WO2010109737A1 - 加熱調理用食用油脂およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
加熱調理用食用油脂およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010109737A1 WO2010109737A1 PCT/JP2010/000072 JP2010000072W WO2010109737A1 WO 2010109737 A1 WO2010109737 A1 WO 2010109737A1 JP 2010000072 W JP2010000072 W JP 2010000072W WO 2010109737 A1 WO2010109737 A1 WO 2010109737A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/06—Preservation of finished products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
- A23D9/013—Other fatty acid esters, e.g. phosphatides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C11B5/0021—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants containing oxygen
- C11B5/0035—Phenols; Their halogenated and aminated derivates, their salts, their esters with carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C11B5/0071—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants containing halogens, sulfur or phosphorus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cooking oil and fat for cooking, which has excellent hydrolytic stability and storage stability during cooking while effectively reducing odor generation and quality deterioration, and a method for producing the same.
- Edible fats and oils are usually obtained by using a crude oil as a raw material and purifying mainly through a degumming step, a drying step, a decoloring step, and a deodorizing step. By going through these steps, impurities such as dust and straw fines contained in the crude oil, various metal salts that cause oxidation and coloring, components that affect flavor and stability, and residual agricultural chemicals, etc. In addition, tocopherol and phospholipids are also removed.
- Edible fats and oils obtained by refining in this way can be stored for a long period of time while maintaining quality, if they are stored in a cool and dark place, generally stored in a sealed container. However, if it contacts with air for a long time after opening or is heated at a high temperature, the oxidation of fats and oils progresses, and various changes such as change of fragrance, generation of odor, change of color, expression of toxic substances, etc. occur, The activity of the active ingredient is also impaired, leading to a decrease in quality.
- tocopherol removed during the purification process exhibits a natural antioxidant effect.
- the phospholipids to be removed remain excessively, they may be intensely colored by heating or cause foaming during frying.
- coloring during heating tends to be suppressed, and heating stability tends to be improved.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for adding d- ⁇ -tocopherol to edible fats and oils in order to take advantage of the antioxidant action of such tocopherols. Such edible fats and oils can realize deterioration suppression due to oxygen.
- Patent Documents 2 to 3 disclose techniques for allowing phospholipids to be present in an appropriate amount in refined fats and oils. Such fats and oils can particularly reduce heat coloring and heat odor.
- JP 2008-54669 A Japanese Patent No. 4095111 Japanese Patent No. 4159102
- the present invention is for cooking with improved storage stability such as more effective reduction of odor generation and quality deterioration while reducing hydrolysis in cooking by coexistence of tocopherol and phospholipid.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an edible oil and fat and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventor has found an edible oil and fat for cooking by adding a tocopherol containing a specific amount of ⁇ -tocopherol to a tocopherol while containing a specific amount of phospholipid.
- the present invention has been completed. That is, the cooking oil for cooking of the present invention is Cooking oils and fats for cooking with tocopherols added in an amount of 50-2700 ppm, The cooking oil for cooking includes phospholipid in an amount of 0.5 to 65 ppm, The tocopherols contain ⁇ -tocopherol in an amount of 27% by mass or more in the tocopherols. The tocopherols may contain ⁇ -tocopherol in an amount of 25% by mass or less in the tocopherols.
- the cooking oil for cooking is It is desirable to add ascorbyl palmitate in an amount of 0.25 to 200 ppm.
- the cooking oil and fat for cooking may be frying fat and oil, and rapeseed oil may be used as the raw oil and fat.
- the method for producing an edible fat for cooking according to the present invention, Adding a phospholipid in an amount of 0.5 to 65 ppm and tocopherols in an amount of 50 to 2700 ppm in the cooking oil for cooking,
- the tocopherols are tocopherols containing ⁇ -tocopherol in an amount of 27% by mass or more in the tocopherols.
- the manufacturing method of the cooking fats and oils for cooking of the present invention Adding tocopherols in an amount of 50 to 2700 ppm in a cooking oil or fat containing phospholipids in an amount of 0.5 to 65 ppm,
- the tocopherols may be tocopherols containing ⁇ -tocopherol in an amount of 27% by mass or more in the tocopherols.
- hydrolysis stability in cooking is improved by the effect of tocopherols containing a specific amount of ⁇ -tocopherol in a tocopherol while containing a specific amount of phospholipid. It can be cooked for a longer time than before.
- the coloring suppression effect after heating that phospholipid originally has can be sufficiently emphasized, and the antioxidant effect caused by ⁇ -tocopherol among tocopherols can be more fully exhibited, so that the storage period can be increased.
- the generation of heated odors can also be suppressed, and deterioration of fats and oils due to oxidation and hydrolysis can be effectively reduced. Therefore, according to the production method of the present invention, it is possible to easily obtain cooking oils and fats for cooking that have extremely high quality and high utility value.
- the cooking oil for cooking of the present invention Cooking oils and fats for cooking with tocopherols added in an amount of 50-2700 ppm,
- the cooking oil for cooking includes phospholipid in an amount of 0.5 to 65 ppm,
- the tocopherols are characterized by containing ⁇ -tocopherol in an amount of 27% by mass or more in the tocopherols.
- the phospholipid content in fats and oils means a value measured according to the standard fat and oil analysis test method (2.4.11-1996 phospholipids).
- plant lecithin syny lecithin, rapeseed lecithin, etc.
- fractionated lecithin hydrogenated lecithin, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI) ) And other phosphatidylserine (PS), and their hydrolysates phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerin (PG), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), sphingomyelin (SPH) ), And mixtures thereof, and the composition of each component varies depending on the original raw material.
- PA phosphatidic acid
- PG phosphatidylglycerin
- LPC lysophosphatidy
- the tocopherols mean four types of tocopherols, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol and ⁇ -tocopherol, and the content of these in fats and oils is determined by the standard fat analysis method (2.4. 10-1996 tocopherol: fluorescence detector-high performance liquid chromatographic method). Furthermore, the content of ascorbyl palmitate in fats and oils can be measured in accordance with “Food Hygiene Inspection Guidelines Food Additives Edition 2003” (Japan Food Sanitation Association).
- the cooking oil and fat for cooking according to the present invention contains 0.5 to 65 ppm of the phospholipid in 100% by mass of the cooking oil and fat for cooking, including phospholipids and tocopherols added later. It is contained in an amount of 1 to 60 ppm, more preferably 5 to 50 ppm.
- phospholipid is present in a product more than necessary, it may be colored by heating or foaming may occur during frying. Therefore, it is removed during the purification process. That is, using the property of phospholipids that form self-organized bodies with water or acid, in the degumming process, water or steam is used to remove it as a water-soluble gum (water degumming), and phosphoric acid, acetic acid Oil-soluble phospholipids are removed by using acids such as citric acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid and tannic acid. Subsequently, in the subsequent deoxidation step, it is removed together with free fatty acids such as palmitic acid and oleic acid, odorous components and the like. Therefore, the refined fats and oils usually do not contain phospholipids at all or are contained in a very small amount (for example, about 0.4 ppm or less for refined rapeseed oil).
- the cooking oil / fat for cooking according to the present invention contains tocopherols in an amount of 50-2700 ppm, preferably 100% by mass of the cooking oil / fat containing 100% by mass of the cooking oil / fat containing the phospholipid and the tocopherol to be added. It is added in an amount of 100 to 2700 ppm, more preferably 500 to 2700 ppm, further preferably 800 to 2700 ppm, and most preferably 800 to 1500 ppm. In 100% by mass of such tocopherols, ⁇ -tocopherol is 27% by mass or more. The content is preferably 27 to 100% by mass, more preferably 80 to 100% by mass, and still more preferably 85 to 95% by mass.
- Tocopherols mean four types of tocopherols, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, and ⁇ -tocopherol, which are converted to excessive phenoxy radicals by themselves by active oxygen. It has an antioxidant effect that suppresses oxidation reactions.
- ⁇ -tocopherol is known to affect vitamin E activity and antioxidant activity, but especially ⁇ -tocopherol suppresses not only fat oxidation but also hydrolysis. It is not known to contribute greatly, and the activity of such ⁇ -tocopherol effectively suppresses hydrolysis of fats and oils even under harsh usage environments such as exposure to high temperature heating while in contact with steam. Can be prevented.
- ⁇ -tocopherol is a trimethyl-type tocol derivative
- ⁇ -tocopherol is a monomethyl-type tocol derivative, and it is presumed that some factors such as the difference in the three-dimensional structure affect these activities.
- the tocopherols in the fats and oils are removed during the purification process. That is, in the decolorization step using an adsorbent such as activated clay, it is removed by adsorption together with the coloring components, the residue after the deoxidation step, various metal salts and the like. Subsequently, in the subsequent deodorization step, considerable tocopherols remaining together with odorous components, volatile components such as fatty acids and unsaponifiable materials are removed. Therefore, although refined fats and oils usually contain trace amounts of tocopherols (about 400 ppm), the amount is insufficient to obtain the effects of the present invention.
- the present invention uses tocopherols containing ⁇ -tocopherol in an amount in the above range, and adds this to the fats and oils in an amount in the above range, whereby an appropriate amount of ⁇ is added to the resulting cooking oil for cooking.
- -Tocopherol is present in the presence of anti-oxidant effect more effectively, and sufficient synergistic effect with phospholipids is ensured to further reduce quality degradation caused by oxidation and hydrolysis after heat treatment.
- the cooking oil and fat for cooking which are effectively suppressed is realized.
- the amount of the added tocopherols contained in the cooking oil for cooking is less than 50 ppm, it is difficult to exert a sufficient hydrolysis-inhibiting effect and antioxidant effect, and coloring may be promoted.
- ⁇ -tocopherol is further contained in 100% by mass of the added tocopherols in an amount of 25% by mass or less, preferably 0 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0 to 5% by mass.
- ⁇ -tocopherol in such a range that the tocopherols are less than the content of ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol and ⁇ -tocopherol act in a balanced manner, and the hydrolysis-inhibiting effect, It becomes possible to express the antioxidant activity more effectively.
- the hydrolysis-inhibiting effect and the antioxidant effect due to ⁇ -tocopherol can be expressed more sufficiently, and the synergistic effect of ⁇ -tocopherol and phospholipid can be achieved. It can be expected to increase.
- a tocopherol concentrate When adding the above tocopherols to fats and oils, a tocopherol concentrate is usually used.
- Such tocopherol concentrates are mainly collected from natural products and can also be extracted from the distillate of the deodorization process collected during the oil refining process.
- ⁇ - Tocotrienols such as tocotrienol, ⁇ -tocotrienol, ⁇ -tocotrienol and ⁇ -tocotrienol, and other tocol derivatives are included.
- the cooking oil / fat for cooking according to the present invention may be further added with ascorbyl palmitate, and the cooking oil / fat for cooking with cooking containing phospholipids to which the tocopherols and ascorbyl palmitate are added. It is desirable to contain the ascorbyl palmitate in an amount of 0.25 to 200 ppm, preferably 3 to 110 ppm, more preferably 7 to 110 ppm, and most preferably 40 to 110 ppm in a total amount of 100% by mass.
- Ascorbyl palmitate is a kind of ascorbic acid fatty acid ester, is a so-called vitamin C ester having high solubility in fats and oils and having an antioxidant effect, and is excellent in compatibility with phospholipids. With the aid of such good compatibility, there is no risk of inhibiting the coloration suppressing effect of phospholipids during heating and the effect of reducing quality degradation, and further enhances the antioxidant activity of ⁇ -tocopherol and ⁇ -tocopherol A synergistic effect can be exhibited.
- the amount of ascorbyl palmitate added to 100 parts by mass of the tocopherols is preferably 0.2 to 15 parts by mass, preferably The amount is desirably 0.2 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 7 parts by mass.
- ascorbyl palmitates commercially available preparations and the like may be used.
- the cooking oils and fats for cooking according to the present invention like general cooking oils and fats, use crude oil extracted from plant seeds or fruits as a starting material, in order, if necessary, a degumming step, a deoxidizing step, It passes through a decoloring process, and after passing through a dewaxing process if necessary, it is obtained by purification through a deodorizing process.
- the said degumming process, deoxidation process, and dewaxing process are suitably selected according to the property of the crude oil which can be changed according to the oil raw material before oil extraction.
- Oil raw materials before crude oil is collected are not particularly limited.
- Raw material fats and oils that can be used to obtain such cooking oils for cooking are not particularly limited, for example, safflower oil, grape oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, wheat germ oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, Sesame oil, rapeseed oil, rice oil, peanut oil, flux oil, sesame oil, olive oil, palm oil, coconut oil, blended oil of these 2 or more, or palm olein, palm stearin, palm super olein separated from these,
- edible fractionated oils such as palm mid-fraction, hydrogenated oils, transesterified oils, etc.
- edible oils produced by direct esterification reaction such as medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides, and flavored edible oils with added flavor ingredients
- the operating temperature is usually around 140 to 240 ° C, such as fry cooking, fried cooking, and grilling.
- rapeseed oil or soybean oil is preferable, and rapeseed oil is more preferable.
- the cooking oil and fat for cooking is suitable for frying cooking usually at a use temperature of about 160 to 200 ° C., particularly from the viewpoint of sufficiently exerting the effect of reducing foaming during frying. It is preferable to use a frying fat.
- the amount of phospholipid is 0.5 to 65 ppm, preferably 1 to 60 ppm, more preferably 5 to 50 ppm, and the tocopherols are 50 to 2700 ppm, preferably 100 to 2700 ppm, more preferably 500 to 2700 ppm, still more preferably.
- the tocopherols contain ⁇ -tocopherol in the tocopherols in an amount of 27% by mass or more, preferably 27 to 100% by mass, more preferably 80 to 100% by mass, and still more preferably 85 to 95% by mass. It is characterized by being.
- the tocopherols contain ⁇ -tocopherol in the tocopherols in an amount of 27% by mass or more, preferably 27 to 100% by mass, more preferably 80 to 100% by mass, and still more preferably 85 to 95% by mass. It may be a feature.
- degummed oil in which the amount of water or acid used in the degumming step or deoxidation step is adjusted may be used. From the viewpoint of avoiding the influence on the remaining amount of impurities to be removed and the complexity of selecting process conditions, it is necessary to use purified oil that has been decolorized and deodorized from water degumming oil collected in the degumming process. it can.
- a degummed oil cake collected in the degumming step a product obtained by subjecting the degummed oil cake to separation or purification, or a commercially available phospholipid product, etc., It is desirable to add. As a commercially available phospholipid product, it is preferable to employ a product manufactured in an environment where the coloring can be more avoided, for example, in an environment having a low oxygen concentration.
- the deodorization is performed. Desirably, it is before passing through the process, and more preferably after passing through the degumming process and the deoxidizing process, followed by the decoloring process, and immediately before passing through the deodorizing process.
- the flavor derived from phospholipids can be improved by the deodorization process, and it is easy to maintain the deodorization effect as it is until commercialization, and there is no risk of impairing the flavor of the refined oil itself. It is possible to sufficiently highlight the action inherent in lipids that suppresses excessive coloring during heating and the effect of reducing quality deterioration after heat treatment.
- the production method of the present invention includes a step of adding tocophenols to an oil or fat containing or added to the amount of phospholipid in the above range.
- the step of adding the tocopherols at the stage of the purification process is not particularly limited, but it can be performed after the degumming process and deoxidation process, and before the deodorization process, as in the case of the phospholipid. However, it is more preferably after the deodorization step. It is preferable to add tocopherols simultaneously with the addition of phospholipid because the production process can be further simplified.
- the cooking oil and fat for cooking according to the present invention can be added with components (food additives and the like) used for general cooking oil as components other than phospholipids, tocopherols and fats and oils.
- these components include emulsifiers, oxidation / deterioration inhibitors, crystal modifiers, and the like, and are preferably added after deodorization and before filling.
- the emulsifier examples include glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and organic acid monoglyceride.
- the oxidation / deterioration preventing agent include flavone derivatives, kojic acid, gallic acid derivatives, catechins and esters thereof, fuxic acid, gossypol, sesamol, terpenes, and silicones.
- Examples of the crystal modifier include triacylglycerol, diacyl glycerol, waxes, and sterol esters. Spices and coloring components can also be added. Examples of spices include capsaicin, anethole, eugenol, cineol, gingerone and the like. Examples of the coloring component include carotene and astaxanthin.
- Example 1-1 The same rapeseed salad oil as in Example 1-1 was used as the raw oil and fat, and edible fats and oils for cooking were obtained in the same manner as described above without adding any phospholipid and tocopherol preparation, and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1-1.
- Example 2-1 Use the same rapeseed salad oil as in Example 1-1 as the raw oil and fat, add phospholipid so that it is contained in the amount shown in Table 1-1, and then add the tocopherol preparation. Edible oils and fats were obtained and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1-1.
- Example 3-1 The same rapeseed salad oil as in Example 1-1 was used as the raw oil and fat, and after adding phospholipid so as to be contained in the amount shown in Table 1-1, the tocopherol preparation was added according to Table 1-1, and the same as above. Then, cooking oils and fats for cooking were obtained, and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1-1.
- Examples 6 to 9, Comparative Examples 5 to 7 The same rapeseed salad oil as in Example 1-1 was used as the raw oil and fat, the type and amount of the tocopherol preparation were changed, and cooking oils and fats for cooking were obtained in the same manner as described above according to Table 2, and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 10-1 to Example 13-1 Comparative Example 8-1 to Comparative Example 9-1
- the same rapeseed salad oil as in Example 1-1 was used as the raw oil and fat, the amount of tocopherol preparation added was changed, and cooking oils and fats for cooking were obtained in the same manner as described above according to Table 3-1, and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 3-1.
- Example 11-2 to Example 13-2 The same soybean oil as in Example 2-2 was used as the raw oil and fat, and the addition amount of the tocopherol preparation was changed.
- Examples 11-1 to 13-1 the same as above according to Table 3-2, for cooking by heating Edible oils and fats were obtained and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 3-2.
- Example 11-3 to Example 12-3 Using the same palm super olein as Example 2-3 as the raw oil and fat, changing the addition amount of the tocopherol preparation, cooking according to Example 3-1 to Example 12-1 and following the same as above according to Table 3-3 Edible fats and oils were obtained and each evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 3-3.
- Example 14-1 to Example 19-1 Comparative Example 10-1
- Example 15-2 to Example 17-2 The same soybean oil as in Example 2-2 was used as the raw oil and fat, and cooking oils and fats for cooking were obtained in the same manner as described above according to Table 4-2 according to Examples 15-1 to 17-1, and each evaluation was performed. Went. The results are shown in Table 4-2.
- Example 15-3 to Example 17-3 Using the same palm super olein as Example 2-3 as the raw oil and fat, cooking oil and fat for cooking by heating were obtained in the same manner as described above according to Table 4-3 according to Example 15-1 to Example 17-1. Evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 4-3.
- Example 20-1 to Example 24-1 and Comparative Example 11-1 to Comparative Example 12-1 Using the same rapeseed salad oil as in Example 1-1 as the raw oil and fat, adding the phospholipid so as to be contained in the amount shown in Table 5-1, then adding the tocopherol preparation and ascorbyl palmitate according to Table 5-1, An edible fat for cooking was obtained. Each evaluation was performed similarly to the above using the obtained cooking oil for cooking. The results are shown in Table 5-1.
- Example 21-2 to Example 24-2 The same soybean oil as in Example 2-2 was used as the raw oil and fat, and cooking and cooking oils and fats for cooking were obtained in the same manner as described above according to Table 5-2 according to Examples 21-1 to 24-1. Went. The results are shown in Table 5-2.
- Example 21-3 to Example 24-3 Using the same palm super olein as that of Example 2-3 as the raw oil and fat, cooking oil and fat for cooking by heating were obtained in the same manner as described above according to Table 5-3 according to Example 21-1 to Example 24-1. Evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 5-3.
- Examples 25 to 29 The same rapeseed salad oil as in Example 1-1 was used as the raw oil and fat, and after adding phospholipids so as to be contained in the amounts shown in Table 6, the tocopherol preparation and ascorbyl palmitate were added according to Table 6, and cooking food for cooking An oil was obtained. Each evaluation was performed similarly to the above using the obtained cooking oil for cooking. The results are shown in Table 6.
- TPM value Using a digital edible oil tester (testo265, manufactured by Testo Co., Ltd.), the value of the amount of polar compound (TPM value) was measured. The larger the numerical value, the greater the amount of polar compound, which is not preferable.
- Flavor Evaluation >> A part of the oil (normal temperature) was extracted and contained in the mouth, and the flavor was evaluated by the following 10 stages by 10 panelists, and the average of each evaluation was obtained. ⁇ : Tasteless and odorless and very good flavor ⁇ : Some odors are good but good ⁇ : There is odor but can be tasted (there is a different flavor from rapeseed) ⁇ : Unfavorable flavor and edible
- Example 1-1 was compared with Comparative Example 1-1 in which no phospholipid and tocopherol preparation were added, and Comparative Example 2-1 containing phospholipid but not containing a tocopherol preparation.
- Example 5-1 maintains good quality (flavor, heated odor) after storage, and is resistant to deterioration (hydrolysis suppression, coloring suppression, and polar compound increase suppression during water spray test evaluation assuming cooking) ). Further, it is clear that these effects are not sufficiently exhibited unless the amount of phospholipid contained is 0.5 to 65 ppm as compared with Comparative Examples 3-1 to 4-1.
- Example 14-1 to 29 in which the tocopherols are added in the specific amounts described above are Comparative Example 10-1 or Comparative Example.
- 11-1 to Comparative Example 12-1 it can be seen that the quality after storage is excellent and the deterioration resistance at the time of water spray test evaluation assuming cooking is excellent.
- Example 14-1 to Example 19-1 in Table 4-1 in which rapeseed oil was used as the raw material fat and oil are different from Examples 15-2 to Example in Table 4-2 in which other raw material fats and oils were used. It can be seen that the results are generally better than those of Examples 15-3 and 17-3 in Table 4-2, and Examples 15-2 to 17-2 in Table 4-2.
- Example 20-1 to Example 24-1 in Table 5-1, Example 21-2 to Example 24-2 in Table 5-2, and Example 21-3 to Example 24- in Table 5-3 3 also shows that rapeseed oil and soybean oil are suitable as the raw oil and fat, and rapeseed oil is particularly suitable.
- Example 30 Using rapeseed decolorizing oil (from degumming process to decoloring process by conventional method, rapeseed decoloring oil before deodorization process: phospholipid content 0ppm, Nisshin Oilio Group Co., Ltd.) The phospholipid preparation was added so that the amount of phospholipid added in the total amount of raw material fat after addition of 100% by mass would be the amount shown in Table 7.
- an edible fat / oil for cooking was obtained from the raw oil / fat through a deodorizing step (240 to 250 ° C., 90 minutes, reduced pressure, amount of steam blown to oil 2%) according to a conventional method.
- a deodorizing step 240 to 250 ° C., 90 minutes, reduced pressure, amount of steam blown to oil 26% according to a conventional method.
- the acid value, chromaticity, TPM value, heating odor, and flavor were evaluated as fats and oils immediately after purification. The results are shown in Table 7.
- Example 31 The rapeseed decoloring oil (manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group Co., Ltd.) used in Example 30 was deodorized (240 to 250 ° C., 90 minutes, reduced pressure, amount of steam injected to oil 2%) according to a conventional method, and phospholipids The phospholipid preparation was added so that the amount of phospholipid added in the total amount of raw material fat after addition of 100% by mass would be the amount shown in Table 7. Next, in the same manner as in Example 30, each evaluation was performed on the oil and fat immediately after purification and the oil and fat after the heat treatment. The results are shown in Table 7.
- * 1 to 5 and * 12 are synonymous with Table 1-1 to Table 6.
- * 13 Nisshin Lecithin DX (Nisshin Oilio Group, phospholipid content: 63% by mass)
- * 14 The amount of phospholipid-containing material added before going through the deodorization step in the total amount of raw material fat after addition of the phospholipid-containing material.
- * 15 The amount of phospholipid-containing material added after the deodorization step in the total amount of raw material fat after addition of the phospholipid-containing material.
- * 16 Includes both phospholipids and phospholipids added prior to the addition of phospholipids.
- * 17 Total content of phospholipids in cooking oils and fats for cooking including both phospholipids and phospholipids added prior to the addition of phospholipids, and added tocopherol preparations.
- Example 30 which obtained edible fat for cooking by adding phospholipid to the raw material fat before passing through the deodorizing step is edible for cooking by adding phospholipid to the raw fat and oil after deodorization. It turns out that the quality immediately after refinement is higher than Example 31 which obtained fats and oils, and it is more excellent in the reduction effect of a heating odor while exhibiting a more favorable flavor.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本発明の加熱調理用食用油脂は、
トコフェロール類が50~2700ppmの量で添加された加熱調理用食用油脂であって、
前記加熱調理用食用油脂が、リン脂質を0.5~65ppmの量で含有し、
前記トコフェロール類が、トコフェロール類中にδ-トコフェロールを27質量%以上の量で含有することを特徴とする。
前記トコフェロール類は、トコフェロール類中にα-トコフェロールを25質量%以下の量で含有するものであってもよい。
アスコルビン酸パルミテートを0.25~200ppmの量で添加されてなるのが望ましい。
さらに、前記加熱調理用食用油脂がフライ用油脂であってもよく、また原料油脂として菜種油を用いてもよい。
加熱調理用食用油脂中に、リン脂質を0.5~65ppm、トコフェロール類を50~2700ppmの量で添加する工程を含み、
前記トコフェロール類が、トコフェロール類中にδ-トコフェロールを27質量%以上の量で含有するトコフェロール類であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の加熱調理用食用油脂の製造方法は、
リン脂質を0.5~65ppmの量で含有する加熱調理用食用油脂中に、トコフェロール類を50~2700ppmの量で添加する工程を含み、
前記トコフェロール類が、トコフェロール類中にδ-トコフェロールを27質量%以上の量で含有するトコフェロール類であることを特徴とするものであってもよい。
したがって、本発明の製造方法によれば、極めて高品質で利用価値の高い加熱調理用食用油脂を容易に得ることができる。
[加熱調理用食用油脂]
本発明の加熱調理用食用油脂は、
トコフェロール類が50~2700ppmの量で添加された加熱調理用食用油脂であって、
前記加熱調理用食用油脂が、リン脂質を0.5~65ppmの量で含有し、
前記トコフェロール類が、トコフェロール類中にδ-トコフェロールを27質量%以上の量で含有することを特徴としている。
さらに、アスコルビン酸パルミテートの油脂中の含有量は、「食品衛生検査指針 食品添加物編2003」(社団法人 日本食品衛生協会)に準拠して測定することができる。
本発明の加熱調理用食用油脂の製造方法は、
リン脂質を0.5~65ppm、好ましくは1~60ppm、より好ましくは5~50ppmの量で、また、トコフェロール類を50~2700ppm、好ましくは100~2700ppm、より好ましくは500~2700ppm、さらに好ましくは800~2700ppp、最も好ましくは800~1500ppmの量で添加する工程を含み、
前記トコフェロール類が、トコフェロール類中にδ-トコフェロールを27質量%以上、好ましくは27~100質量%、より好ましくは80~100質量%、さらに好ましくは85~95質量%の量で含有するトコフェロール類であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の加熱調理用食用油脂の製造方法は、
リン脂質を0.5~65ppm、好ましくは1~60ppm、より好ましくは5~50ppmの量で含有する加熱調理用食用油脂中に、トコフェロール類を50~2700ppm、好ましくは100~2700ppm、より好ましくは500~2700ppm、さらに好ましくは800~2700ppp、最も好ましくは800~1500ppmの量で添加する工程を含み、
前記トコフェロール類が、トコフェロール類中にδ-トコフェロールを27質量%以上、好ましくは27~100質量%、より好ましくは80~100質量%、さらに好ましくは85~95質量%の量で含有することを特徴とするものであってもよい。
原料油脂として菜種サラダ油(精製菜種油:日清オイリオグループ(株)製、酸価=0.04、色度=1.4、TPM値7.0、リン脂質含有量0ppm、トコフェロール類含有量440ppm、アスコルビン酸パルミテート含有量0ppm)を用い、表1-1に示す量で含有されるようにリン脂質を添加した後、表1-1に従ってトコフェロール製剤を添加し、加熱調理用食用油脂を得た。得られた加熱調理用食用油脂を用い、下記に従って各評価を行った。結果を表1-1に示す。
原料油脂として実施例1-1と同じ菜種サラダ油を用い、リン脂質およびトコフェロール製剤を一切添加せず、上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表1-1に示す。
原料油脂として実施例1-1と同じ菜種サラダ油を用い、表1-1に示す量で含有されるようにリン脂質を添加した後、トコフェロール製剤を添加せず、上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表1-1に示す。
原料油脂として実施例1-1と同じ菜種サラダ油を用い、表1-1に示す量で含有されるようにリン脂質を添加した後、表1-1に従ってトコフェロール製剤を添加し、上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表1-1に示す。
原料油脂として大豆油(大豆サラダ油:日清オイリオグループ(株)製、酸価=0.05、色度=1.4、TPM値7.5、リン脂質含有量0ppm、トコフェロール類含有量1050ppm、アスコルビン酸パルミテート含有量0ppm)を用い、実施例2-1~実施例4-1および比較例1-1~比較例2-1に準じ、表1-2に従って上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表1-2に示す。
原料油脂としてパームスーパーオレイン(日清オイリオグループ(株)製、ヨウ素価=60、酸価=0.05、色度=3.7、TPM値8.5、リン脂質含有量0ppm、トコフェロール類含有量550ppm、アスコルビン酸パルミテート含有量0ppm)を用い、実施例2-1~実施例4-1および比較例1-1~比較例2-1に準じ、表1-3に従って上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表1-3に示す。
原料油脂として実施例1-1と同じ菜種サラダ油を用い、トコフェロール製剤の種類および添加量をかえ、表2に従って上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
原料油脂として実施例1-1と同じ菜種サラダ油を用い、トコフェロール製剤の添加量をかえ、表3-1に従って上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表3-1に示す。
原料油脂として実施例2-2と同じ大豆油を用い、トコフェロール製剤の添加量をかえ、実施例11-1~実施例13-1に準じ、表3-2に従って上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表3-2に示す。
原料油脂として実施例2-3と同じパームスーパーオレインを用い、トコフェロール製剤の添加量をかえ、実施例11-1~実施例12-1に準じ、表3-3に従って上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表3-3に示す。
原料油脂として実施例1-1と同じ菜種サラダ油を用い、表4-1に示す量で含有されるようにリン脂質を添加した後、表4-1に従ってトコフェロール製剤およびアスコルビン酸パルミテートを添加し、加熱調理用食用油脂を得た。得られた加熱調理用食用油脂を用い、上記と同様に各評価を行った。結果を表4-1に示す。
原料油脂として実施例2-2と同じ大豆油を用い、実施例15-1~実施例17-1に準じ、表4-2に従って上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表4-2に示す。
原料油脂として実施例2-3と同じパームスーパーオレインを用い、実施例15-1~実施例17-1に準じ、表4-3に従って上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表4-3に示す。
原料油脂として実施例1-1と同じ菜種サラダ油を用い、表5-1に示す量で含有されるようにリン脂質を添加した後、表5-1に従ってトコフェロール製剤およびアスコルビン酸パルミテートを添加し、加熱調理用食用油脂を得た。得られた加熱調理用食用油脂を用い、上記と同様に各評価を行った。結果を表5-1に示す。
原料油脂として実施例2-2と同じ大豆油を用い、実施例21-1~実施例24-1に準じ、表5-2に従って上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表5-2に示す。
原料油脂として実施例2-3と同じパームスーパーオレインを用い、実施例21-1~実施例24-1に準じ、表5-3に従って上記と同様にして加熱調理用食用油脂を得て、各評価を行った。結果を表5-3に示す。
原料油脂として実施例1-1と同じ菜種サラダ油を用い、表6に示す量で含有されるようにリン脂質を添加した後、表6に従ってトコフェロール製剤およびアスコルビン酸パルミテートを添加し、加熱調理用食用油脂を得た。得られた加熱調理用食用油脂を用い、上記と同様に各評価を行った。結果を表6に示す。
加熱用ステンレスビーカーに得られた加熱調理用食用油脂500gを入れ、マグネティックスターラーによって攪拌しながら180℃に加熱した後、油脂の表面に60mL/hの速度で水を噴霧した。これを1日7時間継続して行い、同じ作業を3日間繰り返した(噴霧時間=計21時間)。かかる水噴霧試験後の加熱調理用食用油脂について、下記に示す酸価、色度およびTPM値を評価した。
基準油脂分析試験法(2.3.1-1996 酸価)に従って測定した。数値が大きいほど、加水分解が進んでおり好ましくない。
ロビボンド比色計(ロビボンド比色計E型計測器、ティントメーター社製)により、1/2インチセルを使用して測定し、Y+10Rとして指数化した値を色度として評価した(Y:黄色、R:赤)。数値が大きいほど、着色しており好ましくない。
デジタル食用油テスター(testo265、株式会社テストー製)を用い、極性化合物量の値(TPM値)を測定した。数値が大きいほど、極性化合物量が多く好ましくない。
製造直後の加熱調理用食用油脂400gを500mL缶に入れて蓋をして密閉した。該缶を60℃の暗所に6週間保存し、かかる保存後の加熱調理用食用油脂について、下記に示す風味評価および加熱臭評価を行った。
油脂の一部(常温)を抽出して口に含み、パネラー10名によって風味を下記の4段階で評価し、各評価の平均を求めた。
◎:無味無臭で風味が極めて良好である
○:若干のニオイ等があるが良好である
△:ニオイがあるが賞味可能である(菜種由来とは異なる異質な風味有り)
×:風味が悪く食用として好ましくない
加熱調理用食用油脂40gを100mlビーカー中に取り、180℃に加熱した際の臭気について、パネラー10名によって下記の3段階で評価し、各評価の平均を求めた。
A:原料特有の臭いはあるが、戻り臭を感じない
B:原料特有の臭いのほか、戻り臭も感じる
C:戻り臭を強く感じる(菜種由来とは異なる異質な匂い有り)
※2:加熱調理用食用油脂(添加されたトコフェロール製剤を含む)中における添加されたトコフェロール類の量
※3:トコフェロール製剤に含まれるトコフェロール類中の、α-トコフェロール含有量
※4:トコフェロール製剤に含まれるトコフェロール類中の、δ-トコフェロール含有量
※5:イーミックスD(トコフェロール類含有量:97質量%)、エーザイ(株)製
※6:理研E-オイルスーパー60(トコフェロール類含有量:60質量%)、理研ビタミン(株)製
※7:理研Eオイル600(トコフェロール類含有量:60質量%)、理研ビタミン(株)製
※8:トコフェロール80(トコフェロール類含有量:80質量%)、日清オイリオグループ(株)製
※9:トコフェロール55(トコフェロール類含有量:50質量%)、日清オイリオグループ(株)製
※10:トコフェロール98M(トコフェロール類含有量:90質量%)、日清オイリオグループ(株)製
※11:L-アルコルビン酸パルミテート、三菱化学フーズ(株)製
※12:添加されたトコフェロール製剤およびアルコルビン酸パルミテートを含む。
原料油脂として菜種脱色油(常法により脱ガム工程から脱色工程まで経て、脱臭工程を経る前の菜種脱色油:リン脂質含有量0ppm、日清オイリオグループ(株)社製)を用い、リン脂質添加後の原料油脂全量100質量%中における、添加されたリン脂質量が表7に示す量となるように、リン脂質製剤を添加した。
実施例30で用いた菜種脱色油(日清オイリオグループ(株)社製)を常法に従って脱臭処理(240~250℃、90分、減圧、吹込み水蒸気量対油2%)し、リン脂質添加後の原料油脂全量100質量%中における、添加されたリン脂質量が表7に示す量となるように、リン脂質製剤を添加した。
次いで、実施例30と同様にして、精製直後の油脂および加熱処理後の油脂について各評価を行った。結果を表7に示す。
上記実施例1-1~実施例29および比較例1-1~比較例12-1と同様にして測定した。
ロビボンド比色計(ロビボンド比色計E型計測器、ティントメーター社製)により、製造直後の油脂については5+1/4インチセルを使用して色度(I)を測定し、加熱処理後の油脂については1/2インチセルを使用して測定し、Y+10Rとして指数化した値を色度(II)として評価した(Y:黄色、R:赤)。
上記実施例1-1~実施例29および比較例1-1~比較例12-1と同様にして測定した。
製造直後(未加熱処理)の油脂の一部(25℃)を抽出して口に含み、パネラー10名によって実施例1-1~29および比較例1-1~12-1と同様にして評価した。
製造直後(未加熱処理)の油脂40gを100mlビーカー中に取り、180℃に加熱した際の臭気について、実施例1-1~29および比較例1-1~12-1と同様にして評価した。
※13:日清レシチンDX(日清オイリオグループ(株)製、リン脂質含有量:63質量%)
※14:脱臭工程を経る前に添加したリン脂質含有物の、リン脂質含有物添加後における原料油脂全量中における添加量。
※15:脱臭工程を経た後に添加したリン脂質含有物の、リン脂質含有物添加後における原料油脂全量中における添加量。
※16:リン脂質を添加する前に含まれていたリン脂質および添加されたリン脂質の双方を含む。
※17:リン脂質を添加する前に含まれていたリン脂質および添加されたリン脂質の双方、および添加されたトコフェロール製剤を含む加熱調理用食用油脂中におけるリン脂質総含有量。
Claims (7)
- トコフェロール類が50~2700ppmの量で添加された加熱調理用食用油脂であって、
前記加熱調理用食用油脂が、リン脂質を0.5~65ppmの量で含有し、
前記トコフェロール類が、トコフェロール類中にδ-トコフェロールを27質量%以上の量で含有することを特徴とする加熱調理用食用油脂。 - 前記トコフェロール類が、トコフェロール類中にα-トコフェロールを25質量%以下の量で含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の加熱調理用食用油脂。
- さらに、前記加熱調理用油脂が、
アスコルビン酸パルミテートを0.25~200ppmの量で添加されてなることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の加熱調理用食用油脂。 - 前記加熱調理用食用油脂がフライ用油脂であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の加熱調理用食用油脂。
- 原料油脂として菜種油を用いることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の加熱調理用食用油脂。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の加熱調理用食用油脂の製造方法であって、
加熱調理用食用油脂中に、リン脂質を0.5~65ppm、トコフェロール類を50~2700ppmの量で添加する工程を含み、
前記トコフェロール類が、トコフェロール類中にδ-トコフェロールを27質量%以上の量で含有するトコフェロール類であることを特徴とする加熱調理用食用油脂の製造方法。 - 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の加熱調理用食用油脂の製造方法であって、
リン脂質を0.5~65ppmの量で含有する加熱調理用食用油脂中に、トコフェロール類を50~2700ppmの量で添加する工程を含み、
前記トコフェロール類が、トコフェロール類中にδ-トコフェロールを27質量%以上の量で含有するトコフェロール類であることを特徴とする加熱調理用食用油脂の製造方法。
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JP2012139175A (ja) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-26 | Riken Vitamin Co Ltd | フライ用油脂組成物 |
CN103763933A (zh) * | 2011-08-29 | 2014-04-30 | J-制油株式会社 | 油脂组合物及其制备方法 |
JP2016517689A (ja) * | 2013-05-03 | 2016-06-20 | ネステク ソシエテ アノニム | 青花椒香味油組成物 |
JP2018046771A (ja) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 加熱調理用油脂組成物の製造方法、加熱調理用油脂の加熱による劣化を抑制する方法、加熱調理用油脂組成物、及びトコフェロール高含有油脂組成物 |
JP2019050797A (ja) * | 2017-09-15 | 2019-04-04 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 油脂組成物及びその製造方法 |
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JP2016517689A (ja) * | 2013-05-03 | 2016-06-20 | ネステク ソシエテ アノニム | 青花椒香味油組成物 |
JP2018046771A (ja) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 加熱調理用油脂組成物の製造方法、加熱調理用油脂の加熱による劣化を抑制する方法、加熱調理用油脂組成物、及びトコフェロール高含有油脂組成物 |
JP2019050797A (ja) * | 2017-09-15 | 2019-04-04 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 油脂組成物及びその製造方法 |
JP7144179B2 (ja) | 2017-09-15 | 2022-09-29 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 油脂組成物及びその製造方法 |
JP2020162445A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-08 | 日油株式会社 | 粉末油脂用油脂組成物、粉末油脂 |
JP7279467B2 (ja) | 2019-03-28 | 2023-05-23 | 日油株式会社 | 粉末油脂用油脂組成物、粉末油脂 |
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JP5726438B2 (ja) | 2015-06-03 |
TW201034578A (en) | 2010-10-01 |
JPWO2010109737A1 (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
TWI452970B (zh) | 2014-09-21 |
JP4560590B1 (ja) | 2010-10-13 |
CN102300468B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
CN102300468A (zh) | 2011-12-28 |
JP2011055825A (ja) | 2011-03-24 |
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