WO2011078228A1 - フッ素およびケイ素を含む排水の前処理方法、およびフッ素およびケイ素を含む排水の処理設備 - Google Patents
フッ素およびケイ素を含む排水の前処理方法、およびフッ素およびケイ素を含む排水の処理設備 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011078228A1 WO2011078228A1 PCT/JP2010/073150 JP2010073150W WO2011078228A1 WO 2011078228 A1 WO2011078228 A1 WO 2011078228A1 JP 2010073150 W JP2010073150 W JP 2010073150W WO 2011078228 A1 WO2011078228 A1 WO 2011078228A1
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- wastewater
- silicon
- fluorine
- sodium
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract 13
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 32
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229960002050 hydrofluoric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 58
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 54
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 as a pretreatment Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 89
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 19
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011276 addition treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
- C02F2101/14—Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pretreatment method for wastewater containing fluorine and silicon, and a treatment facility for wastewater containing fluorine and silicon.
- wastewater containing fluorine and silicon generated in a semiconductor manufacturing factory, a solar cell manufacturing factory, a liquid crystal factory, a factory with a PFC (perfluorocarbon) gas processing process or a silicon etching process is processed as follows, for example. Yes. Calcium compounds are added to wastewater containing fluorine and silicon and the wastewater is adjusted to the alkaline side to react to produce sludge containing calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) and silica (SiO 2 ), and the generated sludge is separated. Industrial waste treatment.
- CaF 2 calcium fluoride
- SiO 2 silica
- the waste (sludge) treatment cost can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for reducing the amount of sludge produced from fluorine-containing wastewater, for example, a method as described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed.
- two reaction tanks for generating calcium fluoride by adding a calcium compound to fluorine-containing wastewater are arranged in series to generate calcium fluoride in two stages. . If the fluoride ion is roughly roughened first, the formation of fine calcium fluoride can be suppressed even if a calcium compound equivalent to or more than the remaining fluoride ion is added, and as a result, the sludge having a low water content. Can be generated.
- Patent Document 1 is intended to reduce the moisture content of calcium fluoride sludge by suppressing the production of fine calcium fluoride, and as a result, to reduce the amount of sludge produced.
- the sludge to be generated is calcium fluoride sludge, the amount of sludge reduction is limited.
- the objective is the waste_water
- the present inventors have added an alkaline sodium compound to the wastewater as a pretreatment when the calcium compound is added to the wastewater containing fluorine and silicon and the wastewater is coagulated and precipitated.
- the inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by precipitating silicon and fluorine as sodium silicofluoride (Na 2 SiF 6 ), and based on this finding, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is a pretreatment method for wastewater treatment in which a calcium compound is added to wastewater containing fluorine and silicon and the wastewater is coagulated and precipitated, and an alkaline sodium compound is added to the wastewater to add sodium silicofluoride.
- a pretreatment method for wastewater containing fluorine and silicon comprising: a first step for precipitation; and a second step for separating and removing sodium silicofluoride precipitated in the first step.
- the amount of precipitated silica (SiO 2 ) having a high water content even after dehydration (production amount), and fluoride Any precipitation amount (production amount) of calcium (CaF 2 ) can be minimized.
- sodium silicofluoride is composed of sodium, silicon and fluorine, and unlike silica, oxygen is not bonded. Therefore, even when compared by dry weight, the amount of precipitation can be reduced. As a result, the amount of sludge generated by treating waste water containing fluorine and silicon can be reduced as a whole compared to the conventional case.
- the reaction for precipitating sodium silicofluoride is as follows. SiF 6 2 + 2NaOH ⁇ Na 2 SiF 6 + 2OH ⁇ Therefore, the deposit per 1 mol of fluoric acid is 1 mol (188 g) of sodium silicofluoride, which is smaller than the case of adding calcium. Further, since the dehydrated sludge of silica generally has a higher water content than the dehydrated sludge of sodium silicofluoride, the difference in production amount is further increased with wet weight.
- an alkaline sodium compound in an amount equal to or more than an equivalent amount to the fluoric acid in the waste water.
- fluoric acid when silicon is insufficient than fluorine, sodium for neutralizing fluorine is required. According to this configuration, fluorine can be neutralized to increase the amount of sodium silicofluoride deposited.
- the first step it is preferable to add an alkaline sodium compound so that the pH of the waste water is 3 or more and 6 or less.
- the amount of sodium silicofluoride deposited can be increased.
- the precipitation amount of silica and calcium fluoride can be suppressed, that is, the amount of sludge to be generated can be reduced as a whole.
- the silicon in the waste water before performing the first step has a content of less than equivalent to fluorine as SiF 6
- the silicon is equivalent to fluorine as SiF 6
- a wastewater treatment facility for coagulating and precipitating a wastewater containing fluorine and silicon to add a calcium compound to the wastewater, wherein an alkaline sodium compound is added to the wastewater.
- a second removal means for separating and removing the precipitated calcium fluoride and silicon compound (for example, silica) by solid-liquid separation. It is.
- silicon and fluorine as sodium silicofluoride (Na 2 SiF 6 ) in the previous stage, it is possible to reduce the amount of sludge to be generated as a whole as compared with the prior art.
- silicon has a high water content even when dehydrated in the case of silica (SiO 2 ), and also has oxygen bonded thereto, but sodium silicofluoride is advantageous in any aspect.
- fluorine in the case of sodium silicofluoride, fluorine can be precipitated with a smaller amount of chemicals than in the case of calcium fluoride, so the amount of sludge can be reduced.
- the pH of the waste water is adjusted to 3 or more and 6 or less by adding an alkaline sodium compound.
- the amount of sodium silicofluoride deposited can be increased.
- the precipitation amount of silica and calcium fluoride can be suppressed, that is, the amount of sludge to be generated can be reduced as a whole.
- the amount of silica (SiO 2 ) deposited (formation amount) by adding an alkaline sodium compound first to wastewater containing fluorine and silicon, and precipitating sodium silicofluoride, according to the present invention, And the precipitation amount (production amount) of calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) can both be suppressed to a low level.
- the amount of sludge generated by treating the waste water containing fluorine and silicon can be reduced as a whole as compared with the prior art.
- Fukkei acid H 2 SiF 6
- Fukkei acid H 2 SiF 6
- H 2 SiF 6 is a graph showing the pH of the waste water when done with the addition of NaOH 1% of the waste water, the results of measuring the concentration of fluorine and silicon in the filtrate.
- FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram showing an embodiment of a waste water treatment method (a waste water treatment method containing fluorine and silicon) according to the present invention.
- a wastewater treatment facility 100 for carrying out the treatment method according to the present invention includes a first reaction tank 1, a first precipitation tank 2, a second reaction tank 3 in order from the upstream side of the treatment process, And a second settling tank 4.
- the 1st reaction tank 1, the 1st precipitation tank 2, the 2nd reaction tank 3, and the 2nd precipitation tank 4 are mutually connected by piping etc., respectively.
- the first reaction tank 1 is equipped with a stirrer 1a
- the second reaction tank 3 is equipped with a stirrer 3a.
- the 1st reaction tank 1, the 1st precipitation tank 2, the 2nd reaction tank 3, and the 2nd precipitation tank 4 are respectively the 1st precipitation means, the 1st removal means, the 2nd of the waste water treatment equipment which concerns on this invention. It corresponds to the precipitation means and the second removal means.
- the first step to the second step described below correspond to the pretreatment method for waste water containing fluorine and silicon according to the present invention.
- wastewater containing fluorine and silicon which is the object of treatment, is usually acidic (acidic wastewater). Under acidic conditions, fluorine in the wastewater reacts with silicon and exists as fluoric acid (H 2 SiF 6 ). To do.
- First step (alkaline sodium addition step)
- sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to waste water containing fluorine and silicon (raw water, acidic) to precipitate sodium silicofluoride (Na 2 SiF 6 ).
- waste water (raw water) containing fluorine and silicon is supplied to the first reaction tank 1, and a sodium hydroxide solution is added to the first reaction tank 1, and the waste water is stirred by the stirrer 1a. .
- the alkali added to the waste water (raw water) containing fluorine and silicon may be an alkaline sodium compound, and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) is used as the alkaline sodium compound instead of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). ) May be added.
- step (first removal step)) sodium silicofluoride precipitated in the first step is removed by solid-liquid separation.
- the waste water sufficiently stirred in the first reaction tank 1 is sent to the first sedimentation tank 2 to precipitate sodium silicofluoride sludge on the tank bottom, and then the sodium silicofluoride sludge is extracted from the tank bottom (discharged outside the system).
- the first step and the second step (pretreatment) are the first stage aggregation and precipitation treatment.
- a filtration apparatus a centrifuge, a centrifuge + filtration apparatus, a filter press etc.
- a 1st removal means which carries out solid-liquid separation and removes the precipitated sodium silicofluoride.
- the calcium compound added to the liquid (drainage) from the 1st sedimentation tank 2 should just be an alkaline calcium compound, and calcium carbonate etc. are hydroxylated with respect to the liquid (drainage) from the 1st sedimentation tank 2. You may add instead of calcium.
- the fourth step In the fourth step, calcium fluoride and silica deposited in the third step are removed by solid-liquid separation.
- the liquid (drainage) sufficiently stirred in the second reaction tank 3 is sent to the second settling tank 4 to precipitate sludge containing calcium fluoride and silica on the tank bottom, and then the sludge is extracted from the tank bottom (system). Discharge outside).
- the third step and the fourth step (post-treatment) are the second stage coagulation sedimentation treatment.
- the sludge containing calcium fluoride and silica and the sodium silicofluoride sludge extracted from the tank bottom of the first sedimentation tank 2 in the second step are subjected to industrial waste treatment, for example.
- silicon (SiO 2 ) is precipitated as sodium silicofluoride (Na 2 SiF 6 ) in the preceding stage (second step), so that silica (SiO 2) having a high water content even after dehydration.
- Precipitation amount (production amount) and calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) precipitation amount (generation amount) (deposition in the fourth step in the subsequent stage) can be suppressed to a small amount.
- sodium silicofluoride is composed of sodium, silicon and fluorine, and unlike silica, oxygen is not bonded. Therefore, even when compared by dry weight, the amount of precipitation can be reduced.
- the reaction for precipitating sodium silicofluoride is as follows. SiF 6 2 + 2NaOH ⁇ Na 2 SiF 6 + 2OH ⁇ Therefore, the deposit per 1 mol of fluoric acid is 1 mol (188 g) of sodium silicofluoride, which is smaller than the case of adding calcium. Further, since the dehydrated sludge of silica generally has a higher water content than the dehydrated sludge of sodium silicofluoride, the difference in production amount is further increased with wet weight.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of measuring the concentrations of fluorine and silicon in the liquid after separation.
- both the fluorine concentration and the silicon concentration are lower than the initial wastewater (pH: 2). This is because fluorine and silicon are precipitated in the waste water as sodium silicofluoride (Na 2 SiF 6 ), so that the fluorine and silicon released in the waste water are reduced by filtration.
- Table 1 shows that wastewater with a fluorine concentration of 5.5% and a silicon concentration of 1.4% was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as Na with respect to the fluoric acid (H 2 SiF 6 ) in the wastewater.
- equivalents of sodium silicofluoride was added (Na 2 SiF 6) is deposited, a table showing the quality analysis result of the process water in the case of solid-liquid separating the waste water.
- the equivalent means a molar equivalent.
- Table 2 shows the amount of sodium hydrofluoride precipitated and removed (first and second steps) by adding an equivalent amount of sodium hydroxide as Na to the hydrofluoric acid (H 2 SiF 6 ) in the wastewater, and then hydroxylated.
- Sludge when coagulation sedimentation process (3rd and 4th steps) by adding calcium (pretreatment combination) and when coagulation sedimentation process by adding calcium hydroxide to wastewater only (direct Ca coagulation) It is a table
- the fluorine concentration and silicon concentration in the waste water (raw water) were 5.5% and 1.4%, respectively.
- the amount of treated wastewater was 1 m 3 .
- the sludge generation amount (generated amount) could be reduced to about 1 ⁇ 2 by combining Na precipitation (sodium addition treatment) and Ca precipitation (calcium addition treatment).
- Table 3 shows the results of comparative experiments between the case where the sodium compound added to the waste water (raw water) containing fluorine and silicon is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl).
- sodium silicofluoride is precipitated by adding an equivalent amount of chemical as Na to fluoric acid (H 2 SiF 6 ) in the waste water (raw water).
- the amount of sodium silicofluoride deposited is greater when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to wastewater (raw water) containing fluorine and silicon.
- an alkaline sodium compound equivalent to or more than the equivalent amount of fluoric acid in the waste water it is preferable to add an alkaline sodium compound equivalent to or more than the equivalent amount of fluoric acid in the waste water.
- silicon is included in an amount equivalent to or more than fluorine as fluoric acid
- the amount of sodium added may be equivalent to fluoric acid, but if silicon is insufficient as fluorine as fluoric acid, neutralize fluorine. Sodium is required to do so.
- an alkaline sodium compound equal to or more than an equivalent amount to the hydrofluoric acid in the wastewater, the fluorine can be neutralized to increase the pH and the amount of sodium silicofluoride deposited can be increased.
- drain in a 1st process is 4-6, Furthermore, it is preferable that it is 4-5. The more preferable pH adjustment range is 4-5. is there.
- silicon in the waste water before performing the first step is less than the equivalent of fluorine as SiF 6 , the waste water before performing the first step so that silicon is equivalent to fluorine as SiF 6 It is preferable to add a silicon compound such as sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ).
- Table 4 shows that after adding sodium silicate to the waste water before the first step so that silicon is equivalent to fluorine as SiF 6 , sodium silicofluoride is precipitated and removed by performing the first and second steps. Thereafter, sludge generation amount (g-sludge generation) when the third and fourth steps are performed (pretreatment combination) and when only the coagulation sedimentation treatment in which calcium is added to the wastewater (direct Ca coagulation) is performed. It is a table
- a first reaction tank 1 to which an apparatus for adding acid (not shown) is further attached is given. be able to.
- the reaction tank a fluoric acid production tank (equivalent to a fluoric acid production
- the reaction tank similar to the 1st reaction tank 1 (tank provided with a stirrer) is provided in the upstream of the 1st reaction tank 1 shown in FIG.
- an acid such as hydrochloric acid may be added to the reaction tank (fluoric acid production tank).
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Abstract
Description
SiF6 2-+ 3Ca(OH)2 → 3CaF2 + SiO2 + 2H2O + 2OH-
従って、フッケイ酸1mol当たりの析出物は、フッ化カルシウム3mol(234g)とシリカ1mol(60g)の合計で、294gとなる。
SiF6 2- + 2NaOH → Na2SiF6 + 2OH-
従って、フッケイ酸1mol当たりの析出物は、ケイフッ化ナトリウム1mol(188g)となり、カルシウム添加の場合に比べて少なくなる。また、シリカの脱水汚泥はケイフッ化ナトリウムの脱水汚泥と比較して一般に含水率が高いため、湿重量ではさらに生成量の差が大きくなる。
フッ素およびケイ素を含む排水が中性またはアルカリ性の場合は、当該排水に塩酸などの酸を加えて排水を一旦酸性にすることによりフッケイ酸を生成させ、その後、前記した処理を適用する。これにより、処理対象であるフッ素およびケイ素を含む排水が中性またはアルカリ性であっても、生成する汚泥の量を削減することができる。
フッ素およびケイ素を含む排水が中性またはアルカリ性の場合は、当該排水に塩酸などの酸を加えて排水を一旦酸性にすることによりフッケイ酸を生成させ、その後、前記第1手段において、当該排水にアルカリ性ナトリウム化合物を添加してケイフッ化ナトリウムを析出させる。これにより、処理対象であるフッ素およびケイ素を含む排水が中性またはアルカリ性であっても、生成する汚泥の量を削減することができる。
第1工程では、フッ素およびケイ素を含む排水(原水、酸性)に水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)を添加してケイフッ化ナトリウム(Na2SiF6)を析出させる。図1に示したように、フッ素およびケイ素を含む排水(原水)を第1反応槽1に供給するとともに、水酸化ナトリウム溶液を第1反応槽1に投入して、攪拌機1aで排水を攪拌する。
第2工程では、第1工程により析出したケイフッ化ナトリウムを固液分離して除去する。第1反応槽1で十分に攪拌された排水を第1沈殿槽2に送り、ケイフッ化ナトリウム汚泥を槽底に沈殿させた後、槽底からケイフッ化ナトリウム汚泥を抜き出す(系外に排出する)。第1工程と第2工程と(前処理)が1段目の凝集沈殿処理である。
第3工程では、第2工程によりケイフッ化ナトリウムが除去された排水に水酸化カルシウム(Ca(OH)2)を添加してフッ化カルシウム(CaF2)およびシリカ(SiO2)を析出させる。第1沈殿槽2からの液体(排水)を第2反応槽3に送るとともに、水酸化カルシウム溶液を第2反応槽3に投入して、攪拌機3aで排水を攪拌する。
第4工程では、第3工程により析出したフッ化カルシウムおよびシリカを固液分離して除去する。第2反応槽3で十分に攪拌された液体(排水)を第2沈殿槽4に送り、フッ化カルシウムおよびシリカを含有する汚泥を槽底に沈殿させた後、槽底から汚泥を抜き出す(系外に排出する)。第3工程と第4工程と(後処理)が2段目の凝集沈殿処理である。フッ化カルシウムおよびシリカを含有する汚泥と、第2工程において第1沈殿槽2の槽底から抜き出されたケイフッ化ナトリウム汚泥とは、例えば産廃処理されることになる。
カルシウム添加によるフッ素の凝集沈殿処理の場合、次式の反応にてフッ化カルシウムとシリカが析出する。
SiF6 2-+ 3Ca(OH)2 → 3CaF2 + SiO2 + 2H2O + 2OH-
従って、フッケイ酸1mol当たりの析出物は、フッ化カルシウム3mol(234g)とシリカ1mol(60g)の合計で、294gとなる。
SiF6 2- + 2NaOH → Na2SiF6 + 2OH-
従って、フッケイ酸1mol当たりの析出物は、ケイフッ化ナトリウム1mol(188g)となり、カルシウム添加の場合に比べて少なくなる。また、シリカの脱水汚泥はケイフッ化ナトリウムの脱水汚泥と比較して一般に含水率が高いため、湿重量ではさらに生成量の差が大きくなる。
フッケイ酸(H2SiF6)が1%の排水(原水)に水酸化ナトリウム溶液(NaOH)を添加していったときの排水のpHと、ろ液(NaOH添加・攪拌後の排水を固液分離したあとの液体)中のフッ素およびケイ素の濃度とを測定した結果を図2に示す。
第1工程を行う前の排水中のケイ素がSiF6としてフッ素に対して当量未満の含有量であった場合、ケイ素がSiF6としてフッ素と当量になるように、第1工程を行う前の排水にケイ素化合物、例えば、ケイ酸ナトリウム(Na2SiO3)を添加することが好ましい。
前記した実施形態では、フッ素およびケイ素を含む処理前の排水が酸性であることを前提としている。フッ素およびケイ素を含む処理前の排水が中性またはアルカリ性である場合には、当該排水に塩酸などの酸を加えて一旦酸性とすることでフッケイ酸を生成させた後、第1反応槽1においてアルカリ性ナトリウム化合物を添加してケイフッ化ナトリウムを析出させる。以降の処理工程は、前記した第2~第4工程のとおりである。
2:第1沈殿槽
3:第2反応槽
4:第2沈殿槽
100:排水処理設備
Claims (8)
- フッ素およびケイ素を含む排水にカルシウム化合物を添加して当該排水を凝集沈殿処理する排水処理の前処理方法であって、
前記排水にアルカリ性ナトリウム化合物を添加してケイフッ化ナトリウムを析出させる第1工程と、
前記第1工程により析出したケイフッ化ナトリウムを固液分離して除去する第2工程と、
を備える、フッ素およびケイ素を含む排水の前処理方法。 - 前記第1工程において、前記排水中のフッケイ酸に対して当量以上のアルカリ性ナトリウム化合物を添加することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のフッ素およびケイ素を含む排水の前処理方法。
- 前記第1工程において、前記排水のpHが3以上6以下となるようにアルカリ性ナトリウム化合物を添加することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のフッ素およびケイ素を含む排水の前処理方法。
- 前記第1工程を行う前の前記排水中のケイ素がSiF6としてフッ素に対して当量未満の含有量であった場合、ケイ素がSiF6としてフッ素と当量になるように、前記第1工程を行う前の前記排水にケイ素化合物を添加することを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のフッ素およびケイ素を含む排水の前処理方法。
- フッ素およびケイ素を含む中性またはアルカリ性の排水に酸を加えて酸性とすることでフッケイ酸を生成させた後、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の処理を行うことを特徴とする、排水の前処理方法。
- フッ素およびケイ素を含む排水にカルシウム化合物を添加して当該排水を凝集沈殿処理するための排水処理設備であって、
前記排水にアルカリ性ナトリウム化合物を添加してケイフッ化ナトリウムを析出させる第1析出手段と、
前記第1析出手段の下流側に設置され、析出した前記ケイフッ化ナトリウムを固液分離して除去する第1除去手段と、
前記第1除去手段の下流側に設置され、当該第1除去手段からの分離液にカルシウム化合物を添加してフッ化カルシウムおよびケイ素化合物を析出させる第2析出手段と、
前記第2析出手段の下流側に設置され、析出した前記フッ化カルシウムおよびケイ素化合物を固液分離して除去する第2除去手段と、
を備える、排水処理設備。 - 前記第1析出手段において、アルカリ性ナトリウム化合物の添加により前記排水のpHが3以上6以下に調整されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の排水処理設備。
- フッ素およびケイ素を含む中性またはアルカリ性の排水に酸を加えて酸性とすることでフッケイ酸を生成させた後、前記第1析出手段において、当該排水にアルカリ性ナトリウム化合物を添加してケイフッ化ナトリウムを析出させることを特徴とする、請求項6または7に記載の排水処理設備。
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