WO2011059101A1 - 光触媒コーティング - Google Patents
光触媒コーティング Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011059101A1 WO2011059101A1 PCT/JP2010/070410 JP2010070410W WO2011059101A1 WO 2011059101 A1 WO2011059101 A1 WO 2011059101A1 JP 2010070410 W JP2010070410 W JP 2010070410W WO 2011059101 A1 WO2011059101 A1 WO 2011059101A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- titanium oxide
- silane coupling
- acrylic
- photocatalyst
- coupling agent
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 72
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 35
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 14
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 8
- -1 polyorganosiloxane Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRKPGWQEKNEVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)pentan-2-imine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN=C(C)CC(C)C PRKPGWQEKNEVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- WHGNXNCOTZPEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 WHGNXNCOTZPEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MASNVFNHVJIXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(ethoxy)silicon Chemical compound CCO[Si]C=C MASNVFNHVJIXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004658 ketimines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCNCCN MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZGIOLNCNORPKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCNCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HZGIOLNCNORPKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007540 photo-reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BYOIQYHAYWYSCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxysilane Chemical compound [SiH3]OCC=C BYOIQYHAYWYSCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1606—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the anti-fouling agent
- C09D5/1612—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09D5/1618—Non-macromolecular compounds inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1693—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints as part of a multilayer system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photocatalytic structure for coating the surface of a substrate made of an organic material, and a method for constructing such a structure.
- the surface of the substrate with photocatalyst is activated by irradiation with light such as ultraviolet rays, and the active oxygen generated on the surface oxidizes and decomposes organic substances, etc., and the surface becomes hydrophilic. It has the function of.
- the organic material itself is deteriorated by the active oxygen on the surface of the base material made of the organic material, it cannot be directly coated on the surface.
- the photocatalyst is an inorganic material such as titanium oxide, it is usually difficult to fix the photocatalyst to the surface of the base material made of an organic material. Therefore, a weather resistant layer, an organic-inorganic composite gradient film, and a photocatalytic material layer are sequentially formed on the surface of the substrate (for example, Patent Document 1).
- silicon compounds such as water glass, colloidal silica, polyorganosiloxane, phosphates such as zinc phosphate and aluminum phosphate, heavy phosphates, inorganic binders such as cement, fluorine polymers, silicone polymers
- a hydrophobic / water-repellent silicone resin coating is applied to the substrate surface, and the resulting coating surface is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment by irradiating ultraviolet rays, or a hydrophilic silicone resin coating is applied.
- a hydrophilic silicone resin layer comprising a silicone resin film having a contact angle with water of 20 ° or less
- an aqueous photocatalyst coating agent containing photocatalyst particles and a metal oxide binder is applied on the resin layer.
- it has been proposed to produce a photocatalyst by heating or irradiating the obtained photocatalyst layer with ultraviolet rays for example, Patent Document 3).
- each cell receives a lot of light and is installed outdoors, but since the amount of power generation per cell is not necessarily large, a large area in which many cells are spread is required. . Since each cell itself deteriorates when exposed to an outdoor environment, a protective member (for example, glass) that can transmit necessary sunlight is required. However, the surface of the protective member is easily soiled due to the outdoor environment, which causes a problem that the transmittance of sunlight is decreased due to the soiling, and the power generation efficiency is decreased.
- a protective member for example, glass
- the outermost surface side of the semiconductor element to be a cell is covered with a protective member, and a heat dissipation layer is provided on the outermost surface side, and the protective member surface absorbs ultraviolet rays and carries inorganic oxide particles having a photocatalytic function.
- a semiconductor device that improves hydrophilicity has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 4).
- a weather-resistant layer, an organic-inorganic composite gradient film, and a photocatalytic material layer complicates the structure, causes problems in quality stability, and costs high.
- a base material (glass plate) of a binder such as a silane coupling agent or a fluorine-based polymer that is directly bonded to titanium oxide. Therefore, it is not always effective when titanium oxide is bonded to a different material.
- the method of applying photocatalyst particles or the like on the hydrophilic silicone resin layer complicates the process and is not suitable for outdoor application. Therefore, it cannot be said that the photocatalyst having an effective antifouling function is sufficient for application to solar power generation.
- the fixing method according to the conventional method as described above is not necessarily effective. Therefore, in order to adapt such a photocatalyst, it is necessary to propose a preferable fixing method including matching with the material of the base material. In addition, it is not preferable to create a special surface layer through a complicated process on a large area outdoors, so a simple photocatalyst deposition method is required.
- the present inventor has conducted extensive research and found an optimal photocatalyst fixing method for a substrate exhibiting water repellency.
- a predetermined amount of a preferable predetermined compound to a coating composition containing a photocatalyst, the coating composition is directly applied to the surface of a water-repellent substrate and dried to form a very strong photocatalytic layer. Succeeded in doing.
- a photocatalytic layer comprising an acrylic base material, a silica layer mainly composed of silica formed on the surface thereof, and titanium oxide particles dispersed in a silica matrix formed thereon.
- An antifouling acrylic plate comprising a bonding layer made of a silane coupling agent between the surface of the acrylic base and the silica layer. can do.
- the acrylic base material may include a translucent base material made of acrylic resin and a translucent base material made of polycarbonate.
- the acrylic resin is a polymer of acrylic acid ester or methacrylic acid ester, and is an amorphous synthetic resin with high transparency.
- a transparent solid material made of polymethyl methacrylate resin (abbreviated as PMMA) may be included.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate resin
- Polycarbonate is a kind of thermoplastic plastic, and the joint between monomer units may be composed of a carbonate group.
- the silica layer mentioned above should just be provided with the function to make the titanium oxide particle which has a photocatalyst function adhere to the surface of a base material.
- the photocatalyst layer may include titanium oxide particles that are at least partially exposed from silica as a matrix.
- the tie layer includes a first composition containing titanium oxide dispersed particles having an average primary particle size of 5 to 50 nm and an average dispersed particle size of 10 to 100 nm and a polymer dispersant in an aqueous solvent, and alkoxysilane hydrolysis.
- a mixed composition containing a second composition containing a polycondensate and a silane coupling agent and having a pH value in the range of pH 5 to 9 is applied to the surface of the acrylic substrate.
- the antifouling acrylic plate according to any one of (1) to (3) above can be provided.
- the total thickness of the silica layer and the photocatalyst layer is 100 nm or less, and the titanium oxide particles of the photocatalyst layer are fixed in a state close to isolated dispersion, from the above (1) to (5 )
- the antifouling acrylic plate described in any one of the above can be provided.
- a weather-resistant solar cell using the antifouling acrylic plate described in any one of (1) to (6) above as a protective cover can be provided.
- a titanium oxide particle-dispersed aqueous solution by adding titanium oxide powder and a polymer dispersant to water
- a step of preparing a mixed solution a step of further mixing a silane coupling agent in the mixed solution to adjust an adhesive photocatalyst coating to the acrylic substrate, and a step of preparing the photocatalyst coating on the surface of the acrylic substrate. And a coating method.
- the photocatalyst coating liquid for forming the photocatalyst layer comprises: a first composition containing titanium oxide dispersed particles having an average primary particle size of 5 to 50 nm and an average dispersed particle size of 10 to 100 nm; and a polymer dispersant in an aqueous solvent; A mixed composition comprising a second composition containing a silane hydrolysis polycondensate and a silane coupling agent, wherein the pH value is in the range of pH 5-9.
- the average particle size of the titanium oxide particles is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 30 nm or less, and further preferably 10 nm or less.
- the average particle diameter is preferably 1 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, and further preferably 30 nm or more.
- the average particle diameter can be defined as follows, for example.
- the particle diameter can be defined as the diameter of a sphere with an equivalent sedimentation velocity in the measurement by the sedimentation method, and as the diameter of a sphere with an equivalent scattering property in the laser scattering method.
- the particle size distribution is referred to as particle size (particle size) distribution.
- the particle size when the sum of masses larger than a certain particle size occupies 50% of the total powder is defined as the average particle size D50.
- these definitions and terms are both well known to those skilled in the art. For example, JISZ8901 “Test Powder and Test Particles” or “Basic Properties of Powder” (ISBN4-526-05544) edited by the Society of Powder Technology It is described in documents such as Chapter 1 of 1).
- the integrated frequency distribution in terms of volume with respect to the particle diameter can be measured using a laser scattering type measuring device, but since the density is substantially constant, the volume conversion and the weight conversion distribution are the same. The particle diameter corresponding to 50% in this integrated (cumulative) frequency distribution can be obtained and used as the average particle diameter D50.
- the average particle size is based on the median value (D50) of the particle size distribution measured by the particle size distribution measuring means by the laser scattering method described above.
- D50 median value of the particle size distribution measured by the particle size distribution measuring means by the laser scattering method described above.
- Various means other than those described above have been developed to determine the average particle diameter, and there are still some differences in the measured values. The significance is clear and is not necessarily limited to the above means.
- the titanium oxide dispersion aqueous solution is prepared using a titanium oxide powder and a polymer dispersant as raw materials.
- a titanium oxide powder for example, P25 manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. can be suitably used.
- the polymer dispersant a polymer dispersant of a type utilizing steric repulsion is preferably used.
- a polymer dispersant mainly composed of an alkylamine salt of polycarboxylic acid is effective in preventing pigment settling and hard cake, and also has a dispersion effect in low-viscosity systems such as aqueous stains. .
- a dispersant comprising an alkylol ammonium salt having an acid group which is a polymer dispersant mainly composed of an alkylammonium salt of a block copolymer containing an acid group (for example, trade name Disperbyk- sold by Big Chemie Japan) 180), titanium oxide and inorganic pigments are remarkably effective, the viscosity of the mill base is lowered, the paint can be made low in VOC, and both acidic and basic pigments are effective.
- a dispersant comprising an aqueous solution of a high molecular weight block copolymer having a group having affinity for a pigment, which constitutes a polymer dispersant mainly composed of a block copolymer having affinity for the pigment (for example, Big Chemie The product name Disperbyk-190) sold by Japan Co., Ltd. has a remarkable effect on pigment concentrates that do not contain a dispersion resin or co-solvent, and can be used to design pigment concentrates with excellent storage stability. It is also effective.
- the amount of the polymer dispersant used is preferably 10% by weight or more based on the weight of the titanium oxide powder, and preferably 30% by weight or more depending on the conditions, considering the dispersion effect.
- the photocatalytic function per unit weight it is preferably 100% by weight or less based on the weight of the titanium oxide powder, and preferably 60% by weight or less depending on the conditions.
- This titanium oxide dispersion aqueous solution is prepared by dispersing and stabilizing using a disperser, preferably a bead mill disperser.
- the alkoxysilane hydrolysis polycondensate solution used when producing the photocatalyst coating liquid of the present invention is obtained by hydrolyzing and polycondensing alkoxysilanes.
- alkoxysilanes used in this case Preferably following General formula (1) RxSi (OR) 4-x (1) (Wherein, R is a substituent selected from an alkyl group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, etc., and may be the same or different from each other) More preferably, in the alkoxysilane represented by the general formula (1), the substituent R is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group.
- alkoxysilanes only 1 type can be used independently, it can also be used as a mixture of 2 or more types, and also it can be used as a low condensate obtained by partial hydrolysis. You can also.
- the method for obtaining an alkoxysilane hydrolyzed polycondensate solution consisting of a water / alcohol mixed solution of the alkoxysilane hydrolyzed polycondensate by hydrolyzing and polycondensing the above alkoxysilanes is not particularly limited, For example, it is produced by causing hydrolysis and polycondensation of an alkoxysilane by causing a sol-gel reaction using an acid or aluminum alkoxide as a catalyst.
- the silane coupling agent is an organosilicon compound having a functional group reactively bonded to an organic material and a functional group reactively bonded to an inorganic material in the molecule, such as Y—R—Si— (X) 3 . It is expressed in Y is a functional group reactively bonded to an organic material, and a vinyl group, an epoxy group, an amino group and the like are typical examples.
- X is a functional group that reacts with the inorganic material, hydrolyzes with water or moisture to produce silanol, and reacts with the inorganic material.
- Typical examples of X generally include an alkoxy group, an acetoxy group, a chloro atom, and the like.
- silane coupling agents include vinyl-based vinylmethoxysilane and vinylethoxysilane, and amino-based N- (2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
- the organic amines are not particularly limited as long as they are capable of preventing gelation and exhibiting the action as a stabilizer when the titanium oxide dispersion aqueous solution and the alkoxysilane hydrolyzed polycondensate solution are mixed.
- trimethylamine, triethylamine And tertiary amines such as triethanolamine, and quaternary ammonium hydroxides such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH), and trimethylethanolammonium hydroxide (choline).
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- TEAH tetraethylammonium hydroxide
- choline trimethylethanolammonium hydroxide
- Tertiary amines are preferred.
- About these organic amines only 1 type can be used independently, and also it can also be used as a mixture of 2 or more types as needed.
- the silver particles to be contained in the composition of the photocatalyst coating liquid are preferably fine particles of 10 nm or less that are uniformly dispersed in the composition, and the content of the silver particles in the composition is formed.
- it is usually about 5 to 6% by weight or less, preferably about 2% by weight or less.
- various silver particle addition methods such as adding a commercially available product or separately prepared silver colloid can be selected, and are not particularly limited. Even if it is added to the titanium oxide dispersion aqueous solution during the preparation of the photocatalyst coating solution, or added to the alkoxysilane hydrolyzed polycondensate solution, these titanium oxide dispersed aqueous solution and alkoxysilane hydrolyzed polycondensation are also available. You may divide and add to both of a physical solution suitably.
- the method of adding the silver particles to the titanium oxide dispersed aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but the photocatalytic activity is increased by generating silver particles on the surface of the titanium oxide particles to increase the charge separation efficiency.
- aqueous solution Utilizing the existing polymeric dispersant as a reducing agent can be exemplified needed to reduce silver ions is subjected to heating or the like, if a method such as to produce silver particles near the surface of titanium oxide.
- photocatalytic activity is enhanced by forming silver particles near the surface of titanium oxide particles or near the surface of titanium oxide particles by such a method of reducing silver nitrate. Occurs.
- the photocatalyst coating liquid of the present invention is (A) even if the dispersion medium is an aqueous medium and contains an organic solvent, it is of the order of ethanol, is close to neutral, has excellent handleability, and is given to the substrate and the environment. (B) The titanium oxide particles in the photocatalyst coating solution are stabilized with a dispersed particle size of 100 nm or less, so that the titanium oxide particles are uniformly dispersed in the film with a dispersed particle size of 100 nm or less during film formation. As a result, the titanium oxide particles are immobilized in the silica coating as close to isolated dispersion as possible, and exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity.
- the silica-based film of the matrix is about half a day at room temperature. Since it hardens, construction on site is possible and easy.
- D If the titanium oxide dispersion aqueous solution of the photocatalyst coating solution and the alkoxysilane hydrolysis polycondensate solution are stored separately, The titanium oxide particles are dispersed and stabilized in the titanium oxide dispersion aqueous solution for a long time without settling, and the alkoxysilane hydrolyzed polycondensate solution as the matrix component is also stable for a long time without gelation. It can be stored for a long period of one year or more, and even when both solutions are mixed, it is stable without gelling for up to about one week. It has excellent features such as excellent (E) ability to form a film in accordance with the wettability of the substrate to be coated, and wide substrate adaptability.
- the photocatalyst coating liquid described above is made of metal, glass, ceramics, plastics, wood, stone, cement, concrete, a combination thereof, or a laminate thereof, and is required to have antifouling and / or antibacterial properties.
- a photocatalytically active composite material can be formed by applying to the surface of any substrate and forming a predetermined photocatalyst coating film on the surface of the substrate.
- the uniform dispersible photocatalyst coating liquid of the present invention can be used to change the alcohol concentration in the aqueous solvent, or to add a surfactant, a silane coupling agent, etc. in order to match the wettability of the substrate to be coated. Can be added.
- the silane coupling agent as described above is effective for a resin such as polycarbonate.
- the method of applying the photocatalyst coating liquid as described above to the surface of the substrate is not particularly limited, but the photocatalyst coating film formed on the surface of the substrate is transparent and durable.
- the spray coating method is preferable, and the spray coating machine to be used is preferably a low pressure spray machine with high coating efficiency.
- the spray conditions the nozzle diameter, spray distance, and operation speed are optimized, and the spray amount is preferably about 10 to 100 cm 3 / m 2 .
- the photocatalyst coating film formed on the surface of the substrate is basically based on a single layer, but when the substrate has an organic material that tends to deteriorate or a surface with many irregularities, If necessary, as a protective layer or a smoothing layer, the first layer may be a silica coating film coated with an alkoxysilane hydrolyzed polycondensate, and the second layer may be the photocatalyst coating film of the present invention.
- titanium oxide dispersed particles having an average dispersed particle size of 10 to 100 nm are immobilized in a matrix state of the photocatalyst coating film in a state close to isolated dispersion, and visible light is scattered.
- the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of all the titanium oxide particles present in the same coating cross-section is increased while maintaining transparency without any photocatalytic activity (antifouling). Effect and / or antibacterial properties).
- the photocatalyst layer or photocatalyst coating thus obtained is firmly adhered to the water-repellent resin surface and has excellent weather resistance.
- the photocatalyst coating liquid used is excellent in dispersion stability, is excellent in handleability without giving a load to the environment, and is applied to the surface of the base material.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an antifouling acrylic plate of the present invention.
- a silica layer 2 mainly composed of silica is formed on a polycarbonate 4 as a base material via a bonding layer 3, and a photocatalytic layer 1 in which titanium oxide particles are dispersed is formed thereon.
- the bonding layer 3 is shown to be thick, in practice, since it is formed extremely thin on the surface of each silica particle constituting the silica layer 3, it cannot be substantially seen.
- the tie layer does not exist on the polycarbonate 4 as a homogeneous layer. The mechanism of the bonding layer will be described later.
- Titanium oxide powder with an average primary particle size of 21 nm (Nippon Aerosil P25) and a polymeric dispersant of the type utilizing steric repulsion (trade name: Disperbyk-180 sold by Big Chemie Japan) were added to water, Using a bead mill disperser, a titanium oxide particle-dispersed aqueous solution having an average dispersed particle size of 80 nm and a particle concentration of 30% by weight was prepared. This liquid was confirmed to be dispersed and stabilized without precipitation of titanium oxide particles even after a year or more at room temperature. The average dispersed particle size in the liquid was confirmed using a light scattering particle size distribution meter.
- Tetraethoxysilane was used as alkoxysilanes and hydrolyzed and polycondensed using nitric acid as a catalyst to prepare a tetraethoxysilane hydrolyzed polycondensate solution consisting of a water / ethanol mixed solution having a solid content concentration of 3% by weight. This tetraethoxysilane hydrolyzed polycondensate solution was confirmed to be stable for 1 year or more at room temperature and to be cured by room temperature drying for about half a day.
- Polycarbonate generally has the following chemical formula and is excellent in transparency, impact resistance, heat resistance, flame retardancy, and the like.
- the surface is water-repellent.
- the silane coupling agent is bonded with hydrogen and / or dehydration on the surface of the silica forming the silica layer.
- the functional group Y to be bonded is fixed by a chemical reaction or the like (see FIG. 10). In this way, the silica and polycarbonate surfaces are bonded together by a bonding film having a very thin surface rather than a gradient material.
- the photocatalyst coating liquid of Experimental Example 7 was coated to a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m on one side of a polycarbonate plate (model number PS600, manufactured by Takiron Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of about 1 mm and 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm by spray coating. This was kept horizontal and dried at room temperature for about half a day to form a photocatalytic coating.
- Two polycarbonate plates with a coating film thus obtained were prepared, and one polycarbonate plate itself was prepared as a control, and each was adhered with a mixture of oil / carbon black. Furthermore, as a control, a polycarbonate plate that was not soiled and a polycarbonate plate with a coating film were also prepared.
- the two stained polycarbonate plates with a coating film were sealed with a sealing material (there is almost no air intrusion) and opened, and a sunshine weather meter (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., model number: WEL-7XS-) LHP.B.EC) for 300 hours.
- the light source is a xenon arc light source defined in JIS K 7350-2-1995.
- the weathering test was also performed for 300 hours with a sunshine weather meter under open conditions.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of light and sunlight transmittance after the above-described weather resistance test.
- FIG. 2 shows the result of transmittance according to a normal measurement method.
- the unstained polycarbonate plate and the polycarbonate plate with a coating film show a high transmittance close to 90% at a wavelength of 400 nm or more. Although it was slightly absorbed by the coating, there was little difference.
- what was measured after the weathering test on the stained polycarbonate plate (without the coating film) had a low transmittance of about 60% at a wavelength of 450 nm or more, but the stained polycarbonate plate with the coating film was about 80 after the weathering test. There was a transmittance up to nearly%. It was slightly higher when there was no sealant.
- Fig. 3 shows the results of a measurement method that also collected scattered light using an integrating sphere.
- the stained polycarbonate plate with a coating film had substantially the same transmittance as the polycarbonate plate with a coating film that was not soiled after the weather resistance test. Therefore, the light is scattered and becomes slightly whitish, and the transmittance is lowered. However, if the light is not far away from the polycarbonate substrate, the scattered light is also usable light and is considered to contribute to the transmittance. For example, when used as a cover for a solar cell, the distance from the solar cell is short, so it is considered that a large amount of scattered light reaches the solar cell.
- 4 and 5 show the relative transmittance measured under sunlight in the same manner as in FIGS. The results were almost the same as in FIGS.
- FIG. 6 represents the spectral illuminance of the reference sunlight defined in JIS.
- the photocatalyst coating liquid of Experimental Example 7 was coated to a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m on one side of a polycarbonate plate (model number PS600, manufactured by Takiron Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of about 1 mm and 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm by spray coating.
- a polycarbonate plate with a coating film was prepared.
- the light-receiving surface (64 ⁇ 28 mm) of the solar cell was completely covered with this protective material, and irradiation was continued with a simulated solar light source (Model SS-301S manufactured by USHIO INC.) Having an intensity of 45 mW / cm 2 .
- the distance between the light-receiving surface of the solar cell and the protective material was about 2 mm.
- the surface temperature of the light receiving surface of the solar cell was measured with a thermocouple, and the open circuit voltage Voc and the short-circuit current Isc at 28 ° C. were measured with a multimeter.
- the characteristic test of the solar cell can be evaluated in the enclosed area by drawing a current / voltage curve as shown in FIG.
- the shape of the curve is close to a rectangle, it can be generally evaluated relatively by “short circuit current density isc ⁇ open circuit voltage Voc”. This time, it is not a test of the solar cell itself, it is unlikely that the shape of the current / voltage curve will change greatly with or without the protective material, and it is only necessary to know the relative changes in the short circuit current density isc and the open circuit voltage Voc. become.
- it is relative evaluation using the same photovoltaic cell it is possible to substitute the short-circuit current Isc instead of the short-circuit current density isc.
- the solar intensity rather than 100 mW / cm 2, at 45 mW / cm 2, at a temperature of 25 ° C. instead 28 ° C., rather than absolute evaluation, so that it is relative evaluation.
- the solar cell was made of polycrystalline silicone. For other types of solar cells, the results can vary slightly.
- the protective material is a polycarbonate plate (original plate), a polycarbonate plate with a coating film obtained by attaching a photocatalyst coating film (Experimental Example 7), and after being soiled with oil / carbon black, the weather resistance test described above is performed for 300 hours. The test was conducted, and the above-mentioned weather resistance test was conducted for 300 hours after the polycarbonate plate (original plate) was soiled with oil / carbon black.
- the protective material with photocatalyst after the weather resistance test was able to obtain the same voltage and current as the control original plate.
- the protective material without a photocatalyst significantly decreased both in voltage and current. From this, the antifouling function of the photocatalyst was confirmed.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a main part 10 of photovoltaic power generation.
- the protective material 14 covers the solar battery cell 12 from above.
- the protective material 14 is a polycarbonate excellent in impact resistance and strength. Since the surface 15 of the protective material 14 is installed outdoors, it is exposed to wind and rain, etc., and the above-described photocatalyst coating film (Experimental Example 7) is attached thereto. If it does in this way, the photocatalyst of the surface 15 will be activated by the light of the comparatively short high energy from the sunlight 20, and dirt will be oxidatively decomposed
- the surface becomes hydrophilic due to the effect of active oxygen, the cleaning effect due to rain or the like is enhanced.
- solar cells are usually installed with a slight tilt to the south, so a self-cleaning effect due to rain is expected.
- the transmittance of the protective material is sufficiently high, and there is not much influence of absorption of light energy due to photocatalysis.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows an example of an indoor vegetable garden using solar power generation.
- a protective material 14 made of polycarbonate and a photocatalyst on the surface 15 are disposed on the solar battery cell 12. Electricity is supplied through the lead wire 24 to the LED 22 disposed below by the light energy from the sunlight 20. Thereby, the plant 30 grows on the artificial soil 32. In this figure, the LED is placed immediately below. However, if the lead wire 24 is extended, for example, electricity from the photovoltaic power generation arranged on the roof can be provided to the LED 22 of the artificial vegetable garden arranged underground. This prevents abnormal warming due to sunlight in the city, and enables vegetable cultivation in the city.
- the range of the wavelength of light used by the photocatalyst is not often reduced by the range of the wavelength of light used by the solar cell, thereby reducing the efficiency of utilization of light energy.
- LED since it becomes possible for LED to emit preferable light energy according to the plant to grow, light energy can be utilized efficiently in total.
- FIG. 11 is a principle diagram showing how light enters the protective base material 14a with the photocatalytic coating film 15a.
- the protective substrate 14a for example, a light-transmitting inorganic glass such as quartz glass or soda glass, or a light-transmitting organic material such as acrylic or polycarbonate can be used.
- the photocatalyst coating film 15a is made of any kind of photocatalyst coating or photocatalyst layer described in this specification.
- the photocatalytic coating film 15a has a weight ratio of 1 for silica and 2 for titania, and the respective refractive indexes are 1.4 and 2.1.
- the protective substrate 14a is 1.45 for quartz glass and 1.585 for polycarbonate. That is, the light 21 entering at the incident angle ⁇ 1 is reflected and absorbed and transmitted through the surface of the photocatalyst coating film 15a. The transmitted light enters the photocatalyst coating film 15a at a refraction angle ⁇ 2, and is further refracted at the interface between the photocatalyst coating film 15a and the protective base material 14a, and a part thereof is reflected and absorbed, but most is refracted. The light is refracted and transmitted 21t at an angle ⁇ 4.
- the incident light amount A21 is divided into a reflected light amount A21r, a transmitted light amount A21t, and an absorbed light amount. Since the amount of transmitted light A21t is used in solar power generation, it is preferable that reflection and absorption be small.
- FIG. 12 shows a typical light incidence model.
- the reflected light undergoes amplitude changes and phase jumps.
- the complex amplitude reflectance is r ⁇ exp (i ⁇ ).
- the value of the complex amplitude reflectance is determined by the incident angle of light and the refractive index of the interface.
- the complex amplitude reflectance also depends on the polarization state of incident light.
- the component of the light whose electric vector oscillates in the incident plane is defined as P component (P-polarized light)
- the component of the light whose electric vector oscillates perpendicularly to the incident surface is defined as S component (S-polarized)
- the refractive index n from the air is expressed as follows.
- the Fresnel coefficient complex amplitude reflectance
- ⁇ 0 or ⁇ can be set.
- FIG. 13 shows the intensity reflectance.
- Incident light which is sunlight, has P-polarized light and S-polarized light components. However, if all of the sunlight components can be converted to P-polarized light, almost no light is reflected at the Brewster angle and most of the light is transmitted. It can be used as light. It can also be seen that the Brewster angle depends on the refractive index and increases as the refractive index increases. That is, if the refractive index is higher (for example, a photocatalytic coating film), a larger incident angle becomes the Brewster angle. Further, as can be seen from FIG.
- the orientation of the surface of the protective material 14 or the like may be automatically changed according to the movement of the sun.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically showing the movement of the sun when performing solar power generation.
- An ellipse 50 imitates a horizontal line, and a semicircular object 52 imitates the ecliptic.
- the solar power generation module (solar cell) 12 is irradiated with light through a protective material 14 (typically a light-transmitting inorganic or organic material coated with a photocatalytic coating) to generate power. .
- a protective material 14 typically a light-transmitting inorganic or organic material coated with a photocatalytic coating
- the sun 20 rises from the east (back side in the figure), goes south, and sinks to the west (front side in the figure).
- the solar cells 12 are typically fixed to a roof or the like, morning sunlight enters at a relatively large angle of incidence angle ⁇ 1. For this reason, as shown in FIG.
- a P-polarized component can be taken out by a polarizer and only the component can be irradiated to the photovoltaic power generation module 12.
- a birefringent crystal such as calcite can be used to separate a monochromatic incident beam into two beams having opposite polarization states. The two beams usually propagate at different speeds in different directions. The energy of the original beam is split between the two new beams, but the proportion depends on the relative angle between the polarization vector of the original beam and the optical axis. In this way, the solar power generation module (solar cell) 12 is irradiated with light having a particularly large P-polarized component. Moreover, a thing like a polarization cube beam splitter can also be used.
- the solar power generation module 12 is usually attached to a south-facing roof or the like, and is set so that the solar power generation module 12 can receive the most amount of light (that is, light energy) at the time of south and middle. However, it is preferable to continue power generation in the morning and evening, and various measures can be taken to obtain the amount of light necessary for that purpose. For example, at a predetermined elevation angle (for example, an angle at which sunlight is incident substantially perpendicularly during south-south (incident angle is 0 °), or a larger incident angle but a predetermined incident angle (for example, 5 ° or less)) It is possible to configure a solar power generation system including the solar cell module 12 attached to a roof or the like and the protective material 14.
- a predetermined elevation angle for example, an angle at which sunlight is incident substantially perpendicularly during south-south (incident angle is 0 °), or a larger incident angle but a predetermined incident angle (for example, 5 ° or less)
- polarized light that adjusts the polarization component (in particular, increases the P-polarization component) as described above.
- An element 60 can be further provided, and the polarizing element 60 is preferably installed so that the angle can be freely changed according to the position of the sun, preferably can be automatically adjusted, and is preferably provided so as to be detachable.
- the reflection ratio is low, such as during south-central time, it is preferable to remove the polarizing element 60.
- Any commercially available polarizing element may be used as such a polarizing element 60.
- the light component may be phase-converted and combined with the polarization phase, which is preferable because more light can be utilized.
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Abstract
Description
(1)アクリル系基材と、その表面上に形成されるシリカを主成分とするシリカ層と、更にその上に形成されるシリカマトリックス中に分散する酸化チタン粒子とからなる光触媒層と、からなる防汚性のアクリル板であって、前記アクリル系基材の表面と前記シリカ層との間に、シランカップリング剤からなる結合層を備えることを特徴とする防汚性のアクリル板を提供することができる。
RxSi(OR)4-x …… (1)
(但し、式中、Rはアルキル基、メチル基、エチル基、及びプロピル基等から選ばれた置換基であり、互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよい。)で表されるアルコキシシラン類であり、より好ましくは、この一般式(1)で表されるアルコキシシラン類において、置換基Rが炭素数1~4の低級アルキル基であり、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基等を例示することができ、特に好ましくはテトラエトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、及びジメチルジエトキシシランを挙げることができる。また、これらアルコキシシラン類については、その1種のみを単独で用いることができるほか、2種以上の混合物として用いることもでき、更に、部分的に加水分解して得られる低縮合物として用いることもできる。
平均一次粒径21nmの酸化チタン粉体(日本アエロジルP25)と立体反発を利用するタイプの高分子分散剤(ビックケミー・ジャパン社販売の商品名:Disperbyk-180)を水に添加して、分散機としてビーズミル分散機を用いて、粒子濃度30重量%の平均分散粒径80nmの酸化チタン粒子分散水溶液を調製した。この液は、常温で1年以上経過しても酸化チタン粒子が沈降せずに分散安定化していることを確認した。なお、液中の平均分散粒径は光散乱式粒度分布計を用いて確認した。
次に、調製された酸化チタンの分散水溶液96.7重量部とテトラエトキシシラン加水分解重縮合物溶液3.3重量部とを用い、また、これら酸化チタン分散水溶液とテトラエトキシシラン加水分解重縮合物溶液とを混合する際にゲル化を防止する安定剤として有機アミン類のトリエタノールアミンを用い、実際にコーティングする前に、これらを通常の攪拌機で混合した。この光触媒混合物は、粒子の沈降もなく常温でゲル化せずに約1週間は安定であることを確認した。
上記光触媒混合物に各種のシランカップリング剤を混合し、表1にまとめる光触媒コーティング液を得た。尚、シランカップリング剤としては、表1にまとめたものを用いた。
実験例1から16の光触媒コーティング液をディッピングにより、厚さ約1mmで20mm×20mmのポリカーボネート板(タキロン株式会社製、型番PS600)に約100μmの厚さにコーティングした。垂直に吊り下げたまま、室温で約半日乾燥し、光触媒塗膜を形成した。尚、実験例8については、ゲル化してしまったため、塗装に使用できなかった。翌日、塗膜の硬度試験(JIS5400K)を行い、塗膜の付着強度を評価した。評価結果を表2にまとめる。
実験例7の光触媒コーティング液を、スプレーコーティングにより、厚さ約1mmで300mm×300mmのポリカーボネート板(タキロン株式会社製、型番PS600)の片面に約100μmの厚さにコーティングした。これを水平に保ち、室温で約半日乾燥し、光触媒塗膜を形成した。このようにして得られた塗膜付きポリカーボネート板を2枚、対照としてポリカーボネート板そのものを1枚用意し、それぞれ、オイル/カーボンブラックの混合物により汚れを付着させた。更に、対照として汚さなかったポリカーボネート板そのもの、及び、塗膜付きポリカーボネート板もそれぞれ1枚用意した。そして、汚した塗膜付きポリカーボネート板2枚は、シール材により密閉された状態(空気の侵入が殆どない)及び開放状態で、サンシャインウェザーメータ(スガ試験機株式会社製、型番:WEL-7XS-LHP.B.EC)により300時間耐候試験を行った。光源は、JIS K 7350-2-1995に規定するキセノンアーク光源である。ト板も開放条件でサンシャインウェザーメータにより300時間耐候試験を行った。
実験例7の光触媒コーティング液を、スプレーコーティングにより、厚さ約1mmで100mm×100mmのポリカーボネート板(タキロン株式会社製、型番PS600)の片面に約100μmの厚さにコーティングし、上述と同様にして、塗膜付きポリカーボネート板を準備した。この保護材により太陽電池の受光面(64×28mm)を完全に覆って、強度45mW/cm2の擬似太陽光源(ウシオ電機製 Model SS-301S)で照射し続けた。保護材で覆う場合には、太陽電池の受光面と保護材との間隔は、約2mmであった。太陽電池の受光面の表面温度を熱電対で測定し、28℃になった時の開放電圧Voc、及び短絡電流Iscをマルチメータで計測した。
図8は、太陽光発電の主要部10を模式的に示す。太陽電池セル12を保護材14が上から覆っている。保護材14は、耐衝撃性や強度に優れるポリカーボネートである。この保護材14の表面15は、屋外に設置されるので風雨等に曝されるが、ここに上述してきた光触媒の塗膜(実験例7)を付ける。このようにすると、太陽光20からの波長の比較的短い高いエネルギーの光により、表面15の光触媒が活性化され、活性な酸素の作用により汚れが酸化分解される。また、活性な酸素の効果により表面が親水性になるので、雨等による洗浄効果が高められる。この図では水平に設置されているが、通常太陽電池は南に少し傾かせて設置されるので、雨による自浄作用が期待される。尚、太陽光発電に用いる光の波長の範囲において、保護材の透過率は十分高く、且つ、光触媒作用による光エネルギーの吸収の影響があまりない。
図11は、光触媒コーティング膜15aを付けた保護基材14aにどのように光が入るかを示している原理図である。保護基材14aは、例えば、石英ガラス、ソーダガラス等の透光性のある無機ガラスや、アクリル、ポリカーボネート等の透光性のある有機物を使用することができる。光触媒コーティング膜15aは、本明細書に記載の如何なる種類の光触媒コーティング若しくは光触媒層からなる。典型的に、光触媒コーティング膜15aは、シリカが2に対してチタニアが1の重量比で構成され、それぞれの屈折率が1.4及び2.1であるから、加重平均で求まるとすると、その屈折率は、(1.4×2+2.1×1)/(2+1)=1.63となる。一方、保護基材14aは、石英ガラスならば、1.45であり、ポリカーボネートならば1.585である。即ち、入射角θ1で入った光21は、光触媒コーティング膜15a表面で、反射21r、吸収、及び、透過される。透過光は、屈折角θ2で、光触媒コーティング膜15a内に入り、更に、光触媒コーティング膜15aと保護基材14aとの界面で屈折されて、一部が反射、吸収されるが、大部分は屈折角θ4で屈折し透過21tされる。このとき、スネルの式を当てはめると次のようになる。
sin(θ1)/sin(θ2) = 1.63/1 = 1.63
石英ガラスならば、次のようになる。
sin(θ3)/sin(θ4) = 1.45/1.63 = 0.89
ポリカードネートならば、次のようになる。
sin(θ3)/sin(θ4) = 1.585/1.63 = 0.97
尚、図から明白なように、θ2=θ3である。
rp=[n・cos(θ1)-cos(θ2)]/[n・cos(θ1)+cos(θ2)]
=tan(θ1-θ2)/tan(θ1+θ2)
rs=[cos(θ1)-n・cos(θ2)]/[cos(θ1)+cos(θ2)]
=sin(θ1-θ2)/sin(θ1+θ2)
tan(θB)=n
12 太陽電池セル
14 保護材
15 保護材の表面
20 太陽光
22 LED
24 リード線
30 植物
32 人工土壌
Claims (9)
- アクリル系基材と、その表面上に形成されるシリカを主成分とするシリカ層と、更にその上に形成されるシリカマトリックス中に分散する酸化チタン粒子とからなる光触媒層と、からなる防汚性のアクリル板であって、前記アクリル系基材の表面と前記シリカ層との間に、シランカップリング剤からなる結合層を備えることを特徴とする防汚性のアクリル板。
- 前記シランカップリング剤がエポキシ系のシランカップリング剤であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の防汚性のアクリル板。
- 前記シランカップリング剤がビニル系のシランカップリング剤であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の防汚性のアクリル板。
- 前記結合層は、水系溶剤中に平均一次粒径5~50nm及び平均分散粒径10~100nmの酸化チタン分散粒子及び高分子分散剤を含む第1の組成物と、アルコキシシラン加水分解重縮合物を含む第2の組成物と、シランカップリング剤と、を含むものであって、pH値がpH5~9の範囲内である混合組成物を前記アクリル系基材の表面に塗布することにより形成されることを特徴とする請求項1から3いずれかに記載の防汚性のアクリル板。
- 前記高分子分散剤は、酸基を含むブロック共重合物のアルキルアンモニウム塩を主成分として含むことを特徴とする請求項1から4いずれかに記載の防汚性のアクリル板。
- 前記シリカ層及び光触媒層の合計厚みが、100nm以下であり、前記光触媒層の酸化チタン粒子は孤立分散に近い状態で固定化されていることを特徴とする請求項1から5いずれかに記載の防汚性のアクリル板。
- 請求項1から6いずれか記載の防汚性のアクリル板を保護カバーとして用いることを特徴とする耐候性太陽電池。
- アクリル系基材の表面にシリカマトリックス中に分散する酸化チタン粒子を含む光触媒層を形成する形成方法において、
酸化チタン粉体及び高分子分散剤を水に添加して酸化チタン粒子分散水溶液を調製するステップと、
アルコキシシランを加水分解・重縮合させてテトラエトキシシラン加水分解重縮合物溶液を調製するステップと、
前記酸化チタン粒子分散水溶液及び前記テトラエトキシシラン加水分解重縮合物溶液を混合して混合溶液を調製するステップと、
前記混合溶液にシランカップリング剤を更に混合して前記アクリル系基材に密着性の光触媒塗料を調整するステップと、
前記光触媒塗料を前記アクリル系基材表面に塗布するステップと、を含む形成方法。 - 前記混合溶液を調製するステップにおいて、有機アミンからなるゲル化防止安定剤を混合することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の形成方法。
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EP10830057.5A EP2502741A4 (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | PHOTOCATALYTIC COATING |
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CN102821944A (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
EP2502741A4 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
JPWO2011059101A1 (ja) | 2013-04-04 |
US20120225770A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
EP2502741A1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
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