WO2009140876A1 - 从生物体液样本中富集与检测稀有细胞的整合方法 - Google Patents

从生物体液样本中富集与检测稀有细胞的整合方法 Download PDF

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WO2009140876A1
WO2009140876A1 PCT/CN2009/071231 CN2009071231W WO2009140876A1 WO 2009140876 A1 WO2009140876 A1 WO 2009140876A1 CN 2009071231 W CN2009071231 W CN 2009071231W WO 2009140876 A1 WO2009140876 A1 WO 2009140876A1
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cells
rare
staining
enriched
rare cells
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French (fr)
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林平
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Lin Ping
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Priority to US13/062,144 priority Critical patent/US20110195413A1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/0693Tumour cells; Cancer cells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5008Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
    • G01N33/5011Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing antineoplastic activity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6803General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6893Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a method of integrating and detecting rare cells from a biological fluid sample.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Since the US Food and Drug Administration reviewed the technology of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of humans directly by the Immunicon/Veridex (Philadelphia, USA) in 2004, it has acquired and detected circulating tumor cells. The important scientific and clinical significance of circulating endothelial cells, cancer stem cells, and certain immune packets has been widely circulated (Cristofanilli et al, 2004 New Eng J. Med. 351:781; Braun and Marth, 2004 New Eng J. Med. 351:824) .
  • the present invention optimizes and combines several existing unrelated technologies, thereby providing a novel and unique integration method. , including removal of plasma proteins, addition of red blood cell lysis, addition of antibody coating Immunization ⁇ Kaiqiu, a density centrifugation method based on a unique cell separation medium.
  • the present invention provides a two-color or multi-color staining based on a specific combination of an alkaline phosphatase and a peroxidase enzyme-labeled antibody, thereby achieving the purpose of detecting enriched circulating rare cells.
  • the circulating rare cells stained by this new method have a good cell morphology and can be observed and analyzed by ordinary optical microscope or scanner, so that the enriched cyclic rare moon packet can be quickly and easily detected from the remaining white blood cells. .
  • the present invention provides a novel and unique integration method comprising removing plasma proteins, lysing red blood cells, adding immunoglobulin or immunological material to remove white blood cells, and adding density centrifugation based on a unique cell separation medium to separate from biological fluid samples.
  • Cycle rare cells The method consisting of concentration and enrichment can rapidly enrich circulating rare cells from biological fluid samples, such as peripheral blood, and has a high recovery rate.
  • the enriched fine moon pack has a 4 ⁇ fine moon pack form that can be used for imaging analysis. At the same time, most of the white blood cells in patient specimens can be efficiently recovered for use in other research analyses, such as the study of genes.
  • any special equipment such as a cell separation tube or a magnet is not required.
  • the biological fluid sample collected from a human or an animal includes, but is not limited to, the following sources: peripheral circulating blood, cord blood, urine, semen, bone marrow, amniotic fluid, spinal cord and pleural effusion, ascites, sputum , treated and/or homogenized human or animal tissue, cultured human or animal fine monthly bag.
  • the immunoglobulin is formed by covalent or non-covalent coupling of an antibody that specifically recognizes a leukocyte marker to the surface of the sphere, and the surface of the microsphere may or may not be chemically treated to be compatible with the protein.
  • the diameter of the sphere is between 10 nm and 10 CH, which is lOnm-100 ⁇ , and the sphere contains or partially comprises any of the following components: dioxin, dextran, jontran Sugar ( sepharose, agarose ), or cross-linked dextran ( sephadex ) utilizat
  • the microspheres used to prepare the immunomicrospheres are magnetic or non-magnetic.
  • the antibody for preparing the immunomicrosphere is specifically Identify the following but not limited to these white moon surface markers: CD3, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD50, CD69, CD84, or CD102, etc.
  • the immunosorbent is a solid surface such as a silicon glass slide and a ligand or a specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibody to any suitable binding protein with or without chemical treatment.
  • An antibody comprising an anti-leukocyte surface marker such as CD45 is prepared by covalent or non-covalent coupling.
  • the unique fine moon bag separation medium is at 20.
  • the specific gravity in the C range is between 1.07256-1.07638 g/ml (gr/ml or gr/cm 3 ), and the density in this particular range is suitable for separating almost all nucleated cells from red blood cells and immune microspheres.
  • the cell separation medium comprises any one or any two or more of the following reagent components: olyvinylpyrrolidine coated colloidal silica; oly sucrose Sodium diatrizoate or its contaminated organism; nonionic polymer consisting of sucrose and epichlorohydrin; or any sugar-containing solution, such as dextran or Sucrose ( sucrose ); iodinated small molecule compound (such as metrizamide); or any protein solution, the specific gravity of the fine moon bag separation medium can be any osmotic pressure between 280-320mOsm / kg H20, H 6.8 -7.8 buffer at 20.
  • the modulation at C temperature is in the range of 1.07256-1.07638 g/ml (gr/ml or gr/cm 3 ).
  • the specific gravity of the immune 4 kicking ball is higher than the specific gravity of the fine moon bag separating medium.
  • the centrifugation based on the fine-moon bag separation medium is carried out in a centrifuge tube of a general commercial product.
  • the method for enriching rare cells from a biological fluid of the present invention further comprises collecting all of the supernatant above the deposited cells obtained by centrifugation based on the cell separation medium.
  • the method for enriching rare cells from a biological fluid of the present invention wherein the step of lysing red blood cells to remove red blood cells is performed before, after or simultaneously with the step of incubating the addition of the immunomicrospheres or the immunosorbent. If the method of the present invention does not include the step of adding red blood cell lysate for red moon lysing, the red moon packet can be separated and removed by long-time centrifugation.
  • the circulating rare fine monthly bag enriched by the method of the invention can be applied to the following aspects: counting the enriched circulating rare fine packets by immunofluorescence or immunological group plus ordinary optical display or visible light scanner; Flow cytometry; gene expression analysis; protein expression analysis; enzymatic determination; screening of in vitro chemotherapy drugs for tumor patients; development of chemotherapy regimens for tumor patients and guidance of chemotherapy; use of tumor cells in tumor patients Assessment of the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and/or one or more therapeutic tumor antibodies; culture of rare cells enriched in vivo or in vitro; identification and confirmation of existing or newly discovered tumor cell surfaces or intracellular cells on enriched rare cells Marker; enriched rare cells Used in clinical treatment; monitoring tumor recurrence in cancer patients; developing new drugs for treating tumors; as an adjunct to tumor diagnosis; group inspection of healthy people; and diagnosis and treatment of heart disease based on circulating endothelial cells.
  • the present invention provides a complete set of optimized immunohistochemical-based multicolor staining methods, thereby being able to overcome non-specific staining by immunofluorescence, and enabling detection of stained circulating rare cells under ordinary light microscopy or Performed under a microscope based scanner. This method has proven to be a highly specific, fast, simple, and low-cost technique, and eliminates the need for any fluorescent dyes and expensive fluorescent microscopes.
  • the method for detecting enriched rare cells of the present invention may further comprise chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization.
  • the two-color staining refers to staining the markers of the rare cells, such as one or more keratins, and markers of white blood cells, such as CD45, respectively, and the rare cells and the white blood cells are dyed into different colors;
  • Trichrome staining refers to staining the nuclei of the rare cells with another color on the basis of the two-color staining, or dyeing the third color of other markers of the rare cells, the dyeing includes Incubating a primary monoclonal or polyclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the rare fine-moon packet marker with a primary monoclonal or polyclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the white squama, and the enriched rare cells .
  • the primary monoclonal antibody or the polyclonal antibody which specifically recognizes the rare fine-moon packet marker and the primary monoclonal antibody or the polyclonal antibody which specifically recognizes the white fine-monthly marker are respectively different from each other
  • the molecular phase is covalently coupled, and the small molecule is selected from the group consisting of rhodamine, biotin, digoxigenin, Alexa Fluor series, FITC, and Texas. Red, but not to mention these substances.
  • a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody recognizing any one or any two or more of keratin 8, 18, 19 or ubiquitin is used Circulating tumor cells that are shed into the blood from any solid tumor with an epithelial source are identified.
  • Another monoclonal or polyclonal antibody that recognizes the leukocyte surface marker CD45 is used for leukocyte staining to distinguish between sputum and sex.
  • the staining comprises the addition of a secondary antibody monoclonal or polyclonal antibody conjugated to a different enzyme that specifically recognizes the small molecule.
  • the coupled enzyme is a peroxidase, or an alkaline phosphatase, which is used to detect enriched rare cells.
  • the rare fine packets enriched by the method of the invention can be dyed on a glass slide or in solution.
  • the primary antibody against the rare cell marker and the anti-leukocyte marker is incubated with the enriched rare cells in any order, or two antibodies are prepared.
  • the mixed solution is simultaneously incubated with the enriched rare cells.
  • the rare cells or other cells may be directly captured by antibodies covalently or non-covalently coupled to any suitable solid surface, or may be enriched by the enrichment method of the present invention.
  • the staining method of the present invention further comprises a combination of immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical-based staining and observation under visible light for detecting enriched circulating rare cells, and the immunohistochemical-based staining is used Leukocyte staining.
  • the primary antibody recognizing keratin is labeled with a fluorescent molecule
  • the primary antibody against CD45 is labeled with a small molecule for peroxidase-catalyzed immunohistochemistry. Visible color response.
  • the invention also relates to a method for detecting enriched rare cells, comprising performing chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization, and performing observation using a fluorescent or ordinary optical display or a scanner based on the principle of oscillography.
  • the object of the present invention is also a kit for enriching rare cells from biological fluids, including red blood cell lysate, immune 4 priming or immunosorbent, and a unique cell separation medium.
  • the kit also includes instructions for illustrating the use of the kit.
  • the present invention also relates to a kit for detecting enriched rare cells, comprising a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody covalently coupled to a small molecule that specifically recognizes the rare cell marker, which is identifiable A small molecule of a secondary antibody or polyclonal antibody conjugated to an enzyme and the corresponding substrate of the enzyme.
  • the kit optionally includes an immunofluorescent dye-labeled antibody.
  • the kit also includes for dyeing Probes and reagents for chromophoric fluorescence in situ hybridization.
  • the kit also includes instructions for illustrating the use of the kit.
  • the invention also relates to an automated system for enriching circulating rare cells from a biological fluid sample, comprising a centrifuge for automatically removing plasma proteins, a device for automatically adding a red moon lysate, for automatic joining An immunoglobulin or immunosorbent device for automatically adding a cell separation medium, a density centrifugation device, and a device for automatically collecting the supernatant.
  • the invention also relates to an automated system for detecting enriched rare cells, comprising a device based on immunohistochemistry for two- or multi-color staining, a conventional optical display or an automatic scanning device based on the principle of a mirror.
  • the staining device includes an autoloader, an incubator, and an automatic cleaning device.
  • the noun explains the rare fine moon pack: it accounts for less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells in the body fluid sample collected. They include circulating tumor cells, circulating endothelial cells, cancer stem cells, stem cells, and some immune packets. Cycling rare cells: Cyclic rare cells are rare cells that are present in body fluids.
  • Biological fluid sample It is a liquid collected from human or animal body, including but not limited to the following sources: peripheral circulating blood, cord blood, urine, semen, bone marrow, amniotic fluid, spinal cord and pleural effusion, ascites, Sputum, treated human or animal tissue, cultured human or animal fine monthly bag. Hemolysis: Lymphocytes are lysed under hypotonic conditions.
  • Immunohistochemistry The color observed under optical imaging by the reaction of the enzyme coupled to the antibody with the substrate.
  • Immunofluorescence Labeling fluorescent molecules with antibodies
  • Figure 1 is a method for enriching circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients by the method of the present invention, and then obtaining the three-color staining by the immunohistochemical method of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an image obtained by detecting circulating tumor cells by chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization.
  • the present invention provides for the first time an improved and optimized combination of four unrelated single experimental means (ie, removal of plasma proteins, lysis of red blood cells, antibody-coated immunoglobulins, and density centrifugation based on specific cell separation media).
  • the enriched cyclic fine packets after enrichment do not need to be immunofluorescent stained and can be used to observe the stained rare cells by ordinary light microscope or scanner, image collection and analysis.
  • the rare cells are circulating tumor cells, circulating endothelial cells, tumor stem cells, stem cells, and certain immune cells, wherein the circulating tumor cells are derived from any solid tumor with or without epithelial origin. Melanoma.
  • Methods and reagents for enriching circulating rare cells including circulating tumor cells and circulating endothelial cells
  • Body fluid specimens include, but are not limited to, the following sources: peripheral circulation blood, umbilical cord, urine, semen, bone marrow, amniotic fluid, spinal cord and pleural effusion, ascites, sputum, treated human or animal tissue, cultured human or Animal fine moon pack.
  • the blood is collected in blood vessels preclude any one of commercial (port BD, New Jersey, USA; Cyto -Chex, Iowa, USA) 0 preclude these vessels contain either Anticoagulant: citrate glucose (ACD), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), heparin and the like. Specimens should be processed within 72 hours.
  • the method removes plasma proteins, lyses red blood cells, adds antibody-coated immunomagnetic beads, and combines density centrifugation based on a special cell separation medium to effectively Remove plasma proteins, red moon packs and white fine moon packs.
  • the enrichment means can also be simplified to consist of two steps, namely immunoglobulin plus red blood cell lysis; or immunoglobulin plus density centrifugation based on a particular cell separation medium. Different from other conventional separation of fine packets by density centrifugation, it is only time-consuming and laborious to collect the boundary phase solution of different specific gravity. All the supernatants above the deposited cells in the present invention are collected.
  • the immunoglobulin is prepared by subjecting a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody to any solid surface of a suitable binding protein with or without chemical treatment (eg, a sphere having a diameter between 10 nm and 100 ⁇ ) Covalent or non-covalent coupling.
  • a suitable binding protein eg, a sphere having a diameter between 10 nm and 100 ⁇
  • These balls contain or partially contain any One of the following components: dioxin, dextran, sepharose, agarose, or sephadex. These balls can be either magnetic or non-magnetic.
  • the immunoglobulins can be replaced by an immunosorbent.
  • the immunosorbent is prepared by covalent or non-covalent coupling of a specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibody to any solid surface of a suitable binding protein with or without chemical treatment, such as a silicon glass slide.
  • a suitable binding protein such as a silicon glass slide.
  • the special cell separation medium for density centrifugation has a specific range of specific gravity, ie, 1.07256-1.07638 g/ml (gr/ml or gr/cm 3 ), cells in the specific range of it ⁇ The separation medium can be used to separate the desired cells.
  • the cell separation medium in the present invention comprises any one or more of the following reagent components: olyvinylpyrrolidine coated colloidal silica; poly sucrose Sodium sulphate or its contaminated organism; nonionic polymer consisting of sucrose and epichlorohydrin; any sugar-containing solution, such as dextran or sucrose; Iodine 4 ⁇ small molecule 4 chelate (such as metrizamide); and / or any protein solution.
  • the specific gravity of the fine-moon bag separation medium can be prepared by using any buffer having an osmotic pressure of 280-320 mOsm/kg H20, H 6.8-7.8. The specific gravity of the immune sphere is higher than the specific gravity of the fine medium.
  • the plasma protein can be removed by centrifugation.
  • red blood cell lysis is first used in combination with density centrifugation based on a special cell separation medium to rapidly and efficiently remove red blood cells.
  • immunoglobulins are first used in combination with density centrifugation based on a special cell separation medium to rapidly and efficiently remove white blood cells.
  • the removal of leukocytes in the present invention can also be simplified to use only immunoglobulins or immunosorbents.
  • the antibody for preparing an immunoglobulin or an immunosorbent may be an antibody that specifically recognizes any of the following leukocyte surface markers, or identifies any two or more types.
  • red blood cells and white blood cells may be any suitable The order is carried out. They can be removed at the same time, or they can be removed first or later. Enriched circulating rare cells can be used for a range of subsequent analyses, including immunofluorescence analysis, immunohistochemical staining analysis, PCR, in vitro or in vivo culture of enriched circulating rare cells, and the like.
  • Detection of enriched circulating rare cells including circulating tumor cells All published methods for detecting circulating tumor packets are based on immunofluorescence staining. However, the main shortcoming of immunofluorescence staining is that the non-specific staining that people are familiar with as "ghost" has caused great trouble in the process of judging true and false positive cells.
  • the present invention provides a complete set of optimized immunohistochemical based multicolor staining methods. The non-specific staining can be greatly eliminated by the iH method of the circulating rare fines enriched by the experimental means of the present invention. The combination of the iH staining method and the ordinary optical microscope provides great convenience for people in different fields to detect circulating rare cells.
  • the circulating rare fines enriched by the method are fixed with 2% polyformaldehyde.
  • a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody recognizing any one or any two or more of keratin 8 , 18 , 19 or ubiquitin is used for identification Circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor cells in these blood fall off any solid tumor with epithelial origin.
  • Another monoclonal or polyclonal antibody recognizing the leukocyte surface marker CD45 was used to distinguish false positives.
  • the anti-keratin or CD45 primary monoclonal or polyclonal antibody is covalently coupled to any of the following small molecules, including but not limited to: rhodamine ( Rhodamine), biotin, digoxigenin, Alexa Fluor, FITC, and Texas Red.
  • a secondary antibody monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody that specifically recognizes a small molecule on the primary antibody is covalently covalent with an alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase or other enzyme. Coupling.
  • immunofluorescence can be combined with immunohistochemical methods that are recognized by visible light.
  • a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody recognizing keratin is labeled with a fluorescent molecule of any color, such as the Alexa Fluor series, Quantum dot, FITC, etc., and the primary antibody against CD45 is labeled with the above small molecule.
  • a fluorescent molecule of any color such as the Alexa Fluor series, Quantum dot, FITC, etc.
  • the primary antibody against CD45 is labeled with the above small molecule.
  • the automatic staining device includes an automatic sample loading device, an incubation device, and an automatic cleaning device.
  • the precipitate i.e., deposited cells
  • 5 ml of phosphate buffer pH 7.4
  • phosphate buffer pH 7.4
  • a monoclonal antibody against leukocyte surface antigen such as CD45 (Invitrogen, California, USA)
  • incubate for 30 minutes 4f at room temperature.
  • the deposited cells obtained after centrifugation were resuspended in phosphate buffer and further analyzed.
  • the fine-moon bag separation medium in this example was prepared as follows: a mixture of 5.7% polysaccharide (poly sucrose) and 9% sodium sulphate (Sigma, Missouri, UDA) in a high precision digital density meter (model DMA 4500) , Anton-Paar, Virginia, USA ) at 20. Under C monitoring, the density was adjusted to 1.07256-1.07638 g/ml (gr/ml or gr/cm 3 ) with PBS.
  • Example 2 Example 2.
  • Circulating tumor cells enriched from circulating tumor cells enriched in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients were placed on glass slides and prepared with 2% polypolymer prepared from phosphate buffer. After the paraformaldehyde was fixed at room temperature for 2 hours, it was washed 3 times with the riding acid buffer.
  • the anti-keratin 8+18+19 monoclonal antibody (Abeam, UK, 1 g/ml) labeled with biotin ( Pierce, Illinois, USA) and rhodamine (Pierce, Illinois, USA)
  • a mixture of CD45 monoclonal antibody (Abeam, UK, 1 g/ml) (diluted from phosphate buffer) was incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature.
  • the circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients were enriched by the experimental method of the present invention, and then stained by immunohistochemical-based three-color staining.
  • the figure shows the circulating tumor cells observed under ordinary optical imaging. Large cells: tumor cells, keratin is stained blue, nucleus is pink; small cells: white blood cells (WBC), and its surface CD45 is stained into four colors.
  • WBC white blood cells
  • Example 3 Detection of circulating tumor cells by chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization
  • the enriched tumor cells were placed on a glass slide as a specimen. After the stained specimen was treated with 20 mg/ml RNase for 1 hour, the slide was rinsed with SSC buffer.
  • the specimen was dehydrated with absolute ethanol for 10 minutes, and the force was applied. Heat to 70. C persists for 5 minutes.
  • the specimen was dehydrated with absolute ethanol for 10 minutes and incubated with the probe at 45 ° C overnight.
  • the specimen was washed with SSC buffer and observed with a fluorescence microscope.
  • the specimen may be an enriched tumor cell stained by the method of Example 2, and the purpose of performing chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization is to further determine the authenticity of the tumor cell based on immunohistochemical trichrome staining.
  • the specimen can also be directly subjected to chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization without antibody staining. The results of chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization are shown in Figure 2.
  • the chromosomes of the cells are shown in red and green. From the number of red or green, it can be judged whether the chromosome is mutated, and whether it is a mid-month tumor.
  • Example 4. Detection of circulating tumor cells for rapid clinical evaluation of anti-tumor chemotherapeutic drugs and monitoring of tumor recurrence Currently, a commonly used method for clinically evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs is a CT examination every 3 months for the patient. For example, the long interval of iH is fatal to the damage caused by those patients who are not well treated. Circulating tumor cells every 1-2 weeks can provide accurate assessment data for physicians after 2-4 weeks of chemotherapy.
  • a decrease in the number of circulating tumor cells means the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic drug. Conversely, if there is no significant change or even increase in the number of circulating tumor cells, it means that patients need to receive different chemotherapy drugs.
  • Tumor recurrence means that the tumor of the primary or metastatic tumor has entered an active phase. At this time, the number of circulating tumor cells in the patient's blood will increase significantly. Long-term follow-up of tumor cells (usually every 3 months) for tumor patients discharged after treatment can provide very strong evidence for early diagnosis of tumor recurrence.

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Description

从生物体液样本中富集与检测
稀有细胞的整合方法
技术领域 本发明主要涉及从生物体液样本中富集与检测稀有细胞的整合方法。 背景技术 自 从美 国 国 家食品 药 品管理局 于 2004 年审 4比通过美 国 Immunicon/Veridex ( Philadelphia, USA )公司的直接捕获人外周血中循环月中瘤 细胞的技术后,有关获取及检测循环肿瘤细胞, 循环内皮细胞, 肿瘤干细胞, 以 及某些免疫细包的重要的科研及临床意义已不断的被广泛艮道 ( Cristofanilli et al, 2004 New Eng J. Med. 351 :781; Braun and Marth, 2004 New Eng. J. Med. 351 :824 ) . 然而这种利用抗体偶联磁珠直接捕获循环肿瘤细胞的方法有着尽人皆知 的缺点 ( Mocellin et al, 2006 Trends in Molecular Medicine 12: 130 ) : 鉴于月中瘤 细胞表面标志表达的异质性, 所以许多肿瘤细胞不能被此种方法所捕获, 这已 被许多临床病例所证明; 除此之夕卜, 由于胂瘤细月包被抗体偶联的磁珠 "触及', 并被刺激, 致使这些捕获的被大量免疫颗粒包被的肿瘤细胞已不再是处于自然 状态的细胞,从而 艮难对其进行后续分析与研究。 有鉴于此, 人们开始寻求其它 的替代手段以获取循环稀有细胞。 与直接捕获细胞技术相比, 现已公认通过去 除红细胞及白细胞从而达到富集循环稀有细胞的方法是最为有效可行的替代 手段。 虽然某些去除或分离特定细胞群的单一实验方法已经有所报道, 诸如密 度离心法( U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,750 ) , 免疫磁性颗粒法 ( U.S. Pat. No. 4,177,145 ) , 红细胞裂解法, 以及必须借助特殊细胞分离管的免疫磁性颗粒与密度离心的初 步结合方法 ( U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,502 ) , 但所有这些方法已被证明耗时长, 白 细胞及红细胞去除率低, 靶细胞回收率低, 以及因需要某些特殊器材而带来的 操作不便。 基于上述原因, 本发明对现有的几种互不关联的技术进行了优化组 合, 从而提供了一套新颖独特的整合方法, 包括去除血浆蛋白, 加红细胞裂解, 加抗体包被的免疫 ^啟球, 加基于独特的细胞分离介质而成的密度离心分离方 法。 源于此一独特的整合试险方法的不可预知的实 3 结果已经被证明能够非常 快速高效及高特异性地地去除血浆蛋白, 白细胞及红细胞, 从而达到有效富集 循环稀有细胞的目的, 而且可以始终维持艮高的稀有细胞回收率。 迄今为止,人们所釆用的所有有关从富集样品中检测循环稀有细胞包括 循环肿瘤细胞及剩余白细胞的方法都是基于免疫荧光染色。 然而, 其不可避 免的高非特异染色信号, 昂贵的荧光显微镜, 以及必需但不便利的工作环境 (例如暗室) 极大地限制了基于免疫荧光法进行循环肿瘤细胞及循环内皮细 胞检测工作的开展。 本发明提供了基于碱性磷酸酶和过氧化物酶酶标抗体的 特异组合进行双色或多色染色, 从而达到检测富集的循环稀有细胞的目的。 经此新方法染色过的循环稀有细胞具有很好的细胞形态, 并可借助普通光学 显微镜或扫描仪进行观察与分析, 从而能快速简便地从剩余白细胞中检测出 富集的循环稀有细月包。 发明内容 本发明提供了一套新颖独特的整合方法包括去除血浆蛋白, 红细胞裂 解, 加入免疫 球或免疫材料以去除白细胞, 加入基于独特的细胞分离介质 而成的密度离心以从生物体液标本中分离循环稀有细胞。 由浓缩与富集构成 的本方法能够快速地从生物体液标本, 如外周血中, 富集循环稀有细胞, 且 回收率高。 富集的细月包具有可用于影像学分析的 4艮好的细月包形态。 同时, 病 人标本中的大部分白细胞亦可被高效回收以应用于其它研究分析, 例如基因 i普的研究。 在本项发明中, 任何特殊器材如细胞分离管或磁铁均不需要。 本发明中,从人或动物收集的所述生物体液标本包括但并不局限于以下 来源: 外周循环血, 脐带血, 尿液, 精液, 骨髓, 羊水, 脊髓及胸腔积液, 腹水, 痰液, 处理过并 /或匀浆化的人或动物组织, 培养的人或动物细月包。 所述免疫 球由特异性识别白细胞标示物的抗体与 球表面进行共价 或非共价偶联而形成, 所述微球的表面可经过或没有经过化学处理以适于与 蛋白质相偶联, 所述 球的直径介于 10纳米 -10CH啟米, 即 lOnm-100 μηι, 所述 球包含或部分包含任何一种下列成份: 二氧^ ( silica ), 右旋糖苷 ( dextran ) , 琼月旨糖 ( sepharose, agarose ), 或交联葡聚糖 ( sephadex )„ 用于 制备所述免疫微球的微球为磁性或非磁性。 在本发明中,用于制备免疫微球的抗体特异性地识别下述但不局限于这 些白细月包表面标示物: CD3 , CD31 , CD34, CD45 , CD50 , CD69 , CD84 , 或 CD102等。 制备免疫微球过程中, 或是识别这些 CD分子中的任意一种的 抗体, 或是识别这些 CD分子中任意两种或两种以上的抗体的组合与任何适 宜偶联的固体表面进行共价或非共价偶联, 例如直径介于 10纳米到 100微 米 ( 10 nm-100 μηι ) 的磁性或非磁性 球。 本发明中 ,所述免疫吸附剂是将任何经过或没有经过化学处理的适宜结 合蛋白的固体表面如石圭玻璃片 ( silicon glass slide ) 与配体 ( ligand )或特异 的单克隆或多克隆抗体包括抗白细胞表面标示物如 CD45的抗体进行共价或 非共价偶联而制备而成。 本发明中, 所述独特的细月包分离介质在 20。C 温度下比重范围介于 1.07256-1.07638克 /毫升 ( gr/ml or gr/cm3 ), 这一特定范围内的密度适于将几 乎所有有核细胞与红细胞及免疫微球进行分离。 所述细胞分离介质包含下列 任何一种或任意两种或两种以上的试剂成份: 聚乙烯吡咯烷包被的胶质二氧 化石圭 ( olyvinylpyrrolidine coated colloidal silica ); 多聚糖 ( oly sucrose ) 力口 泛影酸钠( sodium diatrizoate )或其汙生物; 由蔗糖和表氯醇组成的非离子聚 合物 ( nonionic polymer consisting of sucrose and epichlorohydrin ); 或任何一 种含糖的溶液, 如右旋糖苷或蔗糖 ( sucrose ); 碘化小分子化合物 (如曱泛 影酰胺 ( metrizamide ) ); 或任意蛋白溶液, 所述细月包分离介质的比重可用任 何渗透压介于 280-320mOsm/kg H20, H 6.8-7.8的緩冲液在 20。C温度下调制 在 1.07256-1.07638克 /毫升 ( gr/ml or gr/cm3 ) 范围内。 所述免疫 4啟球的比重 高于所述细月包分离介质的比重。 基于所述细月包分离介质的离心在普通商品 4匕 的离心管内进行。 本发明的用于从生物体液中富集稀有细胞的方法还包括,将通过基于所 述细胞分离介质的离心得到的沉积细胞以上的所有上清液全部收集。 本发明的用于从生物体液中富集稀有细胞的方法, 其中, 所述裂解红细 胞以去除红细胞的步骤在所述加入免疫微球或免疫吸附剂进行孵育的步骤之 前、 之后或者同时进行。 如果本发明的方法不包括加入红细胞裂解液进行红 细月包裂解的步骤, 则可以通过长时间的离心来分离去除红细月包。 本发明方法富集的循环稀有细月包可以应用于以下方面:通过免疫荧光或 免疫组 ^^加普通光学显 4啟镜或可见光扫描仪对所述富集的循环稀有细包的计 数; PCR; 流式细胞仪检测; 基因表达傳分析; 蛋白表达傳分析; 酶学测定; 肿瘤病人体外化疗药物的筛选; 有关肿瘤病人化疗方案的制定与指导化疗的 进行;对肿瘤病人体内的肿瘤细胞使用化疗药物及 /或一种或多种治疗肿瘤抗 体效果的评估; 体内或体外培养富集的稀有细胞; 在富集的稀有细胞上鉴定 及确认现有的或新发现的肿瘤细胞表面或细胞内的标示物; 富集的稀有细胞 应用于临床治疗; 监测肿瘤病人的肿瘤复发; 开发新的治疗肿瘤的药物; 作 为肿瘤诊断的辅助手段; 健康人群体检; 以及基于循环内皮细胞的有关心脏 病的诊断与治疗。 迄今所有检测循环稀有细胞的技术手段都基于免疫荧光方法。但来源于 荧光染料自身负电荷引起的与靶细胞的非特异结合这一主要缺点却无可避 免。 此一缺点给人们在区分真假阳性染色信号的过程中带来了极大的困扰。 本发明提供了一整套优化过的新颖的基于免疫组化的多色染色方法, 从而能 够克服免疫荧光带来的非特异染色, 并使得对染色的循环稀有细胞的检测得 以在普通光学显微镜下或者基于显微镜原理的扫描仪下进行。 此方法已被证 明为一种高特异性, 快速, 简单, 低成本的技术手段, 而且不再需要任何荧 光染料及昂贵的荧光显微镜。 本发明对富集的稀有细胞进行检测的方法还可以包括染色体荧光原位 杂交。 所述双色染色是指对所述稀有细胞的标示物如一种或多种角蛋白,以及 白细胞的标示物如 CD45分别进行染色, 所述稀有细胞和所述白细胞被染成 不同的颜色; 所述三色染色是指在所述双色染色的基础上对所述稀有细胞的 细胞核进行另外一种颜色的染色, 或对所述稀有细胞的其他标示物进行第三 种颜色的染色, 所述染色包括将特异性识别所述稀有细月包标示物的一抗单克 隆或多克隆抗体以及特异性识别所述白细月包的一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体与所 述富集的稀有细胞进行孵育。 所述特异性识别所述稀有细月包标示物的一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体以及 所述特异性识别所述白细月包标示物的一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体分别与不同的 小分子相共价偶联,所述小分子选自包括以下物质的组:罗丹明(rhodamine ) , 生物素( biotin ), 异≤基洋地黄武( digoxigenin ), Alexa Fluor系列分子, FITC , 及 Texas Red, 但不卩艮于这些物质。 在本发明的某些具体实施方式中, 可识别角蛋白 8 , 18 , 19或广 i普角蛋 白中任意一种或任意两种或两种以上的一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体被用于识别 从具有上皮来源的任何实体肿瘤脱落入血的循环肿瘤细胞。 另外一株可识别 白细胞表面标志 CD45 的单克隆或多克隆抗体用于白细胞染色以区分^ ^曰 性。 所述染色包括加入可特异性识别所述小分子的与不同的酶相偶联的二 抗单克隆或多克隆抗体。 所述偶联的酶是过氧化物酶, 或碱性磷酸酶, 所述 碱性磷酸酶被用于检测所富集的稀有细胞。 可以在载玻片上或在溶液中对用本发明的方法富集的稀有细月包进行染 色。 在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,将抗所述稀有细胞的标示物与抗白细 胞的标示物的一抗抗体按任意顺序与所述富集的稀有细胞一起进行孵育, 或 将两种抗体制备成混合液同时与所述富集的稀有细胞进行孵育。 本发明中,所述稀有细胞或其它细胞既可直接被共价或非共价偶联于任 意适宜固体表面的抗体所捕获, 也可通过本发明的富集方法所富集。 本发明的染色方法还包括联合使用免疫荧光染色与基于免疫组化的染 色及可见光下的观察, 所述免疫荧光用于检测富集的循环稀有细胞, 而所述 基于免疫组化的染色则用于白细胞染色。 在本发明的某个具体实施方式中,识别角蛋白的一抗抗体被标记上荧光 分子, 而抗 CD45的一抗则被标记上小分子以用于过氧化物酶催化的基于免 疫组化的可见光颜色反应。 本发明独特的富集与染色两种方法的结合可以极大地促进检测血中稀 有细月包如循环月中瘤细月包的普及应用。 该新颖独特的富集与染色方法已被证明 成本低, 且能快速高效及高特异性地富集并定量检测血中的稀有细胞。 本发明还涉及一种对富集的稀有细胞进行检测的方法,包括进行染色体 荧光原位杂交, 以及利用荧光或普通光学显 镜或基于显 镜原理的扫描仪 进行观察鉴定。 本发明的目的还在于一种用于从生物体液中富集稀有细胞的试剂盒,包 括红细胞裂解液, 免疫 4啟球或者免疫吸附剂, 独特的细胞分离介质。 试剂盒 还包括说明书用于说明试剂盒的使用。 本发明还涉及一种用于检测富集的稀有细胞的试剂盒,包括特异性识别 所述稀有细胞标示物的共价偶联了小分子的一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体, 可识 别所述小分子的偶联了酶的二抗单克隆或多克隆抗体以及所述酶的相应底 物。 该试剂盒可选地包括免疫荧光染料标记的抗体。 该试剂盒还包括用于染 色体荧光原位杂交的探针及试剂。 该试剂盒还包括说明书, 用于说明试剂盒 的使用。 本发明还涉及一种用于从生物体液样本中富集循环稀有细胞的自动化 系统, 包括用于自动去除血浆蛋白的离心机, 用于自动加入红细月包裂解液的 装置, 用于自动加入免疫 球或免疫吸附剂的装置, 用于自动加入一种细胞 分离介质的装置, 密度离心装置以及自动收集上清的装置。 本发明还涉及一种对富集的稀有细胞进行检测的自动化系统,包括基于 免疫组化的双色或多色染色的装置, 普通光学显 ^啟镜或基于显 ^啟镜原理的自 动扫描装置。 所述染色装置包括自动加样器, 孵育器和自动清洗装置。 名词解释 稀有细月包: 其在釆集的体液样本内的所有有核细胞中的占有比例小于 0.1%。 它们包括循环肿瘤细胞, 循环内皮细胞, 肿瘤干细胞, 干细胞, 及某 些免疫细包等。 循环稀有细胞: 循环稀有细胞是指存在于体液中的稀有细胞。 生物体液标本: 其为从人或动物体中收集的液体, 它们包括但并不局限 于以下来源: 外周循环血, 脐带血, 尿液, 精液, 骨髓, 羊水, 脊髓及胸腔 积液, 腹水, 痰液, 处理过的人或动物组织, 培养的人或动物细月包。 红细胞裂解 ( hemolysis ): 在低渗条件下裂解红细胞。 免疫组化 (IHC ): 通过偶联于抗体上的酶与底物的反应显现光学显 4啟 镜下可观察到的颜色。 免疫荧光: 将抗体标记荧光分子 附图说明 图 1是将乳腺癌病人外周血中的循环肿瘤细胞经本发明方法富集后,再 经本发明的基于免疫组化的方法进行三色染色后获得的图像。 图 2是用染色体荧光原位杂交方法检测循环肿瘤细胞得到的图像。 具体实施方式 本发明首次将四种互不关联的单一实验手段(即去除血浆蛋白, 裂解红 细胞, 抗体包被的免疫微球及基于特殊细胞分离介质的密度离心) 进行了改 进与优化组合从而提供了一套新颖独特的可快速高效地从外周血或其它体液 样本中富集循环稀有细包的方法。 富集后的循环稀有细包不需经免疫荧光染 并可借助普通光学显微镜或扫描仪完成对染色的稀有细胞的观察, 图像釆集 与分析处理。 其中稀有细胞包括循环肿瘤细胞, 循环内皮细胞, 肿瘤干细胞, 干细胞, 及某些免疫细胞, 其中所述循环肿瘤细胞来自于具有或不具有上皮 来源的任何实体瘤, 。黑色素瘤。
1. 用于富集血中循环稀有细胞包括循环肿瘤细胞及循环内皮细胞的方 法与试剂
意所需的稀有细包。 体液标本包括但并不局限于以下来源: 外周循环血, 脐 带学, 尿液, 精液, 骨髓, 羊水, 脊髓及胸腔积液, 腹水, 痰液, 处理过的 人或动物组织, 培养的人或动物细月包。 在本发明的某些具体实施方式中,血液被收集于任意一种商品化的釆血 管中 ( 口 BD, New Jersey, USA; Cyto-Chex, Iowa, USA )0 这些釆血管含有任 何一种下述抗凝剂: 枸橼酸葡萄糖 ( ACD ), 乙二胺四乙酸 ( EDTA ), 肝素 ( heparin ) 等。 标本应在 72小时之内进行处理。 在本发明的其它某些具体实施方式中, 本方法将去除血浆蛋白, 裂解红 细胞, 加入抗体包被的免疫磁珠, 及基于特殊细胞分离介质的密度离心进行 了组合尤 4匕从而可有效地去除血浆蛋白, 红细月包和白细月包。 作为替 4弋手段, 富集手段也可简化为由两个步骤组成, 即免疫微球加红细胞裂解; 或免疫微 球加基于特殊细胞分离介质的密度离心。 不同于其它常规的用密度离心法分 离细月包后只能费时费力且非 4青确地收集不同比重的分界相溶液, 本发明中沉 积细胞以上的所有上清液全部被收集。 在本发明的实施方式中,免疫微球的制备是将单克隆或多克隆抗体与任 何经过或没有经过化学处理的适宜结合蛋白的固体表面 (例如直径介于 10 nm-100 μηι的 球) 进行共价或非共价偶联。 这些 球包含或部分包含任何 一种下列成份: 二氧^ ^圭 ( silica ), 右旋糖苷 (dextran ) ,琼脂糖 ( sepharose, agarose ) ,或交联葡聚糖 ( sephadex )。 这些 球可以是磁性的, 也可为非磁 性的。 在本发明的某些实施方式中, 免疫微球可由免疫吸附剂所替代。免疫吸 附剂的制备是将特异的单克隆或多克隆抗体与任何经过或没有经过化学处理 的适宜结合蛋白的固体表面进行共价或非共价偶联,如娃玻璃片( silicon glass slide ) . 在本发明的一些实施方式中,用于密度离心的特殊细胞分离介质具有特 定范围的比重, 即 1.07256-1.07638克 /毫升( gr/ml or gr/cm3 ) , 在 it匕比重范围 内的细胞分离介质可用于分离所需的细胞。 本项发明中的细胞分离介质包含 下列任何一种或任意两种以上的试剂成份: 聚乙烯吡咯烷包被的胶质二氧化 石圭 ( olyvinylpyrrolidine coated colloidal silica ); 多聚糖 ( poly sucrose ) 力口 泛影酸钠或其汙生物; 由蔗糖和表氯醇组成的非离子聚合物 (nonionic polymer consisting of sucrose and epichlorohydrin ); 任何一种含糖的溶液 , 如 右旋糖苷或蔗糖 ( sucrose ); 碘 4匕小分子 4匕合物 ( 如曱泛影酰胺 ( metrizamide ) ); 和 /或任意蛋白溶液。 细月包分离介质的比重可用任何渗透压 介于 280-320 mOsm/kg H20, H 6.8-7.8的緩冲液调制而成。 免疫 球的比重高于细月包分离介质的比重。 在本发明的实施方法中, 血浆蛋白可用离心方法去除。 本发明中首次使用红细胞裂解法与基于特殊细胞分离介质的密度离心 相结合以快速高效地去除红细胞。 本发明中首次使用免疫微球与基于特殊细胞分离介质的密度离心相结 合以快速高效地去除白细胞。 作为替代手段, 本发明中的去除白细胞亦可简 化为只使用免疫 球或免疫吸附剂。 在本发明的具体实施方式中,用于制备免疫微球或免疫吸附剂的抗体既 可以是特异性地识别任意下述白细胞表面标示物的一种抗体, 或是识别任意 两种或两种以上下述白细月包表面标示物的抗体: CD3 , CD31 , CD34, CD45 , CD50 , CD69 , CD84 , 或 CD102等。 在本发明的具体实施方式中,红细胞与白细胞的去除可以以任意适宜的 顺序进行。 它们既可同时去除, 亦可红细月包或白细月包先被去除。 富集的循环稀有细胞可用于一系列后续分析, 包括免疫荧光分析, 基于 免疫组化的染色分析, PCR, 体外或体内培养富集的循环稀有细胞等。
2. 检测富集的循环稀有细胞包括循环肿瘤细胞 目前所有发表的有关检测循环肿瘤细包的方法都基于免疫荧光染色。然 而免疫荧光染色不可避免的主要缺点, 即人们熟之为 "鬼影" 的非特异性染 色却给人们在判断真假阳性细胞的过程中带来了极大的困扰。 本发明提供了 一整套优化后的基于免疫组化的多色染色方法。 通过本发明试验手段富集的 循环稀有细月包经 iH方法染色后, 可极大地消除非特异染色。 iH染色方法与普 通光学显微镜相结合, 为不同领域的人们开展检测循环稀有细胞提供了极大 的便利。 在本发明的某一具体实施方式中, 经本方法富集的循环稀有细月包用 2% 多聚曱醛(paraformaldehyde ) 固定。 在本发明的其它具体实施方式中, 可识别角蛋白 8 , 18 , 19或广 i普角蛋 白中任意一种或任意两种或两种以上的一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体被用于识别 循环肿瘤细胞,这些血中的循环肿瘤细胞脱落于具有上皮来源的任何实体瘤。 另外一株可识别白细胞表面标志 CD45的单克隆或多克隆抗体被用于区分假 阳性。 在本发明的其它一些具体实施方式中,抗角蛋白或 CD45的一抗单克隆 或多克隆抗体分别与下述任意一种小分子进行共价偶联, 它们包括但不局限 于: 罗丹明 (rhodamine ),生物素 (biotin ), 异≤基洋地黄武 ( digoxigenin ) , Alexa Fluor系列分子, FITC,及 Texas Red 等。 在本发明的其它具体实施方式中,可特异识别标 i己在一抗抗体上的小分 子的二抗单克隆或多克隆抗体分别与碱性磷酸酶, 过氧化物酶或其它酶相共 价偶联。 在本发明的某个具体实施方式中, 作为另外一种选择的替代方法, 免疫 荧光可与经可见光识别的免疫组化法相结合。 在此方法中, 识别角蛋白的一 抗单克隆或多克隆抗体被标记上任何颜色的荧光分子, 如 Alexa Fluor 系列, Quantum dot, FITC等, 而抗 CD45的一抗被标记上上述小分子以用于过氧化 物酶催化的免疫组化可见光颜色反应。 这种组合可极大地降氏由免疫荧光引 起的白细胞表面标示物 CD45的非特异染色。 自动染色装置包括自动加样装置, 孵育装置和自动清洗装置。 实施例 实施例 1. 从乳腺癌病人外周血中富集循环肿瘤细胞 釆集 5 ml人外周血于含有乙二胺四乙酸( EDTA )抗凝剂的釆血管中( BD: New Jersey, USA )。 离心血样 ( 700 x g, 10 分 4f ) 后, 可以使用吸液管或者 自动吸液装置来吸除上清以去掉血浆蛋白。将离心后得到的沉淀物重悬于 30 毫升红细月包裂解液 ( BD Pharmingen, California, USA )后, 孵育 20分 4f。 进 行标本离心 ( 700 X g, 10 分钟 ) 以便分离出在上清液中的被裂解的红细胞碎 片。 去掉上清后, 将沉淀物 (即沉积细胞) 重悬于 5毫升磷酸盐緩冲液(pH 7.4 )。向其中加入 0.5毫升包被有抗白细胞表面抗原例如 CD45的单克隆抗体 的磁珠后 ( Invitrogen, California, USA ) ,室温孵育 30分 4f。 将所有反应液力口 到普通 50毫升离心管内的 5毫升细胞分离介质的顶层, 离心 400 x g, 10分 钟。 收集所有上清液。 上清液离心 900 x g, 10 分钟。 离心后得到的沉积细 胞重悬于磷酸盐緩冲液后可故进一步分析。 该实施例中的细月包分离介质是这样制备的: 5.7%多聚糖 ( poly sucrose ) 与 9%泛影酸钠 ( Sigma, Missouri, UDA ) 的混合物在高精度数字密度仪 (型 号 DMA 4500, Anton-Paar, Virginia, USA ) 于 20。C监测下, 用 PBS将其密度 调至成 1.07256-1.07638 克 /毫升 ( gr/ml or gr/cm3 )。 实施例 2. 三色法染色从乳腺癌病人外周血中富集的循环肿瘤细胞 富集的循环肿瘤细月包置于载玻片上, 用由磷酸盐緩冲液配制而成的 2% 多聚曱醛(paraformaldehyde )室温固定 2小时后,用騎酸盐緩冲液冲洗 3遍。 细月包与含生物素 ( Pierce, Illinois, USA ) 标记的抗角蛋白 8+18+19单克隆抗 体 ( Abeam, UK, 1 g/ml ) 及罗丹明 ( Pierce, Illinois, USA ) 标记的抗 CD45 单克隆抗体 ( Abeam, UK, 1 g/ml ) 混合液 (由磷酸盐緩冲液稀释而成) 在 室温孵育 30分钟。 载玻片用磷酸盐緩冲液冲洗 3遍后, 与含碱性磷酸酶标 i己的抗生物素单抗 ( Sigma, Missouri, USA, 1 g/ml ) 及过氧 4匕物酶 ( Pierce, Illinois, USA ) 标记的抗罗丹明单抗 ( Abeam, UK, 1 g/ml ) 混合液 (由騎酸 盐緩冲液稀释而成) 室温孵育 30分钟。 载玻片用磷酸盐緩冲液冲洗 3遍后, 用 Vector Laboraories ( California, USA ) 出产的红色速染细月包核试剂盒, 碱 性磷酸酶及过氧化物酶底物试剂盒进行显色反应。 染色结果见附图。 参见附图 1 , 通过本发明中的实验方法对乳腺癌病人外周血中的循环肿 瘤细胞进行富集后, 再用基于免疫组化的三色染色法进行染色。 图中所示为 普通光学显 4啟镜下观察到的循环肿瘤细胞。大细胞:乳腺癌细胞( tumor cell ), 其角蛋白染成蓝色, 细胞核为粉红色; 小细胞: 白细胞(WBC ),其表面 CD45 被染成 4宗色。 实施例 3 . 染色体荧光原位杂交法检测循环肿瘤细胞 将富集的肿瘤细胞作为标本置于载玻片上。染色后的标本用 2 0毫克 / 毫升的 R N A酶处理 1小时后, 使用 SSC 緩冲液漂洗玻片。标本用无水乙醇 脱水 10分钟后, 力。热到 70。C 持续 5分钟变性。 标本再用无水乙醇脱水 10 分钟, 并于 45°C与探针杂交孵育过夜。 标本用 S S C緩冲液洗漆后, 用荧光 显微镜观察。 该标本可以是经实例 2中的方法染色后的富集肿瘤细胞, 进行 染色体荧光原位杂交的目的是进一步确定基于免疫组化的三色染色检测肿瘤 细胞的真实性。 为了便于快速诊断, 标本亦可不经抗体染色, 而直接进行染 色体荧光原位杂交。 染色体荧光原位杂交的结果见附图 2。 细胞的染色体显 示为红色和绿色。 从红色或绿色的数目可以判断是否染色体发生变异, 是否 为月中瘤细月包。 实施例 4 . 检测循环肿瘤细胞应用于临床快速评估抗肿瘤化疗药物的 疗效及肿瘤复发的监测 目前临床上评估化疗药物的疗效的常用方法是每 3 个月为病人故一次 CT检查。 如 iH长的时间间隔对与那些^^疗效果不佳的病人所造成的伤害是 致命性的。 而每 1-2周进行的检测循环肿瘤细胞则在化疗开始 2-4周后即可 为医生提供准确的评估数据。 循环肿瘤细胞数目的降低意味着化疗药物的有 效性。 反之, 如果循环肿瘤细胞数目没有明显的改变甚至增高,则意味着病人 需接受不同的化疗药物治疗。 肿瘤复发意味着原发灶或转移灶的肿瘤又进入了活跃期。此时病人血中 的循环肿瘤细胞数目会明显升高。 对经过治疗后出院的肿瘤病人进行长期的 循环肿瘤细胞的跟踪观察 (一般为每 3个月检查一次) , 可以为早期判断肿 瘤是否复发提供非常用力的证据。 本领域的技术人员应当明了, 上述优选实施例只是对本发明的具体说 明, 并不构成对本发明的限制。 根据需要可以对其进行多种改进, 组合, 亚 组合以及变换, 所有的改进, 组合, 亚组合、 变换以及等效替换都落入在所 附的权利要求的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种从生物体液样本中富集稀有细胞的整合方法, 包括: a ) 通过离心去除血浆蛋白,
b ) 可选加入红细胞裂解液进行红细胞裂解以去除红细胞, c ) 加免疫 ^啟球或免疫吸附剂进行孵育,
d ) 进行基于独特的细胞分离介质的密度离心, 用于分离所述稀 有细胞与去除红细胞后的剩余红细胞及结合于所述免疫 4啟球上的白细 胞。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 从人或动物收集的所述生物体液标 本包括但并不局限于以下来源: 外周循环血, 騰带血, 尿液, ^青液, 骨 髓, 羊水, 脊髓及胸腔积液, 腹水, 痰液, 处理过并 /或匀浆化的人或动 物组织, 培养的人或动物细月包。
3. 才艮据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法, 其中, 所述免疫 球由特异性 识别白细胞标示物的抗体与微球表面进行共价或非共价偶联而形成, 所 述微球的表面经过或没有经过化学处理以适于与蛋白质相偶联, 所述微 球的直径介于 10 纳米 -100 米, 所述 球包含或部分包含任何一种下 列成份: 二氧化硅, 右旋糖苷, 琼脂糖, 或交联葡聚糖。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其中, 用于制备所述免疫微球的微球为磁 性或非磁性的。
5. 才艮据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法, 其中, 所述免疫吸附剂是将任 何经过或没有经过化学处理的适宜结合蛋白的固体表面, 如硅玻璃片, 与配体或特异的单克隆或多克隆抗体包括抗白细胞表面标示物,如 CD45 的抗体, 进行共价或非共价偶联而制备而成。
6. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法, 其中, 所述独特的细胞分离介 质在 20°C温度下比重范围介于 1.07256-1.07638 克 /毫升,所述细胞分离 介质包含下列任何一种或任意两种或两种以上的试剂成份: 聚乙烯吡咯 烷包被的胶质二氧化硅; 多聚糖加泛影酸钠或其衍生物; 由蔗糖和表氯 醇组成的非离子聚合物;或任何一种含糖的溶液,如右旋糖苷或蔗糖; 碘 化小分子化合物 (如曱泛影酰胺) ; 或任意蛋白溶液, 所述细胞分离介 质的比重可用任何渗透压介于 280-320 mOsm/kg H20, H 6.8-7.8 的緩冲 液在 20。C温度下调制在 1.07256-1.07638 克 /毫升范围内。
7. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法, 其中, 所述免疫微球的比重高 于所述细月包分离介质的比重。
8. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法, 其中, 基于所述细胞分离介质 的离心在普通商品化的离心管内进行。
9. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法, 其中, 还包括, 将通过基于所 述细胞分离介质的离心得到的沉积细胞以上的所有上清液全部收集。
10. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法, 其中, 所述裂解红细胞以去除 红细胞的步骤在所述加入免疫 ^啟球或免疫吸附剂进行孵育的步骤之前、 之后或者同时进行。
11. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法, 其中, 所述稀有细胞是指其在 釆集的生物体液样本内的所有有核细月包中的占有比例小于 0.1% , 它们包 括循环肿瘤细胞, 循环内皮细胞, 肿瘤干细胞, 干细胞, 及某些免疫细 胞,其中所述循环肿瘤细胞来自于具有或不具有上皮来源的任何实体瘤, 如黑色素瘤等。
12. 根据权利要求 1至 11中任一项所述的方法富集的稀有细胞在以下方面的 应用: 在通过免疫荧光或免疫组 ^^加荧光或普通光学显 镜或可见光扫 描仪对所述富集的稀有细胞的计数; PCR; 流式细胞仪检测; 基因表达 傳分析; 蛋白表达傳分析; 酶学测定; 肿瘤病人体外化疗药物的筛选; 有关肿瘤病人化疗方案的制定与指导化疗的进行; 对肿瘤病人体内的肿 瘤细胞使用化疗药物及 /或一种或多种治疗肿瘤抗体效果的评估; 体内或 体外培养所述富集的稀有细包; 在所述富集的稀有细包上鉴定及确认现 有的或新发现的肿瘤细胞表面或细胞内的标示物; 所述富集的稀有细胞 应用于临床治疗; 监测肿瘤病人的肿瘤复发; 开发新的治疗肿瘤的药物; 作为肿瘤诊断的辅助手段; 健康人群体检; 以及基于循环内皮细胞的有 关心脏病的诊断与治疗。
13. 一种对富集的稀有细包进行检测的方法, 包括基于免疫组化的染色与免 疫荧光相结合, 或基于免疫组化的双色、 三色、 或多色染色, 以及利用 荧光或普通光学显微镜或基于显微镜原理的扫描仪进行观察鉴定。
14. 根据权利要求 13的方法, 还包括染色体荧光原位杂交。
15. 根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其中, 所述双色染色是指对所述稀有细胞 的标示物如一种或多种角蛋白, 以及白细月包的标示物如 CD45分别进行 染色, 所述稀有细胞和所述白细胞被染成不同的颜色; 所述三色染色是 指在所述双色染色的基础上对所述稀有细胞的细胞核进行另外一种颜色 的染色, 或对所述稀有细月包的其他标示物进行第三种颜色的染色, 所述 染色包括将特异性识别所述稀有细月包标示物的一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体 以及特异性识别所述白细月包的一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体与所述富集的稀 有细包进行孵育。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的方法, 其中, 所述特异性识别所述稀有细胞标示 物的一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体以及所述特异性只别所述白细月包标示物的 一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体分别与不同的小分子相共价偶联, 所述小分子 选自以下物质: 罗丹明、 生物素、 异羟基洋地黄甙、 Alexa Fluor系列分 子、 FITC、 及 Texas Red, 以及类似物质。
17. 根据权利要求 16所述的方法, 其中, 所述染色包括加入可特异性识别所 述'』、分子的与不同的酶相偶联的二抗单克隆或多克隆抗体。
18. 根据权利要求 17所述的方法, 所述偶联的酶是过氧化物酶, 或碱性磷酸 酶, 所述碱性磷酸酶被用于检测所富集的稀有细胞。
19. 根据权利要求 13所述的方法,还包括联合使用免疫荧光染色与基于免疫 组化的染色及可见光下的观察, 所述免疫荧光用于检测所述富集的稀有 细胞, 而所述基于免疫组化的染色则用于白细胞染色。
20. 根据权利要求 15所述的方法, 其中, 将抗所述稀有细胞的标示物与抗白 细胞的标示物的一抗抗体按任意顺序与所述富集的稀有细胞一起进行孵 育, 或将两种抗体制备成混合液同时与所述富集的稀有细胞进行孵育。 根据权利要求 13至 20中任一项所述的方法, 在载玻片上或在溶液中对 用根据权利要求 1至 11中任一项所述的方法富集的稀有细胞进行染色。
22. 根据权利要求 13至 20中任一项所述的方法, 所述稀有细胞或其它细胞 既可直接被共价或非共价偶联于任意适宜固体表面的抗体所捕获, 也可 通过根据权利要求 1至 11中任一项所述的方法所富集。
23. 一种对富集的稀有细胞进行检测的方法,包括进行染色体荧光原位杂交, 以及利用荧光或普通光学显微镜或基于显微镜原理的扫描仪进行观察鉴 定。
24. 一种用于从生物体液中富集稀有细胞的试剂盒, 包括红细胞裂解液, 免 疫 4啟球或者免疫吸附剂, 以及细月包分离介质。
25. 根据权利要求 24所述的试剂盒,还包括说明书,用于说明试剂盒的使用。
26. 一种用于检测富集的稀有细胞的试剂盒, 包括特异性识别所述稀有细胞 标示物的共价偶联了小分子的一抗单克隆或多克隆抗体, 可识别所述小 分子的偶联了酶的二抗单克隆或多克隆抗体以及所述酶的相应底物。
27. 根据权利要求 26所述的试剂盒, 还包括免疫荧光染料标记的抗体。
28. 根据权利要求 26所述的试剂盒,还包括用于染色体荧光原位杂交的探针 及试剂。
29. 根据权利要求 26至 28中任一项所述的试剂盒, 还包括说明书, 用于说 明试剂盒的使用。
30. 一种用于从生物体液样本中富集稀有细胞的自动化系统, 包括用于自动 去除血浆蛋白的离心机, 用于自动加入红细胞裂解液的装置, 用于自动 加入免疫 球或免疫吸附剂的装置, 用于自动加入一种细胞分离介质的 装置, 密度离心装置以及自动收集上清的装置。
31. 一种对富集的稀有细包进行检测的自动化系统, 包括基于免疫组化的双 色或多色染色的装置, 普通光学显 镜或基于显 镜原理的自动扫描装 置。
32. 根据权利要求 31所述的自动化系统, 所述染色装置包括自动加样器, 孵 育器和自动清洗装置。
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US20110195413A1 (en) 2011-08-11
CN101587043B (zh) 2013-10-02

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