WO2011024320A1 - 両面摩擦攪拌接合方法、接合装置、冷間圧延設備の金属板接合方法及び冷間圧延設備 - Google Patents
両面摩擦攪拌接合方法、接合装置、冷間圧延設備の金属板接合方法及び冷間圧延設備 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011024320A1 WO2011024320A1 PCT/JP2009/065221 JP2009065221W WO2011024320A1 WO 2011024320 A1 WO2011024320 A1 WO 2011024320A1 JP 2009065221 W JP2009065221 W JP 2009065221W WO 2011024320 A1 WO2011024320 A1 WO 2011024320A1
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- friction stir
- stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1265—Non-butt welded joints, e.g. overlap-joints, T-joints or spot welds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
- B23K37/0211—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track
- B23K37/0235—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track the guide member forming part of a portal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/0408—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work for planar work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal plate joining method and joining apparatus, and a metal plate joining method and cold rolling equipment for cold rolling equipment.
- a friction stir welding technique is known in which materials are stirred and joined in a solid phase state where the joining member is below the melting point. This joining technique has been put to practical use in various industrial fields, mainly with aluminum alloy joining members. Various methods have been proposed for this joining technique.
- the most common friction stir welding is, for example, single-side friction stir welding as described in FIG. 12 of Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent No. 2712838) or Non-Patent Document 1. This is done by using a rotating tool in which a probe having a smaller diameter is provided at the tip of the tool body, and the periphery of the probe mounting portion at the tip of the tool body is configured as a shoulder portion. It is inserted from one side of the joining part (for example, the abutting part), friction stir using friction heat generated by rotating the rotary tool, and joined.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 3261433
- Japanese Patent No. 3261433 Japanese Patent No. 3261433
- a support roller for supporting the pressing force to the other side by the rotating tool from the one side, and making the pressing force on the one side larger than the pressing force on the other side A technique for performing friction stir welding from both the front and back surfaces by moving the joining member is described.
- Patent Document 1 The one-side friction stir welding described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 has the following problems.
- the thermal efficiency is not good and there are limits to speeding up due to increased load per rotating tool.
- the thickness of the joining member is thin in single-sided friction stir welding, the distance between the shoulder surface and the backing plate is shortened, and the joining part is pressed against the backing plate in a high temperature state. It may stick on the contact surface with the plate. For this reason, butt-joining with a plate thickness of about 1 mm has been difficult to put into practical use.
- the allowable shear force of the material (metal plate) for friction stir welding changes according to the plate thickness, and decreases as the plate thickness decreases.
- the metal plate was particularly liable to break when the thickness of the metal plate was 3 mm or less.
- Patent Document 2 when the metal plate is a hollow member or a thick plate member, the rotation tool is disposed opposite to the one surface side and the other surface side, and the other surface side by the rotation tool from the one surface side. Friction stir welding is performed from both the front and back surfaces by providing a support roller that supports the pressing force to the surface, making the pressing force on the one side larger than the pressing force on the other side, and moving the metal plate. In this case, the position of the metal plate is held by the pressing force of the rotating tool from one side and the reaction force of the support roller, and the restraining force in the direction perpendicular to the joining direction is only the friction force between the support roller and the metal plate. It becomes.
- the two rotary tools are relative to each other in a state in which there is substantially no gap between the probe tips on the front surface side and the back surface side of the butted portion of the metal plate. It arrange
- the surface pressure at the contact surface between the shoulder portion surface and the metal plate surface varies due to a minute variation in the thickness of the metal plate. Due to the variation in the surface pressure, there is a problem that the amount of frictional heat varies and the quality of the joint is degraded.
- the third is the problem of tool life and economy.
- the probe insertion amount of the rotary tool is half of the metal plate thickness.
- the probe insertion amount becomes deeper, so that the probe diameter needs to be increased in order to prevent the probe from being broken by the moment acting on the inserted probe.
- the joining speed is limited according to the probe insertion amount, and there is a limit to shortening the tact time, and there is also a limit to reducing the thermal load of the rotary tool, so there is a limit to improving the tool life.
- the probe length must be changed accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a large number of rotating tools having different probe lengths in accordance with the thickness of the metal plate, which is not economical. There's a problem.
- the object of the present invention is to suppress the breakage of the metal plate and bonding failure, increase the bonding strength, and improve the reliability of the bonding strength when a metal plate having a thickness smaller than the diameter of the shoulder portion of the rotary tool is bonded on both sides.
- a first invention that solves the above-described problem is an upper and lower rotary tool in which a probe having a smaller diameter is provided at the tip of a tool body, and the periphery of the probe mounting portion at the tip of the tool body is configured as a shoulder portion.
- the abutting part which is a joining part of the two metal plates, from the front side and the back side, and frictionally stirred using the frictional heat generated by rotating the upper and lower rotary tools, and the two metals
- the front and back surfaces of the two metal plates having a thickness smaller than the diameter of the shoulder portion of the upper and lower rotary tools are gripped by the first and second gripping devices, respectively.
- the upper and lower rotary tools are arranged so as to face each other on the front side and the rear side of the abutting portion of the metal plate, and the upper and lower rotary tools are moved toward each other.
- a predetermined gap is provided between the probe tips of the upper and lower rotary tools, and the shoulder portions of the upper and lower rotary tools are pressed against the front side and the rear side of the abutting portion. In this state, the upper and lower rotary tools are moved along the abutting portion. The rotary tool is moved while rotating and friction stir welding is performed.
- the second invention for solving the above-described problem is an upper and lower portion in which a probe having a smaller diameter is provided at the tip portion of the tool body, and the periphery of the attachment portion of the probe at the tip portion of the tool body is configured as a shoulder portion.
- the rotating tool is inserted into the overlapping portion, which is a joining portion of two metal plates, from the front surface side and the back surface side, and friction stirring is performed using friction heat generated by rotating the upper and lower rotating tools, and the 2
- the front and back surfaces of the two metal plates having a thickness smaller than the diameter of the shoulder portion of the upper and lower rotary tools are respectively gripped by the first and second gripping devices,
- the upper and lower rotary tools are arranged so as to face each other on the front side and the rear side of the overlapping portion of the two metal plates, and the upper and lower rotary tools are moved toward each other.
- a predetermined gap is provided between the probe tips of the upper and lower rotary tools, and the shoulder portions of the upper and lower rotary tools are pressed against the front surface side and the back surface side of the overlapping portion, and in this state, the overlapping portion
- the upper and lower rotary tools are rotated and moved along the friction stir welding.
- a third invention is the double-side friction stir welding method of the first or second invention, wherein the axis of the upper and lower rotary tools is tilted in the direction in which each probe precedes the traveling direction of the rotary tool, Friction stir welding is performed in this state.
- a fourth invention is the double-sided friction stir welding method according to any one of the first to third inventions, wherein the gap between the probe tips of the upper and lower rotary tools is set to the thickness of the joint between the two metal plates. In contrast, the ratio is 1% or more and 50% or less.
- a fifth invention is the double-side friction stir welding method according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, wherein the distance between the first gripping device and the second gripping device is 1.5 times the diameter of the tool body. It is characterized by being 5 times or less.
- the sixth invention is characterized in that, in the double-sided friction stir welding method according to any one of the first to fifth inventions, the rotation directions of the upper and lower rotary tools are reversed on the front surface side and the back surface side.
- the seventh invention is characterized in that, in the double-side friction stir welding method according to any one of the first to sixth inventions, the diameters of the shoulder portions of the upper and lower rotary tools are made the same.
- An eighth invention is the double-sided friction stir welding method according to any one of the third to seventh inventions, wherein when the thickness of the metal plate is 2 mm or less, the tilt angle of the axis of the upper and lower rotary tools is It is characterized in that it is more than 0 ° and not more than 3 °.
- a ninth invention is characterized in that, in the double-sided friction stir welding method according to any one of the third to eighth inventions, the tilt angles of the shaft centers of the upper and lower rotary tools are made the same.
- a tenth invention is the double-sided friction stir welding method according to any one of the first to ninth inventions, wherein the upper and lower rotary tools press the joint portion of the two metal plates from the front surface side and the back surface side.
- the pressing force is the same on the front side and the back side.
- the double-sided friction stir welding method according to any one of the first, third to tenth aspects of the present invention, when the thickness of the two metal plates is different, The two metal plates are gripped by the first and second gripping devices so that no step is generated on either side, and the rotary tool on the side where the step is generated is selected from the upper and lower rotary tools.
- the rotating tool is rotated in a direction in which the thin side is an advancing side, and the rotating tool having no step is rotated in a direction opposite to the rotating direction of the rotating tool on which the step is generated.
- the step between the front surface and the back surface of the metal plate So that the two metal plates are gripped by the first and second gripping devices, and the upper and lower rotary tools are placed in the same direction so that the side with the thinner metal plate becomes the advanced side It is made to rotate.
- a thirteenth invention is the double-sided friction stir welding method according to any one of the first to twelfth inventions, wherein one of the upper and lower rotary tools is metal up to a predetermined insertion depth before the start of the friction stir welding. Move with position control with respect to the thickness direction of the plate, keep the insertion depth of the rotary tool, and send it with position control from the joint end face to the direction of rotation of the rotary tool. Insert the rotary tool into the metal plate to start friction stir welding, and then feed the rotary tool while holding the position of the rotary tool in the thickness direction of the metal plate until the end of the friction stir welding.
- the joint is moved to the planned insertion depth by position control with respect to the thickness direction of the metal plate and the insertion depth of the rotary tool is maintained.
- End face Send it by position control in the traveling direction of the rotary tool, insert the rotary tool into the metal plate from the end face of the joint with position control in the thickness direction of the metal plate, start friction stir welding,
- the load is controlled in a constant manner to control the insertion position of the rotary tool so that the load of the rotary tool becomes a predetermined value during the feed, and the friction stir welding is performed.
- the control is switched to position control for maintaining the insertion position of the rotary tool at that time, and the joint terminal end is passed through to perform friction stir welding.
- a fourteenth invention is the double-sided friction stir welding method according to any one of the first to twelfth inventions, wherein the upper and lower rotary tools are positioned with respect to the thickness direction of the metal plate to a predetermined insertion depth before the start of the friction stir welding.
- the control tool moved and holding the insertion depth of the rotary tool, it is sent by position control from the joint end face in the direction of travel of the rotary tool, and the rotary tool is inserted into the metal plate from the joint end face with position control.
- Friction stir welding is started, and after the friction stir welding is started, the load end control is performed to control the insertion position of the rotary tool so that the load of the rotary tool becomes a predetermined value.
- the position is switched to position control for maintaining the insertion position of the rotating tool at that time, and the joint end part is passed through to perform friction stir welding.
- a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the double-side friction stir welding method according to any one of the first to fourteenth aspects, wherein the upper and lower rotary tools are made of cemented tungsten carbide cemented carbide, tungsten alloy, or the like, and the two sheets
- the metal plate is made of a high melting point material having a melting point of 1000 ° C. or higher.
- an upper and lower rotary tool in which a probe having a smaller diameter is provided at the tip of a tool body, and the periphery of the probe mounting portion at the tip of the tool body is configured as a shoulder portion.
- first and second gripping devices for gripping front and back surfaces of two metal plates each having a thickness smaller than a diameter of a shoulder portion of the upper and lower rotary tools, and the upper and lower rotations
- One tool is provided, and the upper and lower rotary tools are arranged on the front side and the back side of the butted portion of the two metal plates so as to face each other.
- the apparatus and the lower friction stirrer and the rotary tools of the upper friction stirrer and the lower friction stirrer are moved in a direction approaching each other to give a predetermined gap between the probe tips of the upper and lower rotary tools and
- a probe having a smaller diameter is provided at the distal end portion of the tool body, and the periphery of the probe mounting portion at the distal end portion of the tool body is configured as a shoulder portion.
- the rotating tool is inserted into the overlapping portion, which is a joining portion of two metal plates, from the front surface side and the back surface side, and friction stirring is performed using friction heat generated by rotating the upper and lower rotating tools, and the 2
- the first and second gripping devices for gripping the front and back surfaces of two metal plates each having a thickness smaller than the diameter of the shoulder portion of the upper and lower rotary tools
- the upper and lower rotary tools are provided one by one, and the upper and lower rotary tools are arranged opposite to each other on the front side and the back side of the overlapping portion of the two metal plates.
- a friction stirrer and a lower friction stirrer, and the respective rotary tools of the upper friction stirrer and the lower friction stirrer are moved in a direction approaching each other to give a predetermined gap between the probe tips of the upper and lower rotary tools;
- a pressing and clearance adjusting device that presses a shoulder portion of the upper and lower rotating tools against the front surface side and the back surface side of the overlapping portion, and the upper and lower friction stirrer devices along the overlapping portion.
- a moving device for moving the rotary tool for moving the rotary tool.
- the upper and lower rotary tool shafts of the upper and lower friction stirrers are connected to respective probes in the traveling direction of the rotary tool. It further has a tilting support device that tilts and supports in the preceding direction.
- a twentieth invention is the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus according to any one of the seventeenth to nineteenth inventions, wherein the pressing and gap adjusting device sets the gap between the probe tips of the upper and lower rotary tools to the two sheets.
- the ratio is adjusted to 1% or more and 50% or less with respect to the thickness of the joint portion of the metal plate.
- the first and second gripping devices have a distance between the first and second gripping devices that is the tool body. It is characterized by being arranged to be 1.5 times or more and 5 times or less of the diameter.
- the upper and lower friction stirrers are configured so that the rotation directions of the respective rotary tools are reversed between the front side and the back side. It is made to rotate.
- a twenty-third aspect of the present invention is the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus according to any one of the nineteenth to twenty-second aspects of the present invention, wherein the inclined support device is provided with the upper and lower friction stirrers when the thickness of the metal plate is 2 mm or less.
- the tilt angle of the axis of the upper and lower rotary tools is set to be more than 0 ° and not more than 3 °.
- a twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention is the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus according to any one of the seventeenth to twenty-third aspects, wherein one of the rotating tools of the upper and lower friction stirrers is scheduled before the start of the friction stir welding.
- the other rotating tool is moved by position control with respect to the thickness direction of the metal plate to the expected insertion depth until the friction stir welding is started, and maintains the insertion depth of the rotating tool.
- a twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention is the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus according to any one of the seventeenth to twenty-third aspects of the present invention, wherein the upper and lower rotary tools of the upper and lower friction stirrers are moved to a predetermined insertion depth before the start of the friction stir welding.
- the position is controlled with respect to the thickness direction of the metal plate by moving the position in the thickness direction of the metal plate and maintaining the insertion depth of the rotating tool while maintaining the insertion depth of the rotating tool. Insert the rotary tool into the metal plate from the joint end face and start friction stir welding. After starting friction stir welding, control the insertion position of the rotary tool so that the load on the rotary tool becomes a predetermined value.
- the twenty-sixth invention is characterized in that the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus according to any of the seventeenth to twenty-fifth inventions is provided in a cold rolling facility.
- two metals having a thickness smaller than the diameter of the shoulder portion of the rotary tool are obtained by holding the front and back surfaces of the metal plate with the first and second holding devices. Even when the plates are joined by double-sided friction stir welding, the movement in the direction perpendicular to the joining direction of the metal plate material in the vicinity of the joint is restricted, so with the rejection force when passing through the probe that occurs during friction stir welding, The metal plate does not move in the direction perpendicular to the joining direction of the rotary tool, the clearance accuracy of the butted surfaces is ensured, and poor joining can be prevented.
- the surface pressure at the contact surface between the shoulder surface and the metal plate surface can be reduced due to a minute variation in the thickness of the metal plate. Can be avoided, the variation in the amount of frictional heat can be suppressed, and the deterioration of the quality of the joint (joint failure) can be prevented.
- the amount of insertion of the probe into the metal plate is smaller than half of the metal plate thickness. This shortens the probe length, thereby reducing the moment acting on the probe. As a result, it is not necessary to increase the probe diameter in order to prevent breakage of the probe, and accordingly, it is not necessary to increase the diameter of the shoulder portion, thereby suppressing an increase in load during friction stir welding and downsizing the apparatus. , Can improve economy. Further, since the probe insertion amount is reduced, the joining speed can be increased, the tact time can be reduced, the amount of heat input to the rotating tool can be reduced, and the life of the rotating tool can be extended.
- a rotary tool having one type of probe within the gap length can be used.
- the running cost can be suppressed and the economy can be improved.
- the vertical pressing force from the two rotary tools and the heat generated by restraining the two metal plates with the first and second gripping devices are applied, and the unstirred new surface is solid-phase bonded.
- the unstirred surface is also firmly joined, and high tensile / bending strength can be obtained.
- the frictional stir welding is performed by inclining the axis of the upper and lower rotary tools, thereby increasing the surface pressure between the shoulder portion of the rotary tool and the material, and the variability generated during the friction stir welding is increased. And bonding defects can be suppressed.
- the plunging process is omitted, and when the vertical rotation tool is inserted from the end surface of the joint, the collision between the end surface of the joint and the side surface of the rotary tool is avoided, and the metal plate buckles at the end surface of the joint. To prevent such problems.
- the gap between the probe tips by setting the gap between the probe tips to be 50% or less of the thickness of the joint portion, an unstirred portion remains in the central portion, but the unstirred portion is stretched as described above, and By being pressed at a high temperature, it is firmly joined. Even if it is assumed that the unstirred portion is in an unjoined state, the bending strength of the joined portion can be kept at a reduction rate of about 13% or less as compared with the conventional case. By appropriately setting the joining rate (ratio of the thickness to be joined) according to the required bending strength for each joining material, a desired bending strength can be obtained without stirring the entire joining portion.
- the distance between the entry and exit side gripping devices can be 5 times or less of the tool diameter and shortening the distance between the joint and the gripping device. Stable bonding can be performed by suppressing buckling of the metal plate due to thermal expansion and thermal deformation caused by frictional heat generated during friction stir welding.
- the distance between the input and output side gripping devices can be 1.5 times the tool diameter or more, even if the rotary tool causes slight vibration, interference between the rotary tool and the input and output side gripping device is prevented, and the life of the device is shortened. Can be improved.
- the rotation direction of the upper and lower rotary tools is reversed between the front side and the back side, so that the shearing force by stirring from the front side and the shearing force by stirring from the back side are joined. It is possible to cancel the inside of the part, and to prevent the material from being broken.
- the gripping force of the gripping device can be reduced, and the gripping device can be simplified.
- the material abutting surface of the unstirred area between the upper and lower rotary tools is inclined by shearing force, or the overlapping surface is made S-shaped
- the oxide film is crushed by plastically deforming and extending the butted or overlapped surface of the unstirred region by plastic deformation.
- the unstirred region portion is also solid-phase bonded as described above.
- the seventh invention since the amount of heat input and the heat input range from the front and back surfaces are the same by making the shoulder diameter of the vertical rotation tool the same, the strength imbalance in the thickness direction is suppressed, and the front and back surfaces are reduced. The same tensile and bending strength can be obtained.
- the tilt angle is set to 3 ° or less when the axis of the upper and lower rotary tools is tilted to perform friction stir welding.
- the angle at which the probe at the tip of the vertical rotating tool tilts the tool axis in the direction preceding the traveling direction can be made the same, so that the front and back surfaces can be joined substantially in the same manner.
- the same tensile and bending strength can be obtained on the front and back surfaces.
- the tenth invention by pressing and rotating the upper and lower rotary tools with the same pressing force up and down, the upper and lower sides of the joint portion of the metal plate are in a uniform stress state, and the effect of suppressing breakage of the metal plate is obtained. It will be certain. Further, the transmission of the unbalance component of the pressing force to the first and second gripping devices is suppressed.
- the velocity vector on the outer peripheral side in the rotation of the rotating tool on the thin material side is rotated.
- the plastic flow from the thick side to the thin side is facilitated, and the excess plastic flow from the thin side to the thick side is increased.
- the position control of the lower rotating tool is maintained, and the upper rotating tool is switched to constant load control so that the friction can be stably maintained even when the thickness of the joint varies. Can be stirred.
- the load on the vertical rotation tool is constant, wear and breakage of the rotary tool can be suppressed, and the life of the rotary tool can be extended.
- the load of the vertical rotation tool is controlled to be constant so that the surface of the metal plate can be obtained even when the metal plate is thick or the metal plate has high rigidity.
- the heat input amount and heat input range from the side and the heat input amount and heat input range from the back side are the same, the residual stress on the front and back surfaces can be made uniform, and the metal plate can be prevented from warping.
- the rotating tool in addition to the state in which the thermal load per rotating tool is reduced by double-sided friction stir welding, the rotating tool is made of cemented tungsten carbide cemented carbide, tungsten alloy, or the like. Therefore, it is not necessary to use an expensive material such as polycrystalline diamond, and as a result, an economical rotary tool having a long tool life in friction stirring of a metal plate having a melting point of 1000 ° C. or higher can be provided.
- the double-sided friction stir welding of the present invention can join metal plates with a wide range of thicknesses from ultra-thin plates significantly below 1 mm to metal plates with a thickness of about 6 mm.
- the double-sided friction stir welding of the present invention to the joining of cold-rolled metal plates, the coil is circulated or the rolling direction is reversed, and a plurality of joining and rolling are performed, and a desired thickness is obtained.
- the rolling equipment for obtaining high strength and reliability it is possible to perform low-strength joining and high-productivity / high-yield cold rolling at low cost.
- the double-sided friction stir welding of the present invention can be used to join cold-rolled metal plates of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys having a maximum thickness of about 20 mm, which has been difficult to apply conventionally.
- non-ferrous metal cold rolling equipment with high strength and high reliability can be provided at low cost.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic front view of the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus of the metal plate concerning one embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic perspective view of the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus shown in FIG. It is a side view of the upper part of the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus shown in FIG. It is a double-sided friction stir welding apparatus for metal plates according to another embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram showing a method for mechanically synchronizing the axis of upper and lower rotary tools. It is an enlarged view of the front-end
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the state at the time of joining at the time of applying the joining method of this invention to the butt welding of two metal plates, and also shows the positional relationship (distance between probes) of the upper and lower rotary tools at the time of joining.
- FIG. A perspective view showing a state in which the rotation direction of the vertical rotation tool is the same direction, the shoulder diameter of the rotary tool is the same, and the axis of the rotary tool is tilted at the same angle with respect to the traveling direction of the rotary tool and friction stir welding is performed.
- FIG. 1 The perspective view which shows the state which makes the rotation direction of an up-and-down rotation tool the reverse direction, makes the rotation tool shoulder diameter the same, and inclines the axis center of a rotation tool at the same angle with respect to the advancing direction of a rotation tool, and is friction stir welding It is.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the entire facility in which the double-side friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention is applied to a reversible cold rolling facility.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a double-sided friction stir welding apparatus for metal plates according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus
- FIG. It is a side view of the upper part of a friction stir welding apparatus.
- a double-sided friction stir welding apparatus for metal plates is an entry side holding apparatus for holding the front and back surfaces of two metal plates 1 and 2, respectively. 7 (first gripping device) and exit-side gripping device 8 (second gripping device), and an upper friction stirring device 3 that is disposed on the surface side of the joint J of the metal plates 1 and 2 and is equipped with the upper rotating tool 5
- the lower friction stirrer 4 is disposed opposite to the upper friction stirrer 3 on the back side of the joint portion J of the metal plates 1 and 2, and the lower friction stirrer 4 is mounted with the lower rotating tool 6.
- the respective rotary tools 5 and 6 of the stirring device 4 are moved in a direction approaching each other to give a predetermined gap ⁇ (see FIG. 8) between the tips of the probes 13a and 13b of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 and rotate up and down.
- Shoulders 5b and 6b of the tools 5 and 6 see FIGS. 5 and 6)
- Upper and lower pressing and clearance adjusting devices 55 and 56 that press the front and back surfaces of the joint portion J of the two metal plates 1 and 2, and the upper friction stirrer 3 and the lower friction stirrer 4 along the joint J.
- the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 are moved in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the metal plates 1 and 2, and an upper moving device 57 and a lower moving device 58 are provided.
- the inlet side gripping device 7 and the outlet side gripping device 8 have upper and lower gripping plates 7a, 7b and 8a, 8b, respectively, and the upper and lower gripping plates 7a, 7b and 8a, 8b are integrated with the upper and lower housings 9, 10 respectively. It is provided and can be opened and closed by an opening / closing mechanism provided with a drive device (not shown). An oblique relief surface is formed on the end surface of the upper and lower grip plates 7a, 7b and 8a, 8b on the joint portion J side.
- the vertical friction stirrers 3 and 4 have upper and lower cylindrical bodies 53 and 54 that hold the rotary tools 5 and 6, respectively, and the cylindrical bodies 53 and 54 are at least partially in the upper main body case 51 and the lower main body case 52. It is stored in.
- an upper rotation motor 29a and a lower rotation motor 29b for driving the rotary tools 5 and 6 to rotate are incorporated.
- the upper pressing and clearance adjusting device 55 includes a pressing motor 61a provided in the upper main body case 51, a screw 62a rotated by the pressing motor 61a, and the rotation of the screw 62a. And a support frame 63a that moves linearly in the axial direction of the screw 62a.
- the cylinder 53 of the upper friction stirrer 3 is attached to the support frame 63a so as to move linearly in the axial direction of the screw 62a together with the support frame 63a. It has been.
- the lower pressing and gap adjusting device 56 is configured in the same manner.
- a subscript “b” is attached instead of the subscript “a” to a reference numeral indicating an element equivalent to the upper press and the gap adjusting device 55 of the lower press and the gap adjusting device 56.
- the upper moving device 57 includes left and right upper rails 11 and 11 fixed to the upper housing 9, left and right traveling frames 65a and 65a that support the upper body case 51 via shafts 64a and 64a, and left and right traveling frames 65a. , 65a and left and right and front and rear wheels 66a and 66a traveling on the upper rails 11 and 11, and left and right traveling frames 65a and 65a, and driving motors 67a and 67a for driving one of the front and rear wheels.
- the upper friction stirrer 3 travels on the upper rails 11 and 11 along the joints J of the metal plates 1 and 2 in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the metal plates 1 and 2.
- the lower moving device 58 is configured in the same manner, and the lower friction stirrer 4 travels on the lower rails 12 and 12 fixed to the lower housing 10 along the joints J of the metal plates 1 and 2. Travel in a direction perpendicular to the direction.
- a subscript b is attached to a reference numeral indicating an element equivalent to the upper moving device 57 of the lower moving device 58 instead of the subscript a.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a method for mechanically synchronizing the axis of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6.
- the upper and lower friction stirrers 3 and 4 are fixed to upper and lower housings 9A and 10A integrally connected to a C-shape. From the upper and lower housings 9A and 10A of the C-shape, wheels 71, screws 72, and a traveling motor 73 are connected. A traveling device 74 is provided.
- the wheel 71 is provided in the lower housing 10 ⁇ / b> A, the screw 72 is engaged with the lower housing 10 ⁇ / b> A, and the traveling motor 73 rotates the screw 72.
- the traveling motor 73 When the traveling motor 73 is driven by a command from the control device 75, the screw 72 is rotated, and the upper and lower housings 9A and 10A are orthogonal to the traveling direction of the metal plates 1 and 2 with the shaft centers of the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 synchronized. Drive in the direction you want.
- the joining apparatus is configured so that the shaft cores 14 of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 of the upper and lower friction stirrers 3 and 4 are respectively connected to the traveling directions of the rotary tools 5 and 6.
- the probe 13a, 13b further includes an upper inclined support device 76a and a lower inclined support device 76b that are inclined and supported in the preceding direction.
- the upper and lower inclined support devices 76a and 76b are angle-adjustable, and are provided on one of the left and right traveling frames 65a, 65a, 65b, and 65b, and the angle is adjusted to rotationally drive the shafts 64a and 64b supported by the traveling frames 65a and 65b.
- Motors 77a and 77b The tilt support devices 76a and 76b may be of a fixed type in which the shaft centers of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 are tilted and fixedly supported.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the tip portions of the rotary tools 5 and 6.
- the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 have cylindrical tool bodies 5a and 6a, and probes 13a and 13b attached to the distal ends of the tool bodies 5a and 6a, respectively.
- the probes 13a and 13b are smaller in diameter than the tool bodies 5a and 6a.
- Shoulder portions 5b and 6b are formed around the attachment portions of the probes 13a and 13b at the tip portions of the tool bodies 5a and 6a.
- the shoulder portions 5b and 6b are located on the entire end surfaces of the tool main bodies 5a and 6a, and are constituted by conical surfaces in which the central portion is slightly depressed.
- the diameter of the shoulder portions 5b and 6b in this case is the same as the diameter of the tool bodies 5a and 6a.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view showing another example of the tip portions of the rotary tools 5 and 6.
- an inclined portion 78 is formed at the tip of the tool main bodies 5 a and 6 a, and the shoulder portions 5 b and 6 b are formed on the end face of the inclined portion 78.
- the diameter of the shoulder portions 5b and 6b is smaller than the diameter of the tool bodies 5a and 6a.
- FIG. 7 shows a state at the time of joining when the joining method of the present invention is applied to butt welding of two metal plates, and the positional relationship between the upper and lower rotary tools and the entrance / exit side gripping device (input / exit side gripping device)
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the positional relationship (distance between probes) of the upper and lower rotary tools at the time of joining.
- the upper and lower two rotary tools 5 and 6 are joined to the joint J of the two metal plates 1 and 2.
- the two metal plates 1 and 2 are joined by inserting into the (butting portion) from the front surface side and the back surface side and friction stirring using frictional heat generated by rotating the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6.
- the two metal plates 1, 2 have a thickness (for example, 20 mm or less) smaller than the diameter of the shoulder portions 5 b, 6 of the rotary tools 5, 6. 1 and 2 are to be joined.
- the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 are sandwiched, and the entrance side gripping device 7 (first gripping device) and the exit side gripping device 8 (second gripping) disposed on both sides thereof.
- the apparatus holds the front and back surfaces of the two metal plates 1 and 2 respectively.
- the upper and lower rotary tools arranged so as to oppose the front side and the rear side of the abutting part which is the joint J of the two metal plates 1 and 2 by driving the pressing and gap adjusting devices 55 and 56, respectively.
- 5 and 6 are moved closer to each other to give a predetermined gap ⁇ between the tips of the probes 13a and 13b of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6.
- the friction stirrers 3 and 4 are driven to rotate the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 arranged so as to face each other in the opposite direction, so that the shoulder portions 5b and 6b of the rotary tools 5 and 6 are made of two pieces of metal. It presses against the surface side and back surface side of the abutting part which is the junction part J of the plates 1 and 2, and friction stirs. At this time, the pressing force by which the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 press the butted portion J (joint portion) of the metal plates 1 and 2 from the front surface side and the back surface side is the same on the front surface side and the back surface side.
- the inclined support devices 76a and 76b cause the shafts 14 of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 to be connected to the probes 13a and 13b with respect to the traveling direction of the rotary tools 5 and 6, respectively. Tilt in the preceding direction, and in this state, rotate the rotary tools 5 and 6 and move them in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the metal plates 1 and 2 to perform friction stir welding (FIGS. 22, 24, 25 and (See FIG. 27).
- the allowable shear force of the material (metal plate) for friction stir welding changes according to the plate thickness, and decreases as the plate thickness decreases.
- the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 are moved up and down from both sides of the abutting portion J of the metal plates 1 and 2 with the front and rear surfaces of the metal plates 1 and 2 held by the input / output gripping devices 7 and 8. Press and rotate with pressing force.
- the distance between the gripping devices of the entry / exit-side gripping devices 7 and 8 is: Depending on the thickness and the high temperature deformation resistance value of the material, it is appropriately set within a range of 5 times or less the tool diameter.
- the rotation directions of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 are opposite on the front surface side and the back surface side.
- the metal plate moves in a direction perpendicular to the joining direction of the rotary tool due to the rejection force when the metal plate passes through the probe that occurs during friction stir welding, and the clearance accuracy of the butt surface cannot be obtained. There is a concern that poor bonding may occur. In particular, when the thickness of the metal plate is smaller than the diameter of the shoulder portion of the rotary tool, there is a problem that this tendency becomes remarkable because the rigidity of the metal plate is low.
- the metal plates 1 and 2 are rotated by the excision force at the time of passing through the probe generated at the time of friction stir welding by gripping the front and back surfaces of the metal plates 1 and 2 with the entrance and exit side gripping devices 7 and 8. No movement in the direction perpendicular to the joining direction of 5 and 6 is ensured, the clearance accuracy between the butted surfaces is ensured, and poor joining can be prevented.
- the two rotating tools are arranged so as to face each other with substantially no gap between the probe tips on the front side and back side of the butted portion of the metal plate. Friction stir welding is performed from both sides of the part.
- the surface pressure at the contact surface between the shoulder portion surface and the metal plate surface varies due to a minute variation in the thickness of the metal plate. Due to the variation in the surface pressure, there is a problem that the amount of frictional heat varies and the quality of the joint is degraded.
- the shoulder is caused by a minute variation in the thickness of the metal plates 1 and 2. It is possible to avoid fluctuations in the surface pressure at the contact surface between the surfaces of the parts 5b and 6b and the metal plate surface, to suppress fluctuations in the amount of frictional heat, and to prevent deterioration in the quality of the joint (joint failure).
- the bonding strength can be increased and the reliability of the bonding strength can be improved.
- the probe insertion amount of the rotary tool is half of the metal plate thickness.
- the probe insertion amount becomes deep. Therefore, in order to prevent the probe from being broken due to the moment acting on the inserted probe, it is necessary to increase the probe diameter. there were. Further, in order to obtain a frictional heat generation amount that does not cause poor bonding, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the shoulder portion.
- the joining speed is limited according to the probe insertion amount, and there is a limit to shortening the tact time, and there is also a limit to reducing the thermal load of the rotary tool, so there is a limit to improving the tool life.
- the probe length must be changed accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a large number of rotating tools having different probe lengths in accordance with the thickness of the metal plate, which is not economical. There's a problem.
- the probes 13a and 13b are inserted into the metal plates 1 and 2 by providing a predetermined gap ⁇ between the tips of the probes 13a and 13b of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 arranged to face each other. Since the amount is smaller than half of the thickness of the metal plates 1 and 2, the lengths of the probes 13a and 13b of the rotary tools 5 and 6 are correspondingly shortened, thereby reducing the moment acting on the probes 13a and 13b. As a result, it is not necessary to increase the probe diameter in order to prevent breakage of the probes 13a and 13b, and accordingly, it is not necessary to increase the diameter of the shoulder portions 5b and 6b, which increases the load during friction stir welding.
- the joining speed can be increased, the tact time can be reduced, the amount of heat input to the rotary tools 5 and 6 can be reduced, and the life of the rotary tools 5 and 6 can be extended. it can.
- a predetermined gap ⁇ is provided between the tips of the probes 13a and 13b, even when the metal plates 1 and 2 having different thicknesses are joined, the probe has one type of length within the gap length range.
- the running cost can be suppressed and the economy can be improved.
- ⁇ Principle of welding (friction stir welding + solid phase welding of unstirred portion)>
- friction stir welding has been performed without providing a gap between the probe tips of the two rotary tools. This is because it is considered that when a predetermined gap is provided between the probe tips, an unstirred surface is generated at the boundary between the two metal plates and the bonding strength is reduced.
- the present inventors have provided a predetermined gap between the probe tips, and even when the front and back surfaces of the two metal plates are gripped by the gripping device, the unstirred surface is strong. It was found that bonding was obtained, and that the necessary bonding strength could be ensured as a whole.
- the present inventors have clarified the joining theory of the double-sided friction stir welding of the metal plates 1 and 2 that are abutted.
- Friction stir welding was performed from both sides.
- portions corresponding to the insertion amounts of the probes 13a and 13b become the upper and lower friction stir welding ranges 16 and 17, which are given between the tips of the probes 13a and 13b.
- the part of the predetermined gap ⁇ is substantially the unstirred surface 18b.
- the unstirred surface 18b is caused by the upper and lower shear forces 27a and 27b generated by the friction stir welding. Tilts as it is stretched. By extending the unstirred surface 18b, the oxide intervening on the surface is strongly stretched and destroyed, thereby forming a new surface on the unstirred surface 18b.
- the newly formed surface 18 in which the material has been softened by the frictional heat is rotated by the vertical pressing force F1 from the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 and the input and output side gripping devices 7 and 8.
- the reaction force F2 due to thermal expansion and the reaction force F2 due to the displacement force when passing through the probe are applied in the horizontal direction, and the unstirred new surface 18 is joined. It was confirmed that they were solid-phase bonded as an interface.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a state at the time of joining when the joining method of the present invention is applied to lap welding of two metal plates
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the principle of operation thereof.
- Friction stir welding was performed from both the front and back surfaces of the metal plates 1 and 2 with a predetermined gap ⁇ therebetween.
- the overlapping surfaces of the metal plates 1 and 2 are drawn into the shoulder surface on the advanced side by the shearing forces 27 a and 27 b generated in the friction stir welding and the propulsive force that proceeds in the joining direction.
- a new surface is formed on the overlapping surface 19 by deforming into an S-shaped curve, stretching the oxide intervening on the surface, and destroying the oxide film.
- the thicknesses of the metal plates 1 and 2 are the same, and the probes 13a and 13b of the rotary tools 5 and 6 do not penetrate the overlapping surface.
- the same result can be obtained when one of the probes 13a and 13b of the rotary tools 5 and 6 penetrates the overlapping surface.
- FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 are diagrams showing differences in gripping methods when the joining method of the present invention is applied to lap welding of two metal plates.
- the holding of the metal plates 1 and 2 by the entry / exit-side holding devices 7 and 8 includes the case of holding the stacked metal plates 1 and 2 and the case of holding the metal plates 1 and 2 individually. There are cases where it is gripped with
- FIG. 15 is an example of the former, where the overlapping portion of the two metal plates is taken longer, and the entry / exit gripping devices 7 and 8 are joined together by two metal plates 1 and 2 on both sides of the overlapping portion as a joining portion.
- Grip to. FIG. 16 is an example of the latter, and the entrance / exit side gripping devices 7 and 8 grip the metal plates 1 and 2 on both sides of the overlapping portion as a joint portion one by one.
- the distance Lc between the entry-side gripping device 7 and the exit-side gripping device 8 is set to 1.5 to 5 times the tool body diameter D1 or D2 of the rotary tools 5 and 6, and FIGS.
- Lc D1 (D2) x (1.5 to 5)
- Lc Lc1 + Lc2
- Lc Distance between the input and output gripping devices
- Lc1 Distance between the rotary tool shaft core and the input gripping device
- Lc2 Distance between the rotary tool shaft core and the output gripping device
- D1 Tool body diameter of the upper rotating tool
- D2 Tool of the lower rotating tool Body diameter
- the metal plates 1 and 2 When the material rigidity of the metal plates 1 and 2 is low, that is, when the plate thicknesses t1 and t2 of the metal plates are thin, or when the high temperature deformation resistances ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are low, the metal plates 1 and 2 are held on the input and output side gripping devices 7, When the friction stir welding is carried out by gripping at 8, the metal plate is subjected to thermal expansion / thermal deformation due to frictional heat generated at the time of friction stir welding, a rejection force when passing through the probe, and a shearing force to the material due to rotation of the shoulder portions 5 b and 6 b. 1 and 2 may buckle. As a result of repeated studies on this point, the present inventors have obtained the following knowledge.
- the thickness of the metal plate is 3 mm or less, it was confirmed that it can be joined without buckling if it is appropriately set within a range of 5 times or less depending on the plate thickness and the high temperature deformation resistance value of the material.
- the distance Lc between the entry / exit gripping devices 7 and 8 is 1.5 times or more and 3 times or less of the tool body diameter D. More preferably, it is 5 times or more and 2 times or less.
- the rotary tools 5 and 6 cause slight vibration due to the load fluctuation of the joint portion, the clearance of the movable portion, and the like. If the tools 5 and 6 are too close to each other, they may interfere with each other.
- the distance Lc between the entry / exit gripping devices 7 and 8 to be 1.5 times or more of the tool diameter D, the rotary tools 5 and 6 and the entry / exit gripping device 7 can be operated even if the rotary tools 5 and 6 cause slight vibration. , 8 can be prevented and the life of the apparatus can be improved.
- the distance Lc between the entry / exit gripping devices 7 and 8 is set to 1.5 to 5 times the diameter of the rotating tool, and the front and back surfaces of the metal plates 1 and 2 are gripped near the shoulder by the gripping devices 7 and 8.
- the metal plates 1 and 2 are thin and the material rigidity is low, thermal expansion and thermal deformation due to frictional heat generated during friction stir welding, and the displacement force when passing through the probe and the shear force on the material due to rotation of the shoulder portion
- the buckling of the metal plate can be suppressed, the butt accuracy of the metal plates 1 and 2 can be kept good, and stable bonding can be performed.
- the tips of the probes 13a and 13b of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 are provided.
- the reason why the gap ⁇ is 50% or less with respect to the plate thickness t is as follows.
- the principle of joining the unstirred surfaces is that the vertical pressing force F1 by the rotary tools 5 and 6 in the gap ⁇ and the shoulder portions 5b of the rotary tools 5 and 6 by the entry and exit side gripping devices 7 and 8 are as follows.
- This is solid phase bonding of the unstirred new surface 18 by the horizontal reaction force F2 of the deformation force caused by thermal expansion, which is generated by strongly restraining the vicinity of 6b.
- the gap ⁇ becomes too large, the surface pressure of the new surface 18 becomes small, and accordingly, solid phase bonding becomes insufficient, and a desired bonding strength cannot be obtained.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section when there is no unjoined portion at the joint surface boundary portion
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a cross section when there is an unjoined portion (void) at the joint surface boundary portion.
- Non-bonding ratio ⁇ non-bonded portion (void) area of the joint surface boundary portion / total area of the joint surface boundary portion (3) 17 is 0 when the joint surface boundary part in FIG. 17 is all joined parts (no joint part), and the joint part boundary part in FIG. 18 is all unjoined parts (no joint part).
- section modulus ratio ⁇ in the case where there is no unjoined portion at the joint surface boundary portion in FIG. 17 and the case where there is an unjoined portion (void) in the joint surface boundary portion in FIG. It is expressed as follows.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the relationship between the unbonded ratio ⁇ and the section modulus ratio ⁇ in Expression (4).
- the strength of the FSW joint when there is a gap between the probes is expressed by the following equation using the section modulus ratio ⁇ .
- Joint strength FSW strength ⁇ section modulus ratio ⁇ (5)
- the section modulus ratio ⁇ is 0.875. Accordingly, an unstirred portion remains in the central portion, but the bending strength of the joint portion can be kept at a reduction rate of about 13% or less compared to the conventional case.
- the material to be joined is an aluminum material, but the same applies when the material is copper.
- the same effect can be obtained if the gap ⁇ is set to 50% or less with respect to the plate thickness t.
- the material to be joined is steel, the decrease in joint strength of the welded portion relative to the base material is relatively small compared to the case of aluminum material.
- the gap ⁇ is 50% or less of the plate thickness t, the same The effect is obtained.
- the gap ⁇ provided between the tips of the probes 13a and 13b of the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 is 1 with respect to the plate thicknesses t1 and t2 of the metal plates 1 and 2. It is desirable to set to a ratio of not less than 50% and not more than 50%. Furthermore, in order to increase the bonding strength, it is desirable that the setting ratio is preferably 1% to 25%, more preferably 1% to 10%.
- ⁇ Rotation direction and shoulder diameter of rotating tool> The rotation direction and shoulder diameter of the rotary tools 5 and 6 will be described.
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view
- FIG. 22 is a perspective view
- FIG. 23 is sectional drawing.
- the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 are rotated in opposite directions on the front side and the back side.
- the shearing force 27a caused by the stirring from the front surface side and the shearing force 27b caused by the stirring from the back surface side can be canceled out inside the joint portion, and the material can be prevented from being broken.
- the gripping force of the gripping devices 7 and 8 can be reduced, and the gripping devices 7 and 8 can be simplified.
- the material abutting surface in the unstirred region between the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 is inclined by shearing force and extended by plastic deformation, whereby the oxide film is crushed,
- the unstirred region portion is also solid-phase bonded by being pressed by the vertical pressing force F1 and the horizontal reaction force F2 under an oxygen-free high temperature.
- the superposition surface is plastically deformed into an S shape, thereby forming an oxide film. Is crushed and pressed under high temperature in an oxygen-free state, so that the unstirred region portion is also solid-phase bonded.
- the non-stirred portion can also contribute to the joint strength, and the joint strength can be greatly improved as compared with the conventional joining method.
- the material abutting surface in the unstirred region between the rotary tools 5 and 6 becomes a C shape by the shearing force in the same direction. This is different from the case where the rotation directions of 5 and 6 are reversed. However, even in that case, the abutting surface extends by plastic deformation, so that the oxide film is crushed and pressed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction to perform solid-phase bonding. Therefore, although the rotary tools 5 and 6 can be joined even if the rotational directions are the same, it is preferable to rotate in the reverse direction so that the metal plate can be prevented from being broken and the gripping device can be simplified.
- the diameters (shoulder diameters) of the shoulder portions 5b and 6b of the rotary tools 5 and 6 are preferably the same. As a result, the amount of heat input and heat input range from the front surface side and the heat input amount and heat input range from the back surface side are the same. Bending strength can be obtained. ⁇ Rotating tool material> The material of the rotary tools 5 and 6 will be described.
- the tool life is short due to thermal shock, tool wear, bending stress acting on the probe, and the like, which are factors that hinder the spread of friction stir welding to high melting point materials exceeding 1000 ° C. ing.
- the predetermined gap ⁇ is provided between the tips of the probes 13a and 13b of the rotary tools 5 and 6, and the friction stirring is performed, so that the moment and thermal load acting on the probes 13a and 13b are reduced and The service life of the rotary tools 5 and 6 can be extended. Therefore, the rotary tools 5 and 6 do not need to be made of expensive polycrystalline diamond or the like, and can be a cemented tungsten carbide cemented carbide or tungsten alloy having high heat resistance. Thereby, in the friction stir welding of a metal plate having a melting point of 1000 ° C. or higher, an economical rotary tool having a long life can be provided.
- the present inventors In the case of performing double-sided friction stir welding, the present inventors generate frictional heat on both sides of the joint portion, so that there is no heat diffusion to the backing metal as occurred in single-sided friction stir welding, and the temperature rises. Focusing on the fact that it can be achieved in a short time, we thought that it would be possible to omit the plunging step before the start of friction stir welding, and immediately perform friction stir welding without plunging from the end faces of the metal plates 1 and 2. Started. As a result, it was confirmed that the metal plates 1 and 2 were smoothly plastically flowed by the rotary tools 5 and 6.
- plunging-less friction stir welding in which the plunging process is omitted can be realized, thereby shortening the tact time of the joining and increasing the production efficiency.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view along the joining direction (perpendicular to the cross section of FIG. 1) when the friction stir welding is performed while rotating the rotary tools 5 and 6.
- the rotary tools 5 and 6 are rotated in a state in which the axes of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 are inclined in the direction in which the probes 13a and 13b precede the traveling direction of the rotary tools 5 and 6, respectively. Friction stir welding while rotating. By tilting the tool shaft core 14 in this manner, the surface pressure between the shoulder portions 5b and 6b of the rotary tools 5 and 6 and the material can be increased, and burrs and joint defects generated during friction stir welding can be suppressed. .
- the angle at which the tool axis is tilted is too large, the amount of insertion of the shoulder surface on the rear side in the traveling direction into the metal plates 1 and 2 increases.
- the material of the joint portion corresponding to the volume of the shoulder portions 5b and 6b inserted into the metal plates 1 and 2 is discharged to the outside of the bead, and a local decrease in the thickness of the joint portion occurs, and the strength of the joint portion is increased. descend.
- the thickness of the metal plates 1 and 2 to be joined is as thin as 2 mm or less, there is a problem that the rate of reduction in the thickness of the joined portion is large and the plate breaks from the joined portion.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 1 or ⁇ 2 is set to be greater than 0 ° and 3 ° or less, thereby reducing the strength of the joint due to a local decrease in the joint thickness. Can be suppressed, and plate breakage from the joint can be suppressed. Furthermore, in order to suppress a local decrease in the thickness of the joint, the inclination angle ⁇ 1 or ⁇ 2 is preferably set to more than 0 ° and not more than 2 °, more preferably more than 0 ° and not more than 1 °.
- the bonding state of both the front and back surfaces can be made substantially the same, so that the same tensile and bending resistance can be obtained on the front and back surfaces. .
- ⁇ Inclination of tool 2> In the joining method of the present embodiment, as will be described later, the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 are moved by position control with respect to the thickness direction of the metal plate to the expected insertion depth before the start of friction stir welding.
- Friction stir welding is started without plunging by inserting the rotary tools 5 and 6 into the metal plate while being in contact with the end face (see FIG. 27, etc.).
- the axes of the rotary tools 5 and 6 are tilted in the direction in which the probes 13a and 13b precede the direction in which the rotary tools 5 and 6 travel.
- FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram when the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 are inserted from the end surfaces of the joints with the inclination angle of the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 set to 0 degrees (without tilting the tool).
- the tool insertion position when the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 are inserted from the joint end face 24 is determined by the relative position of the joint 23 and the rotary tools 5 and 6.
- the joint end face 24 is pressed by the side surfaces of the rotary tools 5 and 6 and the metal plates 1 and 2 are buckled. This may cause troubles such as causing friction and poor friction agitation.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 are moderately tilted and the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 are inserted from the joint end face 24.
- the tool axis 14 is tilted in the direction in which the probes 13a and 13b at the tips of the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 precede the traveling direction. Stir in the wet state.
- the inclination angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 at this time are preferably greater than 0 ° and not greater than 10 °, more preferably greater than 0 ° and not greater than 6 °, and even more preferably greater than 0 ° and not greater than 3 °.
- the joining apparatus includes an upper position measuring device 81 a attached to the lower surface of the upper main body case 51, a cylindrical body 53 of the upper friction stirrer 3, a support frame 63 a
- An upper load measuring device 82a mounted between the lower body case 52, a lower position measuring device (load cell) 81b mounted on the upper surface of the lower main body case 52, and the cylinder 54 of the lower friction stirring device 4 and the lower friction stirring device 4 (not shown).
- a lower load measuring instrument (load cell) 82b attached between the support frame 63b and the control device 83.
- the control device 83 inputs the measurement values of the vertical position measuring devices 81a and 81b and the vertical load measuring devices 82a and 82b, performs a predetermined calculation process, and rotates the rotating motors 29a and 29b of the vertical friction stirrers 3 and 4 Command signals are sent to the pressing motors 61a and 61b of the pressing and clearance adjusting devices 55 and 56, and the traveling motors 67a and 67b of the vertical moving devices 57 and 58, and the vertical friction stirring devices 3 and 4, the vertical pressing and clearance adjusting device 55 , 56, and controls the operation of the vertical movement devices 57, 58.
- the vertical position measuring devices 81a and 81b are non-contact type, but may be contact type.
- the control device 83 sends command signals to the angle adjustment motors 77a and 77b of the tilt support devices 76a and 76b based on the preset data, so that the upper and lower The axis 14 of the rotary tools 5 and 6 is tilted and supported at a predetermined angle.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an operation method in which double-side friction stir welding is performed without plunging by tilting the axis 14 of the rotary tools 5 and 6.
- FIG. 28 is a control flow showing a processing procedure performed by the control device 83 shown in FIG.
- the vertical friction stirrers 3 and 4 are in the standby positions 20a and 20b.
- the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 are in a state where the axis is inclined.
- the distance between the joint J and the vertical friction stirrers 3 and 4 is measured using the vertical position measuring instruments 31a and 31b (see FIGS. 1 and 3) attached to the upper and lower body cases 51 and 52, and the rotary tool
- the planned insertion depths 5 and 6 are calculated (step S1).
- the vertical pressing motors 61a and 61b are driven to move the vertical rotating tools 5 and 6 to a predetermined insertion depth by position control (step S2).
- the gap ⁇ between the tips of the probes 13a and 13b of the upper and lower rotary tools 5 and 6 is set to the above-described predetermined range (for example, 1% to 50% with respect to the plate thickness t).
- the vertical running motors 67a and 67b are driven to move the vertical friction stirrers 3 and 4 in the joining direction (step S2), and the joint end face 24 is moved.
- the friction stir welding is started from the friction stirring start positions 20a and 20b.
- the friction tools can be generated without plunging by inserting the rotary tools 5 and 6 into the metal plate while applying the shoulder surface of the rotary tools 5 and 6 to the joint end face from the joint end face as described above.
- Stir welding is started (see FIG. 27, etc.).
- a constant load control is performed to control the tool insertion position so that the load of the upper rotating motor 29a becomes a predetermined value based on the control current of the upper rotating motor 29a of the upper rotating tool 5 (step S3). )
- switching to the constant position control for holding the tool insertion position at that time step S3 ⁇ S4
- passing the friction stir end positions 22a and 22b To control.
- the position control is maintained even after the start of the friction stir welding, and the friction stirring end positions 22a and 22b are passed through the position control (steps S3 to S4).
- the lower rotating tool 6 maintains position control, and the upper rotating tool 5 is switched to the constant load control so that the friction stirring can be stably performed even when the thickness of the joint J varies. Can do.
- the load on the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 is constant, the wear and breakage of the rotary tools 5 and 6 can be suppressed, and the life of the rotary tools 5 and 6 can be extended.
- control device 83 inputs the measurement values of the vertical position measuring devices 31a and 31b, and based on the measurement values and the control currents of the vertical rotation motors 29a and 29b, the vertical rotation motors 29a and 29b, This is performed by giving operation commands to various actuators such as the vertical pressing motors 61a and 61b and the vertical traveling motors 67a and 67b.
- the constant load control of the upper rotating tool 5 is performed using the control current of the rotating motor 29a, but instead, the measured values of the load measuring devices 82a and 82b may be used. Further, the position control of the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 is performed using the measurement values of the vertical position measuring devices 31a and 31b. Instead, a rotation sensor such as an encoder that detects the rotation amount of the vertical pressing motors 61a and 61b. May be used.
- FIG. 29 is a control flow showing another example of the processing procedure performed by the control device 83.
- the constant control is performed (step S3A).
- the example is supplementarily described in parentheses in the range of the friction stirring start positions 21a and 21b and the friction stirring end positions 22a and 22b.
- the lower surface of the metal plate becomes the reference surface.
- the reference surface is not constant due to deformation of the metal plate, etc.
- the upper rotation by the constant load control of only the upper rotation tool 5 It is possible to make the upper and lower friction stirring ranges substantially coincide with each other by the pressing force of the tool 5 against the metal plate.
- both the vertical rotation tools 5 and 6 are set to constant load control.
- the heat input and heat input range from the front side of the metal plate and the heat input and heat input range from the back side become the same, the residual stress on the front and back surfaces can be made uniform, and the metal plate is prevented from warping. it can.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the advancing side, the retreating side, and the rotation direction of the friction stirrer tool.
- FIGS. 31 and 32 show that the metal plate 1 and the metal plate 2 or steps having different plate thicknesses are generated. It is a figure which shows the method of carrying out friction stirring of the joined part from both surfaces.
- the side on which the rotation direction of the rotary tool 5 and the friction stir progression direction (joining direction or tool feed direction) coincide is the advanced side, and the tool rotation direction and the friction stir progression direction are opposite to each other.
- the side is called the retreating side.
- Japanese Patent No. 3931119 discloses a first joining member and a high temperature deformation resistance value and a thickness Y2 and t2, respectively, which are arranged to face each other with a high temperature deformation resistance value and a thickness Y1 and t1, respectively.
- the second joining member when the relational expression of Y1 ⁇ t1 ⁇ Y2 * t2 is satisfied, the first member side is disposed on the advanced side, and the relational expression of Y1 ⁇ t1> Y2 ⁇ t2 is satisfied Discloses a method of disposing the second member side on the advancing side.
- the second member side (thin plate side) is arranged on the advanced side.
- the first member side is arranged on the advanced side, and the thin plate side is not necessarily arranged on the advanced side.
- the metal plate is gripped by a gripping device, and the rotation direction of the rotary tool on the step side (the upper surface in this example) is such that the metal plate with the thin plate thickness is the advanced side 32 and the step with no step is the side.
- the rotation direction of the rotary tool is set to rotate in the direction opposite to the tool rotation direction on the step side.
- the side with no step can be joined by the same method as ordinary friction stir welding.
- the plastic flow from the thicker side to the thinner side is facilitated, and the excess plasticity from the thinner side to the thicker side.
- the flow component 34 is caused to collide with the thicker stepped portion, and the excess plastic flow component 34 is discharged in the friction stir tool feeding direction.
- the above-mentioned joining method is a joining method in which one side is made a flat surface without a step. However, when it is desired to equalize the step amount on both sides, as shown in FIG.
- the side where the material thickness of the joint portion is thick or the side where the level difference is high is rotated in a direction in which the direction of the peripheral speed of the tool is opposite to the feeding direction of the tool. Under the rotation conditions and feed conditions of the rotary tool, the side where the material thickness of the joint is thick or the side where the level difference is high is the retreating side 33, and the side where the material thickness of the joint is thin or the side where the level difference is low is the advance side 32.
- a coil is circulated by a single stand, and is joined and rolled a plurality of times to obtain a desired plate thickness.
- the plate thickness range at the end increases from the maximum of about 6 mm to the thickness of an ultrathin plate that is significantly less than 1 mm.
- the joining plate thickness range in continuous cold rolling equipment that produces a production volume of 1 million tons or more that does not require coil circulation with multiple stands is from a maximum of 6 mm to a minimum of 2 mm.
- a flash butt welder or a laser beam welder is used for joining cold rolled materials.
- the plate thickness range that can be joined is limited by the output of one type of laser beam. Therefore, it is not possible to join a wide range of plate thickness ranges from an extremely thin plate significantly below 1 mm to a metal plate with a thickness of 6 mm with one welding machine, and multiple expensive welding machines are required. There was a problem that the equipment introduction cost was enormous and the economy was inferior.
- arc welding such as TIG or MIG can be applied for joining aluminum alloy and copper alloy.
- these joining methods have a low joining speed, it takes several minutes to weld the rolled material for welding a plate width of about 500 mm to 2500 mm.
- the bead since the bead remains as a step due to arc welding, it takes more time to remove the bead portion in addition to the net welding time, resulting in a longer takt time for the joining operation.
- the conventional joining method has hindered the spread of the process of joining and continuating coils or the process of building up coils. It was.
- the amount of insertion of the probe of the tool may be halved compared to the case of friction stir welding only on one side, the probe breakage Can be suppressed, the joining speed can be increased, and the tact time of the joining operation can be shortened.
- the material required for the start of friction stir welding can be softened and the tact time of the joining work can be shortened even if the plunging process for softening the material is omitted. it can.
- a metal plate is continuously supplied to the rolling mill by joining the front and rear ends of the coil.
- the melting tool has a melting point of 1000 ° C. by making the rotating tool material a cemented tungsten carbide cemented carbide or tungsten alloy having high heat resistance.
- the rotating tool material a cemented tungsten carbide cemented carbide or tungsten alloy having high heat resistance.
- strength may be reduced compared to the base material due to heat input to the joint. Since joining is performed in a temperature range of about 80% of the melting point, a significant decrease in strength can be suppressed, and the occurrence of plate breakage due to a decrease in strength can be suppressed.
- a high tension of 50 N / mm 2 to 100 N / mm 2 is usually applied in the direction of the plate thickness and thinly stretched. Therefore, it is important to suppress a decrease in strength.
- the front and rear ends can be rolled in the butt joint where the metal plates have the same thickness, the production yield can be improved.
- the double-sided friction stir welding method of the present invention that can solve various problems, it is cheap and strength-reliable by joining a steel plate or a non-ferrous metal aluminum alloy plate and a copper alloy plate that are subjected to cold rolling. Can provide high bonding.
- 33 and 34 are diagrams showing specific application examples of the double-side friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention to cold rolling equipment.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing the entire facility when the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention is applied to a cold rolling facility that performs continuous cold rolling in one direction described in International Publication WO2008 / 062506.
- 34 is a diagram showing the entire facility when the double-sided friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention is applied to a reversible cold rolling facility.
- the winding device 33 includes the unwinding device 35, the double-sided friction stir welding device 36 of the present invention, the looper 37, the rolling machine 38, the cutting machine 39, and the winding device 40.
- the coil is unwound from the unwinding device 35, the strip (metal plate) S is rolled by the rolling mill 38, and wound on the winding device 40.
- the strip S of several coils is joined by the joining device 36 and unidirectionally rolled.
- the coil wound around the winding device 40 is transferred from the winding device 40 to the unwinding device 35 by the conveying device, circulated through the coil until a desired plate thickness is obtained, and the strip S is repeatedly rolled.
- the strip S is cut into a desired size by a cutting machine 39 and carried out as a product coil.
- the rolling machine 38 When joining with the joining device 36 and when the strip S is cut with the cutting machine 39, the rolling machine 38 is not stopped and the rolling is performed at an extremely low speed of 10 mpm or less. At that time, the joining of the strip S by the joining device 36 is performed using the looper 37.
- the reversible cold rolling equipment shown in FIG. 34 includes an unwinding device 35, a double-sided friction stir welding device 36 of the present invention, a first winding / unwinding device 41a, a second winding / unwinding device 41b, and a first cutting machine.
- This is a cold rolling facility provided with a coil buildup line and a reversible cold rolling facility provided with a rolling mill 38a, a second cutting machine 39b, and a third winding / unwinding device 41c.
- the coil In the first pass of rolling up the built-up coil, the coil is unwound from the first winding / unwinding device 41a, the strip (metal plate) S is rolled by the rolling mill 38, and the third winding / unwinding device 41c. Take up around.
- the coil In the second pass, the coil is unwound from the third winding / unwinding device 41c, the strip S is rolled by the rolling mill 38, and wound on the second winding / unwinding device 41b.
- the strip S is repeatedly rolled by reverse rolling between the second winding / unwinding device 41b and the third winding / unwinding device 41c until the desired plate thickness is obtained.
- rolling is performed in the second and subsequent passes of the reversible rolling process, and at the same time, a coil for the next rolling is manufactured on the coil build-up line.
- the double-sided friction stir welding of the present invention it is possible to join a wide range of metal plates ranging from an ultra-thin plate significantly less than 1 mm to a metal plate having a thickness of about 6 mm. As described above, it is possible to provide cold rolling equipment with high strength / reliability and high strength / high yield bonding at low cost.
- the rolling material of the cold rolling equipment shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 may be a steel plate or a non-ferrous metal such as an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy, and an aluminum alloy having a maximum thickness of about 20 mm, which has been difficult to apply conventionally.
- a non-ferrous metal such as an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy
- an aluminum alloy having a maximum thickness of about 20 mm which has been difficult to apply conventionally.
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Abstract
Description
<装置>
図1は、本発明の一実施の形態に係わる金属板の両面摩擦攪拌接合装置の概略正面図であり、図2は、同両面摩擦攪拌接合装置の概略斜視図であり、図3は同両面摩擦攪拌接合装置の上側部分の側面図である。
<回転ツール>
図5は、回転ツール5,6の先端部分の拡大図である。上下の回転ツール5,6は、それぞれ、円筒形のツール本体5a,6aと、ツール本体5a,6aの先端部にそれぞれ取り付けられたプローブ13a,13bとを有している。プローブ13a,13bはツール本体5a,6aより小径である。ツール本体5a,6aの先端部におけるプローブ13a,13bの取り付け部の周辺にショルダ部5b,6bが形成されている。
<接合方法>
次に、上述した接合装置を用いて行う本発明の一実施の形態に係わる金属板の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法(以下適宜、単に接合方法という)を図7~図33を用いて説明する。
2枚の金属板1,2は回転ツール5,6のショルダ部5b,6の直径より小さな厚み(例えば20mm以下)を有しており、本発明の接合方法は、そのような厚みの金属板1,2を接合対象とするものである。
<破断及び接合不良の防止>
両面摩擦攪拌接合で、上下の回転ツールを金属板の両側から押圧して回転させるとき、ショルダ部間に挟まれた金属板部分に摩擦力により剪断力が発生し、この剪断力が材料の許容剪断力を超えると、金属板は破断する。
<ツール寿命と経済性の向上>
両面摩擦攪拌接合では、回転ツールのプローブ挿入量は、金属板厚みの半分となる。従来の片面摩擦攪拌接合では、金属板の厚みが厚くなる場合には、プローブ挿入量が深くなるため、挿入したプローブに作用するモーメントによるプローブの折損を防止するため、プローブ径を大きくする必要があった。また、接合不良を起こさない摩擦発熱量を得るために、ショルダ部の径も大きくする必要があった。
<接合原理(摩擦攪拌接合+未攪拌部の固相接合)>
上記のように従来は、2本の回転ツールのプローブ先端間に隙間を与えずに摩擦攪拌接合していた。これは、プローブ先端間に所定の隙間を与えた場合は、2つの金属板の接合面境界部分に未攪拌面が生じ、接合強度が低下する考えられていたからである。本発明者等は、このような従来の考え方に対し、プローブ先端間に所定の隙間を与えても、2枚の金属板の表裏面を把持装置で把持した場合は未攪拌面においても強固な接合が得られ、全体としても必要な接合強度を確保することができるという知見を得た。
<重ね合わせ接合への適用>
図13は、本発明の接合方法を2枚の金属板の重ね合わせ溶接に適用した場合の接合時の状態を示す図であり、図14はその作用原理を示す図である。
<把持装置間距離とツール径との関係>
ここで、入出側把持装置7,8間の距離と回転ツールの直径との関係について言及する。
Lc=Lc1+Lc2
Lc:入出側把持装置間距離
Lc1:回転ツール軸芯と入側把持装置間距離
Lc2:回転ツール軸芯と出側把持装置間距離
D1:上回転ツールのツール本体直径
D2:下回転ツールのツール本体直径
本発明において、上記のように把持装置間距離とツール径との関係を定めるのは,次の理由による。
<ツール先端間の隙間の規定>
次に、上下の回転ツール5,6のプローブ13a,13b先端間の隙間δについて言及する。
δ=t1(t2)-L1-L2
δ/t1(t2)=1%~50%
δ:上下プローブ先端間隙間
t1:金属板1の厚み
t2:金属板2の厚み
L1:上回転ツール挿入量
L2:下回転ツール挿入量
これは次の理由による。
Zα=(1-α3) × b× h2 / 6 …(2)
上記式(1)及び(2)において、bは板幅(断面長さ)m、hは板厚(断面高さ)、αは未接合率である。未接合率αは下記式で表される。
図17の接合面境界部分が全て接合部である(未接合部がない)場合の未接合率αは0、図18の接合面境界部分が全て未接合部である(接合部がない)場合の未接合率は1である。式(1)は式(2)においてα=0とした場合のものに相当する。
この式(4)より、断面係数比γは板幅b、板厚hに係わらず、同じ値となる。図19は、式(4)の未接合率αと断面係数比γとの関係を示す図である。
未接合率αが0.5、すなわち上下回転ツールのプローブ間の隙間δが50%の場合、断面係数比γは0.875である。したがって、中央部に未攪拌部が残るが、接合部の曲げ強度は、従来と比較しても13%程度以下の低下率に留めることができる。必要とする曲げ強度に応じ、適宜接合率を設定することで、接合部全面を攪拌しなくても、所望の曲げ強度を得ることができる。
<回転ツールの回転方向及びショルダ径>
回転ツール5,6の回転方向及びショルダ径について言及する。
<回転ツールの材質>
回転ツール5,6の材質について言及する。
<プランジングレス>
従来の片面摩擦攪拌接合では、摩擦攪拌開始前に、回転ツールのショルダ面が金属板1,2の表面に接触した状態で、回転ツールを回転させることにより、回転ツールのショルダ面と金属板1,2の表面の摩擦発熱で、金属板材料の温度が材料が軟化する融点の約80%程度の温度に上昇するまで挿入位置を保持するプランジングと呼ばれる作業が必要となる。金属板1、2が軟化した後に、摩擦攪拌深さ位置を固定させた状態あるいは摩擦攪拌装置のツール回転用モータ負荷を一定値に制御しながら回転ツールを接合方向へ移動させ、摩擦攪拌接合を行う。このプランジング作業は時間を要し、その分、接合のタクトタイムが長くなり、生産効率を高める上で制約となっていた。
<ツールの傾斜1>
次に、回転ツール5,6の軸芯の傾斜について言及する。
<ツールの傾斜2>
本実施の形態の接合方法では、後述する如く、上下の回転ツール5,6を、摩擦攪拌接合開始前に予定挿入深さまで金属板の厚み方向に対し位置制御にて移動し、回転ツール5,6の挿入深さを保持した状態で、接合部端面から回転ツール5,6の進行方向に位置制御にて送って、位置制御のまま接合部端面から回転ツール5,6のショルダ面を接合部端面に当てながら回転ツール5,6を金属板に挿入することによって、プランジングレスで摩擦攪拌接合を開始する(図27等参照)。このようにプランジングレスで摩擦攪拌接合を開始する際にも、回転ツール5,6の軸芯を、回転ツール5,6の進行方向に対してそれぞれのプローブ13a,13bが先行する方向に傾けた状態とすることで、接合部端面と回転ツールの側面部が衝突することを回避し、接合部端面において金属板が座屈する等の問題を防止でき、円滑に摩擦攪拌を開始できる。以下にその点を図25及び図26を用いて説明する。
<運転方法>
次に、プランジングレスで両面摩擦攪拌接合を行う運転方法について説明する。
<段差あり接合部の摩擦攪拌制御>
次に、板厚の異なる金属板1および金属板2あるいは段差が生成された接合部を両面から摩擦攪拌する場合の2パターンの接合方法につき説明する。
<両面摩擦攪拌接合の冷間圧延設備への適用>
次に、本発明の両面摩擦攪拌接合装置の冷間圧延設備への適用について説明する。
3 上摩擦攪拌装置
4 下摩擦攪拌装置
5 上回転ツール
5a ツール本体
5b ショルダ部
6 下回転ツール
6a ツール本体
6b ショルダ部
7 入側上把持装置
7a,7b 上下把持板
8 出側下把持装置
8a,8b 上下把持板
9 上ハウジング
10 下ハウジング
11 上レール
12 下レール
13a 上プローブ
13b 下プローブ
14 回転ツール軸芯
16 上摩擦攪拌接合範囲
17 下摩擦攪拌接合範囲
18 新生面
18b 未攪拌面
19 重ね合わせ面
20a 上回転ツール待機位置
20b 下回転ツール待機位置
21a 上摩擦攪拌接合開始位置
21b 下摩擦攪拌接合開始位置
22a 上摩擦攪拌接合終了位置
22b 下摩擦攪拌接合終了位置
24 摩擦攪拌開始金属板端面
27a 上せん断力
27b 下せん断力、
29a 上回転用モータ
29b 下回転用モータ
32 アドバンシングサイド
33 リトリーティングサイド
34 余剰塑性流動分
35 巻出装置
36 両面摩擦攪拌接合装置
37 ルーパ-
38 圧延機
39 切断機
39a 第1切断機
39b 第2切断機
40 巻取装置
41 巻取・巻出装置
41a 第1巻取・巻出装置
41b 第2巻取・巻出装置
41c 第3巻取・巻出装置
51 上本体ケース
52 下本体ケース
53 上筒対
54 下筒対
55 上押圧及び隙間調整装置
56 下押圧及び隙間調整装置
57 上移動装置
58 下移動装置
61a,61b 押圧用モータ
62a,62b スクリュー
63a,63b サポートフレーム
64a,64b 軸
65a,65b 走行フレーム
66a,66b 車輪
67a,67b 走行モータ
71 車輪
72 スクリュー
73 走行用モータ
74 走行装置
75 制御装置
76a 上傾斜支持装置
76b 下傾斜支持装置
77a,77b 角度調整用モータ
81a 上位置計測器
81b 下位置計測器
82a 上荷重計測器
82b 下荷重計測器
83 制御装置
δ 隙間
J 接合部
θ1,θ2 傾き角
Claims (26)
- ツール本体(5a,6a)の先端部にそれより小径のプローブ(13a,13b)を設け、前記ツール本体の先端部における前記プローブの取り付け部の周辺をショルダ部(5b,6b)として構成した上下の回転ツール(5,6)を2枚の金属板(1,2)の接合部である突き合わせ部(J)にその表面側及び裏面側から挿入し、前記上下の回転ツールを回転させることによって生じる摩擦熱を利用して摩擦撹拌し、前記2枚の金属板を接合する両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)のショルダ部(5b,6b)の直径より小さな厚みの2枚の金属板(1,2)の表裏面をそれぞれ第1及び第2把持装置(7,8)で把持し、
前記2枚の金属板の突き合わせ部(J)の表面側と裏面側に、それぞれ、前記上下の回転ツールを相対向するように配置し、前記上下の回転ツールを互いに近づく方向に移動して、前記上下の回転ツールのプローブ(13a,13b)先端間に所定の隙間(δ)を与えかつ前記上下の回転ツールのショルダ部(5b,6b)を前記突き合わせ部の表面側と裏面側に押圧し、
この状態で、前記突き合わせ部に沿って前記上下の回転ツールを回転させながら移動させて摩擦攪拌接合することを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- ツール本体(5a,6a)の先端部にそれより小径のプローブ(13a,13b)を設け、前記ツール本体の先端部における前記プローブの取り付け部の周辺をショルダ部(5b,6b)として構成した上下の回転ツール(5,6)を2枚の金属板(1,2)の接合部である重ね合わせ部(J)にその表面側及び裏面側から挿入し、前記上下の回転ツールを回転させることによって生じる摩擦熱を利用して摩擦撹拌し、前記2枚の金属板を接合する両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)のショルダ部(5b,6b)の直径より小さな厚みの2枚の金属板(1,2)の表裏面をそれぞれ第1及び第2把持装置(7,8)で把持し、
前記2枚の金属板の重ね合わせ部(J)の表面側と裏面側に、それぞれ、前記上下の回転ツールを相対向するように配置し、前記上下の回転ツールを互いに近づく方向に移動して、前記上下の回転ツールのプローブ(13a,13b)先端間に所定の隙間(δ)を与えかつ前記上下の回転ツールのショルダ部(5b,6b)を前記重ね合わせ部の表面側と裏面側に押圧し、
この状態で、前記重ね合わせ部に沿って前記上下の回転ツールを回転させながら移動させて摩擦攪拌接合することを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)の軸芯(14)を、回転ツールの進行方向に対してそれぞれのプローブ(13a,13b)が先行する方向に傾け、この状態で摩擦攪拌接合することを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)のプローブ(13a,13b)先端間の隙間(δ)を、前記2枚の金属板(1,2)の接合部(J)の厚みに対し1%以上50%以下の比率にすることを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記第1把持装置(7)と前記第2把持装置(8)間の距離を前記ツール本体(5a,5b)の直径の1.5倍以上5倍以下とすることを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)の回転方向を表面側と裏面側で逆方向としたことを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1乃至6の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)のそれぞれのショルダ部(5b,6b)の直径を同一にしたことを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項3乃至7の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記金属板(1,2)の厚みが2mm以下の場合に、前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)の軸芯(14)の傾き角度を、0°を超え3°以下にすることを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項3乃至8の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)の軸芯(14)の傾き角度を同一にしたことを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1乃至9の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)が前記2枚の金属板(1,2)の接合部(J)をその表面側と裏面側から押圧する押圧力を、表面側と裏面側で同一とすることを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1、3乃至10の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記2枚の金属板(1,2)の厚みが異なる場合に、前記金属板の表面及び裏面のいずれか一方側に段差が生じないように、前記2枚の金属板を前記第1及び第2把持装置(7,8)で把持し、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)のうち段差が生じる側の回転ツールを、金属板の厚みが薄い側がアドバンシングサイドなる方向に回転させ、段差のない側の回転ツールを、段差が生じる側の回転ツールの回転方向と逆方向に回転させることを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1、3乃至10の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記2枚の金属板(1,2)の厚みが異なる場合に、前記金属板の表面及び裏面の段差が均等になるように、前記2枚の金属板を前記第1及び第2把持装置(7,8)で把持し、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)を、金属板の厚みが薄い側がアドバンシングサイドとなるように同方向に回転させることを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1乃至12の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)のうちの一方の回転ツール(6)は、摩擦攪拌接合開始前に予定挿入深さまで金属板(1,2)の厚み方向に対し位置制御にて移動し、回転ツール(6)の挿入深さを保持した状態で、接合部端面(24)から回転ツールの進行方向に位置制御にて送って、位置制御のまま接合部端面(24)から回転ツール(6)を金属板に挿入して摩擦攪拌接合を開始し、その後、摩擦攪拌接合終了まで、回転ツール(6)の挿入位置を金属板の厚み方向に対し位置制御にて保持しながら送り、
他方の回転ツール(5)は、摩擦攪拌接合開始前までは、前記一方の回転ツール(6)と同様、予定挿入深さまで金属板(1,2)の厚み方向に対し位置制御にて移動し、回転ツール(5)の挿入深さを保持した状態で、接合部端面(24)から回転ツールの進行方向に位置制御にて送って、金属板の厚み方向に対し位置制御のまま接合部端面(24)から回転ツール(5)を金属板に挿入して摩擦攪拌接合を開始し、摩擦攪拌接合開始後は、前記一方の回転ツール(6)の送り位置と同期して送り、その送りの間、回転ツール(5)の負荷が所定の値となるように、回転ツールの挿入位置を制御する負荷一定制御とし、摩擦攪拌接合が終了する接合終端部到達前に、その時点の回転ツール(5)の挿入位置を保持する位置制御に切り替え、接合部終端部を通過させ、摩擦攪拌接合することを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1乃至12の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)を、摩擦攪拌接合開始前に予定挿入深さまで金属板(1,2)の厚み方向に対し位置制御にて移動し、回転ツール(5.6)の挿入深さを保持した状態で、接合部端面(24)から回転ツールの進行方向に位置制御にて送って、位置制御のまま接合部端面(24)から回転ツール(5,6)を金属板に挿入して摩擦攪拌接合を開始し、摩擦攪拌接合開始後は、回転ツール(5,6)の負荷が所定の値となるように、回転ツール(5,6)の挿入位置を制御する負荷一定制御とし、摩擦攪拌接合が終了する接合終端部到達前に、その時点の回転ツール(5,6)の挿入位置を保持する位置制御に切り替え、接合部終端部を通過させ、摩擦攪拌接合することを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1乃至14の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)は、焼結炭化タングステンの超硬合金、タングステン合金などからなり、
前記2枚の金属板(1,2)は、融点が1000℃以上の高融点材料からなることを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求項1乃至15の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合方法を用いて、冷間圧延に供される金属板(S)を接合することを特徴とする冷間圧延設備の金属板接合方法。
- ツール本体(5a,6a)の先端部にそれより小径のプローブ(13a,13b)を設け、前記ツール本体の先端部における前記プローブの取り付け部の周辺をショルダ部(5b,6b)として構成した上下の回転ツール(5,6)を2枚の金属板(1,2)の接合部である突き合わせ部(J)にその表面側及び裏面側から挿入し、前記上下の回転ツールを回転させることによって生じる摩擦熱を利用して摩擦撹拌し、前記2枚の金属板を接合する両面摩擦攪拌接合装置において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)のショルダ部(5b,6b)の直径より小さな厚みの2枚の金属板(1,2)の表裏面をそれぞれ把持する第1及び第2把持装置(7,8)と、
前記上下の回転ツールを1本ずつ備え、前記2枚の金属板の突き合わせ部(J)の表面側と裏面側に、それぞれ、前記上下の回転ツールを相対向するように配置した上摩擦攪拌装置(3)及び下摩擦攪拌装置(4)と、
前記上摩擦攪拌装置及び下摩擦攪拌装置のそれぞれの回転ツールを互いに近づく方向に移動して、前記上下の回転ツールのプローブ(13a,13b)先端間に所定の隙間(δ)を与えかつ前記上下の回転ツールのショルダ部(5b,6b)を前記突き合わせ部(J)の表面側と裏面側に押圧する押圧及び隙間調整装置(55,56)と、
前記突き合わせ部(J)に沿って前記上摩擦攪拌装置及び下摩擦攪拌装置の前記上下の回転ツールを移動させる移動装置(57,58)とを有したことを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合装置。
- ツール本体(5a,6a)の先端部にそれより小径のプローブ(13a,13b)を設け、前記ツール本体の先端部における前記プローブの取り付け部の周辺をショルダ部(5b,6b)として構成した上下の回転ツール(5,6)を2枚の金属板(1,2)の接合部である重ね合わせ部(J)にその表面側及び裏面側から挿入し、前記上下の回転ツールを回転させることによって生じる摩擦熱を利用して摩擦撹拌し、前記2枚の金属板を接合する両面摩擦攪拌接合装置において、
前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)のショルダ部(5b,6b)の直径より小さな厚みの2枚の金属板(1,2)の表裏面をそれぞれ把持する第1及び第2把持装置(7,8)と、
前記上下の回転ツールを1本ずつ備え、前記2枚の金属板の重ね合わせ部(J)の表面側と裏面側に、それぞれ、前記上下の回転ツールを相対向するように配置した上摩擦攪拌装置(3)及び下摩擦攪拌装置(4)と、
前記上摩擦攪拌装置及び下摩擦攪拌装置のそれぞれの回転ツールを互いに近づく方向に移動して、前記上下の回転ツールのプローブ(13a,13b)先端間に所定の隙間(δ)を与えかつ前記上下の回転ツールのショルダ部(5b,6b)を前記重ね合わせ部(J)の表面側と裏面側に押圧する押圧及び隙間調整装置(55,56)と、
前記重ね合わせ部(J)に沿って前記上摩擦攪拌装置及び下摩擦攪拌装置の前記上下の回転ツールを移動させる移動装置(57,58)とを有したことを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合装置。
- 請求項17又は18に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合装置において、
前記上下の摩擦攪拌装置(3,4)の前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)の軸芯(14)を、回転ツールの進行方向に対してそれぞれのプローブ(13a,13b)が先行する方向に傾けて支持する傾斜支持装置(76a,76b)を更に有することを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合装置。
- 請求項17~19の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合装置において、
前記押圧及び隙間調整装置(55,56)は、前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)のプローブ(13a,13b)先端間の隙間(δ)を、前記2枚の金属板(1,2)の接合部(J)の厚みに対し1%以上50%以下の比率に調整することを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合装置。
- 請求項17乃至20の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合装置において、
前記第1及び第2把持装置(7,8)は、前記第1及び第2把持装置間の距離が前記ツール本体(5a,6a)の直径の1.5倍以上5倍以下となるように配置されていることを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合装置。
- 請求項17乃至21の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合装置において、
前記上下の摩擦攪拌装置(3,4)は、それぞれの回転ツール(5,6)の回転方向を表面側と裏面側で逆方向に回転させることを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合装置。
- 請求項19乃至22の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合装置において、
前記傾斜支持装置(76a,76b)は、前記金属板(1,2)の厚みが2mm以下の場合に、前記上下の摩擦攪拌装置(3,4)の前記上下の回転ツール(5,6)の軸芯(14)の傾き角度を0°を超え3°以下に設定することを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合装置。
- 請求項17乃至23の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合装置において、
前記上下の摩擦攪拌装置(3,4)の回転ツール(5,6)のうちの一方の回転ツール(6)は、摩擦攪拌接合開始前に予定挿入深さまで金属板(1,2)の厚み方向に対し位置制御にて移動し、回転ツール(6)の挿入深さを保持した状態で、接合部端面(24)から回転ツールの進行方向に位置制御にて送って、位置制御のまま接合部端面(24)から回転ツール(6)を金属板に挿入して摩擦攪拌接合を開始し、その後、摩擦攪拌接合終了まで、回転ツール(6)の挿入位置を金属板の厚み方向に対し位置制御にて保持しながら送り、
他方の回転ツール(5)は、摩擦攪拌接合開始前までは、前記一方の回転ツール(6)と同様、予定挿入深さまで金属板(1,2)の厚み方向に対し位置制御にて移動し、回転ツール(5)の挿入深さを保持した状態で、接合部端面(24)から回転ツールの進行方向に位置制御にて送って、金属板の厚み方向に対し位置制御のまま接合部端面(24)から回転ツール(5)を金属板に挿入して摩擦攪拌接合を開始し、摩擦攪拌接合開始後は、前記一方の回転ツール(6)の送り位置と同期して送り、その送りの間、回転ツール(5)の負荷が所定の値となるように、回転ツール(5)の挿入位置を制御する負荷一定制御とし、摩擦攪拌接合が終了する接合終端部到達前に、その時点の回転ツール(5)の挿入位置を保持する位置制御に切り替え、接合部終端部を通過させ、摩擦攪拌接合するよう前記隙間調整手段(55,56)及び移動手段(57,58)を制御する制御装置(83)を更に有することを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合装置。
- 請求項17乃至23の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合装置において、
前記上下の摩擦攪拌装置(3,4)の上下の回転ツール(5,6)を、摩擦攪拌接合開始前に予定挿入深さまで金属板(1,2)の厚み方向に対し位置制御にて移動し、回転ツール(5,6)の挿入深さを保持した状態で、接合部端面(24)から回転ツールの進行方向に位置制御にて送って、金属板の厚み方向に対し位置制御のまま接合部端面(24)から回転ツール(5,6)を金属板に挿入して摩擦攪拌接合を開始し、摩擦攪拌接合開始後は、回転ツール(5,6)の負荷が所定の値となるように、回転ツール(5,6)の挿入位置を制御する負荷一定制御とし、摩擦攪拌接合が終了する接合終端部到達前に、その時点の回転ツール(5,6)の挿入位置を保持する位置制御に切り替え、接合部終端部を通過させ、摩擦攪拌接合するよう前記隙間調整手段(55,56)及び移動手段(57,58)を制御する制御装置(83)を更に有することを特徴とする両面摩擦攪拌接合装置。
- 請求項17乃至25の何れか1項に記載の両面摩擦攪拌接合装置(36)を備えたことを特徴とする冷間圧延設備。
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CN102481659B (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
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CN102481659A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
JPWO2011024320A1 (ja) | 2013-01-24 |
EP2474382A4 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
JP4838385B2 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
BR112012004131A2 (pt) | 2016-03-22 |
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