WO2009104334A1 - 化学機械研磨用水系分散体および化学機械研磨方法 - Google Patents
化学機械研磨用水系分散体および化学機械研磨方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009104334A1 WO2009104334A1 PCT/JP2008/073082 JP2008073082W WO2009104334A1 WO 2009104334 A1 WO2009104334 A1 WO 2009104334A1 JP 2008073082 W JP2008073082 W JP 2008073082W WO 2009104334 A1 WO2009104334 A1 WO 2009104334A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/31051—Planarisation of the insulating layers
- H01L21/31053—Planarisation of the insulating layers involving a dielectric removal step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/32115—Planarisation
- H01L21/3212—Planarisation by chemical mechanical polishing [CMP]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion and a chemical mechanical polishing method.
- Copper damascene wiring mounted on a high-performance LSI is formed using chemical mechanical polishing (hereinafter also referred to as “CMP”).
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- a first polishing step for mainly removing copper and a second polishing step for removing unnecessary metal, a metal diffusion prevention film, and an insulating film are performed.
- the first polishing step is required to suppress copper dishing without polishing the barrier metal film such as tantalum, titanium, ruthenium, cobalt and their nitrides at the same time as polishing the copper film at high speed.
- the second polishing step it is required to make the surface to be polished smooth by controlling the ratio of polishing rates of the copper wiring portion, the barrier metal portion, and the insulating film portion within a certain range.
- porous low dielectric insulating films having a dielectric constant (k) of less than 2.5 have been studied in place of conventional insulating films such as p-TEOS films.
- a low dielectric constant insulating film has low mechanical strength, and since it is porous, it has a high possibility of absorbing the slurry used for polishing, and deteriorates the electrical characteristics of the low dielectric constant insulating film after polishing. It often ends up. For this reason, development of a new slurry for chemical mechanical polishing that is smooth and does not deteriorate the electrical characteristics of the low dielectric insulating film before and after polishing is demanded.
- a polishing composition containing a polymer having an anionic functional group described in Japanese Patent No. 3337464 was used for polishing a substrate including a porous low dielectric insulating film having a dielectric constant (k) of less than 2.5.
- k dielectric constant
- a polishing composition containing an anionic surfactant and a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether-based nonionic surfactant described in JP-A-2005-14206, and JP-A-2005-129637 When chemical mechanical polishing of a porous low dielectric insulating film having a dielectric constant (k) of less than 2.5 is performed using the polishing composition containing the polyether-modified silicone described, the low mechanical strength is low. Polishing defects such as scratches occur in the dielectric insulating film, and the electrical properties are deteriorated, for example, the hygroscopicity of the low dielectric constant insulating film after polishing is deteriorated.
- Low dielectric constant insulating film while maintaining the polishing rate of metal film such as copper, barrier metal film such as tantalum, titanium, ruthenium, cobalt and their nitrides, and low dielectric constant insulating film at a practical polishing rate.
- metal film such as copper
- barrier metal film such as tantalum, titanium, ruthenium, cobalt and their nitrides
- low dielectric constant insulating film at a practical polishing rate.
- the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to the present invention includes (A) a graft polymer having an anionic functional group in the trunk polymer portion, and (B) abrasive grains.
- the (A) graft polymer has a backbone polymer portion having a carboxyl group and a branch polymer portion soluble in an organic solvent, and one molecule of the backbone polymer portion.
- the branched polymer may be a polymer obtained by grafting two or more molecules.
- the (A) graft polymer may be a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1).
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- A represents a single bond, —O— or —COO, an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms (—C q H 2q O— (q is an arbitrary integer of 1 to 9)) or an amide group (—CONH
- R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are each independently selected from —C 2 H 4 O—, —C 3 H 6 O—, and —C 4 H 8 O—.
- the graft polymer (A) may be a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2).
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- A represents a single bond, —O— or —COO—, an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms (—C q H 2q O— (q is an arbitrary integer of 1 to 9)) or —NH—.
- R 3 and R 4 are each independently any one structural unit selected from —C 2 H 4 O—, —C 3 H 6 O—, and —C 4 H 8 O—.
- the (A) graft polymer may have a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 800,000.
- the content of the graft polymer (A) may be 0.001% by mass to 1.0% by mass.
- the (B) abrasive grains may be colloidal silica.
- the content ratio (A) :( B) of the (A) graft polymer and (B) abrasive grains is 1: 0.1 to 1: 10000. Can do.
- the chemical mechanical polishing method according to the present invention is characterized in that a polished surface having at least a low dielectric constant insulating film is polished using the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion.
- the polishing rate of the metal film such as copper, the barrier metal film such as tantalum, titanium, ruthenium, cobalt and their nitrides, and the low dielectric constant insulating film can be polished practically. Polishing can be performed without causing surface defects on the surface to be polished without changing electrical characteristics such as the dielectric constant of the low dielectric constant insulating film while maintaining the speed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a graft polymer having an anionic functional group used in the present embodiment.
- the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to the present invention includes (A) a graft polymer having an anionic functional group in the trunk polymer portion, and (B) abrasive grains.
- the graft polymer used in the present embodiment is a polymer having a backbone polymer portion having a carboxyl group and an organic solvent-soluble branch polymer portion, and two or more branch polymers grafted to one backbone polymer molecule. It is preferable.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a graft polymer having an anionic functional group used in the present embodiment.
- the anionic graft polymer 100 has a structure in which a backbone polymer 10 having a plurality of acidic groups serving as a main chain and a branch polymer 12 serving as a graft chain are graft-bonded in a comb shape. Since the anionic graft polymer 100 is adsorbed on the surface of the object to be polished using the acidic group of the trunk polymer 10 as an anchor, the steric repulsion effect of the branch polymer 12 acts effectively, and exhibits good polishing characteristics. it can.
- the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to the present embodiment can exhibit good polishing characteristics when polishing a low dielectric constant insulating film.
- the low dielectric constant insulating film (Low-k) has a porous structure containing air in order to realize the low dielectric constant.
- the porous material has a hollow structure, its strength is low, and when polished with a commonly used chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion, the polishing rate may be too high.
- the trunk polymer is adsorbed on the polished surface of the low dielectric constant insulating film, and the steric repulsion effect of the branch polymer causes low dielectric constant.
- the polishing rate of the insulating film can be moderately suppressed.
- the “low dielectric constant insulating film (Low-k)” means an insulation formed of a material having a dielectric constant of preferably 3.8 or less, more preferably 3.0 or less, and particularly preferably 2.5 or less. Refers to the membrane.
- the low dielectric constant insulating film for example, fluorine-added SiO 2 (dielectric constant: about 3.3 to 3.5), polyimide resin (dielectric constant: about 2.4 to 3.6; manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., product) Name “PIQ”; manufactured by Allied Signal, trade name “BCB”, etc., hydrogen-containing SOG (dielectric constant: about 2.5 to 3.5), organic SOG (dielectric constant: about 2.9; Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) And an insulating film formed from an organic-inorganic hybrid porous system (dielectric constant: 2.0 or less) or the like.
- the elastic modulus of the low dielectric constant insulating film by the nanoindentation method is about 20 GPa or less, the hardness is about 2.0 GPa or less, and a thermally oxidized SiO 2 film or a P-TEOS film (elastic modulus: about 70 GPa). ),
- the elastic modulus is very low, and the insulating film is very fragile, so that it is difficult to moderate the polishing rate.
- a non-porous MSQ low dielectric constant insulating film having a dielectric constant of about 2.8 has an elastic modulus of about 11 GPa and a hardness of about 1.5 GPa.
- a low dielectric constant insulating film having a porous structure with a dielectric constant of about 2.2 has an elastic modulus of about 3.2 GPa and a hardness of about 0.4 GPa.
- the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to this embodiment is not limited to the above-described low dielectric constant insulating film, and a copper wiring film or a barrier metal film can also be polished at a practical polishing rate.
- the backbone polymer 10 is preferably one having a carboxyl group from the viewpoint of excellent adsorption characteristics, and examples thereof include thermoplastic resins such as polyacrylic acid and salts thereof, polymethacrylic acid and salts thereof. Among these, polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid are more preferable from the viewpoint of not affecting the abrasive stability. Furthermore, polyacrylic acid is particularly preferable because of its high water solubility.
- the backbone polymer 10 may be a copolymer with another monomer other than the monomer having a carboxyl group.
- examples of other monomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl esters of acrylic acid (such as methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate), alkyl esters of methacrylic acid (such as methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate), and aminoalkyl esters of acrylic acid.
- the weight average molecular weight of the trunk polymer 10 is preferably 500 to 600,000, more preferably 10,000 to 400,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the trunk polymer 10 is less than 500, the effect of imparting viscosity to the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion is small, and the effect of improving the polishing rate is small.
- the weight average molecular weight of the trunk polymer exceeds 600,000, the stability of the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion is deteriorated, or the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion is excessively increased and loads the polishing liquid supply device. May cause problems.
- the branched polymer 12 is preferably an organic solvent soluble from the viewpoint of excellent steric repulsion effect.
- the term “soluble in an organic solvent” means that a polymer having the same composition as that of the branched polymer portion can be dissolved in a general organic solvent.
- Specific examples thereof include polyethylene glycol and polypropylene which have a hydroxyl group at the polymer terminal and can form a graft bond by an esterification reaction with a carboxyl group of the trunk polymer portion as described above or an addition reaction with a hydroxyl group.
- Examples thereof include polymers having an oxyalkylene group such as glycol, polybutylene glycol, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkenyl ether, polyoxypropylene alkenyl ether, and amino groups at the end of the branch polymer.
- Polyoxyethylene alkylamine, polyoxypropylene alkylamine, etc. which are polymers capable of forming a graft bond by amidation reaction with the carboxyl group of the trunk polymer as described above Polymers.
- the graft polymer used in the present embodiment is preferably a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1).
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- A represents a single bond, —O— or —COO, an oxyalkylene group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms (—C q H 2q O— (q is an arbitrary integer of 1 to 9)) or an amide group (—CONH
- R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are each independently selected from —C 2 H 4 O—, —C 3 H 6 O—, and —C 4 H 8 O—.
- the graft polymer used in the present embodiment is preferably a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3), the following formula (4), or the following formula (5).
- the polymer containing the repeating unit represented by the following formula (3), the following formula (4), or the following formula (5) includes the repeating unit represented by the above formula (1) and the following formula (3) or the following formula.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- A represents a single bond, —O— or —NH—, and * represents a bond.
- the content of the graft polymer used in the present embodiment is preferably 0.001 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 0.7% by mass with respect to the mass of the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion. %, Particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass.
- a low dielectric constant insulating film is compared with a metal film such as copper and a barrier metal film such as tantalum, titanium, ruthenium, cobalt, and nitrides thereof.
- the polishing rate cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the blending amount of the graft polymer exceeds 1.0% by mass, the agglomeration of abrasive grains is caused and the stability of the slurry may be hindered.
- the graft polymer used in this embodiment preferably has a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) of 2,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 5 000 to 800,000, more preferably 10,000 to 600,000, and particularly preferably 50,000 to 300,000.
- Mw polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) of 2,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 5 000 to 800,000, more preferably 10,000 to 600,000, and particularly preferably 50,000 to 300,000.
- Mw polystyrenequivalent weight average molecular weight measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) of 2,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 5 000 to 800,000, more preferably 10,000 to 600,000, and particularly preferably 50,000 to 300,000.
- Mw polystyrenequivalent weight average molecular weight measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) of 2,000 to 1,000,000
- the weight average molecular weight exceeds the above upper limit, agglomeration of abrasive grains may be caused, and the stability of the slurry may be hindered.
- the agglomeration of the abrasive grains is caused in the slurry supply apparatus, and the scratches on Cu may increase due to the aggregated abrasive grains.
- the content ratio (A) :( B) of the blending amount of (A) graft polymer and (B) abrasive grains is preferably 1: 0.1 to 1: 10000, more preferably 1:10 to 1: 500.
- the content ratio is within the above range, it is possible to more reliably achieve both good flatness of the surface to be polished and suppression of deterioration of electrical characteristics.
- the abrasive grain used in the present embodiment is preferably at least one selected from inorganic particles, organic particles, and organic-inorganic composite particles.
- Organic particles include polyolefins and olefins such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and styrene copolymers, polyacetals, saturated polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-1-butene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, etc.
- examples thereof include (meth) acrylic resins such as methacrylic copolymers, phenoxy resins, and polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic copolymers, and the like.
- the organic-inorganic composite particles are not particularly limited in terms of type and configuration as long as the organic particles and the inorganic particles are integrally formed to such an extent that they are not easily separated during polishing.
- polycondensation of alkoxysilane, aluminum alkoxide, titanium alkoxide, etc. in the presence of polymer particles such as polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate and polycondensation of polysiloxane, polyaluminoxane, polytitanoxane, etc. on at least the surface of the polymer particles
- the composite particle in which the thing was formed is mentioned.
- the formed polycondensate may be directly bonded to the functional group of the polymer particles, or may be bonded via a silane coupling agent or the like.
- the organic / inorganic composite particles may be formed using the polymer particles, silica particles, alumina particles, titania particles and the like.
- the composite particles may be formed such that silica particles or the like are present on the surface of the polymer particles using a polycondensate such as polysiloxane, polyaluminoxane, or polytitanoxane as a binder.
- the functional group such as a hydroxyl group may be chemically bonded to the functional group of the polymer particle.
- organic-inorganic composite particles composite particles in which organic particles and inorganic particles having different zeta potential signs are combined by electrostatic force in an aqueous dispersion containing these particles may be used.
- the zeta potential of organic particles is often negative over the entire pH range or a wide pH range excluding a low pH range.
- the organic particles have a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, etc., they often have a negative zeta potential more reliably.
- the organic particle has an amino group or the like, it may have a positive zeta potential in a specific pH range.
- the zeta potential of inorganic particles is highly pH-dependent and has an isoelectric point where the zeta potential is 0, and the sign of the zeta potential is reversed before and after the pH depending on the pH.
- the organic particles and the inorganic particles are combined by electrostatic force to form a composite particle. be able to.
- the pH is changed thereafter, and the zeta potential of one particle, especially the inorganic particle, is reversed, thereby integrating the organic particles and the inorganic particles. It can also be converted.
- the composite particles integrated by electrostatic force are polycondensed with alkoxysilane, aluminum alkoxide, titanium alkoxide, etc. in the presence of the composite particles, so that at least the surface thereof has polysiloxane, polyaluminoxane, polytitanoxane.
- a polycondensate such as the above may be further formed.
- the average particle diameter of the abrasive grains is preferably 5 to 1000 nm. This average particle diameter can be measured by a laser scattering diffraction measuring instrument or by observation with a transmission electron microscope. If the average particle size is less than 5 nm, a chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion having a sufficiently high polishing rate may not be obtained. If it exceeds 1000 nm, the suppression of dishing and erosion may be insufficient, and a stable aqueous dispersion may not be easily obtained due to sedimentation and separation of the abrasive grains.
- the average particle diameter of the abrasive grains may be in the above range, but is more preferably 10 to 700 nm, and particularly preferably 15 to 500 nm. When the average particle diameter is within this range, a stable chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion can be obtained in which the polishing rate is high, dishing and erosion are sufficiently suppressed, and particle settling and separation are unlikely to occur.
- the content of the abrasive grains is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, based on the mass of the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion.
- the amount of abrasive grains is less than 0.01% by mass, a sufficient polishing rate may not be obtained.
- the amount exceeds 10% by mass the cost increases and a stable chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion cannot be obtained. Sometimes.
- the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to this embodiment may further contain an oxidizing agent.
- the oxidizing agent include ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, ferric nitrate, diammonium cerium nitrate, iron sulfate, ozone, potassium periodate, and peracetic acid. These oxidizing agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these oxidizing agents, ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide are particularly preferable in view of oxidizing power, compatibility with a protective film, and ease of handling.
- the content of the oxidizing agent is preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.08 to 3% by mass, based on the mass of the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion.
- the content of the oxidizing agent is less than 0.05% by mass, a sufficient polishing rate may not be ensured.
- the content exceeds 5% by mass, corrosion and dishing of a metal film such as a Cu film increase. There is a fear.
- the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to this embodiment may further contain an organic acid.
- organic acids include formic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, glycolic acid, phthalic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, anthranilic acid, malonic acid and glutaric acid, and at least one N atom.
- organic acids containing a heterocyclic six-membered ring and organic acids containing a heterocyclic compound composed of a five-membered heterocyclic ring.
- quinaldic acid quinolinic acid, 8-quinolinol, 8-aminoquinoline, quinoline-8-carboxylic acid, 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, xanthurenic acid, quinurenic acid, benzotriazole, benzimidazole, 7-hydroxy- 5-methyl-1,3,4-triazaindolizine, nicotinic acid, picolinic acid and the like are preferred.
- the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to this embodiment may further contain an amino acid.
- amino acids include glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, histidine, cysteine, methionine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and tryptophan.
- the content of the organic acid and / or amino acid is preferably 0.001 to 2.0 mass%, more preferably 0.01 to 1.5 mass%, based on the mass of the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion. %.
- the content of the organic acid is less than 0.001% by mass, Cu dishing may be increased.
- it exceeds 2.0 mass% a stable chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion may not be produced due to sedimentation or separation of the abrasive grains.
- the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to this embodiment may further contain a water-soluble polymer different from the above (A) graft polymer.
- a water-soluble polymer different from the above (A) graft polymer.
- the water-soluble polymer that can be used in the present invention include polyacrylic acid and salts thereof, polymethacrylic acid and salts thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- These water-soluble polymers have a polyethylene glycol equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) of more than 1000, preferably 10,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably It is 200,000 to 1,500,000, particularly preferably 500,000 to 1.3 million.
- the weight average molecular weight is in the above range, defects such as metal film scratches can be suppressed while maintaining a high polishing rate for the metal film and the insulating film.
- the weight average molecular weight is smaller than the lower limit, the polishing selectivity of the metal film or the insulating film may be lowered.
- the weight average molecular weight is too large, a practical metal film polishing rate cannot be obtained, which causes agglomeration of abrasive grains in the slurry supply device, and there is a possibility that scratches on Cu increase due to the aggregated abrasive grains.
- the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to this embodiment may contain a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, or a cationic surfactant as necessary.
- the nonionic surfactant include a polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant having a triple bond.
- examples of the polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactant include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, and polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether.
- examples of the nonionic surfactant having a triple bond include acetylene glycol and its ethylene oxide adduct, acetylene alcohol, and the like.
- silicone surfactants polyvinyl alcohol, cyclodextrin, polyvinyl methyl ether, and hydroxyethyl cellulose.
- anionic surfactant include aliphatic soap, sulfate ester salt, and phosphate ester salt.
- cationic surfactant include aliphatic amine salts and aliphatic ammonium salts. These surfactants can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.001 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.005 to 0.5% by mass, based on the mass of the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion.
- polishing friction of the metal film and the insulating film can be reduced.
- the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to this embodiment is an aqueous dispersion in which the above components are dissolved or dispersed in water, and the viscosity thereof is less than 10 mPa ⁇ s. It is preferable.
- the viscosity can be adjusted by controlling the average molecular weight and content of the water-soluble polymer. If the viscosity of the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion exceeds the above range, the slurry may not be stably supplied onto the polishing cloth. As a result, the temperature of the polishing cloth rises and polishing unevenness (deterioration of in-plane uniformity) occurs, which may cause variations in the polishing rate and Cu dishing of the metal film and the insulating film.
- the pH may be appropriately adjusted according to the film quality of the low dielectric insulating film.
- the pH is preferably 7 to 11. More preferred is pH 8-10.
- a pH adjuster represented by basic salts such as potassium hydroxide, ammonia, ethylenediamine, and TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide).
- Kit for preparing an aqueous dispersion for chemical mechanical polishing An aqueous dispersion for chemical mechanical polishing is prepared by adding the above-mentioned (A) graft polymer, (B) abrasive grains, and other additives to water. May be used as is for chemical mechanical polishing, but a chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion containing a high concentration of each component, that is, a concentrated aqueous dispersion is prepared and diluted to a desired concentration during use. And may be used for chemical mechanical polishing.
- a plurality of liquids (for example, two or three liquids) containing any of the above components can be prepared, and these can be mixed and used at the time of use.
- this may be supplied to the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus, or a plurality of liquids may be supplied individually to the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus.
- a chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion may be formed on a surface plate.
- the first chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion preparation kit (hereinafter also simply referred to as “kit”) according to the present embodiment comprises water, (A) a graft polymer, and (B) an abrasive.
- kit for preparing an aqueous dispersion for chemical mechanical polishing by mixing the liquid (I), which is an aqueous dispersion containing particles, and a liquid (II) containing water and an oxidizing agent. is there.
- the concentration of each component in the liquids (I) and (II) is particularly limited as long as the concentration of each component in the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion finally prepared by mixing these liquids is within the above range.
- liquids (I) and (II) containing each component at a concentration higher than the concentration of the target chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion are prepared, and the liquids (I) and (II) are used as necessary at the time of use. Are mixed and these are mixed to prepare a chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion in which the concentration of each component is in the above range.
- liquids (I) and (II) when the liquids (I) and (II) are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1, the concentration of each component contained in the target chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion is doubled.
- the liquids (I) and (II) may be prepared as described above.
- liquids (I) and (II) are prepared so that the concentration of each component contained in the target chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion is at least twice, and these are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1. After that, each component may be diluted with water so as to have a target concentration.
- the method and timing of mixing the liquid (I) and the liquid (II) are not particularly limited as long as the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion is formed at the time of polishing.
- this may be supplied to a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus, or the liquid (I) and the liquid ( II) may be supplied independently to a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus and mixed on a surface plate.
- the liquid (I) and the liquid (II) may be independently supplied to the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus and mixed in line in the apparatus, or a mixing tank is provided in the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus, You may mix.
- a line mixer or the like may be used in order to obtain a more uniform aqueous dispersion.
- organic acid, the water-soluble polymer and the surfactant which are other additives, are included in at least one selected from the liquids (I) and (II) as necessary.
- the second kit according to this embodiment is a liquid (IV) that is an aqueous dispersion containing water and (A) a liquid (III) containing a graft polymer and water and (B) abrasive grains. And a mixture for mixing these liquids to prepare the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion. Further, the oxidizing agent is contained in one or both of the liquids (III) and (IV).
- the concentration of each component in the liquids (III) and (IV) is particularly limited if the concentration of each component in the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion finally prepared by mixing these liquids is within the above range.
- the liquids (III) and (IV) containing each component at a concentration higher than the concentration of the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion are prepared, and the liquids (III) and (IV) are diluted as necessary at the time of use. These are mixed to prepare an aqueous dispersion for chemical mechanical polishing in which the concentration of each component is in the above range.
- liquids (III) and (IV) when the liquids (III) and (IV) are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1, the concentration of each component contained in the target chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion is doubled.
- the liquids (III) and (IV) may be prepared as described above.
- liquids (III) and (IV) are respectively prepared so that the concentration of each component contained in the target chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion is at least twice, and these are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1. After that, each component may be diluted with water so as to have a target concentration.
- the storage stability of the aqueous dispersion can be improved by preparing the liquid (III) and the liquid (IV) independently.
- the method and timing of mixing the liquid (III) and the liquid (IV) are not particularly limited as long as the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion is formed at the time of polishing.
- this may be supplied to the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus, or the liquid (III) and the liquid ( IV) may be supplied independently to a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus and mixed on a surface plate.
- the liquid (III) and the liquid (IV) may be independently supplied to the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus and may be mixed in a line in the apparatus, or a mixing tank may be provided in the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus, You may mix.
- line mixing a line mixer or the like may be used in order to obtain a more uniform aqueous dispersion.
- organic acid, the water-soluble polymer and the surfactant which are other additives, are included in at least one selected from the above liquids (III) and (IV) as necessary.
- a third kit according to the present embodiment is a liquid (V) containing water and the above (A) graft polymer, a liquid that is water and an aqueous dispersion containing the above (B) abrasive grains ( VI), and a liquid (VII) containing water and an oxidant, and these liquids are mixed to prepare the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion.
- the concentration of each component in the liquids (V), (VI) and (VII) is such that the concentration of each component in the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion finally prepared by mixing these liquids is within the above range. If it is the range, it will not specifically limit.
- liquids (V), (VI) and (VII) containing each component at a concentration higher than the concentration of the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion are prepared, and liquids (V), (VI ) And (VII) are diluted and mixed to prepare a chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion in which the concentration of each component is in the above range.
- liquids (V), (VI), and (VII) are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, each component included in the target chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion.
- Liquids (V), (VI), and (VII) may be prepared so that the concentration is three times as high as the above.
- liquids (V), (VI) and (VII) were prepared so as to have a concentration three times or more of each component contained in the target chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion, and these were prepared 1: 1: 1.
- each component may be diluted with water so that each component is in the above range.
- the storage stability of the aqueous dispersion particularly the storage stability of the liquid (VII) containing an oxidizing agent. Can be improved.
- the method and timing of mixing the liquid (V), the liquid (VI) and the liquid (VII) are particularly limited as long as the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion is formed at the time of polishing.
- this may be supplied to a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus, V), liquid (VI), and liquid (VII) may be independently supplied to the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus and mixed on a surface plate.
- the liquid (V), the liquid (VI), and the liquid (VII) may be independently supplied to the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus and line mixed in the apparatus, or the chemical mechanical polishing apparatus may be provided with a mixing tank. The mixing may be performed in a mixing tank. In line mixing, a line mixer or the like may be used in order to obtain a more uniform aqueous dispersion.
- the organic acid, the water-soluble polymer and the surfactant which are other additives, are included in at least one selected from the liquids (V), (VI) and (VII) as necessary.
- the chemical mechanical polishing method according to this embodiment is characterized by polishing a surface to be polished having at least a low dielectric constant insulating film using the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion.
- the chemical mechanical polishing method according to this embodiment can be applied to a wide range of chemical mechanical polishing processes for manufacturing a semiconductor device, but is particularly suitable for a process of polishing a surface to be polished having a low dielectric constant insulating film.
- the low dielectric constant insulating film usually has a porous structure in order to achieve the low dielectric constant, and when polished with a conventional chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion, the polishing rate becomes too high. Sometimes.
- a polishing target surface having a low dielectric constant insulating film is polished using the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion according to the present embodiment, electrical characteristics such as dielectric constant are not changed while maintaining a practical polishing rate. Can be polished. Further, according to the chemical mechanical polishing method of the present invention, a metal film such as copper and a barrier metal film such as tantalum, titanium, ruthenium, cobalt, and nitrides thereof can be polished at a practical polishing rate. .
- a commercially available chemical mechanical polishing apparatus can be used.
- a commercially available chemical mechanical polishing apparatus for example, model “EPO-112”, “EPO-222” manufactured by Ebara Manufacturing Co., Ltd .; model “LGP-510”, “LGP-552” manufactured by Lapmaster SFT, Applied Materials Manufactured, model “Mirra” and the like.
- aqueous dispersion containing inorganic particles 4.1.1 Preparation of aqueous dispersion containing colloidal silica particles 70 parts by mass of ammonia water having a concentration of 25% by mass, 40 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water, 170 parts by mass of ethanol, and 20 parts by mass of tetraethoxysilane was charged into a flask and heated to 60 ° C. while stirring at a rotation speed of 180 rpm. After stirring while maintaining the temperature at 60 ° C., the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain an alcohol dispersion of colloidal silica particles.
- aqueous dispersion “C1” containing 20% by mass of colloidal silica particles was prepared.
- the colloidal silica particles C1 contained in this aqueous dispersion were observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., model “H-7500”), and the average primary particle diameter was 25 nm.
- the average secondary particle size was 50 nm as measured using a typical light scattering particle size distribution analyzer (Horiba Seisakusho, model number “HORIBA LB550”).
- an aqueous dispersion containing 20% by mass of colloidal silica particles (average primary particle size 35 nm, average secondary particle size 90 nm) by varying the amounts of ammonia water, ethanol and tetraethoxysilane used and the temperature during stirring.
- An aqueous dispersion “C3” containing 20% by mass of “C2” and colloidal silica particles (average primary particle size 35 nm, average secondary particle size 70 nm) was prepared.
- aqueous dispersion “C4” containing colloidal silica particles was prepared by the following method. No. 3 water glass (silica concentration: 24% by mass) was diluted with water to obtain a diluted sodium silicate aqueous solution having a silica concentration of 3.0% by mass. This diluted sodium silicate aqueous solution was passed through a hydrogen-type cation exchange resin layer to obtain an active silicic acid aqueous solution of pH 3.1 from which most of the sodium ions were removed. Thereafter, 10% by weight aqueous potassium hydroxide solution was immediately added with stirring to adjust the pH to 7.2, followed by further heating and boiling for 3 hours.
- the dispersion aqueous solution containing the silica particles is concentrated under reduced pressure (boiling point 78 ° C.), and the silica concentration is 32.0 mass%, the average particle diameter of silica is 26 nm, and the pH is 9.8.
- silica particle dispersion is again passed through the hydrogen-type cation exchange resin layer to remove most of sodium, and then a 10% by mass potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is added, and an aqueous dispersion containing 28% by mass colloidal silica particles. “C4” was prepared.
- aqueous dispersion containing organic particles 90 parts by mass of methyl methacrylate, 5 parts by mass of methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name “NK Ester M-90G”, # 400) 4 parts by mass of 4-vinylpyridine, 2 parts by mass of an azo polymerization initiator (trade name “V50”, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 400 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water are placed in a flask and stirred in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. The temperature was raised to 70 ° C. The mixture was held for 6 hours while stirring at this temperature.
- the reaction mixture was diluted with ion-exchanged water to obtain an aqueous dispersion containing 10% by mass of polymethyl methacrylate-based particles having an amino group cation and a polyethylene glycol chain having an average particle diameter of 150 nm.
- the polymerization yield was 95%.
- a graft polymer “Marialim AFB-1521” having an anionic functional group in which the type of monomer is changed (manufactured by NOF Corporation, Mw; 130,000 (hereinafter referred to as “P2”)), “Marialim AKM-053”. ”(Manufactured by NOF Corporation, Mw; 10,000 (hereinafter referred to as“ P3 ”)) was also used.
- ion-exchanged water 600 g was charged into a separable flask, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. while stirring, and 60 g of 1.0% ammonium persulfate was added. When the liquid temperature reached 75 ° C., 100 g of ion-exchanged water was added to a solution prepared by adding acrylic acid and a monomer having a molar ratio shown in Table 4 to a total mass of 150 g, and then adding 3 g of the solution. It was added continuously over time.
- Dispersion B When the total mass of the chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion is 100% by mass, the graft polymer P3 having an anionic functional group is 0.4% by mass, and the maleic acid is 2.%. 4 hours by weight, ion-exchanged water added so that the amount of quinolinic acid is 0.2% by weight, polyacrylic acid (Mw; 1,200,000) is 0.8% by weight, and the total amount of components is 100% by weight. After stirring, the mixture was filtered through a filter having a pore size of 5 ⁇ m, and KOH was added so that the pH was about 12.6 to obtain a composition B-1 shown in Table 3.
- composition B-1 and composition B-2 were stored at room temperature for 2 months. After storage, 50 parts by mass of Composition B-1 and 50 parts by mass of Composition B-2 were mixed immediately before use and diluted with water to prepare Dispersion B shown in Table 1.
- Dispersions C to N were prepared in the same manner as Dispersion A, except that the types of polymers and the components added were changed to the compositions shown in Table 1 or Table 2. did.
- PAA polyacrylic acid (Mw; 1.2 million)
- MDPOE 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol dipolyoxyethylene.
- ASDK dipotassium alkenyl succinate.
- Polishing speed measurement substrate 8-inch thermal oxide film silicon substrate on which a copper film having a thickness of 15,000 angstroms is laminated.
- An 8-inch silicon substrate on which a porous MSQ type low dielectric insulating material (manufactured by JSR, product number LKD5525 (relative dielectric constant k 2.2)) is formed with a film thickness of 5,000 angstroms.
- polishing conditions and head rotation speed 130 rpm ⁇ Platen rotation speed: 130rpm Head load: 1.5 psi -Supply rate of chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion: 200 ml / min
- the supply rate of chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion in this case refers to a value obtained by assigning the total supply amount of all supply liquids per unit time.
- the film thickness after polishing treatment was measured by using an optical interference film thickness measuring device (manufactured by Nanometrics Japan, model “Nanospec 6100”), and the film thickness and polishing time decreased by chemical mechanical polishing. From this, the polishing rate was calculated.
- the temperature was raised to 200 ° C. under dry air to 200 ° C., and the relative dielectric constant of the low dielectric constant insulating film at 200 ° C. was measured by the same operation as described above.
- the evaluation item “Cu / LKD” in the table represents the polishing rate ratio between Cu and LKD.
- the polishing rate ratio between Cu and LKD is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 in order to ensure flatness in the polishing operation of the actual device, and is indicated by “ ⁇ ” in the evaluation in the table.
- the case where the polishing rate ratio is in the range of 2 to 9 is most preferable, and “ ⁇ ⁇ ” is indicated in the evaluation in the table.
- the speed ratio is out of the above range, it is impossible to adapt to an actual device, and “ ⁇ ” is indicated to evaluate the planarization performance.
- the evaluation item “k value (200 ° C.)” in the table represents the relative dielectric constant at 200 ° C. after polishing
- the evaluation item “Dk” in the table represents the difference in relative dielectric constant at 25 ° C. and 200 ° C. after polishing.
- the Dk value is one of the indexes indicating the damage of the low dielectric constant insulating film after polishing, and the larger the Dk value, the greater the damage.
- the Dk value is preferably in the range of 0 to 1, and is indicated as “ ⁇ ” in the evaluation in the table.
- the table when it was out of the above Dk value range, it was not possible to adapt to an actual device, and “ ⁇ ” was written to evaluate the polishing performance to the electrical characteristics.
- the evaluation item “number of scratches” in the table is more preferably in the range of 0 to 10 in order to ensure a good polishing process in the device polishing operation, and in the evaluation in the table it is expressed as “O”. ing. Further, when the number of scratches is in the range of 10 to 20, there is a possibility that adaptation to an actual device may not be possible, so “ ⁇ ” is indicated in the evaluation in the table. In addition, in the table, when it was out of the above-mentioned scratch number range, it was not possible to adapt to an actual device, and “x” was written to evaluate the defect performance.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 do not contain a graft polymer having an anionic functional group in the trunk polymer portion, good results have not been obtained.
- the effect of the present invention can be achieved by using a chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion containing (A) a graft polymer having an anionic functional group in the trunk polymer portion and (B) abrasive grains. all right.
Abstract
Description
本発明に係る化学機械研磨用水系分散体において、前記(A)グラフトポリマーは、下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含有するポリマーであることができる。
本発明に係る化学機械研磨用水系分散体において、前記(A)グラフトポリマーの重量平均分子量は、50,000~800,000であることができる。
まず、本発明の一実施形態に係る化学機械研磨用水系分散体を構成する各成分について説明する。
本実施形態に用いられるグラフトポリマーは、幹ポリマー部にアニオン性官能基を有する。
本実施形態に用いられるグラフトポリマーは、さらに下記式(3)または下記式(4)または下記式(5)で表される繰り返し単位を含むポリマーであることが好ましい。また、下記式(3)または下記式(4)または下記式(5)で表される繰り返し単位を含むポリマーは、前記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位と下記式(3)または下記式(4)または下記式(5)で表される繰り返し単位がランダムに結合したポリマーであってもよく、前記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位と下記式(3)または下記式(4)または下記式(5)で表される繰り返し単位のブロックコポリマーであってもよい。
グラフトポリマーが前記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位と前記式(3)または前記式(4)で表される繰り返し単位を共に含むポリマーである場合、前記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位のモル数をa、前記式(3)または前記式(4)または前記式(5)で表される繰り返し単位のモル数をbとして表記すると、a/b=1/20~20/1の比率であっても十分な性能を得ることができるが、好ましくはa/b=1/10~10/1、より好ましくはa/b=1/1~3/1、特に好ましくはa/b=1/1の比率である場合に良好な結果を得ることができる。
本実施形態に用いられる砥粒としては、無機粒子、有機粒子および有機無機複合粒子から選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
1.3.1 酸化剤
本実施形態に係る化学機械研磨用水系分散体は、さらに酸化剤を含有することができる。酸化剤としては、例えば、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、過酸化水素、硝酸第二鉄、硝酸二アンモニウムセリウム、硫酸鉄、オゾンおよび過ヨウ素酸カリウム、過酢酸などが挙げられる。これらの酸化剤は1種単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また、これらの酸化剤のうち、酸化力、保護膜との相性、および取り扱いやすさなどを考慮すると、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、および過酸化水素が特に好ましい。酸化剤の含有量は、化学機械研磨用水系分散体の質量に対して、好ましくは0.05~5質量%であり、より好ましくは0.08~3質量%である。酸化剤の含有量が0.05質量%未満の場合には、十分な研磨速度を確保できないことがあり、一方、5質量%を超えると、Cu膜などの金属膜の腐食やディッシングが大きくなるおそれがある。
本実施形態に係る化学機械研磨用水系分散体は、さらに有機酸を含有することができる。有機酸としては、ギ酸、乳酸、酢酸、酒石酸、フマル酸、グリコール酸、フタル酸、マレイン酸、シュウ酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、アントラニル酸、マロン酸およびグルタル酸、少なくとも1個のN原子を含む複素六員環を含む有機酸、複素五員環からなるヘテロ環化合物を含む有機酸が挙げられる。より具体的には、キナルジン酸、キノリン酸、8-キノリノール、8-アミノキノリン、キノリン-8-カルボン酸、2-ピリジンカルボン酸、キサンツレン酸、キヌレン酸、ベンゾトリアゾール、ベンゾイミダゾール、7-ヒドリキシ-5-メチル-1,3,4-トリアザインドリジン、ニコチン酸、およびピコリオン酸などが好ましい。
本実施形態に係る化学機械研磨用水系分散体は、さらに上記の(A)グラフトポリマーとは異なる水溶性高分子を含むことができる。本発明において併用することのできる水溶性高分子としては、例えば、ポリアクリル酸およびその塩、ポリメタクリル酸およびその塩、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルピロリドン等が挙げられる。これらの水溶性高分子は、GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)によって測定された、ポリエチレングリコール換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)が1000よりも大きく、好ましくは1万~200万であり、より好ましくは20万~150万であり、特に好ましくは50万~130万である。重量平均分子量が上記範囲にあると、金属膜や絶縁膜に対して高い研磨速度を維持しながら、金属膜スクラッチ等のディフェクトを抑制することができる。重量平均分子量が上記下限より小さいと金属膜や絶縁膜の研磨選択性が低下することがある。また、重量平均分子量が大きすぎると実用的な金属膜研磨速度が得られず、スラリー供給装置内で砥粒の凝集を引き起こし、凝集した砥粒によってCu上のスクラッチが増加するおそれがある。
本実施形態に係る化学機械研磨用水系分散体は、必要に応じて非イオン性界面活性剤、アニオン界面活性剤またはカチオン界面活性剤を含有することができる。上記非イオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、ポリエチレングリコール型非イオン性界面活性剤や三重結合を有する非イオン性界面活性剤が挙げられる。具体的には、ポリエチレングリコール型非イオン性界面活性剤としてはポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル等が挙げられる。また、三重結合を有する非イオン性界面活性剤としては、アセチレングリコールおよびそのエチレンオキサイド付加物、アセチレンアルコールなどが挙げられる。また、シリコーン系界面活性剤、ポリビニルアルコール、シクロデキストリン、ポリビニルメチルエーテル、およびヒドロキシエチルセルロースなども挙げられる。上記アニオン界面活性剤としては、例えば、脂肪族せっけん、硫酸エステル塩、およびリン酸エステル塩などが挙げられる。上記カチオン界面活性剤としては、例えば、脂肪族アミン塩および脂肪族アンモニウム塩などが挙げられる。これらの界面活性剤は、1種単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
本実施形態に係る化学機械研磨用水系分散体は、上記成分が水に溶解または分散した水系分散体であり、その粘度は10mPa・s未満であることが好ましい。粘度は上記の水溶性高分子の平均分子量および含有量をコントロールすることによって調整することができる。化学機械研磨用水系分散体の粘度が上記範囲を超えると研磨布上に安定してスラリーを供給できないことがある。その結果、研磨布の温度上昇や研磨むら(面内均一性の劣化)などが生じて、金属膜および絶縁膜の研磨速度やCuディッシングにばらつきが発生することがある。
水に、上記(A)グラフトポリマー、(B)砥粒、およびその他の添加剤を添加して化学機械研磨用水系分散体を調製し、これをそのまま化学機械研磨に使用してもよいが、各成分を高濃度で含有する化学機械研磨用水系分散体、すなわち濃縮された水系分散体を調製し、使用時にこれを所望の濃度に希釈して化学機械研磨に使用してもよい。
本実施形態に係る第1の化学機械研磨用水系分散体調製用キット(以下、単に「キット」ともいう。)は、水、(A)グラフトポリマーおよび(B)砥粒を含む水系分散体である液(I)と、水および酸化剤を含む液(II)とからなり、これらの液を混合して上記化学機械研磨用水系分散体を調製するためのキットである。
本実施形態に係る第2のキットは、水および(A)グラフトポリマーを含む液(III)と、水および(B)砥粒を含む水系分散体である液(IV)とからなり、これらの液を混合して上記化学機械研磨用水系分散体を調製するためのキットである。また、酸化剤は、上記液(III)および(IV)のいずれか一方または双方に含まれる。
本実施形態に係る第3のキットは、水および上記(A)グラフトポリマーを含む液(V)、水および上記(B)砥粒を含む水系分散体である液(VI)、および水および酸化剤を含む液(VII)からなり、これらの液を混合して上記化学機械研磨用水系分散体を調製するためのキットである。
本実施形態に係る化学機械研磨方法は、上記の化学機械研磨用水系分散体を用いて、少なくとも低誘電率絶縁膜を有する被研磨面を研磨することを特徴とする。本実施形態に係る化学機械研磨方法は、半導体装置を製造する広範囲の化学機械研磨工程に適用することができるが、特に低誘電率絶縁膜を有する被研磨面を研磨する工程において好適である。上述したように、低誘電率絶縁膜はその低誘電率を実現するために通常ポーラスな構造を有しており、従来の化学機械研磨用水系分散体で研磨すると研磨速度が大きくなりすぎてしまうことがある。本実施形態に係る化学機械研磨用水系分散体を用いて低誘電率絶縁膜を有する被研磨面を研磨すると、実用的な研磨速度に維持した状態で、誘電率などの電気特性を変化させずに研磨することができる。また、本発明に係る化学機械研磨方法によれば、銅などの金属膜およびタンタル、チタン、ルテニウム、コバルトおよびそれらの窒化物などのバリアメタル膜についても実用的な研磨速度で研磨することができる。
以下、本発明を実施例により説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。
4.1.1 コロイダルシリカ粒子を含む水分散体の調製
濃度25質量%のアンモニア水70質量部、イオン交換水40質量部、エタノール170質量部およびテトラエトキシシラン20質量部を、フラスコに仕込み、回転速度180rpmで撹拌しながら60℃に昇温した。温度を60℃に維持しながら撹拌した後、室温まで冷却して、コロイダルシリカ粒子のアルコール分散体を得た。
メチルメタクリレ-ト90質量部、メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(新中村化学工業社製、商品名「NKエステルM-90G」、#400)5質量部、4-ビニルピリジン5質量部、アゾ系重合開始剤(和光純薬工業社製、商品名「V50」)2質量部およびイオン交換水400質量部を、フラスコに仕込み、窒素ガス雰囲気下で撹拌しながら70℃に昇温した。この温度で撹拌しつつ6時間保持した。この反応混合物をイオン交換水で希釈することにより平均粒子径150nmの、アミノ基の陽イオンおよびポリエチレングリコール鎖を有するポリメチルメタクリレート系粒子を10質量%含む水分散体を得た。重合収率は95%であった。
アニオン性官能基を有するグラフトポリマーは、日油社製、品番「マリアリムAKM1511-60」(以下、「P1」とする。)を使用した。このP1をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(Waters社製、装置型番「Alliance 2695」、カラム型番「G4000HXL+G2000HXL」、溶離液はTHF)にて測定した結果、ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)は3,700であった。また、モノマーの種類を変更したアニオン性官能基を有するグラフトポリマー「マリアリムAFB-1521」(日油社製、Mw;130,000(以下、「P2」とする。))、「マリアリムAKM-0531」(日油社製、Mw;10,000(以下、「P3」とする。))も使用した。
4.4.1 分散体Aの調製
化学機械研磨用水系分散体の全質量を100質量%とした場合に、アニオン性官能基を有するグラフトポリマーP1を0.2質量%、コロイダルシリカ水分散体C3を5質量%、マレイン酸を0.8質量%、ポリアクリル酸(Mw;120万)を0.2質量%、全構成成分の量が100質量%となるようにイオン交換水を加えて1時間撹拌した後、孔径5μmのフィルターでろ過し、KOHでpHを9.5に調整し、表1に記載の分散体Aを得た。なお、表1に記載されている各成分の含有量の単位は質量%であり、表記載成分以外の分散体成分は水である。
化学機械研磨用水系分散体の全質量を100質量%とした場合に、アニオン性官能基を有するグラフトポリマーP3を0.4質量%、マレイン酸を2.4質量%、キノリン酸を0.2質量%、ポリアクリル酸(Mw;120万)を0.8質量%、全構成成分の量が100質量%となるようにイオン交換水を加えて1時間撹拌した後、孔径5μmのフィルターでろ過し、pHが約12.6となるようにKOHを添加して表3に記載の組成物B-1を得た。一方、コロイダルシリカC2を18.0質量%、全構成成分の量が100質量%となるようにイオン交換水を加え、1時間撹拌して孔径5μmのフィルターでろ過し、pHが約10.0となるようにKOHを添加して表3に記載の組成物B-2を得た。なお、分散体Aおよび分散体Bをキットとして使用した場合の態様を表3に表す。
ポリマーの種類および添加成分を表1または表2に示す組成に変更した以外は、分散体Aの調製方法と同様にして分散体CないしNを調製した。なお、表1および表2において「PAA」はポリアクリル酸(Mw;120万)、「MDPOE」は2,4,7,9-テトラメチル-5-デシン-4,7-ジオールジポリオキシエチレンエーテル、「ASDK」はアルケニルコハク酸ジカリウムを示す。
4.5.1 研磨速度、比誘電率およびスクラッチの評価
化学機械研磨装置(アプライドマテリアルズ社製、型式「Mirra」)に多孔質ポリウレタン製研磨パッド(ロデール・ニッタ社製、品番「IC1000」)を装着し、所定の化学機械研磨用水系分散体を供給しつつ、下記の各種研磨速度測定用基板につき、下記の研磨条件にて1分間研磨処理を行い、下記の手法によって研磨速度を算出した。
・膜厚15,000オングストロームの銅膜が積層された8インチ熱酸化膜付きシリコン基板。
・膜厚2,000オングストロームの窒化タンタル膜が積層された8インチ熱酸化膜付きシリコン基板。
・多孔質構造のMSQタイプ低誘電絶縁材料(JSR社製、品番LKD5525(比誘電率k=2.2))が膜厚5,000オングストロームで成膜された8インチシリコン基板。
・ヘッド回転数:130rpm
・プラテン回転数:130rpm
・ヘッド荷重:1.5psi
・化学機械研磨水系分散体の供給速度:200ml/分
この場合における化学機械研磨用水系分散体の供給速度とは、全供給液の供給量の合計を単位時間当たりで割り付けた値をいう。
銅膜および窒化タンタル膜については、電気伝導式膜厚測定器(ケーエルエー・テンコール社製、形式「オムニマップRS75」)を用いて、研磨処理後の膜厚を測定し、化学機械研磨により減少した膜厚および研磨時間から研磨速度を算出した。
比誘電率の測定方法としては、蒸着装置(ULAVX社製、型式「VPC-410」)を用いて、アルミニウム電極を膜状に蒸着し、電極面積を測定した。アルミニウム電極と測定対象となる絶縁膜とが設置されたホットプレートを電極として、測定装置(Hewlett Packard社製、型式「4284A」)を用いて、その間に電気容量を100kHz、1Vにて25℃における低誘電率絶縁膜の比誘電率を測定した。
比誘電率測定において、研磨後の25℃および200℃における比誘電率を測定した結果、その差(Dk)を計算することで、低誘電率絶縁膜が受けるダメージの大きさがわかる。この場合、Dkが大きい程、低誘電率絶縁膜が大きなダメージを受けていることを示す。研磨後の200℃における比誘電率と研磨前の比誘電率との差が大きい場合もまた、低誘電率絶縁膜がダメージを受けやすいことを示す。これらの2つの観点から、低誘電率絶縁膜が受けるダメージの大きさを見積もった。
研磨処理後の低誘電率絶縁膜について、光学顕微鏡を用い暗視野にて、範囲120μm×120μmの単位領域をランダムに200箇所観察し、単位領域当たりのスクラッチ数を測定した。
実施例1~11から、本願発明の化学機械研磨用水系分散体が幹ポリマー部にアニオン性官能基を有するグラフトポリマーを含むことで良好な研磨性能を示すことが明らかとなった。特に重量平均分子量が50,000~800,000の範囲内にあるアニオン性官能基を有するグラフトポリマー(P2、P4、P5、P6、P7、P8)を含有することで、スクラッチの発生を大幅に低減できることが明らかとなった。また、実施例2の結果から、本発明の化学機械研磨用水系分散体がキットとして使用することで貯蔵安定性に優れた化学機械研磨用水系分散体を調製できることが明らかとなった。
Claims (9)
- (A)幹ポリマー部にアニオン性官能基を有するグラフトポリマーと、
(B)砥粒と、
を含む、化学機械研磨用水系分散体。 - 請求項1において、
前記(A)グラフトポリマーは、カルボキシル基を有する幹ポリマー部と有機溶剤可溶性の枝ポリマー部とを有し、前記幹ポリマー部1分子に対して前記枝ポリマーを2分子以上グラフト結合させたポリマーである、化学機械研磨用水系分散体。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記(A)グラフトポリマーは、下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含有するポリマーである、化学機械研磨用水系分散体。
- 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記(A)グラフトポリマーは、下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含有するポリマーである、化学機械研磨用水系分散体。
- 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項において、
前記(A)グラフトポリマーの重量平均分子量は、50,000~800,000である、化学機械研磨用水系分散体。 - 請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項において、
前記(A)グラフトポリマーの含有量は、0.001質量%~1.0質量%である、化学機械研磨用水系分散体。 - 請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項において、
前記(B)砥粒は、コロイダルシリカである、化学機械研磨用水系分散体。 - 請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項において、
前記(A)グラフトポリマーと(B)砥粒との含有比率(A):(B)は、1:0.1~1:10000である、化学機械研磨用水系分散体。 - 請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の化学機械研磨用水系分散体を用いて、少なくとも低誘電率絶縁膜を有する被研磨面を研磨する、化学機械研磨方法。
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JP2011161599A (ja) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-25 | Kao Corp | 磁気ディスク基板用研磨液組成物 |
CN102604542A (zh) * | 2012-02-21 | 2012-07-25 | 复旦大学 | 基于铜互连中以金属钌作为粘附阻挡层的抛光工艺的抛光液 |
JP2014229827A (ja) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-12-08 | Jsr株式会社 | 化学機械研磨用水系分散体および化学機械研磨方法 |
JP2016529356A (ja) * | 2013-07-18 | 2016-09-23 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | セリアを含有する研磨粒子を含むcmp組成物 |
JP2015043371A (ja) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-05 | 日立化成株式会社 | 金属用研磨液及び研磨方法 |
JPWO2015129342A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-26 | 2017-03-30 | 株式会社フジミインコーポレーテッド | 研磨用組成物 |
WO2015129342A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-09-03 | 株式会社フジミインコーポレーテッド | 研磨用組成物 |
US10059860B2 (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2018-08-28 | Fujimi Incorporated | Polishing composition |
JP2016115809A (ja) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-06-23 | 花王株式会社 | 半導体基板用研磨液組成物 |
JP2016122803A (ja) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-07-07 | 花王株式会社 | シリコンウェーハ用研磨液組成物 |
WO2017043139A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-16 | 日立化成株式会社 | 研磨液、研磨液セット及び基体の研磨方法 |
JPWO2017043139A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-09 | 2018-06-21 | 日立化成株式会社 | 研磨液、研磨液セット及び基体の研磨方法 |
US11046869B2 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2021-06-29 | Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd. | Polishing liquid, polishing liquid set, and substrate polishing method |
CN106118495A (zh) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-11-16 | 河北工业大学 | 用于抑制铜钌阻挡层电偶腐蚀的碱性抛光液及其制备方法 |
WO2023084951A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-05-19 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 化学機械研磨用の添加剤及びその製造方法、並びに、研磨液組成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI441907B (zh) | 2014-06-21 |
KR20100115740A (ko) | 2010-10-28 |
KR101461261B1 (ko) | 2014-11-12 |
CN101946309A (zh) | 2011-01-12 |
US20110059680A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
US8741008B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
JPWO2009104334A1 (ja) | 2011-06-16 |
TW200936738A (en) | 2009-09-01 |
JP5240478B2 (ja) | 2013-07-17 |
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