WO2010058807A1 - アンモニアエンジンシステム - Google Patents
アンモニアエンジンシステム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010058807A1 WO2010058807A1 PCT/JP2009/069601 JP2009069601W WO2010058807A1 WO 2010058807 A1 WO2010058807 A1 WO 2010058807A1 JP 2009069601 W JP2009069601 W JP 2009069601W WO 2010058807 A1 WO2010058807 A1 WO 2010058807A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- cracker
- engine
- catalyst
- engine system
- Prior art date
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 506
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 250
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9436—Ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
- F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1026—Ruthenium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20738—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20753—Nickel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ammonia engine system including an ammonia engine using ammonia as a fuel and an ammonia cracker device that includes an ammonia cracker catalyst that decomposes ammonia and generates hydrogen by decomposing ammonia.
- Ammonia engines using ammonia as a fuel have been conventionally known. However, such ammonia engines have poor ignitability of ammonia, and ammonia combustion becomes insufficient during low-load operation and high-load operation of the engine. In order to assist the combustion of ammonia, it is necessary to add a combustion aid.
- As the auxiliary fuel hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen can be used.
- Ammonia is a compound consisting of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms, and it is possible to produce hydrogen by chemically decomposing ammonia. Therefore, if hydrogen produced by decomposing ammonia is used as a combustion aid, It is considered that this is the most desirable system in that the engine can be driven only with ammonia.
- ammonia is applied while applying a temperature of 290 ° C. or higher (preferably 340 ° C. or higher) to the ammonia cracker catalyst. Need to contact.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an ammonia combustion engine in which exhaust gas after combustion of ammonia in an ammonia combustion engine is supplied to an ammonia decomposition reaction means.
- the ammonia decomposition reaction is promoted by utilizing the high temperature of the exhaust gas containing ammonia by the combustion in the ammonia combustion engine.
- the temperature of the ammonia cracker catalyst depends on the temperature of the exhaust gas, so the ammonia combustion efficiency in the ammonia engine is poor during low-load operation (when the engine is started).
- the gas is not supplied to the ammonia cracker catalyst, and therefore the progress of the reaction to generate hydrogen and nitrogen from ammonia is poor. Since it is not supplied to the combustion engine, it takes a long time for the ammonia engine to exit from the low-load operation state.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and supplies the ammonia cracker catalyst with the temperature necessary for promoting the reaction even during low-load operation where the exhaust gas temperature from the ammonia engine is lower than the operating temperature of the ammonia cracker catalyst.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an ammonia engine system that can be used.
- ammonia cracker catalyst As described above, in order to stably produce hydrogen from ammonia using an ammonia cracker catalyst, it is necessary to keep the ammonia cracker catalyst at 290 ° C. or higher (preferably 340 ° C. or higher). As a result, the present inventors diligently studied that ammonia generates heat when it undergoes an oxidation reaction with oxygen as shown in the following formula (1). Therefore, an ammonia oxidation device that causes such an exothermic reaction is an ammonia engine and ammonia. It has been found that the above problem can be solved if it is incorporated with a cracker device.
- the ammonia engine system of the present invention is an ammonia engine system that includes an ammonia engine that uses ammonia as a fuel, and an ammonia cracker device that includes an ammonia cracker catalyst that decomposes ammonia and generates hydrogen by decomposing ammonia.
- An ammonia oxidation device is provided between the ammonia engine and the ammonia cracker device.
- the ammonia oxidation apparatus may be any apparatus that can cause the reaction of the above formula (1), but a platinum-supported catalyst is preferably used as the ammonia oxidation catalyst.
- the operating temperature of this catalyst is 150 ° C. or higher.
- the ammonia oxidation reaction of the formula (1) can be sufficiently advanced at the exhaust gas temperature, Sufficient heat can be supplied from the ammonia oxidation device so that the ammonia cracker catalyst in the ammonia cracker device has a temperature of 290 ° C. or higher (preferably 340 ° C. or higher).
- the amount of ammonia contained in the exhaust gas from the ammonia engine is controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the gas supplied to the ammonia oxidation device, whereby the amount of heat generated in the ammonia oxidation device can be controlled.
- the platinum-supported catalyst may have any shape, but for example, a catalyst having a monolith shape can be used.
- the exhaust gas temperature may be 150 ° C or lower when the engine is started.
- the platinum-supported catalyst cannot function due to the equation (1).
- the temperature in the ammonia oxidation device is stably maintained from the time of starting the engine, and as a result, stable hydrogen production from the ammonia cracker device is possible, and stable engine operation is possible.
- the ammonia cracker device may have any structure, and examples thereof include a plate type heat exchanger structure.
- the ammonia cracker catalyst is charged on the ammonia supply side of the ammonia cracker apparatus, or the material of the ammonia supply side of the ammonia cracker apparatus is the same. It is preferred that the catalyst is coated on the surface.
- ammonia cracker catalyst of the above ammonia cracker apparatus examples include a catalyst supporting ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and / or iron.
- the exhaust gas inlet side inlet temperature of the ammonia cracker device is maintained at 290 ° C. or higher (preferably 340 ° C. or higher), and the inlet temperature of the ammonia oxidation device is maintained at 150 ° C. or higher.
- ammonia gas when the exhaust gas introduction side inlet temperature of the ammonia cracker device is 300 ° C. or lower, ammonia gas is further added to the exhaust gas from the ammonia engine. Furthermore, ammonia gas may be added even when the ammonia concentration of the exhaust gas from the ammonia engine is 3% or less.
- the ammonia supplied to the ammonia oxidizer is heated by the heater.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas from the ammonia engine is lower than the operating temperature of the ammonia cracker catalyst of the ammonia cracker device
- the temperature of the exhaust gas can be raised by the heat of oxidation due to the oxidation reaction of ammonia, thereby maintaining the temperature of the ammonia cracker catalyst at or above its operating temperature even during low load operation where the temperature of the exhaust gas from the ammonia engine is low. This makes it possible to operate a stable ammonia engine.
- FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing an ammonia engine system of the present invention.
- the ammonia engine (2) is an engine driven by combustion using ammonia supplied from the NH 3 tank (1) as fuel.
- Exhaust gas from the ammonia engine (2) is supplied to the ammonia oxidizer (4).
- the exhaust gas from the ammonia engine (2) may be directly supplied to the ammonia oxidizer (4), but is passed through the line heater (3) before being supplied to the ammonia oxidizer (4). You may make it do.
- the line heater (3) is driven to heat the exhaust gas depends on the temperature of the exhaust gas. That is, the line heater (3) is an optional component in the present invention. Since the combustion reaction of ammonia in the ammonia engine (2) is an exothermic reaction, the exhaust gas from the ammonia engine (2) has a temperature of 150 ° C. or higher if the ammonia engine (2) is normally driven. Yes.
- the line heater (3) is supplementarily driven so that the exhaust gas has a temperature of 150 ° C. or higher.
- the ammonia oxidation device (4) has a platinum-supported catalyst as an ammonia oxidation catalyst.
- the platinum-supported catalyst has, for example, a monolith shape.
- the operating temperature of the platinum-supported catalyst is 150 ° C, and the exhaust gas supplied directly from the ammonia engine (2) or heated by the line heater (3) has a temperature of 150 ° C or higher. As a result, oxidation of ammonia proceeds.
- the oxidation reaction of ammonia in the ammonia oxidizer (4) is an exothermic reaction, and the gas in the ammonia oxidizer (4) reaches 290 ° C. or higher (preferably 340 ° C. or higher) by this exothermic reaction.
- the gas that has reached a temperature of 290 ° C. or higher preferably 340 ° C. or higher is supplied to the exhaust gas introduction side of the ammonia cracker device (5).
- the ammonia cracker device (5) has, for example, a plate-type heat exchanger structure. Further, as a catalyst for decomposing ammonia, for example, a ruthenium-supported catalyst is included, and this ammonia cracker catalyst is filled on the ammonia supply side of the ammonia cracker device (5) or on the surface of the material on the ammonia supply side. Coated.
- the ammonia cracker device (5) is supplied with a gas of 290 ° C. or higher (preferably 340 ° C. or higher) supplied from the ammonia oxidizer (4) to the exhaust gas introduction side and supplied with ammonia from the NH 3 tank (1). Ammonia is supplied to the side.
- the temperature of the ammonia gas and the ammonia cracker catalyst supplied by the heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the ammonia gas rises, and the catalytic action of the ammonia cracker catalyst causes the NH 3 tank (1) to
- the supplied ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen.
- the hydrogen-containing ammonia decomposition gas generated in this manner is supplied to the ammonia engine (2) as a combustion aid for the ammonia engine (2).
- Example 1 In order to schematically show the effect of the present invention, the driving of the ammonia oxidation apparatus (4) and the ammonia cracker apparatus (5) was tested using the apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG.
- the system shown in FIG. 2 is similar to the ammonia engine system shown in FIG. 1, and includes an air heater (6) to which heated air is supplied instead of the ammonia engine (2).
- Ammonia is supplied from the three tanks (1) to the line heater (3), from the inlet side and outlet side of the ammonia oxidation device (4), from the NH 3 gas introduction side of the ammonia cracker device, and from the ammonia oxidation device (4).
- Thermocouples for measuring the calorific value are respectively installed on the gas introduction side.
- the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- Example 1 heated air was used as a simulation gas of exhaust gas from an ammonia engine. Further, as the ammonia oxidation catalyst included in the ammonia oxidation device (4), a honeycomb-like platinum catalyst (a cordierite honeycomb base material coated with a platinum-supported Al 2 O 3 catalyst: platinum support amount 2 g / L) is used. As the ammonia cracker catalyst included in the ammonia cracker apparatus (5), a pellet-shaped (diameter 1 mm ⁇ ) ruthenium-based catalyst (support: activated carbon, Ba compound used as an accelerator: Ru loading 5 wt%) was used. The ammonia cracker catalyst was charged on the ammonia supply side of the ammonia cracker apparatus (5).
- a honeycomb-like platinum catalyst a cordierite honeycomb base material coated with a platinum-supported Al 2 O 3 catalyst: platinum support amount 2 g / L
- the ammonia cracker catalyst included in the ammonia cracker apparatus (5) a pellet-shaped (diameter 1
- the gas flow rate of heated air was 10 NL / min, and the temperature was raised from room temperature to 250 ° C.
- the amount of ammonia directly supplied to the ammonia cracker device (5) is set to 0.5 NL / min, and the amount of ammonia supplied to the ammonia oxidation device (4) is variously changed.
- the catalyst was allowed to act, and the ammonia decomposition rate in the ammonia cracker apparatus (5) was measured. In Example 1, the line heater (3) was not driven.
- Example 2 The test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the line heater (3) was driven.
- Example 1 The test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ammonia was not supplied to the ammonia oxidation apparatus.
- Table 1 shows the test results of Example 1
- Table 2 shows the test results of Example 2
- Table 3 shows the test results of Comparative Example 1.
- the temperature of the heated air is 150 ° C. or lower
- the temperature of the heated air is further increased by operating the line heater (3), whereby the inlet temperature of the ammonia oxidation device (4) is increased to 150 ° C. or higher.
- the oxidation reaction in the ammonia oxidizer (4) is promoted, so that the temperature of the gas rises in the ammonia oxidizer (4) and the ammonia cracker catalyst in the ammonia cracker device (5) acts to produce hydrogen. It was found that it was possible to Therefore, it was found that hydrogen can be generated in the ammonia cracker device (5) by operating the line heater (3) even when the temperature of the exhaust gas is low.
- the heat generation in the ammonia oxidizer (5) can be increased to over 340 ° C., and thus ammonia in the ammonia cracker device can be increased. It was found that the decomposition of can be accelerated.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本発明のアンモニアエンジンシステムは、アンモニアを燃料とするアンモニアエンジンと、アンモニアを分解するアンモニアクラッカー触媒を含み、アンモニアを分解して水素を生じさせるアンモニアクラッカー装置とを備えたアンモニアエンジンシステムにおいて、該アンモニアエンジンと該アンモニアクラッカー装置との間にアンモニア酸化装置が備えられているものである。
本発明の効果を模式的に示すために図2に示す構成の装置を用いてアンモニア酸化装置(4)およびアンモニアクラッカー装置(5)の駆動を試験した。なお、図2に示すシステムは、図1のアンモニアエンジンシステムを模したものであり、アンモニアエンジン(2)の代わりに加熱空気が供給される空気加熱器(6)が備えられていると共に、NH3タンク(1)からアンモニアがラインヒータ(3)に供給されるようにし、アンモニア酸化装置(4)の入口側および出口側およびアンモニアクラッカー装置のNH3ガス導入側およびアンモニア酸化装置(4)からのガス導入側に、それぞれ、発熱量を測定するための熱電対が設置されている。なお、図1と同一の構成に関しては、同一の参照符号を付し、ここでは詳細な説明は省略する。
ラインヒータ(3)を駆動させた以外は実施例1と同様にして試験を行った。
アンモニア酸化装置へのアンモニアの供給を行わなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして試験を行った。
2 アンモニアエンジン
3 ラインヒータ
4 アンモニア酸化装置
5 アンモニアクラッカー装置
Claims (12)
- アンモニアを燃料とするアンモニアエンジンと、アンモニアを分解するアンモニアクラッカー触媒を含み、アンモニアを分解して水素を生じさせるアンモニアクラッカー装置とを備えたアンモニアエンジンシステムにおいて、
該アンモニアエンジンと該アンモニアクラッカー装置との間に、アンモニア酸化装置が備えられていることを特徴とするアンモニアエンジンシステム。 - 前記アンモニア酸化装置は、白金担持触媒を有する、請求項1に記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
- 前記白金担持触媒は、モノリス形状を有する、請求項2に記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
- 前記アンモニアエンジンの出口とアンモニア酸化装置との間にヒータをさらに有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
- 前記アンモニアクラッカー装置は、プレート型熱交換器の構造を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1つに記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
- 前記アンモニアクラッカー装置のアンモニア供給側にアンモニアクラッカー触媒が充填されるか、または、前記アンモニアクラッカー装置のアンモニア供給側の材質の表面上に触媒がコーティングされている、請求項5に記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
- 前記アンモニアクラッカー触媒は、ルテニウム、ロジウム、ニッケルおよび/または鉄を担持する触媒である、請求項6に記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
- 前記アンモニアクラッカー装置の排ガス導入側入口温度は290℃以上に保たれる、請求項1~7のいずれか1つに記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
- 前記アンモニア酸化装置の入口温度は150℃以上に保たれる、請求項1~8のいずれか1つに記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
- 前記アンモニアクラッカー装置の排ガス導入側入口温度が300℃以下である場合に、アンモニアエンジンからの排出ガスにアンモニアガスがさらに添加される、請求項1~9のいずれか1つに記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
- さらにアンモニアエンジンからの排出ガスのアンモニア濃度が3%以下である場合にも、アンモニアガスが添加される、請求項10に記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
- 前記アンモニア酸化装置の入口温度が150℃以下である場合にのみ、アンモニア酸化装置に供給されるアンモニアがヒータにより加温される、請求項4~11のいずれか1つに記載のアンモニアエンジンシステム。
Priority Applications (3)
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EP09827588.6A EP2348209B1 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | Ammonia-engine system |
CN200980146125.2A CN102216588B (zh) | 2008-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | 氨发动机系统 |
US13/130,201 US9341111B2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | Ammonia-engine system |
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JP2008295476A JP5049947B2 (ja) | 2008-11-19 | 2008-11-19 | アンモニアエンジンシステム |
JP2008-295476 | 2008-11-19 |
Publications (1)
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WO2010058807A1 true WO2010058807A1 (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/JP2009/069601 WO2010058807A1 (ja) | 2008-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | アンモニアエンジンシステム |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US9341111B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2348209B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5049947B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102216588B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010058807A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
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US20110283960A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
CN102216588A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
EP2348209B1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
JP2010121509A (ja) | 2010-06-03 |
EP2348209A4 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
US9341111B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 |
JP5049947B2 (ja) | 2012-10-17 |
EP2348209A1 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
CN102216588B (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
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