WO2009096073A1 - Dc-dcコンバータ - Google Patents
Dc-dcコンバータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009096073A1 WO2009096073A1 PCT/JP2008/068732 JP2008068732W WO2009096073A1 WO 2009096073 A1 WO2009096073 A1 WO 2009096073A1 JP 2008068732 W JP2008068732 W JP 2008068732W WO 2009096073 A1 WO2009096073 A1 WO 2009096073A1
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- converter
- side synchronous
- synchronous rectification
- voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a DC-DC converter which is used in, for example, a hybrid vehicle and can measure the effective capacity of a 12V lead-acid battery similar to that mounted on a conventional gasoline vehicle and detect a characteristic deterioration state. It is.
- the secondary battery In general, as the secondary battery is repeatedly charged and discharged, its effective capacity decreases due to deterioration of internal physicochemical characteristics. When the effective capacity is reduced to some extent, the secondary battery is considered to have reached the end of its life, and the secondary battery is replaced.
- hybrid cars equipped with both gasoline engines and electric motors are becoming popular.
- a hybrid car drives a gasoline engine in an area where there is little acceleration / deceleration on a highway, etc. and fuel efficiency, and generates electric power with an electric motor and stores it in a secondary battery such as a lithium-ion battery.
- the vehicle is driven by receiving electric power from a lithium ion battery and driving an electric motor.
- a lithium ion battery that supplies electric power to an electric motor for running the car generates a voltage of about 300 to 400V.
- a lead storage battery output voltage 12 V
- an alternator generator
- the lead-acid battery is charged while the engine is running.
- an electric motor is already attached. However, it is useless in terms of space to attach another alternator. Therefore, a voltage of about 300 to 400 V generated by the electric motor is stepped down by a DC-DC converter to generate a voltage of 12 V, thereby enabling charging of the lead storage battery without an alternator.
- the lead-acid battery is “battery-powered”, the gasoline engine cannot be started. Therefore, as with a gasoline-powered car, the lead-acid battery will run out and the car will “not move”. Even if a gasoline engine is started with a lithium ion battery, the DC-DC converter does not have a current capacity for driving the cell motor, and the gasoline engine cannot be started. As described above, even in a hybrid car, it is important to measure the effective capacity of a lead-acid battery, detect a characteristic deterioration state, that is, determine whether or not it is in an end-of-life state and predict the end of the life.
- Patent Document 1 is disclosed as one of devices for measuring the effective capacity of a battery.
- the apparatus of this patent document 1 is demonstrated based on FIG.
- This device includes a microcomputer 1, a charger 3 for charging a secondary battery 2, an A / D converter 4, a constant current load 5, a display device 7, a condition setting unit 6, and an external device 8.
- the battery 2 is connected to the charger 3 via the switch 10 and is connected to the constant current load 5 via the switch 11.
- the A / D converter 4 and the constant current load 5 are used for measuring the discharge characteristics of the secondary battery 2 after the end of charging.
- a constant current load having a value in accordance with a load current value command from the microcomputer 1 is adjusted, the switch 11 is turned on, and the constant current load 5 is connected to the secondary battery 2.
- the switch 10 connected to the charger 3 is turned off.
- Patent Document 1 a conventional device for measuring the effective capacity of a secondary battery needs to have a measurement circuit separately from the charging circuit. And cost burden increases.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a DC-DC converter capable of measuring an effective capacity of a secondary battery or detecting a characteristic deterioration state with a circuit for charging a secondary battery without providing a dedicated circuit. It is in.
- a DC-DC converter that converts a voltage of an input power source connected to an input terminal and charges a secondary battery connected to an output terminal
- the DC-DC converter constitutes a synchronous rectification circuit including a rectification side synchronous rectification element and a commutation side synchronous rectification element, Electric energy is accumulated during a period in which the rectification side synchronous rectification element is on and the commutation side synchronous rectification element is off, and the rectification side synchronous rectification element is off and the commutation side synchronous rectification element is on.
- An inductor that discharges the stored electrical energy in a period, a capacitor that smoothes the voltage rectified by the synchronous rectifier circuit, and an output voltage detection circuit that detects an output voltage of the output terminal,
- a closed loop including the commutation side synchronous rectification element, the inductor, and the secondary battery, and the output Characteristic evaluation means for measuring the effective capacity of the secondary battery or detecting a characteristic deterioration state based on a drop or slope of the drop of the voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit when energized.
- a switch element that is cut off at the time of evaluation by the characteristic evaluation means may be connected in series to the capacitor. This prevents resonance caused by the inductance component of the inductor or line and the capacitor, thereby preventing an excessive voltage from being applied to the rectifying side synchronous rectifying element or the commutating side synchronous rectifying element.
- An overcurrent circuit breaker (for example, a fuse) is provided between the output terminal of the DC-DC converter and the secondary battery, and it is detected that no current flows in the closed loop during the evaluation by the characteristic evaluation unit. By doing so, there may be provided means for detecting the breaking state of the overcurrent breaker.
- the characteristic evaluation unit measures, for example, the effective capacity of the secondary battery or detects a characteristic deterioration state within a predetermined time before starting the converter operation. As a result, since the evaluation can be made before the charging of the secondary battery is started, the effective capacity of the secondary battery can be measured or the characteristic deterioration state can be detected more accurately. In addition, since the function of charging the secondary battery inherent in the DC-DC converter is not hindered, the charging performance of the secondary battery is not deteriorated.
- the input power source is a secondary battery having a higher output voltage than the secondary battery, which is charged by a generator, for example.
- a hybrid battery such as a hybrid car is equipped with a high-voltage, large-capacity lithium-ion battery and a circuit configuration that charges a lead-acid battery for driving a cell motor that starts a gasoline engine with a DC-DC converter. It can be applied without adding an additional circuit.
- the present invention it is possible to effectively use the DC-DC converter circuit necessary for charging the secondary battery, and to measure the effective capacity of the secondary battery or to check the deterioration of the characteristics without providing a special dedicated circuit. Can be detected. For this reason, it is possible to avoid problems due to a decrease in the effective capacity of the secondary battery without increasing the space and increasing the cost.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a DC-DC converter according to a first embodiment including a peripheral circuit portion thereof.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the electric current path at the time of the normal operation
- FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of each part from immediately after startup of the switching control circuit of the DC-DC converter according to the first embodiment to normal operation.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a DC-DC converter according to a second embodiment including a peripheral circuit portion thereof.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a DC-DC converter according to a third embodiment including a peripheral circuit portion thereof. It is a figure showing the structure of the DC-DC converter which concerns on 4th Embodiment also including the peripheral circuit part.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the circuit configuration of the DC-DC converter according to the first embodiment including its peripheral circuits.
- This circuit is a charge / discharge circuit system of a hybrid car, and includes an electric motor (generator) 21, a first secondary battery B1, and a second secondary battery B2.
- the electric motor (generator) 21 acts as a generator during traveling on a gasoline engine, and acts as an electric motor when driven by a lithium ion battery.
- a charge / discharge control circuit 22 is provided between the electric motor (generator) 21 and the first secondary battery B1.
- a switch circuit 23 is provided between the first secondary battery B1 and the input portion of the DC-DC converter 101.
- a second secondary battery B 2 is connected to the output side of the DC-DC converter 101 via a fuse 24.
- the inductance of the line between the output part of the DC-DC converter 101 and the second secondary battery B2 is represented as a parasitic inductor Lp.
- the load (various electrical components) 25 is connected to the second secondary battery B2 and the DC-DC converter 101 via the switch SW.
- the DC-DC converter 101 converts the voltage of the input power source connected to the input terminal, and charges the second secondary battery B2 connected to the output terminal.
- a host controller 35 is connected to the DC-DC converter 101.
- the host controller 35 controls various control circuits and displays various states on the display 36. For example, the effective capacity of the second secondary battery B2, which will be described later, or the state of whether or not the end of life has been reached is displayed.
- the DC-DC converter 101 includes a transformer T, and a switching circuit FB including four switch elements QA, QB, QC, and QD and a smoothing capacitor C1 are provided on the primary side thereof.
- a synchronous rectification circuit including a rectification side synchronous rectification element Q21, a commutation side synchronous rectification element Q22, an inductor L1, and a capacitor C2 is configured.
- An output voltage detection circuit using resistors R1 and R2 is provided between the output terminals.
- the switching control circuit 31 outputs a control signal to the drive circuit 33 through an insulation circuit 32 such as a pulse transformer.
- the drive circuit 33 drives a switching circuit FB including four switch elements QA, QB, QC, and QD with a predetermined on-duty ratio. Further, the switching control circuit 31 performs synchronous rectification by turning on / off the rectification side synchronous rectification element Q21 and the commutation side synchronous rectification element Q22 in synchronization with the drive timing of the switching circuit FB.
- the switching control circuit 31 receives the output voltage detection voltage Vout and controls the on-duty ratio of the switching circuit FB so that the output voltage of the DC-DC converter 101 is stabilized.
- FIG. 3 shows the measurement of the effective capacity or the detection of the characteristic deterioration state of the second secondary battery B2 during normal operation of the DC-DC converter 101 shown in FIG. 2 (during charging of the second secondary battery B2).
- the current path during characteristic evaluation is shown. However, only the main part on the secondary side of the transformer T is shown.
- the rectifying side synchronous rectifying element Q21 is turned on in synchronization with the switching elements QA and QD on the primary side of the transformer T being turned on.
- a current Ia flows due to the electromotive voltage of the winding. Electric energy is accumulated in the inductor L1 by the current Ia.
- the commutation side synchronous rectification element Q22 is turned on while the switch elements QA to QD on the primary side of the transformer T are all turned off.
- the current Io flows through a path shown in FIG. 3B, and a discharge path of the second secondary battery B2 is generated.
- the rectifying side synchronous rectifying element Q21 may also be turned on. As a result, current flows along a path indicated by a broken line in the figure.
- FIG. 4B shows the relationship of the output voltage (terminal voltage of the secondary battery B2) Vo with respect to the discharge current Io of the second secondary battery B2.
- the discharge current Io of the second secondary battery B2 flows when the commutation side synchronous rectifier element Q22 is turned on.
- the slope at this time is shown in FIGS. It is determined by the inductances of the inductor L1 and the parasitic inductor Lp shown and the output voltage Vo of the second secondary battery B2.
- the output voltage Vo decreases during the period (Ton) in which Q22 is on, the slope of the current Io has a somewhat peaking shape.
- the output voltage Vo decreases as the current Io changes.
- (1) in the figure is when the effective capacity is large, and (2) is when it is small.
- the voltage after Q22 is turned on at t0 and Ton has elapsed (at t2) is Vd1, and when the effective capacity is small, Vd2.
- the effective capacity is evaluated based on the voltage drop after Ton has elapsed since Q22 was turned on at t0.
- the drop voltage (Vd0-Vd1) is small, and when the effective capacity is small, the drop voltage (Vd0-Vd2) is large.
- the effective capacity is obtained using this.
- the drop voltage exceeds a predetermined value, it is assumed that the life of the second secondary battery B2 has reached the end, and a warning is issued.
- characteristic evaluation may be performed based on the slope of the output voltage Vo in a predetermined period in the on state of Q22. For example, as the simplest example, the difference between the output voltage at the intermediate timing t1 of the ON period Ton of Q22 and the output voltage at the end timing t2 is obtained as the slope of this output voltage change curve. The evaluation is performed because the inclination increases as the effective capacity of the second secondary battery B2 is smaller or the characteristic deterioration state progresses.
- the switching control circuit 31 shown in FIG. 2 outputs the detection voltage Vout (proportional voltage of the output voltage Vo of the second secondary battery B2) by the output terminal voltage detection circuit by the resistors R1 and R2 to the host controller 35.
- the characteristic evaluation may be performed on the host controller 35 side. However, when the switching control circuit 31 is configured by a DSP, A / D conversion is performed therein, the characteristic evaluation is performed by digital calculation, and the result is obtained. Output to the host controller 35.
- the characteristic evaluation includes the determination program. If it is an overcurrent circuit breaker other than the above-mentioned fuse, it acts similarly.
- FIG. 5 shows the state of each part as a waveform over a period from immediately after startup of the switching control circuit 31 shown in FIG. 2 to normal operation.
- the switching control circuit 31 is configured by a DSP
- the switch circuit 23 shown in FIG. 2 is turned on, the switching control circuit 31 is activated by an auxiliary power source (not shown), and the DSP is initially set.
- the commutation side synchronous rectification element Q22 is turned on.
- the rectification side synchronous rectification element Q21 is also turned on.
- a discharge current Io flows.
- Imax is, for example, 150A.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of the DC-DC converter according to the second embodiment together with its peripheral circuits.
- the DC-DC converter 102 differs from the DC-DC converter 101 shown in FIG. 2 in the first embodiment in that a switch element Q3 is provided in series with the capacitor C2.
- the switching control circuit 31 is turned off only when evaluating the characteristics of the second secondary battery B2, and is kept on during normal operation. Other configurations are the same as those shown in FIG.
- the LC resonant operation of the inductor L1 or the parasitic inductor Lp and the capacitor C2 is prevented by blocking the current path flowing through the capacitor C2 only by the switching element Q3 during the characteristic evaluation. That is, when the commutation side synchronous rectification element Q22 is turned on during characteristic evaluation without the switch element Q3 being provided, an excessive voltage may be generated due to the LC resonance. Although there is a possibility that the rectifying side synchronous rectifying element Q21 and the commutation side synchronous rectifying element Q22 may be destroyed by this excessive voltage, it can be prevented by providing the switching element Q3, and the high breakdown voltage Q21, Q22 is reduced. No need to use.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of the DC-DC converter according to the third embodiment together with its peripheral circuits.
- the configuration other than the DC-DC converter 103 shown in FIG. 7 is the same as that of the first and second embodiments.
- the DC-DC converter 103 includes a rectification side synchronous rectification element Q11, a commutation side synchronous rectification element Q12, an inductor L1, and a capacitor C2. These constitute a synchronous rectification circuit.
- an output voltage detection circuit including a smoothing capacitor C1 on the input side and resistors R1 and R2 on the output side is provided.
- the switching control circuit 41 performs synchronous rectification by controlling the rectification side synchronous rectification element Q11 and the commutation side synchronous rectification element Q12. Further, the detection voltage Vout of the output terminal voltage is compared with the reference voltage, and the on-duty of Q11 is controlled so that the output voltage of the DC-DC converter 103 becomes a predetermined voltage. Further, the switching control circuit 41 evaluates the characteristics of the second secondary battery B2, and outputs the evaluation result to the host controller 35.
- the rectification side synchronous rectification element Q11 is turned on when the DC-DC converter 103 is started. Without turning on the commutation side synchronous rectification element Q12, the discharge current Io is caused to flow, and the evaluation is performed in the same manner as the method described in the first embodiment based on the detection voltage Vout of the output terminal voltage.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of the DC-DC converter according to the fourth embodiment together with its peripheral circuits.
- the DC-DC converter 104 differs from the DC-DC converter 103 shown in FIG. 7 in the third embodiment in that a switching element Q3 is provided in series with the capacitor C2.
- the switching control circuit 31 is turned off only when evaluating the characteristics of the second secondary battery B2, and is kept on during normal operation.
- the LC resonant operation of the inductor L1 or the parasitic inductor Lp and the capacitor C2 is prevented by blocking the current path flowing through the capacitor C2 only by the switching element Q3 during the characteristic evaluation. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the commutation side synchronous rectification element Q12 or the rectification side synchronous rectification element Q11 from being destroyed by an excessive voltage due to LC resonance.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
このようにハイブリッドカーにおいても鉛蓄電池の実効容量の測定や特性劣化状態の検知、すなわち寿命末期状態であるか否かの判定や寿命末期に達する時期の予測は重要である。
この装置は、マイコン1、二次電池2を充電するための充電器3、A/D変換器4、定電流負荷5、表示装置7、条件設定部6、および外部装置8を備え、二次電池2はスイッチ10を介して充電器3に接続されるとともに、スイッチ11を介して定電流負荷5に接続されるように構成されている。A/D変換器4および定電流負荷5は、充電終了後に二次電池2の放電特性を測定するために用いられる。この放電測定時には、マイコン1からの負荷電流値の指令に従った値の定電流負荷が調整されるとともに、スイッチ11がオンされて、定電流負荷5が二次電池2に接続される。この時、充電器3につながるスイッチ10はオフされる。
(1)入力端子に接続される入力電源の電圧を変換して、出力端子に接続される二次電池を充電するDC-DCコンバータであって、
前記DC-DCコンバータは整流側同期整流素子および転流側同期整流素子を含む同期整流回路を構成し、
前記整流側同期整流素子がオンし前記転流側同期整流素子がオフしている期間に電気エネルギーを蓄積し、前記整流側同期整流素子がオフし前記転流側同期整流素子がオンしている期間に前記蓄積した電気エネルギーを放出するインダクタと、前記同期整流回路によって整流された電圧を平滑するコンデンサと、前記出力端子の出力電圧を検出する出力電圧検出回路と、を備え、
DC-DCコンバータの非動作時に、前記転流側同期整流素子をオンさせることにより、前記転流側同期整流素子、前記インダクタ、および前記二次電池を備える閉ループに電流を通電するとともに、前記出力電圧検出回路によって検出される電圧の、前記通電時の降下または降下の傾きを基に、前記二次電池の実効容量の測定または特性劣化状態の検知を行う特性評価手段を備えたことを特徴としている。
22-充放電制御回路
23-スイッチ回路
24-ヒューズ
31-スイッチング制御回路
32-絶縁回路
101~104-DC-DCコンバータ
T-トランス
B1-第1の二次電池(リチウムイオン電池)
B2-第2の二次電池(鉛蓄電池)
QA,QB,QC,QD-スイッチ素子
Q11,Q21-整流側同期整流素子
Q12,Q22-転流側同期整流素子
Q3-スイッチ素子
L1-インダクタ
C2-コンデンサ
Lp-寄生インダクタ
Vo-第2の二次電池B2の出力電圧
Vout-出力端子電圧の検出電圧
Io-放電電流
図2は第1の実施形態に係るDC-DCコンバータの回路構成をその周辺回路も含めて表した回路図である。
この回路はハイブリッドカーの充放電回路系であり、電機モータ(発電機)21、第1の二次電池B1および第2の二次電池B2を備えている。
この繰り返しにより同期整流を行う。
図4(B)は第2の二次電池B2の放電電流Ioに対する出力電圧(二次電池B2の端子電圧)Voの関係を表している。第2の二次電池が定格通りの実効容量を備えている場合、特性S1で示すように、放電電流が大きいほど(放電率が高いほど)内部抵抗が増大して出力電圧は低下する。二次電池の特性劣化が進行して実効容量が減少している状態では、特性S2で示すように、比較的放電電流が小さくても(放電率が低くても)出力電圧がより低下することになる。
スイッチング制御回路31がDSPで構成されている場合、図2に示したスイッチ回路23が導通すると、図外の補助電源によってスイッチング制御回路31が起動して、先ずDSPの初期設定を行う。
Ton=Imax×L/V
の関係で定める。
図6は第2の実施形態に係るDC-DCコンバータの構成をその周辺回路とともに表した図である。このDC-DCコンバータ102が、第1の実施形態で図2に示したDC-DCコンバータ101と異なるのは、コンデンサC2に対して直列にスイッチ素子Q3を設けた点である。スイッチング制御回路31は、第2の二次電池B2の特性評価時にのみオフし、通常動作時はオン状態を保つ。その他の構成は図2に示したものと同様である。
第1・第2の実施形態では絶縁型のDC-DCコンバータを例に挙げたが、第3の実施形態では非絶縁型DC-DCコンバータを例に挙げる。
図7は第3の実施形態に係るDC-DCコンバータの構成をその周辺回路とともに表した図である。図7に示すDC-DCコンバータ103以外の構成は第1・第2の実施形態の場合と同様である。DC-DCコンバータ103は、整流側同期整流素子Q11、転流側同期整流素子Q12、インダクタL1、およびコンデンサC2を備え、これらによって同期整流回路を構成している。また、入力側に平滑コンデンサC1、出力側に抵抗R1,R2を備える出力電圧検出回路を備えている。
図8は第4の実施形態に係るDC-DCコンバータの構成をその周辺回路とともに表した図である。このDC-DCコンバータ104が、第3の実施形態で図7に示したDC-DCコンバータ103と異なるのは、コンデンサC2に対して直列にスイッチ素子Q3を設けた点である。スイッチング制御回路31は、第2の二次電池B2の特性評価時にのみオフし、通常動作時はオン状態を保つ。
Claims (6)
- 入力端子に接続される入力電源の電圧を変換して、出力端子に接続される二次電池を充電するDC-DCコンバータであって、
前記DC-DCコンバータは整流側同期整流素子および転流側同期整流素子を含む同期整流回路を構成し、
前記整流側同期整流素子がオンし前記転流側同期整流素子がオフしている期間に電気エネルギーを蓄積し、前記整流側同期整流素子がオフし前記転流側同期整流素子がオンしている期間に前記蓄積した電気エネルギーを放出するインダクタと、前記同期整流回路によって整流された電圧を平滑するコンデンサと、前記出力端子の出力電圧を検出する出力電圧検出回路と、を備え、
DC-DCコンバータの非動作時に、前記転流側同期整流素子をオンさせることにより、前記転流側同期整流素子、前記インダクタ、および前記二次電池を備える閉ループに電流を通電するとともに、前記出力電圧検出回路によって検出される電圧の、前記通電時の降下または降下の傾きを基に、前記二次電池の実効容量の測定または特性劣化状態の検知を行う特性評価手段を備えたことを特徴とするDC-DCコンバータ。 - 前記特性評価手段により前記二次電池が寿命末期に達したことを検知したとき、使用者にその旨を警告する手段を備えた請求項1に記載のDC-DCコンバータ。
- 前記特性評価手段による評価時に遮断されるスイッチ素子を前記コンデンサに対して直列に接続した請求項1または2に記載のDC-DCコンバータ。
- 前記DC-DCコンバータの出力端子と、前記二次電池との間に過電流遮断器を設け、前記特性評価手段による評価時に、前記閉ループに電流が流れないことを検出することによって前記過電流遮断器の遮断状態を検出する手段を備えた請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のDC-DCコンバータ。
- 前記特性評価手段は、コンバータ動作の起動前の所定時間内に前記二次電池の実効容量の測定または特性劣化状態の検知を行う請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のDC-DCコンバータ。
- 前記入力電源は、発電機によって充電される、前記二次電池より出力電圧の高い二次電池である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のDC-DCコンバータ。
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US20100277132A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
CN101926083A (zh) | 2010-12-22 |
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