WO2011007797A1 - 糖タンパク質の測定方法、肝疾患の検査方法、糖タンパク質定量用試薬および肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカー糖タンパク質 - Google Patents
糖タンパク質の測定方法、肝疾患の検査方法、糖タンパク質定量用試薬および肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカー糖タンパク質 Download PDFInfo
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- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- C07K14/473—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used alpha-Glycoproteins
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- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
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- G01N2333/42—Lectins, e.g. concanavalin, phytohaemagglutinin
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- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
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- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
- G01N2333/4728—Details alpha-Glycoproteins
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2400/00—Assays, e.g. immunoassays or enzyme assays, involving carbohydrates
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2400/00—Assays, e.g. immunoassays or enzyme assays, involving carbohydrates
- G01N2400/02—Assays, e.g. immunoassays or enzyme assays, involving carbohydrates involving antibodies to sugar part of glycoproteins
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/08—Hepato-biliairy disorders other than hepatitis
- G01N2800/085—Liver diseases, e.g. portal hypertension, fibrosis, cirrhosis, bilirubin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
- Y10T436/142222—Hetero-O [e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.]
- Y10T436/143333—Saccharide [e.g., DNA, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention provides a method for measuring at least one glycoprotein selected from alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP), at least one glycoprotein selected from AGP and M2BP
- AGP alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
- M2BP Mac-2-binding protein
- the present invention relates to a sugar chain marker glycoprotein capable of detecting the state of a background liver such as hepatocellular carcinoma and inflammation / fibrosis by the difference in sugar chain and the examination method of liver diseases.
- Liver cancer can be roughly divided into primary liver cancer that develops in the liver and metastatic liver cancer, and 90% of primary liver cancer is said to be hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma patients are often infected with hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus as the underlying disease, and progress from acute viral hepatitis to chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis, and viral hepatitis After being afflicted with and often for the first time after a long period of time, it often develops cancer.
- cirrhosis repeated inflammation and regeneration reduce normal hepatocytes and transform them into an organ composed of fibrous tissue. For example, it is said that there are 3 million hepatitis C patients in Japan alone, and over 10 million in China and Africa.
- liver cancer markers As markers of liver cancer, ⁇ -fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) have been known so far (patent documents 1 and 2), but their specificity is And sensitivity is not enough. Therefore, for the early detection of liver cancer, screening is currently performed by liver cancer markers and imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- CT computed tomography
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
- Non-patent Document 1 describes an attempt to measure fucosylated AGP in serum using AAL lectin to detect cirrhosis.
- the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1 has a sensitivity of about 87% despite the sensitivity of about 66%, and a correct diagnosis rate of 77 Since it is about%, it is not satisfactory from the viewpoint of liver disease detection performance.
- Non-Patent Document 2 asialo AGP in the serum of normal subjects, patients with acute hepatitis, patients with chronic hepatitis, patients with liver cirrhosis and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is measured by immunochromatography using RCA lectin, and each liver disease It is described that an experiment was conducted to determine whether or not it can be positively discriminated. However, as understood from the results described in Table 2 of the technique described in Non-Patent Document 2, when focusing on cirrhosis, although the sensitivity is about 88%, the false positive rate in chronic hepatitis patients is 63%. It is not satisfactory from the viewpoint of liver disease detection performance.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of measuring a sugar chain marker glycoprotein capable of detecting a liver disease with higher accuracy than conventional. Moreover, this invention makes it a subject to provide the test method of the liver disease which can detect a liver disease with high precision than before. Moreover, this invention makes it a subject to provide the reagent for glycoprotein quantitative determination used for the said measuring method. Furthermore, this invention makes it a subject to provide the liver disease condition index sugar_chain
- AGP alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
- M2BP Mac-2-binding protein
- the measuring method of the present invention it is possible to easily measure a sugar chain marker glycoprotein capable of highly reliably performing a test of a liver disease such as cirrhosis.
- the liver disease condition index sugar chain marker glycoprotein of the present invention makes it possible to perform examination with a high accuracy diagnosis rate and a small amount of serum than existing markers, and enables liver fibrosis progress monitoring to grasp the progress of the disease condition. Not only can it be evaluated, but also the improvement of liver fibrosis and inflammation after antiviral therapy including interferon can be evaluated.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the change of a background liver tissue, and carcinogenesis. It is a figure which shows the structural change of the liver from infection to carcinogenesis.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between liver status change and a diagnostic treatment scheme. It is a figure showing the verification experiment procedure of the biomarker candidate molecule on the basis of a lectin microarray.
- AGP liver disease condition index sugar chain marker
- lectin microarray analysis of AGP which is a liver disease condition index sugar chain marker. It is a figure which shows the therapeutic effect determination of the interferon which used AGP as a marker which can monitor the fibrosis progress of the liver. It is a figure which shows dilution linearity at the time of using DSA by the 1st rapid measurement method. It is a figure which shows dilution linearity at the time of using MAL by the 1st rapid measurement method. It is a figure which shows dilution linearity at the time of using AOL by the 1st rapid measurement method.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the measurement result by AOL with respect to a clinical sample by the lectin array method. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured by the 2nd rapid measurement method by making the object sample of HCV infected patient's serum 125 cases. It is the figure which compared the result measured by the lectin array method and the 2nd rapid measurement method for 100 test subjects. It is a figure which shows correlation with the fibrosis change of the liver, and the change of the lectin signal strength obtained by antibody overlay * lectin array analysis of M2BP. It is a figure which shows the sugar chain change on M2BP in serum before and after the operation of a hepatocellular carcinoma patient.
- FIG. 1 shows the measurement result by AOL with respect to a clinical sample by the lectin array method. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured by the 2nd rapid measurement method by making the object sample of HCV infected patient's serum 125 cases. It is the figure which compared the result measured by the lect
- FIG. 1 shows a model of a lectin-antibody sandwich ELISA, which is the best form for detecting WFA binding M2BP. It is a figure which shows a time-dependent change of the amount of WFA binding M2BP in the serum after a liver cancer patient's operation.
- WFA binding M2BP detection by ELISA method it is a figure which shows the influence which the presence or absence of sample heat processing has on a detection sensitivity.
- M2BP by the 2nd rapid measurement method it is a figure which shows the dilution linearity of the measurement system using WFA at the time of using the supernatant of HepG2 cultured cell as a sample.
- M2BP by the 2nd rapid measurement method it is a figure which shows the dilution linearity of the measurement system using WFA at the time of using Recombinant Human Galectin-3BP / MAC-2BP as a sample.
- hepatocellular carcinoma appears with a probability of about 7% annually. Therefore, in order to efficiently detect and treat hepatocellular carcinoma, it is important to simply sort out patients who are particularly in the F3 and F4 states and follow them as the subject of a close examination.
- Japan's hepatitis B and C patients' medical care benefits business exclusively targets the degree of fibrosis F1 to 3 determined by histopathological diagnosis of liver biopsy specimens.
- F4 it is classified as cirrhosis, and therefore, the medical treatment for hepatitis B and C patients for interferon treatment is only partially supported, but satisfactory results are obtained. I can not.
- 1-2 Evaluation of suppression of fibrosis by antiviral therapy
- PEG-IFN + RBV therapy and interferon alone administration for C type cirrhosis compensation stage are indicated.
- nucleic acid analogues are mainly used as a treatment for hepatitis B (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis), and markers for evaluating inflammation and fibrosis are considered to be essential.
- serum biomarkers are expected to be widely clinically applied for diagnostic and evaluation purposes.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinogenesis is thought to be largely alternated between microbiological factors caused by hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection and environmental factors.
- hepatitis B virus hepatitis B virus
- hepatitis C virus hepatitis C virus
- Japan about 90% of hepatocellular carcinoma patients have a history of infection with hepatitis B or C virus, and are known to occur in chronic hepatitis / hepatic cirrhosis patients.
- viruses men, elderly people, alcoholics, tobacco, and aflatoxin, which is one of mold poisons, are pointed out as carcinogenic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. (Guidelines for medical care of liver cancer, goods) International Medical Information Center) 1-4.
- hepatocellular carcinoma mainly focuses on measurement of liver cancer markers such as AFP and PIVKA-II in serum samples from subjects, and ultrasonography (echo test) Image diagnosis is mainly used.
- an ultrasound examination or CT is used as the first examination, and when any abnormality is found in these, it is usual to further perform MRI or angiography.
- liver cirrhosis (F4) with hepatocellular carcinoma appearing at an annual rate of around 7%, expensive and highly invasive precision inspection every 3 months to detect and treat the early cancer. It has to be said that the burden on patients is both financially and physically heavy. This is even more so in the case of F3, which has a carcinogenic rate of 3-4% a year. Furthermore, considering that the success rate of hepatitis C virus treatment with interferon is about 50%, patients with chronic hepatitis who did not respond to a considerable number of patients who have received interferon treatment have liver cirrhosis and hepatocyte carcinogenesis. It is necessary to clarify if there is a position and to conduct clinical follow up.
- the carcinogenic risk is weighted for patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis by simple tests such as blood tests, and diagnostic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma is commensurate with that. It is in a situation that needs to be implemented.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between liver status changes and diagnostic treatment schemes.
- peginterferon / ribavirin combination therapy PEG-IFN + RBV therapy
- radiofrequency ablation RBV therapy
- the sugar chain marker glycoprotein of the present invention can distinguish chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and thus serves as an index in the development of new treatments for liver cirrhosis.
- fibrosis F3-4 cases by the sugar chain marker glycoprotein. This is expected to be utilized as a serum evaluation marker of therapeutic effect at the time of clinical introduction of treatment aiming at liver fibrosis progression and carcinogenesis suppression in addition to quantitative diagnosis of fibrosis.
- liver disease condition index sugar chain marker glycoprotein AGP and M2BP which are novel liver disease condition index sugar chain marker glycoproteins of the present invention, are chronic hepatitis that occurs in onset and progress of disease caused by virus infection. It has been found to produce sugar chain changes that characterize liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- a marker glycoprotein that can identify a liver disease state is referred to as a liver disease state index sugar chain marker, using such a sugar chain change associated with the progression of the pathological state of viral liver disease as an index.
- the sugar chain change detection of AGP and M2BP which are novel liver disease condition index sugar chain markers of the present invention, is the respective condition of viral liver disease, that is, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, liver fibrosis (F3 and F4 markers) It is characteristic of chronic hepatitis or effective in differentiating each disease.
- sugar chain changes of these markers differ in type and ratio depending on the type and degree of progression of the disease. Therefore, statistical selection of lectin probes that reflect disease-specific changes in sugar chains is necessary in order to utilize markers and construct detection kits specific to each subject.
- the following is a more specific method of selecting a lectin probe suitable for use in monitoring liver fibrosis progression and detecting liver cirrhosis by using a sugar chain marker glycoprotein.
- Comparative sugar chain profiling by antibody overlay, lectin microarray, etc. is performed on glycoproteins (AGP and M2BP) collected from serum of (viral) hepatitis patients, cirrhosis patients and hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
- AGP and M2BP glycoproteins collected from serum of (viral) hepatitis patients, cirrhosis patients and hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
- blood samples are taken from (viral) hepatitis patients, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis patients, and hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
- AGP and M2BP are concentrated and purified by immunoprecipitation using an antibody, and the antibody overlay / lectin array is used to confirm that it can be used as a sugar chain marker glycoprotein of the pathological condition of liver disease. More specifically, as shown in FIG.
- AGP and M2BP are simply enriched by immunoprecipitation using anti-AGP antibody and anti-M2BP antibody, respectively. Since the lectin microarray is a highly sensitive comparative sugar chain analyzer and can be sufficiently analyzed with a protein preparation amount of about 100 nanograms, the above-mentioned pretreatment can be performed in mini-scale. Enriched AGP and M2BP are rapidly added to a lectin microarray, and after a certain time of reaction, obtain a sugar chain profile of AGP and M2BP by antibody overlay lectin microarray method.
- the amount of protein added to the lectin array varies depending on the protein, but is generally about nanogram to several tens nanogram.
- two-group comparative analysis such as Student-T test is performed using the data set. This makes it possible to select lectins that produce a significant difference in signal objectively due to pathological changes.
- a lectin microarray for example, a lectin microarray in which a plurality of lectins including part or all of the lectins described in Table 2 described later may be immobilized can be used, and more specifically, Kuno A., et al. The lectin microarray described in Nat. Methods 2, 851-856 (2005) or LecChip manufactured by GP Biosciences can be used.
- the antibodies described in Table 1 can be used.
- a lectin array is a combination of different types of classifiers (probes) with different specificities (probes) immobilized in parallel on one substrate (arrayed), and how much lectin interacts with the complex carbohydrate to be analyzed Can analyze at once.
- probes classifiers
- probes specificities
- lectin array information necessary for sugar chain structure estimation can be obtained by a single analysis, and the operation steps from sample preparation to scanning can be made quickly and easily.
- a sugar chain profiling system such as mass spectrometry, glycoproteins can not be analyzed as they are, but must be processed to the state of glycopeptides and free sugar chains in advance.
- lectin microarrays have the advantage that they can be analyzed as they are, for example, by directly introducing a fluorophore into the core protein part.
- the lectin microarray technology was developed by the present inventors, and its principle and basis are described in, for example, Kuno A., et al. Nat. Methods 2, 851-856 (2005).
- lectin array (LecChip manufactured by GP Biosciences) immobilized on 45 types of lectins is already commercially available.
- Antibody overlay / lectin microarray method The platform of lectin microarray is basically as described above, and for detection, the above analyte is not directly labeled with fluorescence etc., but a fluorescent group etc. indirectly via antibody. It is an applied method that can simplify and speed up analysis for multiple samples simultaneously by introducing it into the subject (“Kuno A, Kato Y, Matsuda A, Kaneko MK, Ito H, Amano K, Chiba Y, Narimatsu H, Hirabayashi J. Mol Cell Proteomics.
- the carbohydrate moiety is recognized by the lectin on the lectin microarray, so an antibody (anti-AGP antibody and anti-M2BP antibody) against the core protein moiety is overlaid thereon (overlay)
- an antibody anti-AGP antibody and anti-M2BP antibody against the core protein moiety is overlaid thereon (overlay)
- 3-4 lectin overlay / antibody microarray method This is a method using an antibody microarray in which antibodies against core protein are immobilized in parallel (arrayed) on a substrate such as a glass substrate instead of a lectin microarray. Only as many antibodies to the markers to be examined are needed. It is necessary to determine in advance a lectin that detects changes in sugar chains.
- AGP and M2BP are new liver disease state in which sugar chain structure changes with the pathologic change of liver disease such as progress of fibrosis. It is an index sugar chain marker. For this reason, it reacted with a lectin whose reactivity changes in response to changes in AGP and M2BP sugar chain structures (hereinafter referred to as lectin "A") and a marker contained in a sample collected from a subject, and reacted with the lectin By measuring the marker, it is possible to determine the pathological condition of the liver disease or to determine the degree of fibrosis of the liver.
- lectin A a lectin whose reactivity changes in response to changes in AGP and M2BP sugar chain structures
- a novel liver disease condition index sugar chain marker is (1) (i) It can implement using the antibody which detects parts (core protein) other than the sugar_chain
- a liver disease pathologic index sugar chain marker can be detected using an antibody that is a specific antibody to a liver disease pathologic index sugar chain marker and the site including the sugar chain binding part is an epitope.
- an antibody overlay method using a lectin array (“Kuno A, Kato Y, Matsuda A, Kaneko MK, Ito H, Amano K, Chiba Y, Narimatsu H, Hirabayashi J. Mol Cell Proteomics. 8, 99-108 (2009)) can be used.
- a lectin array Kano A, Kato Y, Matsuda A, Kaneko MK, Ito H, Amano K, Chiba Y, Narimatsu H, Hirabayashi J. Mol Cell Proteomics. 8, 99-108 (2009).
- liver disease condition index sugar chain marker For example, as a specific liver disease detection method using a novel liver disease condition index sugar chain marker, 1) measuring a liver disease condition index sugar chain marker having a sugar chain that specifically reacts with lectin "A" in a sample collected from a subject; 2) measuring a liver disease condition index sugar chain marker having a sugar chain that specifically reacts with lectin "A” in a sample collected from a healthy person, 3) measuring a liver disease condition index sugar chain marker having a sugar chain that specifically reacts with lectin "A” in a sample collected from a liver disease patient, And 4)
- the measurement result of liver disease condition index sugar chain marker obtained from the subject and the measurement result of liver disease condition index sugar chain marker obtained from a healthy person or a patient with liver disease the measurement result of the subject is more liver
- Examples include a method for detecting a liver disease, including the step of determining that the disease is a liver disease when the measured value of the diseased patient is close.
- a threshold for discriminating liver disease is set in advance, and whether the subject is a liver disease by comparing the measurement value of the subject with the threshold. It may be determined.
- fibrosis The current assessment of fibrosis is by pathologic diagnosis of biopsy specimens. In recent years, the introduction of fibro scan is expected to spread the method. In addition, Fibro Test, Forn's index, Hepatoscore, etc. are clinically used as a method to evaluate fibrosis in a serological manner, but both sensitivity and specificity are inferior to those of biopsy diagnosis.
- AGP and M2BP using antibody serogroups with different degrees of fibrosis progression, select antibodies that increase or decrease the signal intensity in correlation with the progression of fibrosis by antibody overlay lectin microarray. Based on this information, it is possible to establish a sandwich detection method using an antibody to a marker candidate molecule and lectin “A” that changes in signal with progress of fibrosis, such as lectin-antibody sandwich ELISA or antibody overlay lectin microarray method. Patients who are staged for fibrosis by pathological diagnosis are collected about 100 and analyzed for them, and by setting cut-off value at each stage, monitor progress of liver fibrosis using patient's serum can do.
- lectin "A” for AGP, a first lectin selected from AOL and MAL can be mentioned, and for M2BP, a second lectin selected from WFA, BPL, AAL, RCA 120 and TJA II is mentioned be able to.
- a lectin selected from AOL and MAL may be referred to as a first lectin
- a lectin selected from WFA, BPL, AAL, RCA 120 and TJA II may be referred to as a second lectin.
- AGP binding to the first lectin can be measured, and a second lectin array on which at least a second lectin is immobilized
- anti-M2BP antibodies can be used to measure M2BP binding to the second lectin.
- Cirrhosis is defined as a pathologic condition in which a regenerated nodule with lost hepatic lobule structure and a fine fibrous connective tissue surrounding it appear diffusely throughout the liver. It is also the terminal state of progressive chronic liver disease where hepatocellular injury and fibrosis persist. Liver biopsy in liver cirrhosis is performed to search for etiologic diagnosis, and in many cases it is difficult to diagnose early liver cirrhosis or large nodule type cirrhosis (Surgery Pathology 4th ed. From Bunkodo). Therefore, there is a need for testing techniques that can diagnose cirrhosis qualitatively and quantitatively.
- fibrosis stages F3 and F4 can be distinguished among candidate molecule antibodies and lectin sets that can monitor the progression of fibrosis found in the section 1)
- Samples include biopsy samples, body fluid samples, and preferably blood (serum, plasma, etc.).
- Measurement includes both qualitative measurement and quantitative measurement.
- the measurement of a liver disease condition index sugar chain marker can be performed, for example, using (1) a column or array on which lectin "A" is immobilized, and (2) an antibody against AGP or M2BP.
- the antibody overlay lectin array method more preferably the rapid first or second rapid measurement method can be used.
- the concentration of AGP or M2BP can also be measured, and examples include antibody overlay / lectin array method using a lectin array, immunological assay, enzyme activity assay, capillary electrophoresis and the like.
- enzyme immunization is carried out using a lectin "A" that most reflects disease-specific sugar chain changes statistically selected by antibody overlay / lectin array and a monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antibody specific for AGP or M2BP.
- Measurement method 2 antibody sandwich ELISA method, gold colloid method, radioimmunoassay, enzyme-based chemiluminescence immunoassay, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, latex agglutination immunoassay, fluorescence immunoassay, western blotting, immunohistochemistry
- SPR method surface plasmon resonance method
- semi-quantification can also be performed by Western blotting using lectin "A” and an anti-novel disease state indicator sugar chain marker antibody.
- the above “when the measurement result of the subject is higher” means the case where it is qualitatively shown that there are more novel disease condition index sugar chain markers in the sample of the subject than the normal person.
- the lectin method as a direct measurement method of sugar chain not mediated by antibody is also included.
- AOL is the lectin that shows the most significant difference among the lectin group in which the reactivity to AGP sugar chains becomes high as liver fibrosis progresses
- MAL is the reactivity to AGP sugar chains as liver fibrosis progresses It is the lectin that shows the most significant difference among the lower lectin group.
- both the measured value of AGP bound to AOL and the measured value of AGP bound to MAL it is possible to more accurately determine the pathological condition of the subject's liver disease.
- Well-known statistical methods can be adopted as a method using both the measured value of AGP bound to AOL (measured value of AOL) and the measured value of AGP bound to MAL (measured value of MAL).
- the difference or ratio between the AOL measurement value and the MAL measurement value can be used.
- any one of the AOL measurement value and the MAL measurement value may be corrected using the ratio of the MAL cutoff line value and the AOL cutoff line value.
- AGP By measuring AGP contained in a sample collected from a subject using AOL and / or MAL, AGP can be used as a marker for determining fibrosis in liver, marker for detecting liver cirrhosis, or marker for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma. .
- the measured value of AGP bound to AOL or MAL is normalized using the measured value of AGP bound to a lectin whose reactivity does not substantially change regardless of the change in the sugar chain structure of AGP.
- a lectin whose reactivity does not substantially change regardless of the change in the sugar chain structure of AGP.
- DSA is preferred.
- the measured value of AGP bound to AOL or MAL may be normalized using the measured value of the core protein of AGP contained in the sample collected from the subject. Also in the method using both of the AOL measurement value and the MAL measurement value, it is preferable to use a standardized AOL measurement value and a standardized MAL measurement value.
- AGP bound to DSA is measured using the first lectin array and the second lectin array, respectively, on which DSA is further immobilized, and the measured value of AGP bound to the first lectin is bound to DSA Normalized with the measured value of AGP, measure M2BP bound to DSA, normalize the measured value of M2BP bound to the second lectin with the measured value of M2BP bound to DSA, measure the AGP and / or M2BP It can be carried out.
- lectin "A” whose reactivity changes in response to changes in the sugar chain structure of M2BP accompanying liver pathological changes, WFA, BPL, AAL, RCA 120 and selected carefully by statistical analysis after antibody overlay lectin array And / or TJA II can be mentioned.
- WFA, BPL, AAL, RCA120, and TJAII are all lectins in which the reactivity of M2BP to sugar chains increases as the disease state of liver disease progresses.
- WFA, BPL and TJA II are highly reactive with M2BP in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, especially post-operative cancer recurrence, and M2BP contained in samples collected from subjects using WFA, BPL and / or TJA II By measurement, M2BP can be used as a patient closure marker for hepatocellular carcinoma high risk group.
- M2BP may be used as a fibrosis differentiation marker, liver cirrhosis detection marker or hepatocellular carcinoma detection marker for liver by measuring M2BP contained in a sample collected from a subject using AAL and / or RCA120. it can.
- M2BP may be used as a fibrosis differentiation marker, liver cirrhosis detection marker or hepatocellular carcinoma detection marker for liver by measuring M2BP contained in a sample collected from a subject using AAL and / or RCA120. it can.
- WFA hepatocellular carcinoma detection marker
- the measured value of M2BP bound to WFA, BPL, AAL, RCA 120 or TAJII is normalized using the measured value of M2BP bound to a lectin whose reactivity does not substantially change regardless of changes in the sugar chain structure of M2BP Is preferred.
- a lectin DSA is preferred.
- the measurement value of M2BP bound to WFA, BPL, AAL, RCA 120 or TAJII may be normalized using the measurement value of M2BP core protein contained in the sample collected from the subject.
- the measurement of AGP bound to AOL, MAL or DSA, and the measurement of M2BP bound to WFA, BPL, AAL, RCA 120 or TAJII are preferably performed by antibody overlay lectin microarray method.
- the antibody overlay lectin microarray method can simultaneously measure AGP or M2BP bound to multiple lectins.
- markers such as AGP and M2BP, rapidly using lectin "A"
- a sample is mixed with biotinylated lectin “A” in which biotin is bound to lectin “A”, magnetic particles on which streptavidin is immobilized are added thereto, and magnetic particles—lectin “A” are added.
- the “-AGP complex is formed, and the complex is reacted with a labeled anti-AGP antibody to form a second complex of magnetic particle-lectin“ A ”-AGP-labeled anti-AGP antibody, and the second complex And a method of quantifying AGP in response to the above-mentioned lectin "A" by measuring the labeled amount of
- M2BP it can implement similarly to said measuring method of AGP except using labeled anti- M2BP antibody.
- the first rapid measurement method it is possible to quantify AGP and M2BP in a sample in about 60 minutes.
- biotinylated lectin "A” and streptavidin-immobilized magnetic particles improves the reactivity of lectin "A” to AGP or M2BP in the sample, and the reaction time of AGP or M2BP with lectin "A” is about 30 It can be reduced to about a minute.
- a second rapid measurement method magnetic particles on which lectin "A” is immobilized and a sample are mixed, sugar chains of AGP in the sample are captured by lectin "A", and AGP captured by magnetic particles is The labeled anti-AGP antibody is reacted to form a complex of magnetic particle-lectin "A” -AGP-labeled anti-AGP antibody, and the labeled amount of the complex is measured to measure the AGP reacting to the lectin "A".
- the method of quantifying is mentioned.
- M2BP when M2BP is measured, it can be carried out in the same manner as the above-mentioned AGP measurement method except that a labeled anti-M2BP antibody is used.
- the first and second rapid measurement methods are suitable for automation, and in particular, the second rapid measurement method can be suitably implemented by a fully automatic measurement device.
- automating the second rapid measurement method continuous measurement of multiple samples can be easily performed.
- a fluorescent substance and an enzyme can be used as a label
- Fluorescent substances include fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), green fluorescent protein (GFP), luciferin and the like.
- fluorescent substances include fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), green fluorescent protein (GFP), luciferin and the like.
- enzymes include alkaline phosphatase (ALP), peroxidase, glucose oxidase, tyrosinase, acid phosphatase and the like.
- alkaline phosphatase When alkaline phosphatase is used as the enzyme, known luminescent substrates, chromogenic substrates and the like can be used, for example, CDP-star (registered trademark) (4-chloro-3- (methoxyspiro ⁇ 1,2-dioxetane-3,2) '-(5'-chloro) tricyclo [3.3.1.13,7] decane ⁇ -4-yl) phenyl phosphate disodium), CSPD® (3- (4-methoxy spiro ⁇ 1,1 Chemiluminescent substrate such as 2-dioxetane-3,2- (5'-chloro) tricyclo [3.3.1.13,7] decane ⁇ -4-yl) phenyl phosphate (disodium phosphate), p-nitrophenyl phosphate , 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate (BCIP), 4-nitro blue tetrazolium
- an enzyme is used as a label and a luminescent substrate is used from the viewpoint of high sensitivity and speeding up of label detection. It is preferable to do.
- enzymes such as ALP have sugar chains.
- a deglycosylated enzyme As an enzyme subjected to such treatment, for example, deglycosylated ALP such as Recombinant AP, EIA Drade, CR 03535452 (manufactured by Roche Diagnostics) can be used.
- anti-AGP antibody and anti-M2BP antibody also have a sugar chain.
- a deglycosylated antibody it is preferable to use an anti-AGP antibody or an anti-M2BP antibody that has been converted to Fab 'by pepsin digestion and reduction.
- the labeled antibody reagent is prepared by mixing an anti-AGP antibody or an anti-M2BP antibody and a maleimide-labeled label using a crosslinking agent such as EMCS [N- (6-Maleimidocaproyloxy) succinimido] (Dojindo) according to a known method. Then, a labeled antibody can be prepared by reaction. For example, it is preferable from the viewpoint of nonspecific reaction prevention to use an anti-AGP antibody or an anti-M2BP antibody prepared by reacting a deglucosylated ALP with a cross-linking agent to maleimide and convert it to Fab ′. .
- Novel specific polyclonal antibody and / or monoclonal antibody using novel liver disease condition index sugar chain marker In liver cell cancer detection method using new liver disease condition index sugar chain marker, liver disease condition index sugar chain marker specific
- target polyclonal and / or monoclonal antibodies are readily available, they can be used, but if they are not readily available, they can be prepared, for example, as follows.
- novel liver disease condition index sugar chain marker of the present invention can be used for preparation of polyclonal antibody or monoclonal antibody for detecting liver disease.
- an antibody against a novel liver disease condition indicator sugar chain marker can be prepared by a known method. Freund's complete adjuvant can also be co-administered to boost antibody production.
- a peptide containing a binding position to which a sugar chain of X is bound is synthesized, and this peptide is covalently linked to commercially available keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and administered to an animal.
- KLH keyhole limpet hemocyanin
- GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
- an anti-novel liver disease condition indicator sugar chain marker monoclonal antibody can be prepared by the method of Keller and Milstein (Nature Vol. 256, pp 495-497 (1975)).
- hybridomas can be prepared by cell fusion of antibody-producing cells obtained from an animal immunized with an antigen and myeloma cells, and clones can be prepared from the resulting hybridomas to select anti-X antibody-producing clones.
- an adjuvant is added to the liver disease condition index sugar chain marker for the obtained antigen.
- the adjuvant include Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant and the like, and any of these may be mixed.
- the antigen obtained as described above is administered to mammals, for example, mammals such as mice, rats, horses, monkeys, rabbits, goats and sheep. Immunization may be performed by any existing method, and is mainly performed by intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection and the like. Also, the interval of immunization is not particularly limited, and immunization is performed at intervals of several days to several weeks, preferably at intervals of 4 to 21 days.
- Antibody-producing cells are harvested 2-3 days after the last day of immunization.
- Antibody-producing cells include spleen cells, lymph node cells and peripheral blood cells.
- myeloma (myeloma) cells to be fused with antibody-producing cells cell lines derived from various animals such as mice, rats and humans and generally available to those skilled in the art are used.
- a cell line to be used one having drug resistance, which can not survive in a selective medium (for example, HAT medium) in an unfused state, and can survive only in a fused state is used.
- a selective medium for example, HAT medium
- an 8-azaguanine resistant strain is used, and this cell line is one which lacks hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase and can not grow on hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine (HAT) medium.
- Myeloma cells can be prepared from various cell lines already known, such as P3 (P3 x 63 Ag 8.6 53) (J. Immunol. 123, 1548-1550 1979), P 3 x 63 Ag 8 U. 1 (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 81, 1-7 ( 1978)), NS-1 (Kohler, G. and Milstein, C., Eur. J. Immunol. 6, 511-519 (1976)), MPC-11 (Margulies, DH et al., Cell 8, 405-415 (1976)). ), SP 2/0 (Shulman, M. et al., Nature 276, 269-270 (1978)), FO (de St. Groth, SF et al., J.
- P3 P3 x 63 Ag 8.6 53
- P 3 x 63 Ag 8 U. 1 Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 81, 1-7 ( 1978)
- NS-1 Kerhler, G. and Milstein, C.
- fusion is carried out in an animal cell culture medium such as MEM, DMEM, RPME-1640 medium, or the like in which myeloma cells and antibody-producing cells are mixed in the presence of a fusion promoter at a mixing ratio of 1: 1 to 1:10. It is carried out by contacting at 37 ° C. for 1 to 15 minutes.
- a fusion promoter such as polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol or Sendai virus having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 6,000 or a fusion virus can be used.
- antibody-producing cells can be fused with myeloma cells using a commercially available cell fusion device utilizing electrical stimulation (eg, electroporation).
- the target hybridoma is selected from the cells after cell fusion treatment.
- a method utilizing selective growth of cells in a selective medium and the like can be mentioned. That is, after the cell suspension is diluted with an appropriate medium, it is spread on a microtiter plate, a selection medium (such as HAT medium) is added to each well, and then culture is performed by replacing the selection medium appropriately. As a result, growing cells can be obtained as hybridomas.
- a selection medium such as HAT medium
- Screening of hybridomas is performed by a limiting dilution method, a fluorescence excitation cell sorter method or the like to finally obtain a monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma.
- methods for collecting monoclonal antibodies from the obtained hybridomas include ordinary cell culture methods and ascites fluid formation methods.
- the antibodies referred to in the present invention may be monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal antibodies, and single chain Fvs (scFv), single chain antibody, Fab fragment, F (ab ') fragment, disulfide linked Fvs (SdFv) etc. are also included.
- scFv single chain Fvs
- Fab fragment single chain antibody
- F (ab ') fragment single chain fragment
- disulfide linked Fvs (SdFv) etc. are also included.
- the antibody used in the present invention not only the first or second rapid measurement method, it is preferable to use a deglycosylated antibody in order to prevent a nonspecific reaction between a sugar chain and a lectin.
- anti-AGP antibody or anti-M2BP antibody converted to Fab 'by pepsin digestion and reduction can be used.
- liver disease condition index sugar chain marker glycoprotein AGP and Mac2BP M2BP
- An example of the detection of liver disease is shown below.
- comparative analysis of the sugar chain on the marker glycoprotein derived from (viral) hepatitis patients (CH), patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and healthy persons (HV) by this method The procedure of is shown in FIG.
- Each patient's serum was diluted 10-fold with PBS buffer containing 0.2% SDS, heat-treated at 95 ° C for 10 minutes, aliquoted into 5 ⁇ L for AGP, 20 ⁇ L for Mac2BP, and 500 ng each An antibody against the antigen (biotinide) was added.
- Each reaction solution was adjusted to 45 ⁇ L with a reaction buffer (Tris-buffered saline (TBSTx) containing 1% Triton X-100), and then shake-reacted at 4 ° C. for 2 hours.
- a reaction buffer Tris-buffered saline (TBSTx) containing 1% Triton X-100
- the streptavidin-immobilized magnetic bead solution (Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin T1, manufactured by DYNAL Biotech ASA) was washed three times beforehand with the reaction buffer and adjusted in a 2-fold concentrated state (5 ⁇ L of the original bead solution) 10 ⁇ L) was added to the above reaction solution and further reacted for 1 hour.
- the glycoprotein forms a complex with magnetic beads via a biotinylated antibody.
- the solution was discarded after this complex was adsorbed to a magnetic bead recovery magnet.
- the recovered complex was washed three times with 500 ⁇ L of reaction buffer and then suspended in 10 ⁇ L of elution buffer (TBS containing 0.2% SDS).
- the suspension was heat-treated at 95 ° C. for 5 minutes to dissociate and elute the glycoprotein from the magnetic beads, and the resulting solution was used as an eluate.
- the heat-denatured biotin antibody is also mixed, add 10 ⁇ L (corresponding to 20 ⁇ l of the original bead solution) of the magnetic bead solution prepared in the 2-fold concentrated state by the above method to the eluate
- the adsorbed antibody was removed by adsorption.
- the solution thus obtained was used as the serum-derived glycoprotein solution and was used for the subsequent experiments.
- Antibody Overlay Lectin Array An appropriate amount of the glycoprotein solution obtained as described above was taken and adjusted to 60 ⁇ L with 1% Triton X-100-containing Phosphate-buffered saline (PBSTx), which is a lectin array reaction buffer. This solution was added to each reaction vessel of the lectin microarray (eight reaction vessels are formed per glass), and reacted at 20 ° C. for 10 hours or more. The preparation of a lectin microarray base consisting of these eight reaction vessels followed the method of Uchiyama et al. (Proteomics 8, 3042-3050 (2008)).
- PBSTx Triton X-100-containing Phosphate-buffered saline
- each reaction vessel was washed three times with 60 ⁇ L of PBSTx, and then PBSTx solution containing 200 ng of Cy3-labeled streptavidin was added, followed by reaction for 30 minutes at 20 ° C. After the reaction, each reaction vessel was washed 3 times with 60 ⁇ L of PBSTx, and then array scan was performed using Moritex array scanner GlycoStation.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the results of comparative sugar chain analysis of antibody overlay / lectin microarray for ⁇ 1 acidic glycoprotein (AGP), which is one of liver disease condition marker glycoproteins.
- AGP acidic glycoprotein
- the lectin arrangement on the lectin microarray is shown in the upper left figure.
- Lectins for which significant signals were obtained by this experiment are shown in bold. Signals were obtained for 15 lectins.
- Typical scan images of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, and chronic hepatitis patient serum and healthy person serum-derived AGP are shown in the upper right figure.
- FIG. 9 shows the results of comparative sugar chain analysis of antibody overlay / lectin microarray for 90K / Mac-2 Binding Protein (M2BP), which is one of liver disease condition marker glycoproteins.
- M2BP Mac-2 Binding Protein
- Typical scan images of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, and chronic hepatitis patient serum, and healthy person serum-derived M2BP are shown in the upper right figure. From the scan data, each signal is quantified using array analysis software, and a graph of 17 kinds of lectins is shown in the lower part. It can be seen that a change (increase or decrease) in signal intensity occurs depending on the severity of the pathological condition.
- Example 2 Discrimination of liver fibrosis progress by antibody overlay / lectin array analysis of liver disease condition index sugar chain marker glycoprotein AGP As in Example 1, lectin signal obtained by antibody overlay / lectin array analysis of glycoprotein From the information, it was found that the condition of each liver disease could be detected by using the optimal one by statistical analysis.
- array analysis of AGP shows that signals are obtained for 15 types of lectins, but among them, lectins showing a significant difference of 0.1% or less in risk according to Student T test are There were six species: LEL, AOL, AAL, MAL, STL, and PHAE.
- lectin DSA that could obtain the most reproducible results without signal fluctuation by this experiment, we found the effectiveness for normalization of the acquired data, and all data that was quantified after the scan were DSA signals. To standardize.
- the antibody overlay / lectin microarray was applied to 125 cases of patients suffering from hepatitis virus, pathologically diagnosed by liver biopsy and staging of fibrosis. The procedure was followed. The breakdown of liver fibrosis stages in 125 cases is 33 cases for F0 and F1, 32 cases for F2, 31 cases for F3, and 29 cases for F4. According to the above-mentioned procedure, narrowing down of lectins useful for discrimination was performed statistically. As a result, the results of the top six lectins are shown in Table 4. Since the six lectins obtained earlier were the top, among which LEL, AOL and MAL were selected as the most effective for discrimination, more detailed data analysis was performed for these three species.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the correlation between the progression of fibrosis in the liver and the change in lectin signal intensity obtained by antibody overlay / lectin array analysis of AGP. Each signal is normalized by the signal of DSA lectin, and the numerical value is expressed as relative signal intensity when the DSA signal is 100%.
- lectin array analysis is performed for 125 cases in which staging of fibrosis (F) is performed by pathological analysis after liver biopsy, and the distribution of lectin signals at each stage is shown by box and whisker plot. ing. The upper and lower ends of the box indicate 75% and 25% points, respectively, and the upper and lower ends of the whiskers indicate 95% and 5% points, respectively.
- the horizontal lines in the box indicate the median, and x indicates the mean.
- Student-T test was performed to test the significant difference between cirrhosis (F4) and each stage group of chronic hepatitis (F0, 1, 2 and 3), and those with a risk of P ⁇ 0.0001 were added with *.
- the distribution of the value of platelets, which is used as an index of liver fibrosis in a general biochemical test, is also described as a control.
- the signal of AOL increased with the progress of fibrosis, and it was possible to sufficiently distinguish chronic hepatitis (F0-3) and cirrhosis (F4) by the difference in strength.
- MAL and LEL signals were found to decrease in intensity with the progress of fibrosis.
- the results of measurement of signal fluctuation of AOL, MAL and LEL over time in the same patient are shown in the lower part B of FIG.
- antibody overlay / lectin microarray analysis is performed on AGP in serial specimens (serums different in collection time) of one case each of a patient with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and after normalization by DSA signal
- the relative signal values of AOL, MAL and LEL are plotted.
- the time axis is 0 on the day of definitive diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- AOL signal increases with time and MAL signal decreases, which reflects the progress of hepatic fibrosis.
- platelet counts used as LEL signals and simplified fibrosis markers show rapid fluctuations at certain times, and did not clearly express the progress of fibrosis.
- liver fibrosis can be determined by combining signal fluctuations of AOL and MAL alone or in combination.
- Example 3 Detection of liver cirrhosis by antibody overlay / lectin array analysis of liver disease condition index sugar chain marker glycoprotein AGP From the result of Example 2, cut-off of each lectin signal alone or in combination based on the progress of liver fibrosis By setting the value, it was considered that liver cirrhosis could be detected, and the experiment was carried out according to the following procedure.
- Example 4 Determining the therapeutic effect of interferon using a marker capable of monitoring the progress of fibrosis in the liver According to the results of Example 2, it is possible to monitor the progress of fibrosis by observing the signal fluctuation of AOL and MAL. I understood. Therefore, we attempted to determine whether the therapeutic effect of the antiviral agent, interferon, could be determined using AOL / DSA or MAL / DSA as a fibrosis progression parameter. The following experiment was conducted for the group of patients with persistent virus negative (SVR) cases in which the therapeutic effect of interferon was observed in hepatitis C patients and in the group of virological refractory (NVR) cases in which no therapeutic effect was observed.
- SVR persistent virus negative
- NVR virological refractory
- R1 reagent 1 was prepared by adding 5 ⁇ g / mL of biotinylated DSA (manufactured by J-Oil Mills) in buffer A (PBS-1% Triton X, pH 7.4).
- R1 reagent 2 was prepared by adding 5 ⁇ g / mL of biotinylated MAL (manufactured by Vector) in buffer A.
- R1 reagent 3 was prepared by adding 2.5 ⁇ g / mL of biotinylated AOL in buffer A.
- biotinated AOL used what biotinated AOL (made by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) using the biotin label kit (made by DOJIDO).
- R2 reagent was prepared by adding 0.5 w / v% of magnetic particles (number average particle diameter 2 ⁇ m) in which streptavidin was immobilized in buffer solution A.
- R3 reagent 0.025 U / mL ALP-labeled mouse anti-AGP monoclonal antibody, 0.1 M MES (2- (N-Morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid, pH 6.5), 0.15 M sodium chloride, 1 mM chloride A solution containing magnesium, 0.1 mM zinc chloride, 0.1 w / v% NaN 3 and 0.5 w / v% casein Na was prepared as R3 reagent 1.
- R3 reagent 2 was prepared in the same manner as R3 reagent 1 except that 0.5 U / mL of ALP-labeled mouse anti-AGP monoclonal antibody was used instead of 0.025 U / mL of ALP-labeled mouse anti-AGP monoclonal antibody.
- R4 reagent A solution containing 0.1 M of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP, pH 9.6), 1 mM of magnesium chloride and 0.1 w / v% of NaN 3 is prepared and R4 reagent is prepared.
- R5 reagent CDP-Star with Sapphurine-II (luminescence substrate for ALP, manufactured by Applied Biosystems) was used as R5 reagent.
- washing reagent a solution containing 20 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 0.1 w / v% Tween 20, 0.1 w / v% NaN 3 and 0.8 w / v% sodium chloride is prepared and a washing reagent And
- R1 reagent 1 For 30 ⁇ L of each diluted sample, 110 ⁇ L of R1 reagent 1 was added and reacted at room temperature for 2 minutes, and then 30 ⁇ L of R2 reagent was added and allowed to react for 30 minutes at room temperature. After magnetic particles carrying a complex of DSA and AGP were collected for B / F separation, the separated magnetic particles were washed with a washing reagent and the solution was discarded four times. 100 ⁇ L of R3 reagent 1 was added to the washed magnetic particles, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 20 minutes to react AGP in the complex supported on the magnetic particles with the ALP-labeled mouse anti-AGP monoclonal antibody.
- R1 reagent 1 For 30 ⁇ L of each measurement sample, 110 ⁇ L of R1 reagent 1 was added and reacted at room temperature for 2 minutes, then 30 ⁇ L of R2 reagent was added and allowed to react for 30 minutes at room temperature. After magnetic particles carrying a complex of DSA and AGP were collected for B / F separation, the separated magnetic particles were washed with a washing reagent and the solution was discarded four times. 100 ⁇ L of R3 reagent 1 was added to the washed magnetic particles, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 20 minutes to react AGP in the complex supported on the magnetic particles with the ALP-labeled mouse anti-AGP monoclonal antibody.
- chemiluminescence in the MAL measurement system is measured in the same manner except using R1 reagent 2 instead of R1 reagent 1 and using R3 reagent 3 instead of R3 reagent 1 and show the results It is shown in Table 5.
- chemiluminescence in the AOL measurement system was measured in the same manner except that R1 reagent 1 was replaced with R1 reagent 3, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- values obtained by normalizing the measurement results by MAL and AOL with the measurement results by DSA are shown in Table 5 and also shown in FIGS. 16 and 17.
- the measurement result by the first measurement method of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 16 shows a good correlation with the measurement result by the lectin array method shown in FIG. .
- the measurement result by the 1st rapid measurement method shown in FIG. 17 shows the same pattern as the measurement result by the lectin array method shown in FIG. 19, and a good correlation is shown It turned out to show.
- Second rapid measurement method (automatic measurement method) 2-1. Preparation of reagents Preparation of R1 reagent: Buffer A (PBS-1% Triton X, pH 7.4) was used as R1 reagent.
- R2 reagent Preparation of R2 reagent: Add 0.5 w / v% of magnetic particles (number average particle diameter 2 ⁇ m) in which streptavidin is immobilized in buffer A, and further add 2.5 ⁇ g / mL of biotinylated DSA ( J-Oil Mills Co., Ltd. was added and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. After stirring, the magnetic particles were collected by collecting magnetic particles to discard the solution components. Buffer A was added to this, and after stirring, an operation of collecting magnetic particles to precipitate magnetic particles and discarding solution components was repeated three times. Buffer solution A was added thereto so that the magnetic particle concentration was 0.5 w / v%, to obtain R2 reagent 1 containing magnetic particles carrying DSA.
- biotinylated DSA J-Oil Mills Co., Ltd.
- R2 reagent 2 containing was prepared.
- biotinated AOL used what biotinated AOL (made by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) using the biotin label kit (made by DOJIDO).
- R3 reagent 0.1 U / mL ALP (Recombinant AP, EIA Drade, CR 03535452) labeled mouse anti-AGP monoclonal antibody-Fab ', 0.1 M MES (2- (N-Morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid, pH6. 5)
- MES MES (2- (N-Morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid, pH6. 5
- R3 reagent 2 was prepared in the same manner as R3 reagent 1 except that 0.1 w / v% BSA was used in place of 0.25 w / v% casein Na.
- R4 reagent A solution containing 0.1 M of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP, pH 9.6), 1 mM of magnesium chloride and 0.1 w / v% of NaN 3 is prepared and R4 reagent is prepared.
- R5 reagent CDP-Star with Sapphurine-II (luminescence substrate for ALP, manufactured by Applied Biosystems) was used as R5 reagent.
- washing reagent a solution containing 20 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 0.1 w / v% Tween 20, 0.1 w / v% NaN 3 and 0.8 w / v% sodium chloride is prepared and a washing reagent And
- the operation setting of the fully automatic immunoassay apparatus HISCL2000i (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation) was changed to the following conditions, and chemiluminescence (photo count value) was measured for each diluted sample.
- the measurement results by the second rapid measurement method shown in FIG. 23 show a good correlation with the measurement results by the lectin array method shown in FIG. 18 I understood it.
- the measurement result by the 2nd rapid measurement method shown in FIG. 24 is the same pattern as the measurement result by the lectin array method shown in FIG. It showed that it showed a good correlation.
- Example 6 Validation of second rapid measurement method Analysis using 125 HCV infected patients
- Example 5 shows that the second rapid measurement method shows the same pattern as the lectin array.
- a second rapid measurement of 125 patients used in Example 2 who were infected with hepatitis virus and pathologically diagnosed by liver biopsy and staged for fibrosis. The procedure was carried out according to the procedure of 2-6 of Example 5.
- the breakdown of liver fibrosis stages in 125 cases is 33 cases for F0 and F1, 32 cases for F2, 31 cases for F3, and 29 cases for F4.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing the correlation between the progression of fibrosis in the liver and the change in lectin signal intensity obtained by the second rapid measurement method of AGP. Each signal is normalized by the signal of DSA lectin, and the numerical value is expressed as relative signal intensity when the DSA signal is 100%.
- a second rapid measurement method is performed for 125 cases in which staging of fibrosis (F) is performed by pathological analysis after liver biopsy, and the distribution of lectin signals at each stage is shown by box and whisker plot. ing.
- the MAL / DSA value is obtained from the 3 types of lectin values obtained by the second rapid measurement method, the upper left is the one made into a box and whiskers, the AOL / DSA value is obtained, and the one made from the box and whiskers is the lower left. is there.
- the upper and lower ends of the box indicate 75% and 25% points, respectively, and the upper and lower ends of the whiskers indicate 95% and 5% points, respectively.
- the horizontal lines in the box indicate the median, and x indicates the mean.
- the results are all very similar to the results of the lectin array, and the signal of AOL increases in strength with the progress of fibrosis, and it is necessary to sufficiently distinguish chronic hepatitis (F0-3) and cirrhosis (F4) by the difference in strength.
- Cirrhosis was attempted to be detected by the second rapid measurement method in the same procedure as detection of cirrhosis with the lectin array shown in Example 3.
- Let the point on the curve at the closest distance from the 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity point, in other words, the line parallel to the Y X straight line, and the ROC curve be the “optimum specificity and sensitivity”, A cutoff value was set around it.
- the combination formula (AOL / DSA ⁇ 1.8-MAL / DSA) that is most suitable for detecting cirrhosis is determined from the cut-off values for the individual lectins obtained, whereby hepatitis and cirrhosis are confirmed by pathological diagnosis or imaging / clinical diagnosis. A blind test was conducted on 45 patients and 45 patients.
- Example 7 Discrimination of liver fibrosis progress by antibody overlay / lectin array analysis of liver disease condition index sugar chain marker candidate glycoprotein M2BP As in Example 2, M2BP was also obtained by antibody overlay / lectin array analysis From the lectin signal information, it was found that each liver disease could be detected. Therefore, experiments were conducted to investigate the correlation with liver fibrosis.
- the antibody overlay / lectin microarray was performed according to the procedure of Example 2 for 125 cases of patients suffering from the hepatitis virus used in the AGP experiment, pathologically diagnosed by liver biopsy, and staging of fibrosis.
- a graph showing correlation with the progress of fibrosis was created for six lectins in which a signal change accompanied with the progress of fibrosis was recognized by a significant difference test. It is shown in FIG.
- the distribution of lectin signals at each stage was shown by box and whisker plots.
- the upper and lower ends of the box indicate 75% and 25% points, respectively, and the upper and lower ends of the whiskers indicate 95% and 5% points, respectively.
- the horizontal lines in the box indicate the median, and x indicates the mean.
- the vertical axis of each graph is a relative value when the signal of DSA is 100%.
- RCA120, AAL, TJAII, WFA and BPL increased with the progress of fibrosis, while the signals of LEL decreased with the progress of fibrosis.
- RCA120 and AAL are considered to be suitable in terms of monitoring the progress of fibrosis.
- TJAII, WFA, and BPL this is the type in which a signal is produced for the first time when liver cirrhosis (F4) occurs.
- F4 liver cirrhosis
- Example 8 Enclosure of liver cancer carcinogenic high risk group by detection of sugar chain change of M2BP Enclosure 1. Selection of Lectin Suitable for Hepatocarcinogen Carcinogenesis High Risk Group Enclosure In Example 7, a lectin group whose signal intensity increased with liver fibrosis was found. In order to select among those lectin groups that could enclose the high-risk group for carcinogenesis, we conducted antibody overlay / lectin microarray analysis of M2BP targeting seven cases of serum before and after surgery for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The experimental procedure followed Example 1.
- the hepatocellular carcinoma marker AFP blood amount and the benign disease / hepatocellular carcinoma differential marker AFP which are known are fully known by a fully automatic fluorescence immunoassay device ( ⁇ TAS Wako i30; manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and a dedicated reagent. Measurement of L3% was also performed. A partial lectin signal pattern of the results is shown in FIG. All parameters, including AFP-L 3%, did not necessarily show postoperative signal reduction in all 7 cases. This means that none of them is a cancer detection marker. The purpose of this experiment is to select high-risk group closure marker candidates for hepatocellular carcinoma carcinogenesis. In that respect, it is desirable that the pattern be similar to AFP-L 3%. As expected in Example 7, WFA, BPL lectin was similar to the pattern of AFP-L 3%. And since WFA was stronger and stable in signal intensity than BPL, WFA was selected as a potent lectin.
- the WFA-binding M2BP is used as a liver cancer carcinogenic high risk group closure marker, and as a best mode for detecting the biomarker, the biomarker contained in serum can be applied clinically with clinically acceptable performance and clinically applicable
- a method of detecting and discriminating by simple means is conceivable. The following shows, as an example, the results of sandwich detection analysis using an anti-M2BP antibody overlay-WFA well plate (see FIG. 33). In the present method, serum can be added directly to the WFA well plate.
- M2BP glycoprotein contained in serum that can bind to WFA
- M2BP is one of the molecules with the highest blood concentration.
- a detection agent (goat anti-M2BP polyclonal antibody solution; manufactured by R & D Systems) prepared in advance with a washing solution to 1.0 ⁇ g / mL was added thereto in an amount of 50 ⁇ l per well, and an antigen-antibody reaction was performed at room temperature for 2 hours.
- the vertical axis represents normal subject serum as a negative control (N), and is represented by the S / N ratio.
- N negative control
- WFA binding M2BP is useful as a liver cancer carcinogenic high risk group enclosure marker, and it was able to develop an anti-M2BP antibody overlay-WFA well plate as a simple measurement system which detects it.
- Example 9 Verification of influence of sample heat treatment on detection of WFA-bound M2BP by ELISA method In WFA-bound M2BP detection by ELISA method, the influence of the presence or absence of sample heat treatment on detection sensitivity was confirmed.
- a human hepatoma-derived cell line (HepG2 culture supernatant) was diluted 10-fold with 0.2% SDS-containing PBS buffer and heat-treated at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- Example 10 Measurement of M2BP by Second Rapid Measurement Method Preparation of reagent Preparation of R1 reagent: solution containing 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 0.01 mM MnCl 2 , 0.1 mM CaCl 2 , 0.08 w / v% NaN 3 (buffer C) was prepared and used as R1 reagent.
- R2 reagent Magnetic particles (number-average particle diameter 2 ⁇ m) (hereinafter referred to as streptavidin-sensitized magnetic particles) having commercially available streptavidin fixed to buffer C have a concentration of 0.5 w / v% To which was added biotinylated lectin solution (WFA). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. After stirring, the magnetic particles were collected by collecting the magnet with a magnet, and the solution component was discarded.
- WFA biotinylated lectin solution
- buffer D (10 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 0.01 mM MnCl 2 , 0.1 mM CaCl 2 , 0.1% W / V BSA, A solution containing 0.08 w / v% of NaN 3 ) was added so that the concentration of magnetic particles was 0.5 w / v%.
- R3 reagent 0.1 U / mL of Recombinant ALP-labeled mouse anti-M2BP monoclonal antibody, 0.1 M MES (2- (N-Morpholino) ethanolic acid, pH 6.5), 0.15 M NaCl, 1 mM MgCl 2.
- the operation setting of the fully automatic immunoassay apparatus HISCL2000i (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation) was changed to the following conditions, and the chemiluminescence intensity (photo count value) was measured for each diluted sample.
- the magnetic particles were collected by magnetic separation, and the solution was sucked and discarded.
- the washing reagent was dispensed, the magnetic particles were dispersed and washed in the washing reagent, the magnetic particles were magnetically separated by magnetic separation, and the process of sucking and discarding the solution was repeated three times.
- 50 ⁇ L of R4 reagent was aliquoted, and then 100 ⁇ L of R5 reagent was aliquoted to measure the chemiluminescence intensity.
- the measurement results of the supernatant of HepG2 cultured cells are shown in Table 11 and FIG. 36, and the measurement results of Recombinant Human Galectin-3BP / MAC-2BP are shown in Table 12 and FIG. As shown in these measurement results, the WFA measurement system showed good dilution linearity.
- the present invention can be used for manufacturing a device, apparatus or kit for determination of liver disease or liver disease condition, discrimination of liver disease condition, detection of liver cirrhosis and the like.
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Abstract
Description
1-1.肝疾患の病態
B型肝炎ウイルス又はC型肝炎ウイルスに感染すると、急性期炎症から5-15年をかけて慢性期炎症へと進行する。特に慢性期に移行したC型肝炎が自然に治癒する事は稀で、肝機能の低下が進行し肝硬変に至る。C型肝炎感染から肝細胞がんへと至るまでの時間経過と肝の状態の変化を図1に示す。慢性肝炎から肝硬変に至る病態を定義するため、肝臓のグリソン領域及び肝小葉に出現する線維性変化を病理形態学的に捉えて、軽度(F1)、中度(F2)、重度(F3)、肝硬変期(F4)に分類する。線維化の進展は肝細胞がん発がんのリスク上昇と相関しており、図2に示されるようにF1もしくは2である場合年率1%以下であるのに対し、F3である場合には年3-4%に上昇する。線維化の程度がより進展した組織像を確認して診断される肝硬変(F4)では、図3に示されるように年率7%程度の確率で肝細胞がんが出現する。従って肝細胞がんを効率良く発見して治療するためには、特にF3およびF4の状態にある患者を簡便に選別して、精密検査対象者としてフォローすることが重要である。
C型慢性肝炎に対しては、PEG-IFN+RBV療法、C型肝硬変代償期に対してインターフェロン単独投与が適応されている。一方、B型肝炎(慢性肝炎、肝硬変)に対する治療としては核酸アナログが主体であり、炎症や線維化評価マーカーは必須と思われる。特に、血清バイオマーカーは診断・評価目的に幅広く臨床応用されることが期待される。
肝細胞発がんには、 B型肝炎ウイルスもしくはC型肝炎ウイルス感染による微生物学的因子と、環境因子が大きく交互に作用すると考えられている。わが国において、肝細胞がん患者の約9割は、B型あるいはC型肝炎ウイルスの感染既往があり、慢性肝炎・肝硬変患者に発生している事が知られている。肝細胞がんの発がん危険因子には、ウイルス以外にも、男性、高齢、アルコール多飲、タバコ、カビ毒の一つであるアフラトキシンなどが指摘されている。(肝がん診療ガイドライン、財)国際医学情報センター)
1-4.肝細胞がんの早期診断
肝細胞がんの発見は、現在のところ、被験者からの血清サンプル中のAFPやPIVKA-IIなどの肝臓がんマーカーの測定、及び超音波検査(エコー検査)を中心とした画像診断が主として用いられている。画像診断としては、最初の検査として、超音波検査又はCTを用い、これらで何らかの異常が見いだされときには、更にMRIや血管造影をするのが通常である。
肝細胞がん患者の約9割が、B型肝炎ウイルスもしくはC型肝炎ウイルス感染による肝炎患者から発生する我が国においては、ウイルス感染と肝機能低下を指標として、精密検査の対象となる患者を囲い込む事は可能である。
本願発明の新規肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカー糖タンパク質であるAGPおよびM2BPは、ウイルス感染による疾患の発症と進展において生じる慢性肝炎、肝硬変、肝細胞がんを特徴づける糖鎖変化を生じることが見出された。このような、ウイルス性肝疾患の病態進行に伴う糖鎖変化を指標として、肝疾患病態を特定できるマーカー糖タンパク質を肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーと呼ぶ。
AGPおよびM2BP上に存在する糖鎖の疾患特異的な変化は後述するレクチンアレイにより検証する。より好ましくは抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンアレイ法を用いる。上記マーカー糖タンパク質をレクチンアレイを用いて測定した結果をもとに、1)病気の進み具合に応じてどのレクチンシグナルにどの程度の測定値変化が見られるのか、2)測定値の変化は、どの病期(初期か晩期か)にもっとも顕著となるのか、3)測定値変化の情報は、疾病のコントロールに資するかどうかを検討し、有用性を評価し、どの肝疾患病態に適したマーカーであるかを検証する。
レクチンアレイは、複数種の特異性の異なる判別子(プローブ)レクチンを1つの基板上に並列に固定(アレイ化)したもので、分析対象となる複合糖質にどのレクチンがどれだけ相互作用したかを一斉に解析できるものである。レクチンアレイを用いることで、糖鎖構造推定に必要な情報が一度の分析で取得でき、かつ、サンプル調製からスキャンまでの操作工程は迅速かつ簡便にできる。質量分析などの糖鎖プロファイリングシステムでは、糖タンパク質をそのまま分析することはできず、あらかじめ糖ペプチドや遊離糖鎖の状態にまで処理をしなければならない。一方、レクチンマイクロアレイでは、例えば、コアタンパク質部分へ直接蛍光体を導入するだけで、そのまま分析できるという利点がある。レクチンマイクロアレイ技術は、本発明者等が開発したもので、その原理・基礎は、例えば、Kuno A., et al. Nat. Methods 2,851-856(2005).に記載されている。
レクチンアレイは、現在では、精製標品だけでなく、血清や細胞ライセートなどの混合試料の定量比較糖鎖プロファイリングができる実用化技術にまで発展してきている。特に細胞表層糖鎖の比較糖鎖プロファイリングはその発展がめざましい(Ebe, Y. et al. J. Biochem. 139, 323-327(2006)、Pilobello, K.T. et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.104,11534-11539(2007)、Tateno, H. et al. Glycobiology 17, 1138-1146(2007))。
レクチンマイクロアレイのプラットフォームは基本的に上記の通りとし、検出に際しては上記被検体を直接蛍光などで標識するのではなく、抗体を介して間接的に蛍光基などを被検体に導入することで、一斉に多検体に対する分析を簡便、高速化することができる応用法である(「Kuno A, Kato Y, Matsuda A, Kaneko MK, Ito H, Amano K, Chiba Y, Narimatsu H, Hirabayashi J. Mol Cell Proteomics. 8, 99-108(2009)」、「平林淳、久野敦、内山昇「レクチンマイクロアレイを用いた糖鎖プロファイリング応用技術の開発」、実験医学増刊「分子レベルから迫る癌診断研究~臨床応用への挑戦~」、羊土社、Vol25(17)164-171(2007)」、久野敦、平林淳「レクチンマイクロアレイによる糖鎖プロファイリングシステムの糖鎖バイオマーカー探索への活用」、遺伝子医学MOOK11号「臨床糖鎖バイオマーカーの開発と糖鎖機能の解明」、pp.34-39、メディカルドゥ(2008)参照)。
レクチンマイクロアレイの代わりにコアタンパク質に対する抗体をガラス基板などの基板上に並列に固定(アレイ化)した抗体マイクロアレイを用いる方法である。調べるマーカーに対するだけの数の抗体が必要である。糖鎖変化を検出するレクチンをあらかじめ確定することが必要である。
AGPおよびM2BPは、線維化の進展などの肝疾患の病態変化に伴い糖鎖構造が変化する新規肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーである。このためAGPおよびM2BP糖鎖構造の変化に対応して反応性が変化するレクチン(以下、レクチン“A”と略す)と、被験者から採取した試料に含まれるマーカーとを反応させ、レクチンに反応したマーカーを測定することにより、肝疾患の病態を判別したり、肝の線維化の度合いを判定したりすることができる。
(1)(イ)上記レクチン“A”及び(ロ)上記マーカーの糖鎖以外の部分(コアタンパク質)を検出する抗体を用いて実施することができる。また(2)肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーに対する特異的な抗体であって、糖鎖結合部分を含む個所ををエピトープとする抗体を用いて肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーを検出することができる。
1)被験者から採取された試料中のレクチン“A”と特異的に反応する糖鎖を有する肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーを測定する工程、
2)健常者から採取された試料中のレクチン“A”と特異的に反応する糖鎖を有する肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーを測定する工程、
3)肝疾患患者から採取された試料中のレクチン“A”と特異的に反応する糖鎖を有する肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーを測定する工程、
及び
4)被験者から得られた肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーの測定結果と健常者又は肝疾患患者から得られた肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーの測定結果を比較し、被験者の測定結果がより肝疾患患者の測定値に近い場合に肝疾患であると判別する工程を含む肝疾患の検出方法が挙げられる。
肝炎ウイルス感染による肝炎の進展に於いて、線維化の程度は、肝機能低下及び肝細胞発がんのリスクと相関する事が知られている。したがって線維化の測定は、肝機能低下および発がんリスクを評価することを意味する。また肝炎患者の全体の4割程度は、インターフェロン治療に反応せずウイルス感染が持続する。これらの病態が活動性に進行するか否かは、線維化の進展で判断されるべきであると考えられている。これらの観点から、線維化の進展を測定する事は、肝炎の診断治療に於いて重要な意味を持つ。
例えば、少なくとも第1レクチンが固定された第1レクチンアレイと、抗AGP抗体とを用いて、第1レクチンに結合するAGPを測定することができ、少なくとも第2レクチンが固定された第2レクチンアレイと、抗M2BP抗体とを用いて、第2レクチンに結合するM2BPを測定することができる。
肝硬変は、肝小葉構造の消失した再生結節とこれを取り囲む緻密な線維性結合組織が肝全体に瀰漫性に出現する病態と定義される。これは、肝細胞障害と線維化が持続する進行性慢性肝疾患の終末状態でもある。肝硬変における肝生検は成因診断を探るために行なわれるもので、早期の肝硬変や大結節型の肝硬変では診断困難な症例が多い(外科病理学第4版、文光堂より)。したがって、肝硬変を定性的、定量的に診断できる検査技術が必要とされている。この目的に対し、1)の線維化の進展測定方法、の項で見出された線維化の進展をモニタリングできる候補分子抗体およびレクチンセットのうち、線維化ステージF3とF4を見分けることができる場合、肝硬変検出に使用できる。
4-3.試料中の新規肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカー上の疾患特異的糖鎖変化の検出
試料としては、生検試料、体液試料、好適には、血液(血清、血漿等)が挙げられる。
新規肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーを利用する肝細胞がんの検出方法において、肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカー特異的ポリクローナル抗体及び/又はモノクローナル抗体が容易に入手できる場合は、それらを用いることができるが、容易に入手できない場合は、例えば、以下のように調製できる。
本願発明の新規肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカーは、肝疾患検出用のポリクローナル抗体又はモノクローナル抗体の調製に用いることができる。
肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカー糖タンパク質であるAGP、およびMac2BP(M2BP)について、抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンアレイを活用して肝疾患の検出を実施した例を以下に示す。なお、本手法による(ウイルス性)肝炎患者(CH)、肝硬変患者(LC)、肝細胞がん患者(HCC)、および健常者(HV)血清に由来する該マーカー糖タンパク質上糖鎖の比較解析の手順を図7に示す。
(ウイルス性)肝炎患者(CH)、肝硬変患者(LC)、肝細胞がん患者(HCC)、および健常者(HV)血清に由来する該マーカー糖タンパク質のエンリッチは、「Kuno A, Kato Y, Matsuda A, Kaneko MK, Ito H, Amano K, Chiba Y, Narimatsu H, Hirabayashi J.Mol Cell Proteomics. 8, 99-108 (2009) 」に従って行われた。なお、得られる結果が病態に依存していることを明らかにするため、各病態につき5例ずつを分析に用いることにした。各患者血清を0.2%SDS含有PBS緩衝液で10倍希釈し、10分間95℃で加熱処理したものを、AGPにおいては5μL、Mac2BPにおいては20μL反応チューブに分注し、そこへ500 ngの各抗原に対する抗体(ビオチン化物)を添加した。各反応溶液は反応バッファー(1%Triton X-100入りTris-buffered saline (TBSTx))により、45μLに調整された後、4℃で2時間振盪反応された。抗原抗体反応後、速やかにストレプトアビジン固定化磁気ビーズ溶液(Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin T1, DYNAL Biotech ASA製)をあらかじめ反応バッファーで3回洗浄し、かつ2倍濃縮状態で調整したもの5μL(元のビーズ溶液10μL分に相当)を上記反応溶液へ加え、1時間さらに反応した。この反応により、ビオチン化抗体を介して、該糖タンパク質は磁気ビーズと複合体を形成する。この複合体を磁気ビーズ回収用マグネットに吸着させた後に溶液を廃棄した。回収された複合体は500μLの反応バッファーにより3回洗浄された後に、10μLの溶出バッファー(0.2%SDS含有TBS)に懸濁された。この懸濁溶液を95℃で5分間熱処理することで、該糖タンパク質を磁気ビーズから解離溶出し、得られた溶液を溶出液とした。その際、熱変性されたビオチン抗体も混入するため、溶出液に上述の手法で2倍濃縮状態で調整された磁気ビーズ溶液を10μL(元のビーズ溶液20μl分に相当)加え、1時間反応することで、ビオチン化抗体を吸着除去した。これにより得られた溶液を血清由来該糖タンパク質溶液とし、以降の実験に用いた。
上述により得られた該糖タンパク質溶液適当量とり、レクチンアレイ反応バッファーである1%Triton X-100含有Phosphate-buffered saline (PBSTx)により、60μLに調整した。この溶液をレクチンマイクロアレイの各反応槽(ガラス1枚当たり8つの反応槽が形成されている)へ添加し、20℃で10時間以上反応した。この8つの反応槽からなるレクチンマイクロアレイ基盤の作製は内山ら(Proteomics 8, 3042-3050 (2008))の手法に従った。これにより該糖タンパク質上の糖鎖とアレイ基板上に固定されている43種のレクチンとの結合反応が平衡状態に達する。その後、未反応の基盤上レクチンへ検出用抗体上の糖鎖が結合し、ノイズとして生じてしまうことを避けるため、ヒト血清由来IgG溶液(シグマ社製)を2μL加え、30分反応させた。60μLのPBSTxで各反応槽を3回洗浄した後、再度ヒト血清由来IgG溶液を2μL加え、若干攪拌した後に、検出用の該糖タンパク質に対する抗体(ビオチン化物)を100 ng相当加え、20℃で1時間反応させた。抗原抗体反応後、60μLのPBSTxで各反応槽を3回洗浄し、次いでCy3標識ストレプトアビジン200 ng相当が含有しているPBSTx溶液を加え、さらに30分、20℃で反応した。反応後、60μLのPBSTxで各反応槽を3回洗浄した後、モリテックス社製アレイスキャナーGlycoStationによりアレイスキャンを行った。
実施例1の通り、糖タンパク質の抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンアレイ解析により得られたレクチンシグナル情報から、統計解析により取捨選択し最適なものを用いることで、各肝疾患病態を検出できる可能性が見出された。
線維化進展に伴いシグナル変動を示すレクチン群を絞り込むため、まず臨床診断済み患者HCC, LC, CH各10症例の血清を用い、AGPの抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンアレイ解析を実施した。より客観的な絞り込みを行うため、HCC-LCおよびLC-CH間でStudent T検定を行い、危険度が0.1%以下の値を示すレクチンを有用レクチンとした。その結果を表3に示す。先の実験結果(図8)からわかるように、AGPのアレイ解析により、15種のレクチンにおいてシグナルが得られているが、そのうちStudent T検定により危険度が0.1%以下の有意差を示すレクチンはLEL, AOL, AAL, MAL, STL,およびPHAEの6種であった。また、本実験により、最もシグナル変動せず再現性高い結果を取得できたレクチンDSAについては、取得されたデータの規格化に有効性を見出し、以降スキャン後、数値化されたデータはすべてDSAシグナルにより規格化することとした。
つぎに、肝炎ウイルスに罹患し、肝生検により病理診断され線維化のステージングがなされている患者群125症例を対象に、抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンマイクロアレイを実施例1の手順に従い行った。なお、125症例の肝臓線維化ステージの内訳は、F0およびF1が33症例、F2が32症例、F3が31症例、F4が29症例である。上述の手順に従い、統計学的に判別に有用なレクチンの絞り込みを行った。その結果、上位6種レクチンの結果を表4に示す。先に得られた6つレクチンが上位を占め、その中でもLEL, AOL, MALが最も判別に有効なものとして選抜されたため、この3種についてより詳細なデータ解析を行った。
実施例2の結果から、肝線維化の進展を基準として各レクチンシグナル単独もしくは組み合わせのカットオフ値を設定することで、肝硬変の検出が可能となると考え、以下の手順で実験を実施した。
まず、肝炎ウイルス罹患者の中から肝硬変発症患者を検出するための、各レクチンのカットオフ値を設定することにした。このために病理診断済み患者80症例分(F1, F2, F3, F4各20症例)を対象に、実施例2で絞り込まれた2種レクチンのシグナルをDSAレクチンシグナルで規格化したデータを用い、他(F1-F3)からF4(肝硬変)を区別するReceiver operating characteristic curve (ROC曲線)を作成した。その結果を図11左に示す。図11には、AOL, MALシグナルを単独に用いた場合の曲線のほかに、2つのシグナルを用いた数式(AOLの相対シグナル強度)X 1.5 -(MALの相対シグナル強度)から得られる数値による曲線も示す。曲線の下部領域の面積を示すAUC(area under curve)値を求め、各手法の診断力を査定する。また感度100%、特異度100%点から最も近い距離にある曲線上の点、言い換えるとY=Xの直線に平行な線と、ROC曲線との接点を、「最適な特異度および感度」とし、その周辺にカットオフ値を設定した。それらの数値を図11の右表に記す。得られたカットオフ値を用い、病理学的診断又は画像・臨床診断 により肝炎および肝硬変と確定された患者、45症例および43症例を対象にブラインドテストを実施した。その結果を図11の右表のValidation setの項に記す。肝硬変を陽性、肝炎を陰性とし、それぞれの検出数を列挙した。ROC曲線より、最良の感度(Sensitivity)および特異度(Specificity)を示す点におけるカットオフ値を決定したところ、AOLは8%、MALは11.8%であった。また、コンビネーションの系が最も偽陰性、偽陽性患者数が少なく、正診率(%)((総患者数―偽陽性、偽陰性患者数)/(総患者数)X100)が高くなった。
臨床診断済み慢性肝炎患者45症例および肝硬変患者43症例について、実施例2の手順に従い、AGPを標的分子とした抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンアレイを実施した。シグナルはすべてDSAレクチンのシグナルを100%とし、規格化した。その数値を上述したカットオフ値を利用し、陽性、陰性の判別をすることにより、肝硬変検出検定を試みた。その結果、AOLシグナルを用いた場合、検出力として感度86.1%、特異度91.1%、正診率88.6%となり、MALシグナルを用いた場合、検出力として感度90.7%、特異度88.9%、正診率89.8%となった。いずれもかなり高度な検出が可能でり、正診率が85%を超えていた。さらに、2つのシグナルをコンビネーションした式((AOLの相対シグナル強度)X 1.5 -(MALの相対シグナル強度))を用いて検出力を調べてみたところ、感度95.4%、特異度91.1%、正診率は93.2%という最も確度の高い肝硬変検出結果が得られた。特筆すべきことは、これまで公知となっているAALレクチンやRCAレクチンを用いたAGPの疾患特異的糖鎖変化を検出する手法と比較して圧倒的に検出力が高い点である。このような結果は、今回の抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンアレイによる絞り込みの工程で、AALやRCA120がAOL, MALに比べ劣っていたことと一致する(表3,4を参照)。
実施例2の結果により、AOLおよびMALのシグナル変動の観察により、線維化の進展をモニタリングすることができることが分かった。そこで、AOL/DSAやMAL/DSAを線維化進展パラメーターとして用い、抗ウイルス剤であるインターフェロンの治療効果を判定できるかを試みた。C型肝炎患者でインターフェロンの治療効果が認められた持続性ウイルス陰性化(SVR)例群と、治療効果が認められなかったウイルス学的不応(NVR)例群について以下の実験を行った。インターフェロン治療後、経時的に血液採取された患者の血清を対象に実施例1と同様の手法で血清中AGPのエンリッチおよび抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンマイクロアレイ解析を行い、DSAシグナルによる規格化後のAOL, MALの相対シグナル値を算出した。その典型例それぞれ2症例分の各シグナルの経時的変化を図12に示す。時間軸は治療直後の採血日を0とし、相対結合シグナルは治療直後の相対値を0としている。SVR症例ではMALシグナルは経時的に増加したが、AOLのシグナルは減少もしくはシグナル検出できなかった。すなわち、これら症例は線維化が緩和されている傾向にあった。それに対しNVR症例では、AOLシグナルは経時的に増加し、MALのシグナルはほぼ変化がなかった。すなわちこれら症例の線維化は緩和されず、むしろ悪化している(線維化が進展している)傾向が観察された。以上により、インターフェロン治療後の効果判定を血液検査で行うことが可能であることがわかった。
1. 第1迅速測定方法(マニュアル法)
1-1.試薬の調製
R1試薬の調製:緩衝液A(PBS-1%TritonX、pH7.4)中に5μg/mLのビオチン化DSA(J-オイルミルズ社製)を添加してR1試薬1を調製した。緩衝液A中に5μg/mLのビオチン化MAL(Vector社製)を添加してR1試薬2を調製した。緩衝液A中に2.5μg/mLのビオチン化AOLを添加してR1試薬3を調製した。なお、ビオチン化AOLは、ビオチン標識キット(DOJIDO社製)を用いて、AOL(東京化成社製)をビオチン化したものを使用した。
コンセーラ(正常ヒト血清、日水製薬社製)中のAGPを、実施例1のエンリッチと同様にして、抗AGP抗体を用いて緩衝液B(TBS-0.5%TritonX-0.1%SDS)に回収し試料とした。回収した試料を緩衝液Bで1倍、1/2倍、1/4倍、1/8倍、1/16倍にそれぞれ希釈した希釈試料を調製した。
「DSAの希釈直線性の確認」において、R1試薬1に代えてR1試薬2を使用し、R3試薬1に代えてR3試薬2を使用すること以外は同様にして、MAL測定系における希釈直線性の確認実験を行い、結果を図14に示した。図14に示されるようにMAL測定系についてはR2=0.99と良好な直線性を示した。
「DSAの希釈直線性の確認」において、コンセーラに代えてHCV陽性血漿2(Millenium Biotech社製)を使用し、R1試薬1に代えてR1試薬3を使用すること以外は同様にして、AOL測定系における希釈直線性の確認実験を行い、結果を図3に示した。図15に示されるようにAOL測定系についてはR2=0.98と良好な直線性を示した。
コンセーラ(正常ヒト血清、日水製薬社製)、正常ヒト血清(TRINA社製)、HCV陽性血漿1および2(Millenium Biotech社製)のそれぞれについて、実施例1のエンリッチと同様にして、抗AGP抗体を用いてAGPを分離し、緩衝液(TBS-0.5%TritonX-0.1%SDS)に回収し測定試料とした。また、緩衝液のみをブランク測定試料(NC)とした。
上記1-5の各測定試料について、実施例1で用いたレクチンアレイを用いて、抗体オーバーレイ法による測定を行った。レクチンアレイ法による測定時間は約18時間であった。結果を表6に示すと共に図18及び図19に示した。
2-1.試薬の調製
R1試薬の調製:緩衝液A(PBS-1%TritonX、pH7.4)をR1試薬とした。
コンセーラ(正常ヒト血清、日水製薬社製)中のAGPを、実施例1のエンリッチと同様にして、抗AGP抗体を用いて緩衝液B(TBS-0.5%TritonX-0.1%SDS)に回収し試料とした。回収した試料を緩衝液Bで1倍、1/2倍、1/4倍、1/8倍、1/16倍にそれぞれ希釈した希釈試料を調製した。
「DSAを用いる測定系の希釈直線性の確認」において、R2試薬1に代えてR2試薬2を使用し、R3試薬1に代えてR3試薬2を使用すること以外は同様にして、MAL測定系における希釈直線性の確認実験を行い、結果を図21に示した。図21に示されるようにMAL測定系についてはR2=0.99と良好な直線性を示した。
「DSAの希釈直線性の確認」において、コンセーラに代えてHCV陽性血漿2(Millenium Biotech社製)を使用し、R2試薬1に代えてR2試薬3を使用すること以外は同様にして、AOL測定系における希釈直線性の確認実験を行い、結果を図22に示した。図22に示されるようにAOL測定系についてはR2=0.99と良好な直線性を示した。
コンセーラ(正常ヒト血清、日水製薬社製)、正常ヒト血清(TRINA社製)、HCV陽性血漿1および2(Millenium Biotech社製)のそれぞれについて、抗AGP抗体を用いた免疫沈降法によりAGPを分離し、緩衝液B(TBS-0.5%TritonX-0.1%SDS)に回収し測定試料とした。また、緩衝液Bのみをブランク測定試料とした。
線維化ステージF1の患者血清1及び2、線維化ステージF2の患者血清3及び4、線維化ステージF3の患者血清5及び6、線維化ステージF4の患者血清7及び8のそれぞれについて、実施例1のエンリッチと同様にして、抗AGP抗体を用いてAGPを分離し、緩衝液B(TBS-0.5%TritonX-0.1%SDS)に回収し測定試料とした。また、緩衝液Bのみをブランク測定試料とした。
上記2-6の各測定試料について、実施例1で用いたレクチンアレイを用いて、抗体オーバーレイ法による測定を行った。レクチンアレイ法による測定時間は約18時間であった。結果を表9、図27及び図28に示した。
1.HCV感染患者125症例を用いた解析
実施例5により第2迅速測定法はレクチンアレイと同様のパターンを示すことがわかった。より多くの症例で実証するために、実施例2で使用した、肝炎ウイルスに罹患し、肝生検により病理診断され線維化のステージングがなされている患者群125症例を対象に、第2迅速測定法を実施例5の2-6の手順に従い行った。なお、125症例の肝臓線維化ステージの内訳は、F0およびF1が33症例、F2が32症例、F3が31症例、F4が29症例である。
実施例3に示したレクチンアレイによる肝硬変の検出と同様の手順で、第2迅速測定法により肝硬変の検出を試みた。上述の病理診断済み患者125症例分を対象に、2種レクチンのシグナルをDSAレクチンシグナルで規格化したデータを用い、他(F1-F3)からF4(肝硬変)を区別するROC曲線を作成し、感度100%、特異度100%点から最も近い距離にある曲線上の点、言い換えるとY=Xの直線に平行な線と、ROC曲線との接点を、「最適な特異度および感度」とし、その周辺にカットオフ値を設定した。得られた個々のレクチンに対するカットオフ値から肝硬変検出に最適なコンビネーション式(AOL/DSA ×1.8 - MAL/DSA)を求め、それにより病理学的診断又は画像・臨床診断 により肝炎および肝硬変と確定された患者、45症例および43症例を対象にブラインドテストを実施した。
実施例2の通り、M2BPにおいても、抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンアレイ解析により得られたレクチンシグナル情報から、各肝疾患病態を検出できる可能性が見出された。そこで肝線維化との相関を検討するための実験を実施した。AGPの実験で用いた肝炎ウイルスに罹患し、肝生検により病理診断され線維化のステージングがなされている患者群125症例を対象に、抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンマイクロアレイを実施例2の手順に従い行った。結合シグナルの生じた17種レクチンのうち、有意差検定により線維化の進展に伴うシグナル変化が認められた6つのレクチンについて、線維化進展との相関を表すグラフを作成した。それを図31に示す。各ステージのレクチンシグナルの分布を箱ひげ図により示した。箱の上端および下端はそれぞれ75%点、25%点を示し、ひげの上端および下端はそれぞれ95%点、5%点を示す。箱中の横線は中央値を示し、×は平均値を示す。なお、各グラフの縦軸はDSAのシグナルを100%とした時の相対値となっている。RCA120, AAL, TJAII, WFA, BPLのシグナルは、線維化の進展に伴い強度を増す一方、LELシグナルは線維化の進展に伴い強度が減少していることが分かった。このうち、線維化の進展をモニタリングするという観点においてはRCA120やAALが適していると考えられる。また、TJAII, WFA, BPLに関しては肝硬変(F4)になり初めてシグナルが生じているタイプである。かつ、F4におけるシグナルのばらつきが大きいため、これは発がん高リスク群を囲い込むのに有効なマーカーとなる可能性が示唆された。
1.肝がん発がん高リスク群囲い込みに適したレクチンの選抜
実施例7において、肝線維化に伴いシグナル強度が増すレクチン群が見出された。それらレクチン群のうち発がん高リスク群を囲い込むことのできるものを選抜するため、肝細胞がん患者術前術後血清7症例を対象にした、M2BPの抗体オーバーレイ・レクチンマイクロアレイ解析を行った。その実験手順は実施例1に従った。また、全自動蛍光免疫測定装置(μTAS Wako i30;和光純薬工業株式会社製)および専用試薬により、公知である肝細胞がんマーカーAFP血中量および良性疾患・肝細胞がん鑑別マーカーAFP-L3%の測定も行った。その結果の一部のレクチンシグナルパターンを図32に示す。AFP-L3%を含めたすべてのパラメーターが、7症例すべてで必ずしも術後のシグナル減少を示すというわけではなかった。これはいずれもがん検出マーカーではないことを意味している。本実験では肝細胞がん発がんの高リスク群囲い込みマーカー候補を選抜することが目的である。その点においては、AFP-L3%にパターンが類似していることが望まれる。実施例7で予想したとおりWFA, BPLレクチンがAFP-L3%のパターンに類似していた。かつ、BPLに比べWFAはシグナル強度がより強く安定であったため、WFAを有力レクチンとして選抜した。
WFA結合性M2BPを肝がん発がん高リスク群囲い込みマーカーとし、該バイオマーカーを検出する最良の形態としては、血清に含まれるバイオマーカーを臨床上許容される性能で、かつ、臨床上適用可能な簡便な手段により検出及び判別する方法が考えられる。以下にはその例として、抗M2BP抗体オーバーレイ-WFAウェルプレート(図33を参照)を用いたサンドイッチ検出分析の結果を示す。なお、本手法においてWFAウェルプレートには血清を直接添加することが可能である。その根拠としては、血清中に含まれる糖タンパク質でWFAに結合できる分子は非常に少なく、発がん高リスク群患者においてはM2BPが最も血中濃度の高い分子の一つであるからである。
(実験方法)
マイクロタイタープレート(グライナー社製 96ウェル平底ストレプトアビジンコートプレート)へPBS緩衝液に溶解したビオチン化WFA(Vector社製、5μg/mL)を各ウェルに50μLずつ加え、2時間室温で保温し、支持体へWFAを固相化した。未結合WFAを洗浄液である0.1%Tween20含有PBS(300μL)で2回ずつ洗浄し、WFA固相化ウェルプレートを完成させた。
まず、上述の肝細胞がん患者術前術後血清7症例を対象にアッセイした。その結果、図32の結果に酷似したシグナルパターンが得られた(図34上段)。これら症例のうち術後に継続的に採血を実施していた3症例についてWFA結合性M2BP量の測定を試みた。なお、患者AおよびBは術後再発症例であり、患者Eは再発なし症例である。再発したポイントを矢印で示す。その結果を図34下段に示す。横軸は施術日を0とし、経過月数を表す。また、縦軸は健常者血清をネガティブコントロール(N)とし、S/N比で表す。患者Aは術後も測定値はS/N=2.5付近で推移し、再発ポイント以降で値が上昇している。患者Bは術前の測定値が非常に高く、術後その値は減少するがS/N=2.5付近で停滞した。一方患者Eは術前術後にS/N=2.0と最も低値を示し、かつその数値は徐々に下降していった。以上の結果より、術後、S/N>2.5で停滞した患者は再発リスクが高く、かつ再発後値が上昇する一方で、術後速やかに減少しS/N=2.0を大きく下回る患者は再発しない可能性が高いことが見出された。以上により、WFA結合性M2BPは肝がん発がん高リスク群囲い込みマーカーとして有用であり、それを検出する簡易測定系として、抗M2BP抗体オーバーレイ-WFAウェルプレートを開発することができた。
ELISA法によるWFA結合性M2BP検出において、検体加熱処理の有無が検出感度に及ぼす影響を確認した。
1.試薬の調製
R1試薬の調製:10mMのHEPES(pH7.5)、150mMのNaCl、0.01mMのMnCl2、0.1mMのCaCl2、0.08w/v%のNaN3を含む溶液(緩衝液C)を調製し、R1試薬とした。
ヒト肝がん由来細胞株培養上清(HepG2培養上清)100μg/mlを緩衝液(PBS)で10倍、100倍、1000倍および10000倍に希釈した希釈試料を調製した。 また、Recombinant Human Galectin-3BP/MAC-2BP(R&D SYSTEMS製)5μg/mlを緩衝液(PBS)で2倍、4倍、8倍、16倍、32倍および64倍に希釈した希釈試料を調製した。
健常人血清、HBV陽性肝細胞がん患者血清およびHCV陽性肝細胞がん患者血清を、「2.WFAを用いる測定系の希釈直線性の確認」と同様の条件で全自動免疫測定装置HISCL2000iにより測定した。各検体の測定に要した時間は17分であった。結果を表13に示す。
Claims (17)
- 被験者より採取された試料に含まれるalpha-1-acid glycoprotein(AGP)およびMac-2-binding protein(M2BP)から選択される少なくとも一つの糖タンパク質の測定方法であって、糖タンパク質がAGPの場合には、AOLおよびMALから選択される第1レクチンに結合するAGPを測定し、糖タンパク質がM2BPの場合には、WFA、BPL、AAL、RCA120およびTJAIIから選択される第2レクチンに結合するM2BPを測定することを特徴とする糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- AGPの糖鎖構造の変化にかかわらず反応性が実質変化しないレクチン(規格化用レクチン)に結合した糖タンパク質を測定し、第1レクチンに結合したAGPの測定値を、前記規格化用レクチンと結合したAGPの測定値を用いて規格化する請求項1記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- M2BPの糖鎖構造の変化にかかわらず反応性が実質変化しないレクチン(規格化用レクチン)に結合した糖タンパク質を測定し、第2レクチンに結合したM2BPの測定値を、前記規格化用レクチンと結合したM2BPの測定値を用いて規格化する請求項1記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- 前記規格化用レクチンがDSAである請求項2または請求項3に記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- 前記第1または第2レクチン、前記糖タンパク質および標識抗糖タンパク質抗体の複合体を形成し、複合体における標識量を測定することにより前記第1または第2レクチンに結合する前記糖タンパク質を定量する請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- 複合体の形成が、第1または第2レクチンが固定された磁性粒子を用いて実行される請求項5記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- 複合体の形成が、ビオチン化された第1または第2レクチンと、ストレプトアビジンまたはアビジンが固定された磁性粒子を用いて実行される請求項5記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- 標識抗糖タンパク質抗体の標識が、脱グリコシル化処理されたアルカリホスファターゼである請求項5~7の何れか1項に記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- 抗糖タンパク質抗体が脱グリコシル化された抗糖タンパク質抗体である請求項5~7の何れか1項に記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- 少なくとも第1レクチンが固定された第1レクチンアレイと、抗AGP抗体とを用いて、第1レクチンに結合するAGPを測定し、少なくとも第2レクチンが固定された第2レクチンアレイと、抗M2BP抗体とを用いて、第2レクチンに結合するM2BPを測定する請求項1記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- 第1および第2レクチンアレイにさらにDSAが固定されており、DSAに結合するAGPを測定し、第1レクチンに結合したAGPの測定値をDSAに結合したAGPの測定値で規格化し、DSAに結合するM2BPを測定し、第2レクチンに結合したM2BPの測定値をDSAに結合したM2BPの測定値で規格化する請求項10に記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法。
- 請求項1~11の何れか1項に記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法によって得られた糖タンパク質の測定値に基づいて、肝臓の線維化ステージを判定する肝疾患の検査方法。
- 請求項1~11の何れか1項に記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法によって得られた糖タンパク質の測定値に基づいて、肝硬変か否かを判定する肝疾患の検査方法。
- 請求項1~11の何れか1項に記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法によって得られた糖タンパク質の測定値に基づいて、肝細胞がんの再発リスクを判定する肝疾患の検査方法。
- 請求項1~11の何れか1項に記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法によって得られた糖タンパク質の測定値に基づいて、肝疾患の治療における抗ウイルス剤の治療効果を判定する方法。
- 請求項1に記載の糖タンパク質の測定方法に用いられる糖タンパク質定量用試薬であって、糖タンパク質がAGPの場合には、第1レクチンが固定された磁性粒子と、標識抗AGP抗体とを備え、糖タンパク質がM2BPの場合には、第2レクチンが固定された磁性粒子と、標識抗M2BP抗体とを備えたことを特徴とする糖タンパク質定量用試薬。
- 肝疾患特異的な糖鎖変化を有するMac-2-binding protein(M2BP)からなる肝疾患病態指標糖鎖マーカー。
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JP5031928B2 (ja) | 2012-09-26 |
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CN104374919A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
KR101606302B1 (ko) | 2016-03-24 |
EP2455758A4 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
CN102625915B (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
US20140057286A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
US8623608B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 |
US20120172247A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
CN102625915A (zh) | 2012-08-01 |
EP2455758B1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
US20180106814A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
KR101470108B1 (ko) | 2014-12-05 |
EP2455758B8 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
EP2455758A1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
KR20120047938A (ko) | 2012-05-14 |
KR20140069374A (ko) | 2014-06-09 |
EP2846162A1 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
JP2012185172A (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
EP2846162B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
JP5441280B2 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
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