WO2011027412A1 - 保持パッド - Google Patents
保持パッド Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011027412A1 WO2011027412A1 PCT/JP2009/004792 JP2009004792W WO2011027412A1 WO 2011027412 A1 WO2011027412 A1 WO 2011027412A1 JP 2009004792 W JP2009004792 W JP 2009004792W WO 2011027412 A1 WO2011027412 A1 WO 2011027412A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- holding
- polyurethane resin
- cross
- holding pad
- urethane sheet
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/27—Work carriers
- B24B37/30—Work carriers for single side lapping of plane surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/068—Table-like supports for panels, sheets or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a holding pad, and more particularly, to a holding pad provided with a resin sheet having a holding surface for holding an object to be polished, in which vertical foaming is formed by a wet coagulation method.
- the two are arranged to face each other. Polishing using a polishing machine having two surface plates is performed.
- the object to be subjected to polishing tends to increase in size in order to efficiently produce a substrate along with the downsizing of portable devices used.
- the glass substrate for FPD in order to cope with the increase in size and thickness of the FPD itself, the glass substrate as the object to be polished tends to increase in size and thickness. There is an increasing demand for flatness even for such large and thin workpieces.
- a polishing pad is mounted on one surface plate of the polishing machine, and the object to be polished is held on the other surface plate so as to face the polishing pad.
- a polishing slurry containing abrasive particles (abrasive grains) is supplied between the object to be polished and the polishing pad, and a polishing pressure (pressing force) is applied to the object to be polished.
- a holding pad is usually attached to the surface plate that holds the object to be polished. That is, the holding pad can temporarily hold an object to be polished in the polishing process.
- a holding pad provided with a soft urethane film (resin sheet) having a foamed structure formed by a wet coagulation method is used (for example, see JP-A-2006-62059).
- a soft urethane film resin sheet
- the surface (holding surface) of the surface layer skin layer
- the holding property of the object to be polished is excellent.
- a vertical foam having a size covering almost the entire thickness is formed inside the surface layer. For this reason, cushioning properties can be exhibited when compressed by the polishing pressure during polishing.
- the cushioning property is too low, the stress received by the polishing object will be uneven due to the polishing pressure, so stress concentrates on the convex part of the polishing object that sinks to the holding pad, and this stress concentration part is excessively polished and polished. Unevenness occurs.
- the cushioning property is high, unevenness is hardly generated in the stress received by the object to be polished, and the surface smoothness of the object to be polished is improved, but the sinking becomes large and the holding pad itself may be scraped off. Therefore, normally, in the wet coagulation method, the size of foaming and the state of formation are adjusted by selection of resin and various additives.
- the urethane film obtained by the conventional wet coagulation method has a problem that density unevenness occurs between the part where the foam is formed and the resin part between the foams because the vertical foam is formed. For this reason, the amount of compressive deformation differs between the foam-formed part and the resin part when a polishing pressure is applied during the polishing process, and a high degree of flatness is required for the workpiece to be thinned and enlarged as described above. Not enough to meet. That is, if the holding pad has uneven density, the magnitude of stress applied to the object to be polished is locally different, so that it is difficult to polish the processed surface uniformly over the entire region, and the in-plane uniformity is impaired. If the flatness accuracy of the holding surface can be increased by reducing the variation in the amount of compressive deformation, it is possible to satisfy the requirement for high in-plane uniformity for the object to be polished.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a holding pad capable of improving the flatness accuracy of the holding surface and improving the in-plane uniformity of the object to be polished.
- the present invention provides a holding pad including a resin sheet having a holding surface for holding an object to be polished, in which vertical foaming is formed by a wet coagulation method.
- the bottom of the foam is formed in a range from the back surface of the surface to the inside by 10% of the entire thickness, and the cross section parallel to the back surface and the inside by 40% inside by 10% of the entire thickness from the back surface.
- the porosity of the lower layer part sandwiched by the cross section parallel to the back surface is 70% or more and 95% or less.
- the porosity of the lower layer portion of a certain thickness on the back side of the holding surface of the resin sheet is 70% or more and 95% or less, the load applied to the object to be polished is ensured by the cushioning property provided by the lower layer portion.
- the foam shape in the lower layer changes to reduce the burden on the object to be polished, so the flatness accuracy of the holding surface is increased and the in-plane uniformity of the object to be polished Can be improved.
- the resin sheet is foamed in a cross section parallel to the holding surface in the lower layer portion, where A is the average hole diameter of the holes formed by foaming in the cross section parallel to the holding surface inside 10% of the entire thickness from the holding surface.
- the ratio B / A is preferably in the range of 20 to 50, where B is the maximum hole diameter of the holes formed in (1).
- the porosity of the upper layer portion sandwiched between the cross section parallel to the holding surface and the cross section parallel to the holding surface inside by 10% of the entire thickness from the holding surface of the resin sheet is 35% or more and 55%. It can be as follows.
- the porosity of the lower layer part of the resin sheet is preferably 75% or more and 90% or less, and the porosity of the upper layer part is preferably 40% or more and 50% or less.
- the maximum value of the ratio is 80% or more and 95% or less in the cross section in which the ratio of the total area of the holes formed by foaming per unit area is the maximum in the cross section parallel to the holding surface. can do.
- the resin sheet may be formed of a polyurethane resin.
- the polyurethane resin between the foamed resin sheets may be formed in a microporous shape. At this time, it is preferable to make the 100% modulus of the polyurethane resin smaller than 20 MPa.
- an adhesive material for mounting on the polishing machine may be applied to the back side of the resin sheet. At this time, a support material for supporting the resin sheet can be further bonded between the resin sheet and the adhesive material.
- the porosity of the lower layer portion of a certain thickness on the back side of the holding surface of the resin sheet is 70% or more and 95% or less, the cushioning property is ensured by the lower layer portion and the object to be polished is applied.
- the foam shape in the lower layer changes to reduce the burden on the object to be polished, so the flatness accuracy of the holding surface is increased and the surface of the object to be polished is increased. The effect that the uniformity can be improved can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a foaming state in a urethane sheet constituting a holding pad of an embodiment, wherein (A) is a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of the urethane sheet, and (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in (A). It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the hole formed by foaming, (C) is explanatory drawing which shows typically the hole formed by foaming in the CC line cross section of (A). It is sectional drawing which shows the conventional holding pad typically.
- FIG. 4C is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the holes formed in (1)
- (C) is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the holes formed by foaming in the cross-section taken along the line CC of (A). It is a graph which shows the aperture ratio of the hole formed by foaming in the cross section for every thickness with respect to the thickness from the holding surface of the urethane sheet which comprises a holding pad.
- the holding pad 10 of the present embodiment includes a urethane sheet 2 as a resin sheet made of polyurethane resin.
- the urethane sheet 2 is formed by a wet coagulation method and has a holding surface Sh for holding an object to be polished.
- the urethane sheet 2 has a skin layer 2a in which fine micropores are formed over a thickness of about several ⁇ m in the immediate vicinity of the holding surface Sh. That is, the skin layer 2a has a microporous structure. Inside the skin layer 2a of the urethane sheet 2, a large number of foams 3 are formed in a substantially uniformly dispersed state. The foam 3 has a size over almost the entire thickness of the urethane sheet 2 and is formed in a conical shape that is vertically long and round in the thickness direction. Since the urethane sheet 2 has the skin layer 2a, the opening of the foam 3 is not formed on the holding surface Sh.
- the bottom of the foam 3 is formed in a range from the back surface of the holding surface Sh (hereinafter referred to as the back surface Sr) to the inside by 10% of the entire thickness.
- the back surface Sr the back surface of the holding surface
- micropores (not shown) smaller than the foams 3 are formed.
- the urethane sheet 2 has a continuous foam structure in which the fine pores, the foam 3 and the fine pores of the skin layer 2a communicate with each other in a mesh shape, and the foam is formed in a continuous foam shape.
- the porosity of the lower layer portion Pr sandwiched by 10% of the entire thickness from the back surface Sr and parallel to the back surface Sr and 40% inside and parallel to the back surface Sr is 70% or more. It is adjusted to 95% or less. That is, when the thickness t of the urethane sheet 2 is assumed, the porosity of the lower layer portion Pr sandwiched between the inner cross section of 0.1 t from the back surface Sr and the inner cross section of 0.4 t thickness is the void ratio due to the foam 3 Is in the range of 75 to 95%.
- the porosity of the upper layer portion Ph and the lower layer portion Pr can be adjusted by selecting a polyurethane resin to be used and setting conditions of the wet coagulation method (details will be described later).
- the average hole diameter of the holes formed by the foam 3 in the cross section parallel to the holding surface Sh inside 10% of the entire thickness from the holding surface Sh is A, and parallel to the back surface Sr in the lower layer part Pr.
- the maximum hole diameter of the holes formed in the cross section in which the ratio of the total area of the holes formed by the foam 3 per unit area in the cross section (hereinafter referred to as the opening ratio) shows the maximum value is B
- the average hole diameter The ratio B / A of the maximum pore diameter B to A is adjusted in the range of 20-50.
- the foam having a foam diameter 20 to 50 times larger than the average pore diameter of the foam formed in the vicinity of the holding surface Sh is formed in a cross section in which the opening ratio in the lower layer portion Pr has the maximum value.
- the maximum value of the aperture ratio is adjusted to 80% or more and 95% or less.
- the hole formed in the cross section parallel to the back surface Sr in the vicinity of the back surface Sr is formed close to the hole formed in the cross section parallel to the holding surface Sh in the vicinity of the holding surface Sh.
- the vicinity of the holding surface Sh is 10% of the thickness t of the urethane sheet 2 from the holding surface Sh, that is, the inner position (position of arrow B) by 0.1 t, and the vicinity of the back surface Sr.
- the position is 0.1 t inside (the position of arrow C) from the back surface Sr. In this case, as shown in FIG.
- the holes formed by the foam 3 are formed so as to be separated from each other in the cross section along the line BB near the holding surface Sh.
- the hole formed by the foam 3 is formed close to the cross section along line CC in the vicinity of the back surface Sr.
- the holding pad 10 has a double-sided tape 7 as an adhesive for attaching the holding pad 10 to the polishing machine attached to the back surface Sr side of the urethane sheet 2.
- the double-sided tape 7 has a base material (not shown), and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (not shown) such as an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is formed on both sides of the base material.
- a flexible film such as a film made of polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter abbreviated as PET) is used.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the double-sided tape 7 is bonded to the urethane sheet 2 with an adhesive layer on one side of the base material, and the adhesive layer on the other side (the side opposite to the urethane sheet 2) is covered with the release paper 8 on the surface.
- the base material of the double-sided tape 7 also serves as a support material for supporting the urethane sheet 2.
- the holding pad 10 is manufactured by bonding the urethane sheet 2 formed by the wet coagulation method and the double-sided tape 7 together. That is, a preparation process for preparing a polyurethane resin solution, a polyurethane resin solution applied to a film-forming substrate, a coagulation regeneration process for coagulating the polyurethane resin solution in a coagulation liquid to regenerate the polyurethane resin, and washing the sheet-like polyurethane resin
- the holding pad 10 is manufactured through a cleaning / drying process for drying and a laminating process for bonding the obtained urethane sheet 2 and the double-sided tape 7 together.
- a cleaning / drying process for drying
- a laminating process for bonding the obtained urethane sheet 2 and the double-sided tape 7 together.
- the polyurethane resin is dissolved by mixing a polyurethane resin, a water-miscible organic solvent capable of dissolving the polyurethane resin, and an additive.
- the organic solvent include N, N-dimethylformamide (hereinafter abbreviated as DMF) and N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc).
- DMF N-dimethylformamide
- DMAc N, N-dimethylacetamide
- DMF N-dimethylacetamide
- the polyurethane resin can be selected from polyester-based, polyether-based, polycarbonate-based resins, etc., but in order to form the above-mentioned foamed structure, a resin solution in which polyurethane resin is dissolved in DMF at 20% by weight. For the above, a resin having a viscosity measured at 25 ° C.
- the polyurethane resin to be used has a 100% modulus smaller than 20 MPa.
- This polyurethane resin is dissolved in DMF so as to be in the range of 10 to 30% by weight.
- pigments such as carbon black, hydrophilic additives that promote foaming, hydrophobic additives that stabilize the regeneration of polyurethane resin, etc., are used to control the size and amount (number) of foam 3.
- the resulting solution is degassed under reduced pressure to obtain a polyurethane resin solution.
- the polyurethane resin solution obtained in the preparation process is applied substantially uniformly in a sheet form to the belt-shaped film forming substrate at a normal temperature by a coating device such as a knife coater.
- the application thickness (application amount) of the polyurethane resin solution is adjusted by adjusting the gap (clearance) between the knife coater and the film forming substrate.
- a resin film, a fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or the like can be used. In this example, a PET film is used.
- the polyurethane resin solution applied to the film-forming substrate is continuously guided into a coagulating liquid (water-based coagulating liquid) whose main component is water which is a poor solvent for the polyurethane resin.
- a coagulating liquid water-based coagulating liquid
- an organic solvent such as DMF or a polar solvent other than DMF may be added to the coagulation liquid.
- water is used.
- the coagulating liquid first, a film is formed at the interface between the polyurethane resin solution and the coagulating liquid, and innumerable micropores constituting the skin layer 2a are formed in the polyurethane resin immediately adjacent to the film.
- regeneration of the polyurethane resin having a continuous foamed structure proceeds by a cooperative phenomenon of diffusion of DMF in the polyurethane resin solution into the coagulating liquid and penetration of water into the polyurethane resin.
- the PET film of the film formation substrate does not permeate water (coagulation liquid)
- the substitution of DMF and water occurs on the skin layer 2a side, and the film formation substrate side has a larger foam 3 than the skin layer 2a side. It is formed.
- the foam formation associated with the regeneration of the polyurethane resin will be described. Since the cohesive force of the polyurethane resin is increased, the regeneration proceeds rapidly in the polyurethane resin immediately adjacent to the film, and the skin layer 2a is formed.
- a polyurethane resin having a 100% modulus of less than 20 MPa is used.
- the viscosity of the polyurethane resin solution is in the range of 5 to 10 Pa ⁇ s. That is, a polyurethane resin solution in which a low modulus polyurethane resin is dissolved so as to have a low viscosity is used.
- the polyurethane resin in the polyurethane resin solution before solidification moves to the skin layer 2a side and aggregates.
- the amount of polyurethane resin is reduced on the film forming substrate side, so that foam 3 that is enlarged compared to the skin layer 2a side is formed.
- the porosity is increased due to enlargement of the foam 3 in comparison with the upper layer portion Ph.
- the skin layer 2a, foam 3 and micropores are formed, and the skin layer 2a is microporous, foamed 3 and microporous. Communicate with. Since the polyurethane resin is regenerated on the film forming substrate, the opening of the foam 4 is not formed on the back surface Sr formed in contact with the surface of the film forming substrate.
- the polyurethane resin regenerated in the regeneration step is washed in a washing solution such as water to remove DMF remaining in the polyurethane resin, and then dried.
- a cylinder dryer provided with a cylinder having a heat source is used for drying the polyurethane resin.
- the polyurethane resin is dried by passing along the peripheral surface of the cylinder.
- the obtained urethane sheet 2 is wound up into a roll.
- the urethane sheet 2 produced by the wet coagulation method and the double-sided tape 7 are bonded together.
- the back surface Sr of the urethane sheet 2 and the double-sided tape 7 are bonded together.
- an inspection is performed to confirm that there is no adhesion of scratches, dirt, foreign matter, etc., and the holding pad 10 is completed.
- a foamed structure of a urethane sheet formed by a conventional wet coagulation method will be described.
- a polyurethane resin solution applied on a film forming substrate such as a PET film coagulates in a coagulation liquid such as water.
- a coagulation liquid such as water.
- Foam 13 is formed.
- the foam 13 has a smaller diameter on the holding surface Sh side than the back surface Sr side, and is formed in a vertical direction along the thickness direction.
- a hole formed in a cross section parallel to the holding surface Sh near the holding surface Sh and a hole formed in a cross section parallel to the back surface Sr near the back surface Sr are formed so as to be separated from each other.
- the holding surface Sh side is large as the extent of separation. That is, as shown in FIG. 4 (A), the vicinity of the holding surface Sh is 10% of the thickness of the urethane sheet 12 from the holding surface Sh (position of arrow B), and the vicinity of the back surface Sr is from the back surface Sr to the urethane sheet 12.
- the position is 10% of the thickness (indicated by arrow C).
- the holes formed by the foam 13 are formed apart from each other in the cross section along the line BB near the holding surface Sh.
- FIG. 4C even the hole formed by the foam 13 in the cross section along the line CC in the vicinity of the back surface Sr is formed apart.
- the hole formed in the cross section along the line CC is closer to the hole formed in the cross section along the line BB, but the hole formed in the cross section near the back surface Sr of the urethane sheet 2 constituting the holding pad 10 described above. Compared to each other, they are formed apart (see FIG. 2C).
- the upper layer portion has a porosity of about 30 to 45% and the lower layer portion has a porosity of 70% or less.
- the foam-formed portion and the resin portion have different amounts of compressive deformation when a polishing pressure is applied during the polishing process, making it difficult to satisfy the demand for high flatness of the object to be polished. That is, in the holding pad 20, since the density unevenness occurs, the magnitude of stress applied to the object to be polished is locally different, and it becomes difficult to uniformly polish the processed surface of the object to be polished over the entire area. Therefore, the holding pad 20 is not sufficient to satisfy the high-precision flatness required for a semiconductor WF or FPD glass substrate that tends to be large and thin.
- the porosity of the lower layer portion Pr sandwiched between the inner surface and the cross section parallel to the back surface Sr is adjusted to 70% or more and 95% or less.
- the ratio B / A of the maximum hole diameter B of the holes formed in the cross section showing the maximum value is adjusted in the range of 20-50. That is, the foam having a foam diameter 20 to 50 times larger than the average pore diameter of the foam formed in the vicinity of the holding surface Sh is formed in a cross section in which the opening ratio in the lower layer portion Pr has the maximum value. For this reason, the lower layer part Pr which is flexible and has abundant foam 3 plays a role of an air cushion, and can easily disperse the pressure (polishing pressure) applied to the object to be polished.
- the foamed shape in the lower layer part Pr is compressed and deformed according to the pressure applied to the object to be polished, so that it fits the warp and swell of the object to be polished. Since the burden (repulsive stress) can be reduced, the flatness of the object to be polished can be highly improved.
- the maximum value of the aperture ratio indicating the ratio of the total area of the holes formed by the foam 3 per unit area in the cross section parallel to the back surface Sr in the lower layer part Pr is 80% or more and 95% or less.
- the diameter of the foam 3 is enlarged in the lower layer portion Pr, particularly in the vicinity of the back surface Sr, and sufficient cushioning properties can be secured.
- the aperture ratio in the range of 82 to 90% in consideration of securing the amount of compressive deformation.
- the porosity of the upper layer portion Ph sandwiched between the cross sections parallel to Sh is adjusted to 35% or more and 55% or less. For this reason, since the partition wall of the polyurethane resin is thicker than the lower layer part Pr and the rigidity is ensured, it is possible to suppress sinking of the workpiece to the holding pad side during polishing. If the holding pad has insufficient rigidity and the sinking of the object to be polished becomes large, the holding pad (urethane sheet) itself may be ground during polishing.
- the polishing process can be continued without grinding the urethane sheet 2.
- the porosity of the upper layer portion Ph is less than 35%, the rigidity increases, but the hardness increases. On the other hand, it is difficult to improve the flatness. In consideration of securing rigidity from the viewpoint of improving flatness, it is preferable to adjust the porosity of the upper layer portion Ph to a range of 40 to 50%.
- the urethane sheet 2 since the urethane sheet 2 has the above-described foamed structure, the rigidity necessary for suppressing sinking of the object to be polished is ensured in the upper layer part Ph, and the stress on the object to be polished is determined in the lower layer part Pr. Since cushioning properties necessary for equalization are ensured, a single urethane sheet 2 can achieve both rigidity and cushioning properties. A resin sheet having rigidity and a resin sheet having cushioning properties can be bonded together, but in this case, the two resin sheets may be peeled off during polishing. Therefore, in the holding pad 10, since the urethane sheet 2 has both rigidity and cushioning properties, the flatness of the object to be polished can be improved.
- the holding pad 10 provided with the polyurethane resin-made urethane sheet 2 was illustrated, this invention is not limited to this.
- a resin such as polyethylene may be used, and there is no particular limitation as long as it is a resin that can form the above-described foamed structure by a wet coagulation method.
- the holding pad 10 comprised by bonding together the urethane sheet 2 and the double-sided tape 7 which has a base material
- this invention is not restrict
- the holding pad only needs to include the urethane sheet 2 and an adhesive for mounting on the polishing machine.
- the various adhesives are used for the urethane sheet 2 (the back surface Sr). You may make it apply to.
- the base material of the double-sided tape 7 served as the support material of the holding pad 10
- the present invention is not limited to this, and between the urethane sheet 2 and the double-sided tape 7.
- Another support material may be bonded together.
- Such a support material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a film made of PET, a nonwoven fabric, and the like.
- the back surface Sr is set so that the holding surface Sh and the back surface Sr are parallel to each other.
- the side is preferably smoothed by a method such as buffing or slicing. In this way, the flatness of the holding surface Sh can be further improved.
- Example 1 In Example 1, a polyester MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate) polyurethane resin having a 100% resin modulus of 10 MPa was used for producing the urethane sheet 2 and dissolved in DMF at a ratio of 18% by weight, and then 1% by weight with respect to the polyurethane resin. 5 wt% carbon black was added to the polyurethane resin, and a polyurethane resin solution having a viscosity of 3.3 Pa ⁇ s was prepared using a B-type rotational viscometer. When applying the polyurethane resin solution, the clearance of the coating device was set to 0.7 mm.
- a polyester MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate) polyurethane resin having a 100% resin modulus of 10 MPa was used for producing the urethane sheet 2 and dissolved in DMF at a ratio of 18% by weight, and then 1% by weight with respect to the polyurethane resin. 5 wt% carbon black was added to the poly
- the polyurethane resin was completely regenerated by dipping in water (coagulating liquid) at a temperature of 25 ° C. After washing and drying, the back surface Sr side of the obtained urethane sheet 2 was buffed, and the double-sided tape 7 was bonded to the buff surface to manufacture the holding pad 10.
- Example 2 In Example 2, after the same polyurethane resin as in Example 1 was dissolved in DMF at a ratio of 20% by weight, 1% by weight of a hydrophilic additive with respect to the polyurethane resin and 5% by weight of carbon with respect to the polyurethane resin. Black was added, and a polyurethane resin solution having a viscosity of 5.3 Pa ⁇ s was prepared with a B-type rotational viscometer. The clearance of the coating apparatus was set to 1.0 mm, and the polyurethane resin solution was applied to the film forming substrate, and then immersed in water at a temperature of 10 ° C. to completely regenerate the polyurethane resin. After washing and drying, the back surface Sr side of the obtained urethane sheet 2 was buffed, and the double-sided tape 7 was bonded to the buff surface to manufacture the holding pad 10.
- Example 3 In Example 3, the same polyurethane resin as in Example 1 was dissolved in DMF at a ratio of 21% by weight, and then 3% by weight of hydrophilic additive with respect to the polyurethane resin and 5% by weight of carbon with respect to the polyurethane resin. Black was added, and a polyurethane resin solution having a viscosity of 8.2 Pa ⁇ s was prepared with a B-type rotational viscometer. The clearance of the coating apparatus was set to 1.0 mm, and the polyurethane resin solution was applied to the film forming substrate, and then immersed in water at a temperature of 10 ° C. to completely regenerate the polyurethane resin. After washing and drying, the back surface Sr side of the obtained urethane sheet 2 was buffed, and the double-sided tape 7 was bonded to the buff surface to manufacture the holding pad 10.
- Example 4 In Example 4, after the same polyurethane resin as in Example 1 was dissolved in DMF at a ratio of 21% by weight, 5% by weight of hydrophilic additive with respect to the polyurethane resin and 5% by weight of carbon with respect to the polyurethane resin. Black was added, and a polyurethane resin solution having a viscosity of 7.9 Pa ⁇ s was prepared with a B-type rotational viscometer. The clearance of the coating apparatus was set to 1.0 mm, and the polyurethane resin solution was applied to the film-forming substrate, and then immersed in water at a temperature of 25 ° C. to completely regenerate the polyurethane resin. After washing and drying, the back surface Sr side of the obtained urethane sheet 2 was buffed, and the double-sided tape 7 was bonded to the buff surface to manufacture the holding pad 10.
- Example 5 In Example 5, the same polyurethane resin as in Example 1 was dissolved in DMF at a ratio of 21.5% by weight, then 1% by weight of hydrophilic additive with respect to the polyurethane resin, and 5% by weight with respect to the polyurethane resin. And a polyurethane resin solution having a viscosity of 9.5 Pa ⁇ s was prepared using a B-type rotational viscometer. The clearance of the coating apparatus was set to 1.2 mm, and the polyurethane resin solution was applied to the film forming substrate, and then immersed in water at a temperature of 10 ° C. to completely regenerate the polyurethane resin. After washing and drying, the back surface Sr side of the obtained urethane sheet 2 was buffed, and the double-sided tape 7 was bonded to the buff surface to manufacture the holding pad 10.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, the same polyurethane resin as in Example 1 was dissolved in DMF at a ratio of 21% by weight, and then 1% by weight of hydrophilic additive with respect to the polyurethane resin and 5% by weight of carbon with respect to the polyurethane resin. Black was added, and a polyurethane resin solution having a viscosity of 8.2 Pa ⁇ s was prepared with a B-type rotational viscometer. The clearance of the coating apparatus was set to 0.7 mm, and the polyurethane resin solution was applied to the film-forming substrate, and then immersed in water at a temperature of 25 ° C. to completely regenerate the polyurethane resin.
- the holding pad 20 of Comparative Example 1 is a conventional holding pad (see also FIG. 3).
- Each obtained tomographic image was subjected to image processing by SEM image analysis software “Scandium” (manufactured by Olympus Soft-Imaging Solutions) to obtain images with different shades.
- the density range (threshold value) is visually set so that it matches the image with the dark portion as the opening, and the total aperture area per observation area is calculated by integrating as the opening. It calculated
- the sum of the aperture ratios obtained from the tomographic images in the regions of the upper layer part Ph and the lower layer part Pr was obtained, and the percentage divided by the sum of the observation areas of the upper layer part Ph and the lower layer part Pr was taken as the porosity.
- such a porosity can be obtained by grinding the surface of the urethane sheet by a certain thickness by buffing or slicing and observing the ground surface with an SEM or a microscope.
- the maximum value of the aperture ratio was obtained from the aperture ratio obtained in the measurement of the porosity.
- the foam diameter ratio was determined as follows. That is, an average opening diameter of openings formed within a range of 3.3 mm 2 in a cross section parallel to the holding surface Sh inside by 10% of the entire thickness from the holding surface Sh is calculated using “Scandium” and the minimum foaming diameter is obtained. did.
- the maximum opening diameter is calculated by using “Scandium” to calculate the maximum opening diameter among the openings formed in the range of 3.3 mm 2 in the section showing the maximum value of the aperture ratio in the lower layer portion Pr and not contacting the boundary of the observation region.
- the diameter The ratio of the maximum foam diameter to the minimum foam diameter was determined as the foam diameter ratio. Since the minimum foam diameter and the maximum foam diameter correspond to the average pore diameter A and the maximum pore diameter B described above, the foam diameter ratio indicates the ratio B / A described above.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the void ratio, the maximum value of the aperture ratio, and the foam diameter ratio.
- the porosity of the upper layer portion Ph was 41.4%, and the porosity of the lower layer portion Pr was 68.6%.
- the aperture ratio increases as the thickness from the front surface increases, that is, the closer to the rear surface Sr, the maximum aperture ratio is about 75%.
- the porosity of the upper layer portion Ph is in the range of 38.3% to 50.2%, and the porosity of the lower layer portion Pr is 77.2 to 88. It was in the range of 3%.
- the porosity of the upper layer portion Ph is in the range of 38.3% to 50.2%
- the porosity of the lower layer portion Pr is 77.2 to 88. It was in the range of 3%.
- the urethane sheet 2 of Example 1 as is apparent from FIG.
- the width W between the adjacent convex part (peak part) and the convex part and the height S between the convex part and the concave part (valley part) are calculated.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the flatness a.
- the flatness a of the processed glass substrate was 0.0007.
- the flatness a was 0.0003 to 0.0005, and all showed results superior to Comparative Example 1.
- the foam 3 formed by the wet coagulation method is formed with the porosity in the upper layer Ph in the range of 35 to 55% and the urethane in the porosity in the lower layer Pr in the range of 70 to 95%. It became clear that the use of the holding pad 10 provided with the sheet 2 can improve the flatness accuracy of the holding surface Sh and improve the in-plane uniformity of the object to be polished.
- the present invention provides a holding pad that can improve the flatness accuracy of the holding surface and improve the in-plane uniformity of the object to be polished, it contributes to the manufacture and sale of the holding pad. Have potential.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、本実施形態の保持パッド10は、ポリウレタン樹脂製の樹脂シートとしてのウレタンシート2を備えている。ウレタンシート2は、湿式凝固法により形成されており、被研磨物を保持するための保持面Shを有している。
保持パッド10は、湿式凝固法により形成されたウレタンシート2と両面テープ7とを貼り合わせることで製造される。すなわち、ポリウレタン樹脂溶液を準備する準備工程、成膜基材にポリウレタン樹脂溶液を塗布し、凝固液中でポリウレタン樹脂溶液を凝固させポリウレタン樹脂を再生させる凝固再生工程、シート状のポリウレタン樹脂を洗浄し乾燥させる洗浄・乾燥工程、得られたウレタンシート2と両面テープ7とを貼り合わせるラミネート工程を経て保持パッド10が製造される。以下、工程順に説明する。
次に、本実施形態の保持パッド10の作用等について説明する。
実施例1では、ウレタンシート2の作製に、100%樹脂モジュラスが10MPaのポリエステルMDI(ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート)ポリウレタン樹脂を用い、DMFに18重量%の割合で溶解させたのち、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し1重量%の親水性添加剤、および、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し5重量%のカーボンブラックを加え、B型回転粘度計で3.3Pa・sの粘度を有するポリウレタン樹脂溶液を調製した。ポリウレタン樹脂溶液を塗布する際に塗布装置のクリアランスを0.7mmに設定した。PET製フィルムの成膜基材にポリウレタン樹脂溶液を塗布した後、温度25℃の水(凝固液)に浸漬してポリウレタン樹脂を完全に再生させた。洗浄、乾燥後、得られたウレタンシート2の裏面Sr側をバフィングし、バフ面に両面テープ7を貼り合わせ保持パッド10を製造した。
実施例2では、実施例1と同じポリウレタン樹脂をDMFに20重量%の割合で溶解させたのち、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し1重量%の親水性添加剤、および、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し5重量%のカーボンブラックを加え、B型回転粘度計で5.3Pa・sの粘度を有するポリウレタン樹脂溶液を調製した。塗布装置のクリアランスを1.0mmに設定し、成膜基材にポリウレタン樹脂溶液を塗布した後、温度10℃の水に浸漬してポリウレタン樹脂を完全に再生させた。洗浄、乾燥後、得られたウレタンシート2の裏面Sr側をバフィングし、バフ面に両面テープ7を貼り合わせ保持パッド10を製造した。
実施例3では、実施例1と同じポリウレタン樹脂をDMFに21重量%の割合で溶解させたのち、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し3重量%の親水性添加剤、および、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し5重量%のカーボンブラックを加え、B型回転粘度計で8.2Pa・sの粘度を有するポリウレタン樹脂溶液を調製した。塗布装置のクリアランスを1.0mmに設定し、成膜基材にポリウレタン樹脂溶液を塗布した後、温度10℃の水に浸漬してポリウレタン樹脂を完全に再生させた。洗浄、乾燥後、得られたウレタンシート2の裏面Sr側をバフィングし、バフ面に両面テープ7を貼り合わせ保持パッド10を製造した。
実施例4では、実施例1と同じポリウレタン樹脂をDMFに21重量%の割合で溶解させたのち、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し5重量%の親水性添加剤、および、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し5重量%のカーボンブラックを加え、B型回転粘度計で7.9Pa・sの粘度を有するポリウレタン樹脂溶液を調製した。塗布装置のクリアランスを1.0mmに設定し、成膜基材にポリウレタン樹脂溶液を塗布した後、温度25℃の水に浸漬してポリウレタン樹脂を完全に再生させた。洗浄、乾燥後、得られたウレタンシート2の裏面Sr側をバフィングし、バフ面に両面テープ7を貼り合わせ保持パッド10を製造した。
実施例5では、実施例1と同じポリウレタン樹脂をDMFに21.5重量%の割合で溶解させたのち、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し1重量%の親水性添加剤、および、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し5重量%のカーボンブラックを加え、B型回転粘度計で9・5Pa・sの粘度を有するポリウレタン樹脂溶液を調製した。塗布装置のクリアランスを1.2mmに設定し、成膜基材にポリウレタン樹脂溶液を塗布した後、温度10℃の水に浸漬してポリウレタン樹脂を完全に再生させた。洗浄、乾燥後、得られたウレタンシート2の裏面Sr側をバフィングし、バフ面に両面テープ7を貼り合わせ保持パッド10を製造した。
比較例1では、実施例1と同じポリウレタン樹脂をDMFに21重量%の割合で溶解させたのち、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し1重量%の親水性添加剤、および、ポリウレタン樹脂に対し5重量%のカーボンブラックを加え、B型回転粘度計で8.2Pa・sの粘度を有するポリウレタン樹脂溶液を調整した。塗布装置のクリアランスを0.7mmに設定し、成膜基材にポリウレタン樹脂溶液を塗布した後、温度25℃の水に浸漬してポリウレタン樹脂を完全に再生させた。洗浄、乾燥後、得られたウレタンシート12の裏面Sr側をバフィングし、バフ面に両面テープ7を貼り合わせ保持パッド20を製造した。すなわち、比較例1の保持パッド20は、従来の保持パッドである(図3も参照)。
得られた各実施例および比較例のウレタンシートについて、上層部Phおよび下層部Prの空隙率、開口率の最大値、最小発泡径に対する最大発泡径の比を示す発泡径比(Max/Min)を測定した。空隙率の測定は次のようにして行った。すなわち、三次元計測X線CT装置(ヤマト科学製、TDM1000-IS/SP)を用いて断面をスキャンし、保持面Shから10μm間隔の連続断層画像を得た。得られた各断層画像をSEM用画像解析ソフトウエア『Scandium』(Olympus Soft-Imaging Solutions社製)により画像処理することでそれぞれ濃淡のある画像を得た。濃淡のある画像のそれぞれについて、濃部を開口部として濃度範囲(閾値)を画像と一致するように目視で設定し、開口部として積算することにより、観測面積あたりに占める総開口面積の割合を開口率として求めた。続いて、上層部Ph、下層部Prの領域における断層画像から求めた開口率の和をそれぞれ求め、上層部Ph、下層部Prの観測面積の和で除した百分率を空隙率とした。このような空隙率は、簡便法として、ウレタンシートの表面からバフィングやスライスにより一定厚み分ずつ研削し、研削加工表面をSEMやマイクロスコープ等で観察することにより空隙率を求めることもできる。開口率の最大値は、空隙率の測定において求めた開口率から求めた。発泡径比は、次のようにして求めた。すなわち、保持面Shから厚み全体の10%分内側で保持面Shと平行な断面における3.3mm2の範囲に形成された開口の平均開口径を『Scandium』を用いて算出し最小発泡径とした。下層部Prの領域で開口率の最大値を示す断面における3.3mm2の範囲に形成され観測領域の境界に接していない開口のうち最大の開口径を『Scandium』を用いて算出し最大発泡径とした。最小発泡径に対する最大発泡径の比を発泡径比として求めた。最小発泡径、最大発泡径がそれぞれ上述した平均孔径A、最大孔径Bに対応することから、発泡径比は、上述した比B/Aを示している。空隙率、開口率の最大値、発泡径比の測定結果を下表1に示す。
各実施例および比較例の保持パッドを用いて、以下の研磨条件で液晶ディスプレイ用ガラス基板(470mm×370mm×0.7mm)の研磨加工を行い、日本工業規格(JIS B 0601:’82)に準じた方法で、ろ波中心うねりから平坦度aを求めた。平坦度aの測定では、表面粗さ形状測定機(株式会社東京精密製、サーフコム480A)を使用し、以下の測定条件で測定した。基板表面の凹凸に起因して得られる測定曲線から、隣り合う凸部(山部)と凸部との間の幅W、および、凸部と凹部(谷部)との高さSを算出し、幅Wを横軸、高さSを縦軸とした散布図を作成した。散布図から、一次式S=aWの近似直線を求め、傾きaを研磨加工後の最終の平坦度aとした。平坦性が高くなるほど幅Wが大きくなり、高さSが小さくなるため、傾きaが小さいほど平坦性に優れることを示すこととなる。平坦度aの測定結果を表1にあわせて示した。
(研磨条件)
使用研磨機:オスカー研磨機(スピードファム社製、SP-1200)
研磨速度(回転数):61rpm
加工圧力:76gf/cm2
スラリ:セリウムスラリ
研磨時間:30min
(ろ波中心うねり測定条件)
評価長さ:90mm
測定速度:3.0mm/s
カットオフ値:0.8~8.0mm
フィルタ種別:2RC
測定レンジ:±40.0μm
傾斜補正:スプライン
Claims (10)
- 湿式凝固法により縦型発泡が形成され被研磨物を保持するための保持面を有する樹脂シートを備えた保持パッドにおいて、前記樹脂シートは、前記保持面の背面から厚み全体の10%分内側までの範囲に前記発泡の底部が形成されており、かつ、前記背面から前記厚み全体の10%分内側で前記背面と平行な断面と40%分内側で前記背面と平行な断面とで挟まれた下層部の空隙率が70%以上95%以下であることを特徴とする保持パッド。
- 前記樹脂シートは、前記保持面から前記厚み全体の10%分内側で前記保持面と平行な断面に前記発泡で形成された孔の平均孔径をAとし、前記下層部における前記保持面と平行な断面に前記発泡で形成された孔の最大孔径をBとしたときに、比B/Aが20~50の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の保持パッド。
- 前記樹脂シートは、前記保持面から厚み全体の10%分内側で前記保持面と平行な断面と40%分内側で前記保持面と平行な断面とで挟まれた上層部の空隙率が35%以上55%以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の保持パッド。
- 前記樹脂シートは、前記下層部の空隙率が75%以上90%以下であり、前記上層部の空隙率が40%以上50%以下であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の保持パッド。
- 前記樹脂シートの下層部では、前記保持面と平行な断面のうち単位面積あたりに前記発泡で形成された孔の総面積の比率が最大を示す断面で前記比率の最大値が80%以上95%以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の保持パッド。
- 前記樹脂シートは、ポリウレタン樹脂で形成されたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の保持パッド。
- 前記樹脂シートは、前記発泡間のポリウレタン樹脂が微多孔状に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の保持パッド。
- 前記ポリウレタン樹脂は、100%モジュラスが20MPaより小さいことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の保持パッド。
- 更に前記樹脂シートの前記背面側に研磨機に装着するための粘着材が塗着されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の保持パッド。
- 前記樹脂シートと前記粘着材との間に更に前記樹脂シートを支持するための支持材が貼り合わされたことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の保持パッド。
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JP6231185B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-19 | 2017-11-15 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | ポリウレタン支持パッドの製造方法 |
KR101527348B1 (ko) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-06-09 | 대원화성 주식회사 | 내구성이 향상된 유지패드 |
JP6311186B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-04 | 2018-04-18 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 研磨パッド及びその製造方法 |
CN105269451A (zh) * | 2014-07-02 | 2016-01-27 | 大元化成株式会社 | 具有高精度的平坦度的保持垫 |
JP6940363B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-10 | 2021-09-29 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 保持パッド及びその製造方法 |
JP7323401B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-25 | 2023-08-08 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 研磨パッド及びその製造方法、並びに研磨加工品の製造方法 |
JP7553256B2 (ja) | 2020-03-19 | 2024-09-18 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 保持パッド、その製造方法、及び研磨加工品の製造方法 |
JP7474087B2 (ja) | 2020-03-19 | 2024-04-24 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 保持パッド、その製造方法、及び研磨加工品の製造方法 |
JP7518716B2 (ja) | 2020-09-29 | 2024-07-18 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 保持パッド |
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JP2005224888A (ja) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-08-25 | Nitta Haas Inc | 被研磨加工物の保持材 |
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JPH0959395A (ja) * | 1995-08-22 | 1997-03-04 | Rodel Nitta Kk | 研磨用パッド |
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