WO2011043351A1 - ボイラの灰付着抑制方法及び灰付着抑制装置 - Google Patents
ボイラの灰付着抑制方法及び灰付着抑制装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011043351A1 WO2011043351A1 PCT/JP2010/067484 JP2010067484W WO2011043351A1 WO 2011043351 A1 WO2011043351 A1 WO 2011043351A1 JP 2010067484 W JP2010067484 W JP 2010067484W WO 2011043351 A1 WO2011043351 A1 WO 2011043351A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ash
- boiler
- solid fuel
- ash adhesion
- slag viscosity
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
- F22B37/107—Protection of water tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J9/00—Preventing premature solidification of molten combustion residues
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
- F23J2900/01009—Controls related to ash or slag extraction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/50—Blending
- F23K2201/501—Blending with other fuels or combustible waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
- F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2241/00—Applications
- F23N2241/10—Generating vapour
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for suppressing ash adhesion in a boiler that uses solid fuel as fuel.
- pulverized coal obtained by pulverizing the solid fuel with a pulverizer is supplied to the boiler together with air for conveyance as fuel.
- the boiler includes a furnace that generates heat by burning supplied fuel with a burner and the like, and a heat transfer tube group that is arranged from the upper side to the downstream side of the furnace and that exchanges heat by flowing combustion gas inside.
- the combustion gas generated in the boiler is discharged from the chimney.
- the heat transfer tube group is arranged in the upper part of the heat transfer unit including a secondary heater, a tertiary heater, a final heater, and a secondary reheater arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval above the furnace, and a rear part of the furnace.
- a rear heat transfer section including a primary heater, a primary reheater, and a economizer.
- the ash generated from the burned coal flows by the combustion gas of the boiler, and the ash adheres to and accumulates on the wall of the furnace and heat transfer tubes in the middle of the discharge of the combustion gas. A ring occurs.
- the heat transfer surface of the heat transfer tube is blocked, and the heat absorption efficiency is greatly reduced.
- the pressure inside the furnace will fluctuate significantly, the heat transfer tube at the bottom of the furnace will be damaged, or the bottom of the furnace will be clogged. Arise.
- the upper heat transfer section provided above the furnace is disposed at a narrow interval, if ash adheres to the furnace, the pressure in the furnace may fluctuate greatly. Further, if the ash adhering between the heat transfer tubes grows up to block the gas flow path and the combustion gas cannot pass through the heat transfer tube group, an operation failure may occur.
- the temperature near the wall of the furnace is high due to the radiant heat of the combustion flame of the fuel, so that ash tends to adhere and melt to the relatively low temperature heat transfer tube group, and a huge clinker is likely to grow There's a problem.
- Non-Patent Document 1 uses a method for predicting in advance the possibility of ash adhesion based on an ash index and an evaluation standard based on an ash composition in which an ash-containing element is represented by an oxide.
- the indexes and evaluation criteria shown in Non-Patent Document 1 are targeted to bituminous coal, which is a high-quality coal with less problems such as ash adhesion, and inferior coal (for example, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, Coal types such as high silica charcoal and high calcium charcoal) are not targeted. Therefore, there is a problem that the relationship between the index shown in Non-Patent Document 1 and the adhesion of ash does not necessarily match the actual one.
- Patent Document 1 ash adhesion is predicted and evaluated by sintering coal ash obtained by ashing the coal to be used in advance and measuring the degree of sticking of the sintered ash for poor quality coal. ing.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a boiler capable of easily and accurately predicting ash adhesion in a boiler and suppressing ash adhesion even when using various types of solid fuel including inferior coal as fuel. It is providing the ash adhesion suppression method and ash adhesion suppression apparatus.
- the mixing ratio of each solid fuel when mixing one or more types of solid fuel is such that the value of the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is a reference value or more.
- the solid fuel is calculated and determined so as to be mixed, and the solid fuels are mixed based on the mixing ratio and supplied to the boiler as fuel.
- slag which is a component that melts by combustion in the boiler, floats on the airflow of combustion air in the boiler, and adheres to the furnace wall and heat transfer tube group.
- the mixing ratio of each solid fuel is determined based on the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing in predetermined
- the solid fuel includes coal, sludge carbide, biomass fuel and the like.
- the supply amount of the solid fuel serving as the fuel is determined so that the amount of heat input to the boiler is constant.
- the proportion of molten slag in which ash contained in solid fuel is dissolved increases as the temperature increases.
- the slag viscosity decreases.
- the stickiness (or caking property) of the slag is increased, and the slag particles or the wall of the boiler and the slag are easily bonded.
- the solid fuel with a high alkalinity ratio in ash and the solid fuel with a low alkalinity ratio in ash are appropriately mixed to increase the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing, the slag particles or between the slag and the boiler wall It becomes difficult to adhere. Thereby, adhesion of slag to the boiler and generation of slag can be suppressed.
- the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is used as an evaluation index, and the ash adhesion characteristics are evaluated based on the slag viscosity. Then, the mixing ratio of each solid fuel is calculated and determined so that the value of the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is equal to or higher than the reference value.
- the slag viscosity may be calculated based on the composition of the ash component of the solid fuel after mixing. According to said structure, the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing in predetermined
- the slag viscosity may be calculated based on a result of measuring a slag viscosity of slag generated when the ash of each solid fuel is heated at the predetermined atmospheric temperature. .
- the slag viscosity suitable for the condition of the actual boiler can be calculated
- the reference value is a slag in which the ash adhesion rate is equal to or less than a predetermined value in the relationship between the slag viscosity of each solid fuel and the ash adhesion rate at the predetermined atmospheric temperature. It may be a viscosity value. According to the above configuration, by making the slag viscosity value of the solid fuel after mixing equal to or higher than the reference value, the ash adhesion rate becomes a predetermined value or less, and it becomes difficult for ash to adhere to the boiler. can do.
- the ash adhesion rate is calculated as a ratio of the amount of ash adhering to the ash adhesion probe to the amount of ash impinging on the ash adhesion probe inserted into the boiler.
- the amount of ash impinging on the ash adhesion probe is the total amount of ash that collides with the projected area of the ash adhesion probe, and is calculated from the supply amount of each solid fuel, the ash content, and the furnace shape of the boiler.
- the reference value may be 300 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s, which is a slag viscosity value at which the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7% or less. According to the above configuration, when the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7% or less, it becomes difficult for the ash to adhere to the boiler, and thus the adhesion of ash can be suitably suppressed.
- the predetermined atmospheric temperature may be an atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of a burner for burning each solid fuel. According to said structure, since the slag viscosity of the slag in ash in each part inside a boiler can be calculated
- the predetermined ambient temperature may be a maximum ambient temperature in boiler design. According to the above configuration, it is possible to calculate an appropriate mixing ratio of one or more types of solid fuel without depending on the combustion temperature in the furnace of the boiler.
- the boiler ash adhesion suppression device of the present invention is configured such that the mixing ratio of each solid fuel when mixing one or more kinds of solid fuel is the reference value of the slag viscosity value of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature.
- slag which is a component that melts by combustion in the boiler, floats on the airflow of combustion air in the boiler, and adheres to the furnace wall and heat transfer tube group.
- the mixing ratio of each solid fuel is determined based on the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing in predetermined
- the solid fuel includes coal, sludge carbide, biomass fuel and the like.
- the supply amount of the solid fuel serving as the fuel is determined so that the amount of heat input to the boiler is constant.
- the proportion of molten slag in which ash contained in solid fuel is dissolved increases as the temperature increases.
- the slag viscosity decreases.
- the stickiness (or caking property) of the slag is increased, and the slag particles or the wall of the boiler and the slag are easily bonded.
- the solid fuel with a high alkalinity ratio in ash and the solid fuel with a low alkalinity ratio in ash are appropriately mixed to increase the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing, the slag particles or between the slag and the boiler wall It becomes difficult to adhere. Thereby, adhesion of slag to the boiler and generation of slag can be suppressed.
- the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is used as an evaluation index, and the ash adhesion characteristics are evaluated based on the slag viscosity. Then, the mixing ratio of each solid fuel is calculated and determined so that the value of the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is equal to or higher than the reference value.
- the slag viscosity may be calculated based on the composition of the ash component of the solid fuel after mixing. According to said structure, the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing in predetermined
- the slag viscosity may be calculated based on a result of measuring a slag viscosity of slag generated when the ash of each solid fuel is heated at the predetermined atmospheric temperature. .
- the slag viscosity suitable for the condition of the actual boiler can be calculated
- the reference value is a slag in which the ash adhesion rate is equal to or less than a predetermined value in the relationship between the slag viscosity of each solid fuel and the ash adhesion rate at the predetermined atmospheric temperature. It may be a viscosity value. According to the above configuration, by making the slag viscosity value of the solid fuel after mixing equal to or higher than the reference value, the ash adhesion rate becomes a predetermined value or less, and it becomes difficult for ash to adhere to the boiler. can do.
- the ash adhesion rate is calculated as the ratio of the amount of ash adhering to the ash adhesion probe to the amount of ash impinging on the ash adhesion probe inserted into the boiler.
- the amount of ash impinging on the ash adhesion probe is the total amount of ash that collides with the projected area of the ash adhesion probe, and is calculated from the supply amount of each solid fuel, the ash content, and the furnace shape of the boiler.
- the reference value may be 300 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s, which is a slag viscosity value at which the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7% or less. According to the above configuration, the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7% or less, and the ash is difficult to adhere to the boiler, so that the ash adhesion can be suitably suppressed.
- the predetermined atmospheric temperature may be an atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of a burner for burning each solid fuel. According to said structure, since the slag viscosity of the slag in ash in each part inside a boiler can be calculated
- the predetermined atmospheric temperature may be a maximum atmospheric temperature in boiler design. According to the above configuration, it is possible to calculate an appropriate mixing ratio of one or more types of solid fuel without depending on the combustion temperature in the furnace of the boiler.
- the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is used as an evaluation index, and the ash adhesion characteristics are evaluated based on the slag viscosity. Then, the mixing ratio of each solid fuel is calculated and determined so that the value of the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is equal to or higher than the reference value.
- the boiler ash adhesion suppressing apparatus 10 is a fuel supply amount adjusting device (fuel supply amount adjusting means) 3 a that adjusts the supply amount of solid fuel from the hoppers 1 and 2 to the boiler 7. , 3b and a calculator (calculating means) 9 for controlling the fuel supply amount adjusting devices 3a, 3b.
- fuel supply amount adjusting device fuel supply amount adjusting means
- 3 a that adjusts the supply amount of solid fuel from the hoppers 1 and 2 to the boiler 7.
- 3b and a calculator (calculating means) 9 for controlling the fuel supply amount adjusting devices 3a, 3b.
- the hopper 1 and the hopper 2 holds solid fuels having different ash properties.
- the solid fuel includes coal, sludge carbide, biomass fuel, and the like.
- a mixer 4 Between the hoppers 1 and 2 and the boiler 7, a mixer 4, a pulverizer 5 and a burner 6 are provided.
- the mixer 4 mixes two types of solid fuels whose supply amounts are adjusted by the fuel supply amount adjusting devices 3a and 3b.
- the pulverizer 5 pulverizes the solid fuel mixed by the mixer 4 into pulverized coal.
- the burner 6 burns pulverized coal supplied together with air from the pulverizer 5 as fuel.
- two types of solid fuels are mixed, but one or more types of solid fuels may be mixed.
- the boiler 7 collects heat by burning pulverized coal.
- the boiler 7 includes a furnace that generates heat by burning the pulverized coal supplied from the pulverizer 5 with a burner 6 and the like, and is disposed from the upper side to the downstream side of the furnace to supply combustion gas therein.
- a heat transfer tube group that performs heat exchange by flowing.
- the combustion gas generated in the boiler 7 is discharged from the chimney.
- the heat transfer tube group is arranged in the upper part of the heat transfer section including a secondary heater, a tertiary heater, a final heater, and a secondary reheater arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals above the furnace, and at the rear of the furnace.
- a rear heat transfer section provided with a primary heater, a primary reheater, and a economizer.
- the calculator 9 calculates the mixing ratio of the two types of solid fuel based on the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature. decide.
- the predetermined atmospheric temperature will be described later.
- the supply amount of the solid fuel as the fuel is determined so that the amount of heat input to the boiler 7 is constant.
- the coal properties such as the moisture content, the calorific value, the ash content, and the composition of the ash component of each solid fuel are accumulated in advance in the calculator 9 as data.
- the calculator 9 calculates the slag viscosity of each solid fuel at a predetermined atmospheric temperature. This slag viscosity is calculated by a calculation formula obtained experimentally based on the composition of the ash component of each solid fuel to be used in the boiler 7 that is measured in advance. Then, the calculator 9 relates the slag viscosity of each solid fuel at a predetermined atmospheric temperature and the ash adhesion rate.
- slag means a component that is melted by ash combustion, floats on the combustion airflow in the boiler 7, and adheres to the furnace wall and the heat transfer tube group.
- slag viscosity means the viscosity of slag at a certain temperature, and is used as an evaluation index of ash adhesion characteristics in this embodiment.
- the ash adhesion rate means the ease of ash adhesion.
- the ash adhesion rate is calculated as a ratio of the amount of ash adhering to the ash adhesion probe to the amount of ash impinging on the ash adhesion probe inserted into the furnace of the boiler 7.
- the amount of ash that collides with the ash adhesion probe is the total amount of ash that collides with the projected area of the ash adhesion probe.
- the amount of ash impinging on the ash adhesion probe can be determined based on the amount of solid fuel supplied, the ash content, and the furnace shape of the boiler 7.
- the calculation of the ash adhesion rate may be performed using a combustion test furnace or an actual can boiler instead of the boiler 7.
- the calculator 9 determines a slag viscosity value at which the ash adhesion rate is a predetermined value or less as a reference value in the relationship between the slag viscosity of each solid fuel and the ash adhesion rate at a predetermined atmospheric temperature.
- the predetermined value of the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7%
- the reference value is 300 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s, which is a slag viscosity value at which the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7% or less.
- the calculator 9 calculates the composition of the ash component of the solid fuel after mixing when mixing the two types of solid fuel using the mixing ratio of the two types of solid fuel as a parameter.
- the composition of the ash component is calculated based on the ash component composition of each solid fuel that has been measured in advance.
- the calculator 9 calculates the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature when mixing two types of solid fuel.
- This slag viscosity is calculated by a calculation formula obtained experimentally based on the composition of the ash component of the solid fuel after mixing in the case of mixing two types of solid fuel. Thereby, the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature can be obtained without performing an experiment.
- the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is based on the measurement result obtained by measuring the slag viscosity of the slag generated when each solid fuel ash is heated at the predetermined atmospheric temperature in advance. It may be calculated. In this case, the slag viscosity suitable for the actual situation of the boiler 7 can be obtained.
- the calculator 9 calculates the mixing ratio of the two types of solid fuel so that the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is equal to or higher than a reference value. Thereby, the mixing ratio of two types of solid fuel is determined.
- the proportion of molten slag in which ash contained in solid fuel is dissolved increases as the temperature increases.
- the slag viscosity decreases.
- the stickiness (or caking property) of the slag is increased, and the slag particles or the wall of the boiler and the slag are easily bonded.
- the solid fuel having a high alkalinity in ash and a solid fuel having a low alkalinity in ash are appropriately mixed to increase the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing.
- ⁇ Slag viscosity of solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined ambient temperature is used as an evaluation index, and ash adhesion characteristics are evaluated based on this slag viscosity. Then, the mixing ratio of each solid fuel is determined so that the value of the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is equal to or higher than the reference value.
- the slag viscosity value at which the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7% or less is 300 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s, and this value is a reference value. It has been established. Therefore, if the slag viscosity value of the solid fuel after mixing is adjusted to be 300 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s or more, the ash adhesion rate becomes 5 to 7% or less, and ash does not easily adhere to the boiler 7. Can be suitably suppressed.
- the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the burner 6 at which ash adhesion to the boiler wall is noticeably generated is used as the predetermined atmospheric temperature.
- the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the burner 6 is measured by a measuring device (not shown) installed in the vicinity of the burner 6.
- the predetermined ambient temperature is not limited to the ambient temperature in the vicinity of the burner 6, and may be the ambient temperature of a desired portion such as a heat transfer tube group in which ash is likely to adhere. According to this, since the slag viscosity of the slag in ash in each part inside the boiler 7 can be calculated
- the maximum atmospheric gas temperature in the design of the boiler 7 may be used as the predetermined atmospheric temperature.
- an appropriate mixing ratio of the two types of solid fuels can be calculated without depending on the combustion temperature in the furnace of the boiler 7.
- each of the compositions of the ash components of the two types of solid fuel to be used in the boiler 7 is measured (step S1). Specifically, the coal properties such as the moisture content, the calorific value, the ash content, and the composition of the ash component of the solid fuel are measured. The measurement results are accumulated in the calculator 9 as data. Next, the calculator 9 calculates the slag viscosity of each solid fuel at a predetermined ambient temperature by a calculation formula obtained experimentally based on the composition of the ash component of each solid fuel measured in step S1. (Step S2).
- the calculator 9 determines, as a reference value, a slag viscosity value at which the ash adhesion rate is equal to or less than a predetermined value in the relationship between the slag viscosity of each solid fuel and the ash adhesion rate at a predetermined atmospheric temperature (step S3).
- the predetermined value of the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7%
- the reference value is 300 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s, which is a slag viscosity value at which the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7% or less.
- the calculator 9 uses the mixing ratio of the two types of solid fuel as a parameter, and mixes the two types of solid fuel based on the composition of the ash component of each solid fuel measured in step S1.
- the composition of the ash component of the solid fuel after mixing is calculated (step S4).
- the calculator 9 calculates the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature by a calculation formula obtained experimentally based on the composition of the ash component of the solid fuel after mixing calculated in step S4. Calculate (step S5). According to this, the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature can be obtained without performing an experiment.
- the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is based on the measurement result obtained by measuring the slag viscosity of the slag generated when each solid fuel ash is heated at the predetermined atmospheric temperature in advance. It may be calculated. According to this, the slag viscosity suitable for the actual situation of the boiler can be obtained.
- the calculator 9 mixes the two types of solid fuels so that the slag viscosity of the solid fuels after mixing at the predetermined atmospheric temperature calculated in step S5 is equal to or higher than the reference value determined in step S3.
- the ratio is calculated to determine the mixing ratio (step S6).
- the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is used as an evaluation index, and the ash adhesion characteristics are evaluated based on this slag viscosity. Then, the mixing ratio of each solid fuel is determined so that the value of the slag viscosity of the solid fuel after mixing at a predetermined atmospheric temperature is equal to or higher than the reference value.
- a slag viscosity value of 300 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s at which the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7% or less is determined as a reference value. It is done. Therefore, if the slag viscosity value of the solid fuel after mixing is set to 300 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s or more, the ash adhesion rate becomes 5 to 7% or less, so that the ash hardly adheres to the boiler 7 and the ash adhesion Can be suitably suppressed.
- the atmospheric temperature in the vicinity of the burner 6 at which ash adhesion to the boiler wall is noticeably generated is used as the predetermined atmospheric temperature.
- the slag viscosity of the slag can be determined appropriately. Accordingly, an appropriate mixing ratio of the two types of solid fuels can be calculated.
- the maximum ambient gas temperature in the design of the boiler 7 is used as the predetermined ambient temperature, so that two types of solid fuel can be used without depending on the combustion temperature in the furnace of the boiler 7. It is possible to calculate an appropriate mixing ratio.
- step S7 based on the mixing ratio of each solid fuel determined in step S6, two types of solid fuel are mixed, and pulverized coal obtained by pulverization is supplied as fuel to the boiler 7 (step S7). ).
- the calculator 9 controls the fuel supply amount adjusting devices 3a and 3b based on the mixing ratio of the solid fuels determined in step S6, so that the solids from the hoppers 1 and 2 to the boiler 7 are controlled. Adjust the fuel supply.
- the mixer 4 mixes two types of solid fuels whose supply amounts are adjusted by the fuel supply amount adjusting devices 3a and 3b.
- the pulverizer 5 pulverizes the solid fuel mixed by the mixer 4 into pulverized coal, and supplies it to the boiler 7 as fuel.
- the burner 6 burns pulverized coal supplied together with air from the pulverizer 5 as fuel.
- the composition of the ash component was measured using a pulverized coal combustion test furnace (furnace inner diameter 400 mm, furnace effective height 3650 mm) under the condition that the total heat input of the city gas for heating was constant at 149 kW.
- Experiments were conducted using five types of pulverized coal with different fuels.
- the predetermined ambient temperature when calculating the slag viscosity is 1300 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the ash component of five types of pulverized coal at 1300 ° C.
- the atmospheric temperature inside the pulverized coal combustion test furnace at the portion where the ash adhesion probe is inserted is about 1300 ° C., similar to the temperature at which the ash adhesion phenomenon occurs in the actual can boiler. Further, the inside of the ash adhesion probe is water-cooled so that the surface temperature of the ash adhesion probe is about 500 ° C.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the slag viscosity at 1300 ° C. and the ash adhesion rate.
- the reference value is determined based on the relationship between the slag viscosity measured in advance and the ash adhesion rate, but is not limited thereto.
- the reference value is a clinker of a size that cannot be carried out by a conveyor (not shown) installed in the boiler 7 It may be determined by the slag viscosity when the slag lump falls to the furnace wall. Further, the reference value may be determined by the slag viscosity when the main steam temperature and the main steam pressure deviate from or change from the specified region.
- Fuel supply adjustment device (fuel supply adjustment means) 4 Mixer 5 Crusher 6 Burner 7 Boiler 9 Calculator (Calculation means) 10 Ash adhesion suppression device
Abstract
Description
本実施形態によるボイラの灰付着抑制装置10は、図1に示すように、ホッパ1,2からボイラ7への固体燃料の供給量を調整する燃料供給量調整装置(燃料供給量調整手段)3a,3bと、燃料供給量調整装置3a,3bを制御する演算機(演算手段)9と、を有している。ホッパ1およびホッパ2はそれぞれ、灰の性状が互いに異なる固体燃料を保持している。ここで、固体燃料は、石炭、汚泥炭化物、バイオマス燃料等を含む。
次に、上記の構成のボイラの灰付着抑制装置10の動作、すなわち、ボイラの灰付着抑制方法を説明する。
次に、ボイラの灰付着抑制方法及び灰付着抑制装置の実施例を説明する。
以上、本発明の実施形態を説明したが、具体例を例示したに過ぎず、具体的構成などは適宜設計変更可能である。また、発明の実施の形態に記載された作用及び効果は、本発明から生じる最も好適な作用及び効果を列挙したに過ぎず、本発明による作用及び効果は、発明の実施の形態に記載されたものに限定されない。
3a,3b 燃料供給量調整装置(燃料供給量調整手段)
4 混合機
5 粉砕機
6 バーナ
7 ボイラ
9 演算機(演算手段)
10 灰付着抑制装置
Claims (14)
- 1種類以上の固体燃料を混合する場合の各固体燃料の混合比率を、所定の雰囲気温度における混合後の固体燃料のスラグ粘性の値が基準値以上となるように算出して決定し、
前記混合比率に基づいて各固体燃料を混合して、燃料としてボイラに供給することを特徴とするボイラの灰付着抑制方法。 - 前記スラグ粘性は、前記混合後の固体燃料の灰成分の組成に基づいて算出されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。
- 前記スラグ粘性は、各固体燃料の灰を前記所定の雰囲気温度で加熱した際に生じるスラグのスラグ粘性を測定した結果に基づいて算出されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。
- 前記基準値は、前記所定の雰囲気温度における各固体燃料のスラグ粘性と灰付着率との関係において、前記灰付着率が所定値以下となるスラグ粘性の値であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。
- 前記基準値は、前記灰付着率が5~7%以下となるスラグ粘性の値である300~1000Pa・sであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。
- 前記所定の雰囲気温度は、各固体燃料を燃焼させるバーナ近傍の雰囲気温度であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。
- 前記所定の雰囲気温度は、ボイラ設計上の最高雰囲気温度であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。
- 1種類以上の固体燃料を混合する場合の各固体燃料の混合比率を、所定の雰囲気温度における混合後の固体燃料のスラグ粘性の値が基準値以上となるように算出して決定する演算手段と、
前記混合比率に基づいて、各固体燃料のボイラへの供給量を調整する燃料供給量調整手段と、を有することを特徴とするボイラの灰付着抑制装置。 - 前記スラグ粘性は、前記混合後の固体燃料の灰成分の組成に基づいて算出されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。
- 前記スラグ粘性は、各固体燃料の灰を前記所定の雰囲気温度で加熱した際に生じるスラグのスラグ粘性を測定した結果に基づいて算出されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。
- 前記基準値は、前記所定の雰囲気温度における各固体燃料のスラグ粘性と灰付着率との関係において、前記灰付着率が所定値以下となるスラグ粘性の値であることを特徴とする請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。
- 前記基準値は、前記灰付着率が5~7%以下となるスラグ粘性の値である300~1000Pa・sであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。
- 前記所定の雰囲気温度は、各固体燃料を燃焼させるバーナ近傍の雰囲気温度であることを特徴とする請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。
- 前記所定の雰囲気温度は、ボイラ設計上の最高雰囲気温度であることを特徴とする請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。
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