conditions, and phase separation method.
- phase separation time By setting the phase separation time to 1 minute or longer, phase separation is sufficient, and mixing of the aqueous solution or solid content into the solvent phase is prevented, and mixing of the solvent or solid content into the aqueous solution phase is prevented.
- the separation time is prevented from becoming unnecessarily large and efficient.
- the pressure at the time of phase separation is not particularly limited as long as the aliphatic carboxylic acid is sufficiently extracted, but in the case of continuous operation, it is usually preferable to operate at atmospheric pressure.
- the recovered extracted residual phase contains several percent of solvent, it must be removed. That is, the solvent is removed from the extracted residual phase obtained in the extraction step by distillation.
- the distillation method and operating conditions are not particularly limited, but the solvent in the final liquid after distillation is preferably 1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.1% by weight or less. More preferably, the content is 0.01% by weight or less.
- the solvent may be distilled off by simple distillation depending on the solvent to be used, or may be distilled off while carrying out a return distillation in a distillation column.
- the operation may be performed at normal pressure or at reduced pressure. Further, the operation may be continuous or batch.
- the recovered solvent can be reused as the extraction solvent.
- the concentration of the ammonium salt of sulfuric acid in the aqueous solution after the organic solvent removal step is generally low, so it is desirable to concentrate it to near the saturation solubility of the crystallization step. Concentration may be performed together with the removal of the organic solvent or after the removal of the organic solvent. However, if the concentration is carried out together with the removal of the organic solvent, the distillation apparatus becomes large. Therefore, a method of concentrating the organic solvent after distilling off with a distillation column is preferable.
- Concentration method and apparatus are not particularly limited.
- the operating conditions may be normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the operation may be continuous or batch.
- the apparatus include a heating can type and a thin film evaporation type.
- multiple effect cans and heat pumps can be used.
- Neutralization may be performed in any step, but in the step of handling the acidic extracted residual phase at a high temperature, there is a concern about the corrosion of the apparatus, and therefore it is preferable to neutralize in a quick step as much as possible.
- the neutralization treatment is performed before the solvent removal step, the recovered solvent is colored, so that the neutralization is more preferably performed after the solvent removal.
- the reason why the recovered solvent is colored when the solvent is removed after neutralization is unknown.
- Aliphatic carboxylic acids are present in the fermentation broth in the form of ammonium salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids.
- the nitrogen-containing composition produced in the present invention contains not only ammonium sulfate but also various compounds inevitably coexisting from fermentation, such as organic acids, amino acids, proteins and saccharides, such as fertilizers. Useful as a raw material. In addition, it is also effective to mix these ammonium sulfates with a dried microorganism product used in fermentation.
- aliphatic carboxylic acid of the present invention examples include oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, oxaloacetic acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, and cis-aconitic acid.
- adipic acid and succinic acid are preferred.
- these aliphatic carboxylic acids are derived from biological materials.
- biological raw materials include wood, rice straw, rice husk, rice bran, old rice, corn, sugar cane, cassava, sago palm, okara, corn cob, tapioca cass, bagasse, vegetable oil residue, persimmon, buckwheat, soybean, fat, waste paper, papermaking Residue, marine product residue, livestock excrement, sewage sludge, food waste and the like.
- plant resources such as wood, rice straw, rice husk, rice bran, old rice, corn, sugar cane, cassava, sago palm, okara, corn cob, tapioca cass, bagasse, vegetable oil residue, persimmon, buckwheat, soybean, oil, waste paper and paper residue Is preferred.
- These biological raw materials generally contain many alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as elemental nitrogen, Na, K, Mg, and Ca. *
- bio-derived materials are not particularly limited.
- carbon materials are obtained through known pretreatment and saccharification processes such as chemical treatment with acid or alkali, biological treatment with microorganisms, and physical treatment. Guided to the source.
- the process is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, a miniaturization process by pretreatment such as chipping, scraping, and crushing a biological material. If necessary, a grinding step with a grinder or a mill is further included.
- the biological raw material thus refined is further guided to a carbon source through pretreatment and saccharification processes.
- Specific methods include chemical methods such as acid treatment with strong acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid, alkali treatment, ammonia freeze steaming explosion method, solvent extraction, supercritical fluid treatment and oxidant treatment.
- physical methods such as fine pulverization, steam blasting, microwave treatment and electron beam irradiation, and biological treatments such as hydrolysis by microorganisms or enzyme treatment.
- hexose such as glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, sorbose and tagatose
- pentose such as arabinose, xylose, ribose, xylulose and ribulose
- maltose sucrose, lactose
- Disaccharides and polysaccharides such as trehalose, starch and cellulose, butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, monoctinic acid
- Fatty acids such as arachidic acid, eicosenoic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid, erucic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahex
- an aliphatic carboxylic acid is derived from a carbon source derived from these biological materials.
- fermentation methods by microbial conversion, and chemical conversion methods including reaction steps such as hydrolysis, dehydration reaction, hydration reaction, oxidation reaction, reduction reaction, and these fermentations
- the carboxylic acid is synthesized by a combination of the method and the chemical conversion method.
- a fermentation method by microbial conversion using a microorganism having an ability to produce an aliphatic carboxylic acid is preferable.
- the microorganism having an aliphatic carboxylic acid-producing ability is not particularly limited as long as it is a microorganism having an aliphatic carboxylic acid-producing ability, and examples thereof include enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus bacteria, and coryneform bacteria. It is preferred to use aerobic microorganisms, facultative anaerobic microorganisms or microaerobic microorganisms.
- Examples of the aerobic microorganism include Coryneform Bacterium, Bacillus genus bacteria, Rhizobium genus bacteria, Arthrobacter genus bacteria, Mycobacterium genus bacteria, Rhodococcus genus bacteria, and Rhodococcus genus bacteria.
- Examples include Rhodococcus bacteria, Nocardia bacteria, and Streptomyces bacteria. Of these, coryneform bacteria are more preferred.
- Coryneform bacteria are not particularly limited as long as they are classified as such, and examples include bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, bacteria belonging to the genus Brevibacterium, and bacteria belonging to the genus Arthrobacter. Among these, those belonging to the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium are preferable, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Brevibacterium flavum, Brevibacterium ammoniagenes or Brevibacterium amnigene. Bacteria classified as Bacterium lactofermentum are more preferred.
- succinic acid-producing bacterium As an aliphatic carboxylic acid-producing bacterium, it is preferable to use a strain in which pyruvate carboxylase activity is enhanced and lactate dehydrogenase activity is reduced, as described in Examples below.
- Reaction conditions such as reaction temperature and pressure in microbial conversion will depend on the activity of microorganisms such as selected cells and fungi, but suitable conditions for obtaining carboxylic acid should be selected in each case. That's fine.
- neutralizing agents are usually used because the metabolic activity of microorganisms decreases or the activity of microorganisms stops when the pH is lowered, and the production yield deteriorates or the microorganisms die. It is preferable. Usually, it is preferable to measure the pH in the reaction system with a pH sensor and adjust the pH by adding a neutralizing agent so as to be in a predetermined pH range.
- the pH value is preferably adjusted in a range where the activity is most effectively exhibited according to the type of microorganisms such as fungus bodies and molds to be used.
- examples of the neutralizing agent include ammonia and ammonium carbonate.
- the fermentation broth after microbial conversion may be appropriately concentrated in consideration of operability and efficiency in the subsequent purification step.
- concentration method For example, the method of distribute
- the fermented liquid when using a fermented liquid in the method of this invention, it is preferable to use the fermented liquid after removing microorganisms.
- the method for removing the microorganisms is not particularly limited, and sedimentation separation, centrifugation and filtration separation, a method combining them, and the like are used.
- centrifugation it is preferable to carry out by methods such as centrifugation and membrane filtration separation.
- centrifugation centrifugal sedimentation, centrifugal filtration, or the like can be used.
- the operating conditions are not particularly limited, but it is usually preferable to perform the separation with a centrifugal force of 100 G to 100,000 G.
- the operation can be performed continuously or batchwise.
- microfiltration and / or ultrafiltration can be used.
- the material of the film is not particularly limited, and for example, an organic film such as polyolefin, polysulfine, polyacrylonitrile, and polyvinylidene fluoride, or a film made of an inorganic material such as ceramic can be used.
- an operation method either a dead end type or a cross flow type can be used.
- membrane filtration separation since microorganisms often clog the membrane, a method of performing membrane filtration after roughly removing the microorganisms by centrifugation or the like is also used.
- the separated microorganisms can be used as fertilizers alone or mixed with a nitrogen-containing composition defined in this method.
- LC high-performance liquid chromatography
- amino acid quantitative analysis was performed using an amino acid analyzer under the following conditions.
- protein quantification the sample was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid, and the increment of the total amino acid content before and after hydrolysis was regarded as the protein amount.
- a medium [urea 2 g, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 7 g, KH 2 PO 4 0.5 g, K 2 HPO 4 0.5 g, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.5 g, FeSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O 6 mg, MnSO 4. 4-5H 2 O 6 mg, biotin 200 ⁇ g, thiamine 200 ⁇ g, yeast extract 1 g, casamino acid 1 g, glucose 20 g, dissolved in 1 L of distilled water] In 10 ml, Brevibacterium flavum MJ-233 strain until the late logarithmic growth phase The cells were cultured, and the cells were collected by centrifugation (10000 g, 5 minutes).
- the obtained cells were suspended in 0.15 ml of a 10 mM NaCl / 20 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0) / 1 mM EDTA ⁇ 2Na solution containing lysozyme at a concentration of 10 mg / ml.
- proteinase K was added to the above suspension so that the final concentration was 100 ⁇ g / ml, and the mixture was incubated at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. Further, sodium dodecyl sulfate was added to a final concentration of 0.5%, and the mixture was incubated at 50 ° C. for 6 hours for lysis.
- (B) Construction of a plasmid for PC promoter substitution The DNA fragment of the N-terminal region of the pyruvate carboxylase gene derived from Brevibacterium flavum MJ233 strain was obtained using the DNA prepared in (A) above as a template and the entire genome sequence was reported. This was performed by PCR using synthetic DNA (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2) designed based on the sequence of the gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 strain (Cgl0689 of GenBank Database Accession No. BA00000036). The DNA of SEQ ID NO: 1 used was phosphorylated at the 5 ′ end.
- composition of reaction solution Template DNA 1 ⁇ L, PfxDNA polymerase (manufactured by Invitrogen) 0.2 ⁇ L, 1 ⁇ concentration attached buffer, 0.3 ⁇ M each primer, 1 mM MgSO 4 , 0.25 ⁇ M dNTPs were mixed to make a total volume of 20 ⁇ L.
- DNA thermal cycler PTC-200 manufactured by MJ Research was used, and a cycle of 94 ° C. for 20 seconds, 60 ° C. for 20 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 1 minute was repeated 35 times. However, the heat retention at 94 ° C. in the first cycle was 1 minute 20 seconds, and the heat retention at 72 ° C. in the final cycle was 4 minutes.
- Confirmation of the amplification product was performed by separating by 0.75% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: manufactured by FMCBioProducts) gel electrophoresis and then visualized by ethidium bromide staining to detect a fragment of about 0.9 kb. Recovery of the target DNA fragment from the gel was performed using QIAQuick Gel Extraction Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN), and this was used as the PC gene N-terminal fragment.
- agarose SeaKem GTG agarose: manufactured by FMCBioProducts
- the TZ4 promoter fragment derived from Brevibacterium flavum MJ233 strain is constitutively highly expressed using plasmid pMJPC1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-95169) as a template, and the synthetic DNAs described in SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4 It was prepared by PCR using The DNA of SEQ ID NO: 4 used was phosphorylated at the 5 'end.
- composition of reaction solution 1 ⁇ L of template DNA, 0.2 ⁇ L of Pfx DNA polymerase (manufactured by Invitrogen), 1 ⁇ concentrated buffer, 0.3 ⁇ M each primer, 1 mM MgSO 4 , 0.25 ⁇ M dNTPs were mixed to make a total volume of 20 ⁇ L.
- DNA thermal cycler PTC-200 manufactured by MJ Research
- a cycle of 94 ° C. for 20 seconds, 60 ° C. for 20 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 30 seconds was repeated 25 times.
- the heat retention at 94 ° C. in the first cycle was 1 minute 20 seconds
- the heat retention at 72 ° C. in the final cycle was 3 minutes.
- the amplification product was confirmed by separation by 1.0% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: manufactured by FMC BioProducts) gel electrophoresis and visualization by ethidium bromide staining to detect a fragment of about 0.5 kb. Recovery of the target DNA fragment from the gel was performed using QIAQuick Gel Extraction Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN), and this was used as the TZ4 promoter fragment.
- the PC gene N-terminal fragment prepared above and the TZ4 promoter fragment were mixed, and ligation kit ver. 2 (manufactured by Takara Shuzo), cleaved with the restriction enzyme PstI, separated by 1.0% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: manufactured by FMCBioProducts) gel electrophoresis, and a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was extracted with QIAQuick Gel Extraction Kit (Manufactured by QIAGEN) was used as a TZ4 promoter: PC gene N-terminal fragment. Further, this DNA fragment and E. coli plasmid pHSG299 (Takara Shuzo) were mixed with DNA prepared by cutting with PstI, and ligation kit ver. 2 (Takara Shuzo) were used for connection.
- ligation kit ver. 2 manufactured by Takara Shuzo
- Escherichia coli (DH5 ⁇ strain) was transformed with the obtained plasmid DNA.
- the recombinant Escherichia coli thus obtained was smeared on an LB agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g / ml kana machine and 50 ⁇ g / ml X-Gal. Clones that formed white colonies on this medium were subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then plasmid DNA was purified.
- the obtained plasmid DNA was cleaved with the restriction enzyme PstI, whereby an inserted fragment of about 1.0 kb was recognized, and this was named pMJPC17.1.
- the DNA fragment of the 5 ′ upstream region of the pyruvate carboxylase gene derived from Brevibacterium flavum MJ233 strain was obtained from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032, in which the entire genome sequence has been reported using the DNA prepared in (A) as a template. It was carried out by PCR using synthetic DNA (SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6) designed based on the sequence of the gene of the strain (GenBank Database Accession No. BA000036).
- composition of reaction solution Template DNA 1 ⁇ L, PfxDNA polymerase (manufactured by Invitrogen) 0.2 ⁇ L, 1 ⁇ concentration attached buffer, 0.3 ⁇ M each primer, 1 mM MgSO 4 , 0.25 ⁇ M dNTPs were mixed to make a total volume of 20 ⁇ L.
- DNA thermal cycler PTC-200 manufactured by MJ Research
- a cycle consisting of 94 ° C. for 20 seconds, 60 ° C. for 20 seconds and 72 ° C. for 30 seconds was repeated 35 times.
- the heat retention at 94 ° C. in the first cycle was 1 minute 20 seconds
- the heat retention at 72 ° C. in the final cycle was 5 minutes.
- the amplification product was confirmed by separation by 1.0% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: manufactured by FMC BioProducts) gel electrophoresis and visualization by ethidium bromide staining, and a fragment of about 0.7 kb was detected. Recovery of the target DNA fragment from the gel was performed using a QIAQuick Gel Extraction Kit (manufactured by QIAGEN).
- the recovered DNA fragment was phosphorylated at the 5 'end with T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4 Polynucleotide Kinase: Takara Shuzo), and then ligated kit ver. 2 (Takara Shuzo) was used to bind to the SmaI site of E. coli vector pUC119 (Takara Shuzo), and Escherichia coli (DH5 ⁇ strain) was transformed with the resulting plasmid DNA.
- T4 Polynucleotide Kinase Takara Shuzo
- ligated kit ver. 2 (Takara Shuzo) was used to bind to the SmaI site of E. coli vector pUC119 (Takara Shuzo), and Escherichia coli (DH5 ⁇ strain) was transformed with the resulting plasmid DNA.
- the recombinant Escherichia coli thus obtained was smeared on an LB agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g / ml ampicillin and 50 ⁇ g / ml X-Gal. Clones that formed white colonies on this medium were subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then plasmid DNA was purified. The obtained plasmid DNA was subjected to a PCR reaction using the synthetic DNAs shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 and SEQ ID NO: 6 as primers.
- Reaction solution composition 1 ng of the above plasmid, Ex-Taq DNA polymerase (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) 0.2 ⁇ L, 1 ⁇ concentration attached buffer, 0.2 ⁇ M each primer, 0.25 ⁇ M dNTPs were mixed to make a total volume of 20 ⁇ L.
- DNA thermal cycler PTC-200 manufactured by MJ Research
- a cycle consisting of 94 ° C. for 20 seconds, 60 ° C. for 20 seconds and 72 ° C. for 50 seconds was repeated 20 times.
- the heat retention at 94 ° C. in the first cycle was 1 minute 20 seconds
- the heat retention at 72 ° C. in the final cycle was 5 minutes.
- pMJPC5.1 a plasmid that recognizes an amplification product of about 0.7 kb was selected and named pMJPC5.1.
- pMJPC17.1 and pMJPC5.1 were cut with restriction enzyme XbaI and mixed, and ligation kit ver. 2 (Takara Shuzo) were used for connection.
- the DNA fragment cleaved with restriction enzyme SacI and restriction enzyme SphI was separated by 0.75% agarose (SeaKem GTG agarose: manufactured by FMCBioProducts) gel electrophoresis, and a DNA fragment of about 1.75 kb was manufactured by QIAQUICK Gel Extraction Kit (QIAGEN Kit) ).
- a DNA fragment in which the TZ4 promoter was inserted between the 5 ′ upstream region and the N-terminal region of this PC gene was cleaved with SacI and SphI from plasmid pKMB1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-95169) containing the sacB gene.
- SacI and SphI from plasmid pKMB1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-95169) containing the sacB gene.
- plasmid pKMB1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-95169
- Escherichia coli (DH5 ⁇ strain) was transformed with the obtained plasmid DNA.
- the recombinant Escherichia coli thus obtained was smeared on an LB agar medium containing 50 ⁇ g / ml kana machine and 50 ⁇ g / ml X-Gal. Clones that formed white colonies on this medium were subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then plasmid DNA was purified. By cutting the obtained plasmid DNA with restriction enzymes SacI and SphI, an insert fragment of about 1.75 kb was observed, which was named pMJPC17.2 (FIG. 2).
- Plasmid DNA used for transformation of Brevibacterium flavum MJ233 / ⁇ LDH (strain with reduced LDH activity: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-95169) is the plasmid DNA of pMJPC17.2. From Escherichia coli JM110 transformed by the calcium chloride method (Journal of Molecular Biology, 53, 159, 1970).
- the Brevibacterium flavum MJ233 / ⁇ LDH strain was transformed by the electric pulse method (Res. Microbiol., Vol. 144, p.181-185, 1993), and the resulting transformant contained 25 ⁇ g / ml of kanamycin.
- LBG agar medium [tryptone 10 g, yeast extract 5 g, NaCl 5 g, glucose 20 g, and agar 15 g dissolved in 1 L of distilled water] was smeared.
- the strain grown on this medium is a plasmid in which pMJPC17.2 is a plasmid that cannot be replicated in Brevibacterium flavum MJ233 strain, so the PC gene of the plasmid and the same gene on the genome of Brevibacterium flavum MJ233 strain As a result of homologous recombination with the kanamycin, the kanamycin resistance gene and sacB gene derived from the plasmid should be inserted on the genome.
- the above homologous recombinant strain was subjected to liquid culture in an LBG medium containing 25 ⁇ g / ml of kanamycin. A portion equivalent to about 1 million cells of this culture was smeared on a 10% sucrose-containing LBG medium. As a result, sacB gene was removed by the second homologous recombination and sucrose-insensitive sucrose strains were obtained.
- the strains thus obtained include those in which the TZ4 promoter derived from pMJPC17.2 is inserted upstream of the PC gene and those that have returned to the wild type. Confirmation of whether the PC gene is promoter-substituted type or wild type can be easily confirmed by subjecting the cells obtained by liquid culture in LBG medium to direct PCR reaction and detecting the PC gene. .
- the pH was kept at 7.2% or lower using 28% aqueous ammonia, the main culture was started at aeration of 3.0 L / min, back pressure of 0.05 MPa, and stirring at 750 rpm. After the dissolved oxygen concentration dropped to almost 0, when it started to rise again and reached 1 ppm, about 5.3 g of a 72% sucrose aqueous solution sterilized in advance was added. Each time the dissolved oxygen concentration increased again, the addition of aqueous sucrose solution was repeated by the above method, and continued for 19 hours after the start of culture.
- Reaction temperature is 40 ° C.
- stirring speed is 150 per minute
- pH is adjusted to 7.35 by sequential addition of neutralizing agent (ammonium bicarbonate: 171 g, 28% ammonia water: 354 g, distilled water: 529 g).
- neutralizing agent ammonium bicarbonate: 171 g, 28% ammonia water: 354 g, distilled water: 529 g. The process was terminated when the residual sucrose in the reaction solution became 0.1 g / L or less.
- succinic acid fermented liquid The supernatant obtained by centrifuging (15,000 G, 5 minutes) the succinic acid fermentation broth prepared as described above was obtained (hereinafter sometimes referred to as succinic acid fermented liquid).
- Table 2 below shows the composition analysis results of the supernatant.
- Example 1 ⁇ Protonation> 98% sulfuric acid was added to 1500 g of the above succinic acid fermentation broth to adjust the pH to 2.5.
- the addition amount of 98% sulfuric acid was 150 g.
- the aqueous succinic acid solution after the addition of sulfuric acid is composed of a jacketed static mixer (Noritake 1/4 (1) -N40-174-0 (inner diameter ⁇ 5 mm, number of elements 24)) and three tanks with jackets of 600 ml, 400 ml and 300 ml.
- Succinic acid was continuously extracted by mixing and liquid-separating with methyl ethyl ketone (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as MEK) using a settling formula.
- the extraction phase overflowed the weir between the first tank and the second tank and was supplied to the second tank.
- insoluble components that could not be separated in the first tank were allowed to settle to the bottom, and only the clear extraction phase was allowed to overflow the weir between the second tank and the third tank and supplied to the third tank.
- the clear extraction phase was overflowed from the liquid interface vicinity, and the extraction phase was collect
- the extraction phase remaining in each tank, the extracted residual phase, and the insoluble components remaining in the first tank intermediate phase and the second tank bottom were recovered.
- the recovered extracted phase, extracted residual phase, and intermediate phase were 688 g, extracted residual phase 1613 g, and intermediate phase 173 g, respectively.
- 1613 g of the collected residual phase was continuously extracted using a jacketed continuous extraction tower (10 theoretical plates) with an inner diameter of ⁇ 20 mm and a height of 2 m to recover succinic acid.
- the extracted residual phase was supplied from the top of the tower at 200 g / hour, and a MEK solution adjusted to a water content of 10% by weight in advance from the bottom of the tower was supplied at 200 g / hour and continuously extracted.
- the continuous phase was the extracted residual phase, and the dispersed phase was the MEK phase (light liquid dispersion).
- the temperature of the extraction tower was controlled at 30 ° C. by passing warm water through the jacket. Finally, 1777 g of the extraction phase and 1449 g of the extracted residual phase were recovered.
- the recovered distillate was an azeotropic composition (MEK 89 wt%, water 11 wt%) consisting of MEK and water slightly colored yellow.
- ⁇ Crystal> The concentrated solution was transferred to a jacketed 1000 ml stirring tank. While flowing warm water of 45 ° C through the jacket, the pressure in the crystallization tank was gradually reduced to 7 kPa under stirring, and 95 g of water was distilled while controlling the pressure after reaching 7 KPa (internal temperature of about 40 ° C) ( Ammonium sulfate was precipitated by 20% by weight with respect to the charged solution. After a predetermined amount of water was distilled off, the pressure in the crystallization tank was returned to atmospheric pressure, and the temperature of warm water flowing through the jacket was set to 40 ° C. and aged for about 1 hour.
- ammonium sulfate slurry was filtered under reduced pressure and separated into a wet cake and a mother liquor.
- the obtained wet cake was further dried with an 80 ° C. hot air dryer for about 7 hours to recover 87 g of ammonium sulfate and 288 g of the mother liquor.
- Example 2 ⁇ Protonation / Extraction / Neutralization / Concentration>
- the succinic acid fermentation broth was protonated by the same method except that 1500 g of the succinic acid fermentation broth used in Example 1 was changed to 1000 g, and the protonated liquid was subsequently extracted with the MEK solution.
- the extracted residual phase was distilled and neutralized, further concentrated to an ammonium sulfate concentration of 40% by weight, and 329 g of the concentrated liquid was recovered.
- Table 7 shows the analysis result of the composition of the obtained ammonium sulfate
- Table 8 shows the analysis result of the composition of the obtained mother liquor.
- Half of the recovered mother liquor was used for recycling.
- the other half was dried on a hot plate heated to 150 ° C. to recover 65 g of brown ammonium sulfate powder.
- Example 3 The extraction to crystallization operation was further repeated 5 times while recycling half of the crystallization mother liquor in the same procedure as in Example 2.
- Table 10 shows the analysis results of ammonium sulfate obtained by crystallization, ammonium sulfate obtained by drying the mother liquor, and the composition of each mother liquor.
- the nitrogen-containing composition mixed with all the collected ammonium sulfate When the test was carried out, no abnormal symptoms were observed in the growth of the plant due to harmful substances.
- Table 11 shows the composition analysis results of the nitrogen-containing composition mixed as a fertilizer.
- Example 4 In the method of Example 1, ammonium sulfate was recovered according to the same method except that the order of distillation and neutralization was changed. The handling property in each operation and the recovered ammonium sulfate were both substantially the same as in Example 1. However, the distillate obtained by distillation (azeotropic composition comprising MEK and water) was colored yellow.
- Comparative Example 1 According to the same method as in Example 1, except that the entire amount of the crystallization mother liquor was recycled, the extraction to crystallization operations were repeated 5 times while the crystallization mother liquor was recycled to recover ammonium sulfate. The results are shown in Table 12 below. Each time recycling is repeated, the time required for the vacuum filtration [filter paper (5C)] of the ammonium sulfate slurry becomes longer. In the fifth recycling, solid-liquid separation cannot be achieved by vacuum filtration, and a tabletop centrifugal filter (filter cloth) is used. Solid-liquid separation was performed at 3000G.
- Table 12 shows the results of analysis of the ammonium sulfate obtained by crystallization, the ammonium sulfate obtained by drying the mother liquor, and the composition of each mother liquor.
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Abstract
Description
[1]生物由来原料から得られた脂肪族カルボン酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液から、脂肪族カルボン酸、脂肪族カルボン酸塩、および硫酸のアンモニウム塩から選ばれる少なくとも1つを回収するとともに含窒素組成物を製造する方法であって、以下の工程(1)~(3)を含むことを特徴とする含窒素組成物の製造方法。
(1)硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液から硫酸のアンモニウム塩を濃縮晶析する晶析工程
(2)晶析工程で得られた硫酸のアンモニウム塩を固液分離する固液分離工程
(3)固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液を、晶析工程および晶析工程より前の工程から選ばれる少なくとも1の工程にリサイクルし、且つリサイクルする母液の量は母液全量ではないことを特徴とする晶析母液リサイクル工程
[2]固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液を乾燥機で蒸発乾固し、硫酸のアンモニウム塩を回収する晶析母液乾燥工程を含むことを特徴とする、[1]に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[3]生物由来原料から得られた脂肪族カルボン酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液に硫酸を加えた後、該水溶液と相分離可能な溶剤とを混合し接触させる接触工程と、接触工程後に液を相分離させる相分離工程を含むことを特徴とする、[1]または[2]に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[4]相分離工程後の水溶液を蒸留し、水溶液から溶剤を除去する有機溶剤除去工程を含むことを特徴とする、[3]に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[5]有機溶剤除去後の水溶液を濃縮し、水溶液中の硫酸のアンモニウム塩の濃度を増加させる濃縮工程を含むことを特徴とする、[4]に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[6]相分離工程後の水溶液にアルカリを加え、pHを4以上8以下の範囲にする抽残相中和工程を含むことを特徴とする、[3]から[5]のいずれか1つに記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[7]抽残相中和工程で用いるアルカリが、アンモニアであることを特徴とする[6]に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[8]抽残相中和工程が、有機溶剤除去工程の後に行われることを特徴とする、[6]または[7]に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[9]抽残相中和工程が、濃縮工程の前に行われることを特徴とする、[6]から[8]のいずれか1つに記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[10]前記晶析母液リサイクル工程においてリサイクルする母液に含まれる、有機酸、糖類、アミノ酸およびタンパク質の合計量が、固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液に対して、0.1重量%以上15重量%以下であることを特徴とする、[1]から[9]のいずれか1つに記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[11]前記晶析母液リサイクル工程においてリサイクルする母液に含まれる、有機酸の合計量が、固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液に対して、0.1重量%以上10重量%以下であることを特徴とする、[10]に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[12]前記晶析母液リサイクル工程においてリサイクルする母液の量が、固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液に対して、10%重量以上80重量%未満であることを特徴とする、[1]から[9]のいずれか1つに記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
[13][1]から[12]いずれか1に記載の製造方法で製造された含窒素組成物であって、該含窒素組成物に含まれる全窒素が、15重量%以上21重量%未満で、かつ全窒素の90重量%以上がアンモニウム性窒素であることを特徴とする含窒素組成物。
[14][13]に記載の含窒素組成物を含む肥料原料。
[15][13]に記載の含窒素組成物を含む肥料。
(1)硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液から硫酸のアンモニウム塩を濃縮晶析する晶析工程
(2)晶析工程で得られた硫酸のアンモニウム塩を固液分離する固液分離工程
(3)固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液を、晶析工程および晶析工程より前の工程から選ばれる少なくとも1の工程にリサイクルすることを特徴とする晶析母液リサイクル工程
晶析工程では、硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液から、硫酸のアンモニウム塩を濃縮晶析する。濃縮晶析では、硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液から水を蒸発させ、硫酸のアンモニウム塩を飽和溶解度以上に濃縮することで、硫酸のアンモニウム塩を析出させる。
晶析で得られた硫酸のアンモニウム塩スラリーは固液分離操作により硫酸のアンモニウム塩結晶および母液を分離する。分離方法は特に限定するものではなく、例えば、ろ過分離および沈降分離などが挙げられる。また操作はバッチでも連続でもよい。
固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液の少なくとも一部は、晶析工程および晶析工程より前の工程から選ばれる少なくとも1の工程にリサイクルすることができる。ただし本発明の製造方法においては、リサイクル量は晶析母液全量ではない。
分離した母液は硫酸のアンモニウム塩の他発酵由来の種々不純物、例えば、有機酸、アミノ酸、タンパク質および糖類などを含んでおり液肥もしくはその原料として有効であるが、直接乾燥して粉体として回収することもできる。
本発明の脂肪族カルボン酸の製造方法では、脂肪族カルボン酸および硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含有する水溶液と、該水溶液と相分離可能な溶剤とを接触させる接触工程と、接触工程後に液を相分離させる相分離工程を有する。
接触装置は脂肪族カルボン酸および硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液と溶剤との接触、溶剤相および水溶液相の回収、並びに固形分の除去ができればどのような装置であってもかまわないが、装置が簡単で操作も容易な、上記のミキサーセトラー型抽出装置が好ましい。
セトラーは、脂肪族カルボン酸および硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液と、該水溶液と相分離可能な溶剤とを接触させた後の液を相分離することが可能なものであれば如何なる方式であってもよい。例えば、一槽で抽出相、中間相および抽残相をそれぞれ回収するもの、並びに多槽式で抽出相、中間相および抽残相をそれぞれ回収するもの、回転装置による遠心分離により各相を回収するもの、などが挙げられる。
接触工程において使用される溶剤は、脂肪族カルボン酸および硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含有する水溶液と相分離するものであれば特に制限は無いが、無機性値/有機性値の比(以下、I/O値と略記することがある)が0.2以上2.3以下であることが好ましく、I/O値が0.3以上2.0以下であることがより好ましい。溶剤のI/O値を当該範囲とすることにより、脂肪族カルボン酸を選択的に抽出して、効率よく夾雑不純物および硫酸のアンモニウム塩と分離できる。
接触工程における、脂肪族カルボン酸および硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液と、該水溶液と相分離可能な溶剤とを接触させる操作は、一段で行っても、多段で行ってもよいが、多段で行うことが好ましい。また、溶剤は、脂肪族カルボン酸および硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液に対して並流で流しても、向流で流しても構わない。
相分離工程における相分離操作は、槽で一定時間静置することでも可能であるし、遠心分離装置により行うこともできる。上記のようなミキサーセトラー型抽出機では、接触混合することにより得られた混合液を静置することで相分離させるセトラー部を有している。該セトラー部において、液を一定時間静置することにより相分離することができる。相分離工程は連続的に行ってもよいし、回分的に行ってもよい。
回収された抽残相には数%の溶剤が含まれるため、除去する必要がある。すなわち抽出工程で得られた抽残相は蒸留操作により溶剤を除去する。蒸留方法、操作条件は特に限定されるものではないが、最終的に蒸留後の釜残液中の溶剤が1重量%以下であることが好ましく、0.1重量%以下であることがより好ましく、0.01重量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。
有機溶剤除去工程後の水溶液において硫酸のアンモニウム塩の濃度は、一般にその濃度が低いので晶析工程飽和溶解度近くまで濃縮することが望ましい。濃縮は有機溶剤除去と共に行っても良いし、有機溶剤除去後に行っても良い。ただし濃縮を有機溶剤の除去と共に行なうと蒸留装置が大きくなるため、有機溶剤を蒸留塔で留去した後に濃縮する方法が好ましい。
通常、抽残相は酸性であるので、回収した硫酸のアンモニウムの塩を肥料または肥料原料として用いるには、アルカリを添加することで中性付近まで中和することが好ましい。ここではアルカリとしてアンモニアを用い、pHを4~8程度に調整するのが好ましい。
(脂肪族カルボン酸アンモニウム塩の硫酸による塩交換)
脂肪族カルボン酸は発酵液中では脂肪族カルボン酸のアンモニウム塩の形で存在する。発酵液から脂肪族カルボン酸を回収するには、先ず脂肪族カルボン酸のアンモニウム塩を脂肪族カルボン酸へ変換することが好ましい。すなわち、脂肪族カルボン酸のアンモニウム塩に硫酸を加え、塩交換することで脂肪族カルボン酸および硫酸のアンモニウム塩に変換することが好ましい。
本発明で製造する含窒素組成物は、硫酸のアンモニウム塩だけでなく、発酵由来に必然的に共存する種々の化合物、例えば、有機酸、アミノ酸、タンパク質および糖類などを含んでおり、肥料等の原料として有用である。また、これら硫酸のアンモニウム塩には、発酵で用いられた微生物の乾燥処理品なども混合することも有効である。
本発明の脂肪族カルボン酸としては、具体的には、例えば、シュウ酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸、リンゴ酸、フマル酸、オキザロ酢酸、2-オキソグルタル酸、シス-アコニット酸およびドデカン二酸等の、炭素数が2以上40以下の鎖状カルボン酸が挙げられる。これらの中では、アジピン酸およびコハク酸が好ましい。
カラム;信和化工(株)製 ULTRON PS-80H 8.0mmI.D.×30cm
溶離液:水(過塩素酸)(過塩素酸60%水溶液1.8ml/1L-H2O)
温度:60℃
装置:日立アミノ酸分析計 L-8900
分析条件:生体アミノ酸分離条件-ニンヒドリン発色法(570nm,440nm)
標準品:PF(和光アミノ酸混合液ANII型0.8ml+B型0.8ml→10ml)
注入量:10μl
試料10mg或いは100mgを精秤し、純水で1ml定容としたものを、200ul分注、乾固し、塩酸雰囲気下150℃、1時間加熱し、タンパク質を加水分解処理した。
これを乾固させた後純水200ulを加えて再溶解させ、0.45umフィルターでろ過後、ろ液をアミノ酸の分析に供した。
(A)ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムMJ233株ゲノムDNAの抽出
ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムMJ233は、1975年4月28日に通商産業省工業技術院微生物工業技術研究所(現独立行政法人 産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センター)(〒305-8566 日本国茨城県つくば市東1丁目1番地1 中央第6)に受託番号FERM P-3068として寄託され、1981年5月1日にブダペスト条約に基づく国際寄託に移管され、FERM BP-1497の受託番号で寄託されている。
遠心分離(15,000G、2分)により回収した沈殿物を70%エタノールで洗浄した後、風乾した。得られたDNAに10mMトリス緩衝液(pH7.5)-1mM EDTA・2Na溶液5mlを加え、4℃で一晩静置し、以後のPCRの鋳型DNAに使用した。
ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムMJ233株由来ピルベートカルボキシラーゼ遺伝子のN末端領域のDNA断片の取得は、上記(A)で調製したDNAを鋳型とし、全ゲノム配列が報告されているコリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム ATCC13032株の該遺伝子の配列(GenBank Database Accession No.BA000036のCgl0689)を基に設計した合成DNA(配列番号1および配列番号2)を用いたPCRによって行った。尚、配列番号1のDNAは5’末端がリン酸化されたものを用いた。
ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムMJ233/ΔLDH(LDH活性が低下した株:日本国特開2005-95169号公報)の形質転換に用いるプラスミドDNAは、pMJPC17.2のプラスミドDNA用いて塩化カルシウム法(Journal of Molecular Biology,53,159,1970)により形質転換した大腸菌JM110株から再調製した。
(A)種培養
尿素:4g、硫酸アンモニウム:14g、リン酸1カリウム:0.5g、リン酸2カリウム0.5g、硫酸マグネシウム・7水和物:0.5g、硫酸第一鉄・7水和物:20mg、硫酸マンガン・水和物:20mg、D-ビオチン:200μg、塩酸チアミン:200μg、酵母エキス:1g、カザミノ酸:1gを蒸留水に溶解、1000mlに調整した培地100mlを500mlの三角フラスコにいれ、121℃、20分加熱滅菌した。これを室温まで冷やし、あらかじめ滅菌した50%グルコース水溶液を4ml添加し、上記で構築したブレビバクテリウム・フラバムMJ233/PC-5/ΔLDH株を接種して16時間30℃にて振とう(160rpm)培養した。
硫酸アンモニウム:3.0g、85%リン酸:6.7g、塩化カリウム:4.9g、硫酸マグネシウム・7水和物:1.5g、硫酸第一鉄・7水和物:120mg、硫酸マンガン・水和物:120mg、コーンスティープリカー(王子コーンスターチ社製)30.0g、10N水酸化カリウム水溶液:11.0g、消泡剤(CE457:日本油脂製):2.5gを蒸留水に溶解して調整した培地2.0Lを5Lの発酵糟に入れ、121℃、20分加熱滅菌した。これを室温まで冷やしてから28%アンモニア水を加えてpHを7.0に調整した後、予めフィルター滅菌したD-ビオチン、塩酸チアミン各0.2g/L水溶液:15ml、及びあらかじめ滅菌した720g/Lショ糖水溶液:110mlを添加した。これに前述の種培養液を100ml加えて、30℃に保温した。
85%リン酸:1.6g、硫酸マグネシウム・7水和物:1.1g、硫酸第一鉄・7水和物:43mg、硫酸マンガン・水和物:43mg、10N水酸化カリウム水溶液:2.86gを蒸留水に溶解、42mlに調整後、121℃、20分加熱滅菌処理し、反応濃縮培地を作製した。
<プロトン化>
上述のコハク酸発酵液1500gに98%硫酸を加えpHを2.5と調整した。ここで98%硫酸添加量は150gであった。
硫酸添加後のコハク酸水溶液は、ジャケット付スタティックミキサー(ノリタケ1/4(1)-N40-174-0(内径Φ5mm、エレメント数24))および各槽が600ml、400ml、300mlのジャケット付3槽式のセトラーを用い、メチルエチルケトン(以下、MEKと略記することがある)と混合、液々分離することでコハク酸を連続抽出した。
Φ5mmのコイルパックを高さ30cmに充填した、内径Φ20mmの充填カラムと500mlの丸底フラスコ、さらには還留器を備えた常圧連続蒸留装置を用い、抽残相に微量溶解したMEKを蒸留により留去した。抽残相は500ml丸底フラスコへ約300ml添加後、丸底フラスコをオイルバスで加熱しながら炊上げ、全還留をかけながら系内を安定させた。ここでオイルバスの温度は110℃とした。ここで塔頂温度は74℃(共沸温度)、塔底温度は102℃であった。
MEKを蒸留除去した後の液のpHを測定したところ約3であったので、26重量%アンモニア水でpH6に調整した。
中和液をエバポレータで濃縮し、硫酸アンモニウム濃度41重量%の濃縮液476gを回収した。
濃縮液はジャケット付1000ml攪拌槽へ移した。ジャケットに45℃の温水を流すとともに、攪拌下晶析槽内圧力を7kPaまで徐々に減圧していき、7KPa(内温約40℃)に到達後圧力を制御しながら水を95g留出させ(仕込液に対し20重量%)、硫酸アンモニウムを析出させた。所定量の水が留出した後、晶析槽内の圧力を大気圧に戻し、ジャケットに流す温水温度を40℃とし約1時間熟成した。
<プロトン化・抽出・中和・濃縮>
実施例1で用いたコハク酸発酵液1500gを1000gにする以外は同じ方法で、コハク酸発酵液をプロトン化し、プロトン化した液を引き続きMEK溶液で抽出した。
上記濃縮液、および実施例1の晶析工程で回収した母液の半分にあたる144gを混合し、実施例1と同様の手順で晶析、濾過、乾燥処理を行い、硫酸アンモニウム86g、母液288gを回収した。
実施例2と同じ手順で晶析母液の半分をリサイクルしながら、抽出~晶析操作をさらに5回繰り返した。
実施例1の方法において、蒸留と中和の順序を入れ替える以外は同じ方法に従い、硫酸アンモニウムを回収した。各操作におけるハンドリング性、回収された硫酸アンモニウムはいずれも実施例1とほぼ同等であったが、蒸留で得られた留出物(MEKと水からなる共沸組成物)は黄色く着色していた。
実施例1の方法において、晶析母液を全量リサイクルする以外は同じ方法に従い、晶析母液をリサイクルしながら抽出~晶析操作を5回繰り返し、硫酸アンモニウムを回収した。結果を下記表12に示す。リサイクルを重ねるごとに硫酸アンモニウムスラリーの減圧ろ過[ろ紙(5C)]に要する時間が長くなり、リサイクル5回目においては減圧ろ過では固液分離できず、卓上式遠心ろ過機(ろ布)を用い、約3000Gで固液分離を行った。
Claims (15)
- 生物由来原料から得られた脂肪族カルボン酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液から、脂肪族カルボン酸、脂肪族カルボン酸塩および硫酸のアンモニウム塩から選ばれる少なくとも1つを回収するとともに含窒素組成物を製造する方法であって、以下の工程(1)~(3)を含むことを特徴とする含窒素組成物の製造方法。
(1)硫酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液から硫酸のアンモニウム塩を濃縮晶析する晶析工程
(2)晶析工程で得られた硫酸のアンモニウム塩を固液分離する固液分離工程
(3)固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液を、晶析工程および晶析工程より前の工程から選ばれる少なくとも1の工程にリサイクルし、且つリサイクルする母液の量は母液全量ではないことを特徴とする晶析母液リサイクル工程 - 固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液を乾燥機で蒸発乾固し、硫酸のアンモニウム塩を回収する晶析母液乾燥工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 生物由来原料から得られた脂肪族カルボン酸のアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液に硫酸を加えた後、該水溶液と相分離可能な溶剤とを混合し接触させる接触工程と、接触工程後に液を相分離させる相分離工程とを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項2に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 相分離工程後の水溶液を蒸留し、水溶液から溶剤を除去する有機溶剤除去工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 有機溶剤除去後の水溶液を濃縮し、水溶液中の硫酸のアンモニウム塩の濃度を増加させる濃縮工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 相分離工程後の水溶液にアルカリを加え、pHを4以上8以下の範囲にする抽残相中和工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項3から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 抽残相中和工程で用いるアルカリが、アンモニアであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 抽残相中和工程が、有機溶剤除去工程の後に行われることを特徴とする、請求項6または請求項7に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 抽残相中和工程が、濃縮工程の前に行われることを特徴とする、請求項6から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 前記晶析母液リサイクル工程においてリサイクルする晶析母液に含まれる、有機酸、糖類、アミノ酸およびタンパク質の合計量が、固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液に対して、0.1重量%以上15重量%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 前記晶析母液リサイクル工程においてリサイクルする晶析母液に含まれる、有機酸の合計量が、固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液に対して、0.1重量%以上10重量%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 前記晶析母液リサイクル工程においてリサイクルする晶析母液の量が、固液分離工程で得られた晶析母液に対して、10%重量以上80重量%未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の含窒素組成物の製造方法。
- 請求項1から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法で製造された含窒素組成物であって、該含窒素組成物に含まれる全窒素の量が、15重量%以上21重量%未満で、かつ全窒素の90重量%以上がアンモニウム性窒素であることを特徴とする含窒素組成物。
- 請求項13に記載の含窒素組成物を含む肥料原料。
- 請求項13に記載の含窒素組成物を含む肥料。
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Cited By (2)
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WO2014095280A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | A liquid-liquid extraction system and process for use thereof |
JP2021020832A (ja) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-18 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 硫安母液の洗浄方法および硫安母液の洗浄装置 |
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CN112451993B (zh) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-02-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种喷淋萃取设备和溶剂萃取方法 |
CN113025667B (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-10-25 | 安徽华恒生物科技股份有限公司 | 一种氨基酸发酵培养基的制备方法及其应用 |
CN114656064A (zh) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-06-24 | 河北中科同创科技发展有限公司 | 一种去除硫酸铵溶液中铁离子和亚铁离子的方法 |
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WO2014095280A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | A liquid-liquid extraction system and process for use thereof |
CN104955538A (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-09-30 | 苏舍化学技术有限公司 | 液-液萃取系统以及用于其使用的工艺 |
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Also Published As
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JPWO2011087062A1 (ja) | 2013-05-20 |
BR112012017541A2 (pt) | 2018-04-17 |
US20130177495A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
US8663342B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
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