WO2011010704A1 - ボイラの灰付着抑制方法及び灰付着抑制装置 - Google Patents
ボイラの灰付着抑制方法及び灰付着抑制装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011010704A1 WO2011010704A1 PCT/JP2010/062379 JP2010062379W WO2011010704A1 WO 2011010704 A1 WO2011010704 A1 WO 2011010704A1 JP 2010062379 W JP2010062379 W JP 2010062379W WO 2011010704 A1 WO2011010704 A1 WO 2011010704A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ash
- boiler
- ratio
- slag
- ash adhesion
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 abstract description 162
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009491 slugging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003476 subbituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J9/00—Preventing premature solidification of molten combustion residues
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
- G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/10—Pulverizing
- F23K2201/1003—Processes to make pulverulent fuels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/50—Blending
- F23K2201/501—Blending with other fuels or combustible waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
- F23K2203/10—Supply line fittings
- F23K2203/104—Metering devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
- F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/08—Controlling two or more different types of fuel simultaneously
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for suppressing ash adhesion in a boiler that uses solid fuel as fuel.
- a solid fuel pulverized by a pulverizer is supplied to a boiler that uses a solid fuel as a fuel by air for conveyance.
- the boiler is a furnace that generates heat by burning the supplied fuel with a burner or the like, a heat transfer tube group that is arranged from the upper side to the downstream of the furnace and that exchanges heat by flowing combustion gas inside, Is provided. Combustion gas emitted from the boiler is discharged from the chimney.
- the heat transfer tube group includes an upper heat transfer unit including a secondary heater, a tertiary heater, a final heater, and a secondary reheater arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals above the furnace, and a rear part of the furnace And a rear heat transfer section provided with a primary heater, a primary reheater, and a economizer.
- Non-Patent Document 1 uses a method for predicting in advance the possibility of ash adhesion based on an ash index and an evaluation standard based on an ash composition in which an ash-containing element is represented by an oxide.
- the index and evaluation criteria shown in Non-Patent Document 1 are for bituminous coal, and bituminous coal is high-quality coal with few problems such as ash adhesion.
- Non-Patent Document 1 does not target inferior coal (for example, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, high-silica coal, high-calcium coal, etc.) whose demand has been increasing in recent years.
- inferior coal for example, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, high-silica coal, high-calcium coal, etc.
- Patent Document 1 the coal ash obtained by ashing the coal to be used in advance is sintered to measure the degree of sticking of the sintered ash and predict the adhesion of the ash.
- Technology to evaluate has been developed.
- sinterability and meltability of ash are greatly influenced not only by temperature but also by atmospheric gas composition.
- CO and reducing gas concentration is higher reducing atmosphere such as H 2, the lower the softening point or melting point of the ash, tends to sinter.
- an oxidizing atmosphere the softening point and melting point of ash increase and sintering becomes difficult. Therefore, in the technique of Patent Document 1 that does not consider the atmospheric gas composition, there is a problem that it is difficult to accurately predict ash adhesion in the boiler.
- the present invention is capable of suppressing ash adhesion by accurately predicting ash adhesion in a boiler in order to stably operate the boiler in a boiler using various types of solid fuel including inferior coal as fuel.
- the boiler ash adhesion suppression method includes a composition of ash components measured in advance for each of a plurality of types of solid fuels, and a fixed amount of ash components calculated for each of the plurality of types of solid fuels. Determining a mixing ratio of the plurality of types of fixed fuel based on a slag ratio indicating a ratio of slag at a predetermined atmospheric temperature and atmospheric gas composition, so that the slag ratio in the boiler is equal to or less than a reference value; And mixing the plurality of types of solid fuel based on the mixing ratio of the plurality of types of fixed fuel, and supplying the mixed fuel as fuel to a boiler.
- the boiler ash adhesion suppressing device calculates a slag ratio indicating a ratio of slag at a predetermined atmospheric temperature and atmospheric gas composition out of a certain amount of ash components for each of a plurality of types of solid fuel.
- calculating means for determining the mixing ratio of the plurality of types of fixed fuel so that the slag ratio in the boiler is equal to or less than a reference value based on the composition of the ash component measured in advance for each of the plurality of types of solid fuel.
- a fuel supply amount adjusting means for adjusting a supply amount of the plurality of types of solid fuel based on the mixing ratio of the plurality of types of fixed fuel.
- the present invention focuses on slag, which is a component that melts by combustion in the boiler and floats on the airflow of combustion air in the boiler and adheres to the furnace wall and heat transfer tube group.
- the mixing ratio of a plurality of types of solid fuels is determined based on the slag ratio calculated for each solid fuel and the composition of the ash component. Therefore, the ash adhesion characteristics are evaluated based on the slag ratio, which is a newly established evaluation index according to the present invention, and the mixing ratio of a plurality of types of solid fuels is determined so that the slag ratio is below the reference value. Therefore, adhesion of ash can be suppressed.
- the solid fuel includes coal, sludge carbide, biomass fuel, and the like.
- the supply amount of the solid fuel as the fuel is determined so that the amount of heat input to the boiler is constant.
- the slag ratio is calculated by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation based on the composition of the ash component, or a predetermined atmospheric temperature and
- the atmospheric gas composition may be calculated from the slag measured when each of the plurality of types of solid fuels is heated.
- the slag ratio When calculating the slag ratio by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation based on the composition of the ash component, the slag ratio can be obtained without performing an experiment. In addition, when calculating the slag ratio from the slag generated by heating at a predetermined atmospheric temperature and atmospheric gas composition measured in advance for each of the plurality of types of solid fuel, the slag ratio in accordance with the actual boiler situation is calculated. Can be sought.
- the reference value is determined based on the ash adhesion rate with respect to the slag ratio so that the ash adhesion rate is low
- the ash deposition rate is calculated as a ratio of the actual deposited ash amount investigated in advance to the collision ash amount to the ash deposition probe inserted in the boiler
- the collision ash amount is calculated based on the supply amount of the solid fuel and It may be calculated as the total amount of ash components that collide with the projected area of the ash adhesion probe, which is determined from the ash content and the furnace shape of the boiler.
- ash adhesion can be suppressed by determining the reference value of the slag ratio so that the ash adhesion ratio becomes low based on the comparison result between the ash adhesion ratio and the slag ratio investigated in advance. .
- the reference value may be determined to be 50 to 60 wt% so that the ash adhesion rate is 5 to 7 wt% or less.
- the ash adhesion rate will be as low as 5 to 7 wt%. Can be suppressed.
- the predetermined atmospheric temperature and atmospheric gas composition may be an atmospheric temperature and an atmospheric gas composition in the vicinity of the burner.
- the boiler ash adhesion suppressing device further includes a measuring means for measuring the temperature of the boiler combustion chamber and the atmospheric gas composition, and the predetermined atmospheric temperature and the atmospheric gas composition were measured by the measuring means.
- the temperature and atmospheric gas composition in the boiler combustion chamber may be used.
- the slag ratio in the ash in each part inside the boiler can be obtained appropriately, and an appropriate mixing ratio of plural kinds of solid fuels can be calculated.
- the predetermined atmospheric temperature and atmospheric gas composition are the maximum atmospheric temperature in the boiler design and the atmospheric gas composition at the site, or the boiler. It may be the atmospheric gas composition having the highest degree of reduction in design and the temperature at that portion.
- the atmosphere gas composition having the highest reduction degree in boiler design means an atmosphere gas composition having the highest concentration of reducing gas such as CO or H 2 .
- ash adhesion suppressing method and the ash adhesion suppressing apparatus of the present invention in a boiler using various types of solid fuel including inferior coal as fuel, ash adhesion in the boiler is accurately predicted, and ash adheres. Can be suppressed. Therefore, stable operation of the boiler is possible.
- FIG. 1 is a step diagram showing a procedure of a boiler ash adhesion suppressing method according to the present embodiment.
- the composition of the ash component of each solid fuel to be used in the boiler is measured (step S1).
- the composition of the ash component coal properties such as the water content, the calorific value, the ash content, and the composition of the ash component of the solid fuel are measured.
- the solid fuel includes coal, sludge carbide, biomass fuel, and the like.
- the mixing ratio of each solid fuel is calculated based on the slag ratio of each solid fuel (step S2).
- the slag ratio is an evaluation index of ash adhesion characteristics used in this embodiment, and means a ratio of slag out of a certain amount of solid ash component at a specific temperature and atmospheric condition.
- slag means the component which melts
- the slag ratio is calculated according to each solid fuel and the mixing condition of each solid fuel.
- the slag ratio is a state in which the ash component of each solid fuel measured in advance is thermodynamically most stable under specific conditions (temperature, atmospheric gas composition), that is, Gibbs free energy ( ⁇ G). It is obtained by calculating the composition and phase in a state close to zero by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation.
- the calculation method of a slag ratio is not restricted to the above-mentioned form,
- the ash of each solid fuel may be heated and the slag ratio in each temperature and atmospheric gas composition may be measured beforehand. Thereby, the slag ratio according to the actual situation of the boiler can be obtained.
- the ash adhesion ratio is calculated.
- the ash adhesion rate is the ratio of the amount of ash adhering to the ash adhesion probe with respect to the amount of ash adhering to the ash adhesion probe inserted into the furnace of the boiler, and means the ease of ash adhesion. It is represented by The collision ash amount to the ash adhesion probe is the total amount of ash components that collide with the projected area of the ash adhesion probe, and is determined by the supply amount of solid fuel, the ash content, and the furnace shape of the boiler.
- the slag rate value (reference value) is determined such that the ash adhesion rate is as low as about 5 to 7 wt%. Then, using the mixing ratio of each solid fuel as a parameter, the composition of the ash component of the mixed fuel is calculated from the composition of the ash component of each solid fuel measured in step S1. The slag ratio in ash is obtained by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. Then, in order to obtain an ash composition in which the slag ratio in the ash is equal to or less than the determined reference value, the mixing ratio of each solid fuel is calculated.
- the supply amount of the solid fuel as the fuel is determined so that the amount of heat input to the boiler becomes constant.
- thermodynamic equilibrium calculation the atmospheric temperature and the atmospheric gas composition in the vicinity of the burner where ash adhesion to the boiler wall is noticeably generated are used.
- the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation is not limited to the atmospheric temperature and the atmospheric gas composition in the vicinity of the burner, but may be performed based on the atmospheric temperature and the atmospheric gas composition in a desired portion such as a heat transfer tube group in which ash is likely to adhere.
- the slag ratio in ash in each part inside a boiler can be calculated
- the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation is not limited to the above-described form, and may be performed based on the maximum atmospheric gas temperature in the boiler design and the atmospheric gas composition at that part.
- thermodynamic equilibrium calculation may be performed based on the atmospheric gas composition having the highest reduction degree in boiler design (the highest concentration of reducing gas such as CO and H 2 ) and the temperature at the site. . If it does so, the mixing ratio of multiple types of solid fuel can be determined, without depending on the combustion temperature in the furnace of a boiler.
- the slag ratio which is an evaluation index of ash adhesion characteristics, is evaluated based on the ash adhesion ratio, but is not limited thereto.
- a combustion test furnace or actual can boiler is used to perform a combustion test while changing the ratio of slag contained in the fuel, and a mass of clinker (molten slag) that cannot be carried out by the conveyor installed in the boiler falls on the furnace wall
- the slag ratio may be evaluated using the slag ratio as a reference value.
- the slag ratio may be evaluated using the slag ratio when the main steam temperature and the main steam pressure deviate or fluctuate from the specified region as a reference value.
- step S3 based on the mixing ratio of each solid fuel calculated in step S2, solid fuel is mixed, and after being pulverized, it is supplied to the boiler as fuel (step S3).
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the boiler ash adhesion suppressing device according to the present embodiment.
- the boiler 7 includes hoppers 1 and 2, a fuel supply amount adjustment device (fuel supply amount adjustment means) 3, a mixer 4, a pulverizer 5, a burner 6, and a calculator (calculation). Means) 9.
- the boiler ash adhesion suppressing device according to the present embodiment includes a fuel supply amount adjusting device 3 and a calculator 9.
- the hoppers 1 and 2 hold two types of solid fuels with different ash properties.
- the solid fuel includes coal, sludge carbide, biomass fuel, and the like.
- the fuel supply amount adjusting device 3 adjusts the amount of solid fuel cut out from the hoppers 1 and 2 based on the solid fuel mixing ratio calculated by the calculator 9 described later.
- the mixer 4 mixes the solid fuel cut out by the fuel supply amount adjusting device 3.
- the pulverizer 5 pulverizes the solid fuel that has been mixed by the mixer 4 into pulverized coal.
- the burner 6 burns pulverized coal blown together with air.
- the boiler 7 collects heat by burning pulverized coal.
- the boiler 7 is disposed from the upper side of the furnace to the downstream side where the supplied fuel is burned by the burner 6 and the like, and the combustion gas flows inside to heat And a heat transfer tube group for exchange.
- the combustion gas emitted from the boiler is discharged from the chimney.
- the heat transfer tube group is arranged in the upper part of the heat transfer unit including the secondary heater, the tertiary heater, the final heater, and the secondary reheater arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval above the furnace, and the rear part of the furnace.
- a rear heat transfer section including a primary heater, a primary reheater, and a economizer.
- the calculator 9 preliminarily accumulates properties such as the moisture content of the solid fuel, the calorific value, the ash content, and the composition of the ash component as data 8.
- the computing unit 9 calculates the composition of the ash component of the fuel to be mixed from the composition of the ash component of each solid fuel measured in advance using the mixing ratio of the solid fuel as a parameter. Then, the calculator 9 determines a slag ratio value (reference value) such that the ash adhesion ratio is as low as about 5 to 7 wt% from the relationship between the ash adhesion ratio and the slag ratio measured in advance.
- the computing unit 9 determines the mixing ratio of each solid fuel in order to obtain an ash composition such that the slag ratio obtained by the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation is equal to or less than the determined reference value.
- the supply amount of the solid fuel as the fuel is determined so that the amount of heat input to the boiler becomes constant.
- the slag ratio is an evaluation index of the ash adhesion characteristics used in the present embodiment, and means a ratio of slag that has become a specific amount of solid ash component under specific temperature and atmospheric conditions.
- the ash adhesion rate, the slag ratio, and their relationship are as described above, and the description thereof is omitted.
- thermodynamic equilibrium calculation for example, the atmospheric temperature and the atmospheric gas composition in the vicinity of the burner in which ash adhesion to the boiler wall is noticeably generated are used.
- the atmospheric temperature and atmospheric gas composition in the vicinity of the burner are measured using a measuring device (measuring means) (not shown) installed in the vicinity of the burner.
- the measuring device is not limited to being installed near the burner.
- a measuring device may be installed in a desired portion such as a heat transfer tube group in which ash is likely to adhere, and thermodynamic equilibrium calculation may be performed based on the atmospheric temperature and the atmospheric gas composition in the portion.
- the slag ratio in ash in each part inside a boiler can be calculated
- thermodynamic equilibrium calculation is not limited to the above-described form, and may be performed based on the maximum ambient gas temperature in the boiler design and the ambient gas composition at that portion. Further, the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation may be performed based on the atmospheric gas composition having the highest reduction degree in boiler design (the highest concentration of reducing gas such as CO and H 2 ) and the temperature at the site. . Thereby, the mixing ratio of a plurality of types of solid fuel can be determined without depending on the combustion temperature in the furnace of the boiler.
- the mixing ratio of the solid fuel is not limited to the form calculated based on the slag ratio obtained by the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation, and is measured in advance when the ash component of each solid fuel is heated at each temperature and atmospheric gas composition. It may be calculated by a form of calculating based on the slag ratio. Thereby, the slag ratio according to the actual situation of the boiler can be obtained.
- the boiler ash adhesion suppression method and the ash adhesion suppression device of the present embodiment are melted by combustion in the boiler and float on the combustion air flow in the boiler and adhere to the furnace wall and the heat transfer tube group.
- the slag that is a component to be used.
- the mixing ratio of a plurality of types of solid fuels is determined.
- the ash adhesion characteristics are evaluated based on the slag ratio that is a newly established evaluation index in the present invention, and the mixing ratio of a plurality of types of solid fuels is determined so that the slag ratio is equal to or less than the reference value.
- the supply amount of the solid fuel serving as the fuel is determined so that the amount of heat input to the boiler is constant, and the amount of heat important in the boiler is taken into consideration.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the slag ratio and the ash adhesion rate according to the present embodiment.
- Table 1 is a table
- the pulverized coal combustion test furnace in the pulverized coal combustion test furnace (furnace inner diameter 400 mm, effective height 3650 mm in the furnace), five types of ash component compositions are different under the condition that the total input heat amount of city gas for heating is 149 kW.
- the experiment was conducted using pulverized coal.
- the supply amount of the pulverized coal was adjusted by mixing a single type or a plurality of types of pulverized coal so that the input heat amount of the five types of pulverized coal became constant 60 kW.
- the pulverized coal whose supply amount is adjusted is burned together with combustion air in a burner provided at the top of the furnace, and the ash adhesion probe is inserted below and held for 100 minutes, and the ash adhering to the surface of the ash adhesion probe.
- the adhesion rate of was investigated.
- the atmosphere temperature in the furnace in the portion where the ash adhesion probe is inserted is about 1300 ° C., similarly to the temperature at which the ash adhesion phenomenon occurs in the actual can boiler.
- the inside of the ash adhesion probe is water-cooled and temperature-adjusted so that the surface temperature of the ash adhesion probe is about 500 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the five types of pulverized coal used in the experiment.
- thermodynamic equilibrium calculation Based on the properties of the pulverized coal shown in Table 1, under a specific condition (temperature, atmosphere gas composition), a certain amount of ash component is thermodynamically most stable, that is, Gibbs free energy ( ⁇ The composition and phase in the state where G) is close to zero are calculated by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. Thereby, the slag ratio of the pulverized coal used as fuel in the experiment is calculated.
- the temperature is 1300 ° C., atmospheric gas composition, O 2: 1vol%, CO 2: 19vol%, N 2: as 80 vol%, was subjected to thermal equilibrium calculation.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the slag ratio and the ash adhesion rate according to this example.
- the ash adhesion rate is about 5 to 7 wt% or less when the slag ratio is 50 to 60 wt%. From FIG. 3, it is clear that when the slag ratio becomes larger than 50 to 60 wt%, the ash adhesion rate rapidly increases. Therefore, adhesion of ash can be suppressed by adjusting the mixing ratio of the five types of pulverized coal so that the slag ratio calculated according to the composition of the ash component is 50 to 60 wt% or less. I understand.
- Fuel supply amount adjustment device fuel supply amount adjustment means
- Boiler 9 Calculator (Calculation means)
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Abstract
Description
7 ボイラ
9 演算機(演算手段)
Claims (12)
- 複数種類の固体燃料のそれぞれについて予め測定された灰成分の組成と、前記複数種類の固体燃料のそれぞれについて算出された、一定量の灰成分のうち所定の雰囲気温度及び雰囲気ガス組成においてスラグになる割合を示すスラグ割合と、に基づいて、ボイラにおけるスラグ割合が基準値以下になるように、前記複数種類の固定燃料の混合比率を決定するステップと、
前記複数種類の固定燃料の前記混合比率に基づいて、前記複数種類の固体燃料を混合し、燃料としてボイラに供給するステップと、を含むことを特徴とするボイラの灰付着抑制方法。 - 前記スラグ割合は、前記灰成分の組成に基づいて熱力学平衡計算により算出されるか、所定の雰囲気温度及び雰囲気ガス組成において前記複数種類の固体燃料のそれぞれを加熱した際に測定されたスラグから算出されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。
- 前記基準値は、前記スラグ割合に対する灰付着率に基づいて、前記灰付着率が低くなるように決定され、
前記灰付着率は、前記ボイラ内に挿入された灰付着プローブへの衝突灰量に対する、予め調査された実際の付着灰量の割合として算出され、
前記衝突灰量は、前記固体燃料の供給量及び灰分含有率並びに前記ボイラの炉形状から求められる、前記灰付着プローブの投影面積に衝突する灰成分の総量として算出されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。 - 前記灰付着率が5~7wt%以下となるように、前記基準値が50~60wt%に決定されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。
- 前記所定の雰囲気温度及び雰囲気ガス組成は、バーナ近傍における雰囲気温度及び雰囲気ガス組成であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。
- 前記所定の雰囲気温度及び雰囲気ガス組成は、ボイラ設計上の最高雰囲気温度及びその部位における雰囲気ガス組成、または、ボイラ設計上の還元度が最も高い雰囲気ガス組成及びその部位における温度であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制方法。
- 複数種類の固体燃料のそれぞれについて、一定量の灰成分のうち、所定の雰囲気温度及び雰囲気ガス組成においてスラグになる割合を示すスラグ割合を算出すると共に、複数種類の固体燃料のそれぞれについて予め測定された灰成分の組成に基づいて、ボイラにおけるスラグ割合が基準値以下になるように前記複数種類の固定燃料の混合比率を決定する演算手段と、
前記複数種類の固定燃料の前記混合比率に基づいて、前記複数種類の固体燃料の供給量を調整する燃料供給量調整手段と、を備えることを特徴とするボイラの灰付着抑制装置。 - 前記スラグ割合は、前記灰成分の組成に基づいて熱力学平衡計算により算出されるか、所定の雰囲気温度及び雰囲気ガス組成において前記複数種類の固体燃料のそれぞれを加熱した際に測定されたスラグから算出されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。
- 前記基準値は、前記スラグ割合に対する灰付着率に基づいて、前記灰付着率が低くなるように決定され、
前記灰付着率は、前記ボイラ内に挿入された灰付着プローブへの衝突灰量に対する、予め調査された実際の付着灰量の割合として算出され、
前記衝突灰量は、前記固体燃料の供給量及び灰分含有率並びに前記ボイラの炉形状から求められる、前記灰付着プローブの投影面積に衝突する灰成分の総量として算出されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。 - 前記灰付着率が5~7wt%以下となるように、前記基準値が50~60wt%に決定されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。
- ボイラ燃焼室の温度及び雰囲気ガス組成を計測する計測手段を更に備え、
前記所定の雰囲気温度及び雰囲気ガス組成は、前記計測手段で測定された前記ボイラ燃焼室の温度及び雰囲気ガス組成であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。 - 前記所定の雰囲気温度及び雰囲気ガス組成は、ボイラ設計上の最高雰囲気温度及びその部位における雰囲気ガス組成、または、ボイラ設計上の還元度が最も高い雰囲気ガス組成及びその部位における温度であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のボイラの灰付着抑制装置。
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