WO2009093685A1 - 潤滑剤組成物及び機械部材 - Google Patents
潤滑剤組成物及び機械部材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009093685A1 WO2009093685A1 PCT/JP2009/051067 JP2009051067W WO2009093685A1 WO 2009093685 A1 WO2009093685 A1 WO 2009093685A1 JP 2009051067 W JP2009051067 W JP 2009051067W WO 2009093685 A1 WO2009093685 A1 WO 2009093685A1
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- lubricant composition
- composition according
- additive
- rolling
- hydrogen
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
- F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
- F16C33/6688—Lubricant compositions or properties, e.g. viscosity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/006—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as thickening agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
- C10M2215/1026—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates used as thickening material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
- C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
- C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricant composition suitable for lubricating a steel mechanical member that performs rolling and rolling sliding motion, and a mechanical member including the same.
- fuel cell related equipment petroleum refining related equipment such as heavy oil hydrocracking equipment, hydrodesulfurization equipment and hydro reforming equipment, chemicals and other hydrogenation equipment related equipment, nuclear power generation related equipment, fuel For suppressing hydrogen brittle debonding of members used in hydrogen environments such as hydrogen stands for battery cars, hydrogen infrastructure, such as rolling bearings, gears, ball screws, linear guides, linear guide bearings, various gears, cams and various joints It relates to a suitable lubricant composition.
- metal members with high atomic vacancy density induced by plastic deformation are in a state where hydrogen easily penetrates, so they gather in the vicinity of tensile stress concentration parts such as threads and corrosion pits and break down, so-called hydrogen embrittlement.
- Hydrogen stored in metals, particularly steel usually has little effect on the yield strength and tensile strength, but has the property of deteriorating ductility and toughness. Therefore, the higher the strength of the metal member, the higher the sensitivity of the material to hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore, high strength steel requires special attention to hydrogen.
- Patent Document 3 It has been proposed to add a specific thickener, a passivating oxidizing agent and an organic sulfonate to a specific base oil (for example, Patent Document 3). It has been proposed to add an azo compound that absorbs hydrogen as a grease to be sealed in a tribological metal material, various members, and a bearing used in a portion where water easily enters (for example, Patent Document 4). Grease with fluorinated polymer oil added to base oil, polytetrafluoroethylene and conductive material added to base oil for long-life rolling bearings without peeling due to hydrogen embrittlement even when water enters. A composition has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 5).
- Non-Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 1
- Patent Document 6 describes that addition of an organic sulfonate, carboxylate, thiocarbamate or the like, which is a rust inhibitor, is effective. This is thought to be because the rust inhibitor coating prevents hydrogen from entering.
- the present invention provides the following lubricant composition and machine member.
- a lubricant composition used for lubrication of steel machine members that perform rolling and sliding motions comprising a base oil and an additive, the additives being an organic sulfonate rust inhibitor and a load-bearing additive
- a lubricant composition comprising: 2.
- the lubricant composition according to 1 or 2 above, wherein the organic sulfonate rust inhibitor is represented by the following general formula.
- R 1 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkyl naphthyl group, a dialkyl naphthyl group, an alkylphenyl group and a petroleum high-boiling fraction residue.
- the alkyl or alkenyl is linear or branched and has a carbon number. Is 2 to 22.
- M 1 represents an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, zinc, or ammonium ion, and n 1 represents the valence of M 1 . 4).
- the lubricant composition according to any one of the above 1 to 3, further comprising a thickener. 5). 5.
- the peeling life due to metal fatigue and the peeling life due to hydrogen embrittlement can be extended without increasing the oil film of the lubricant composition.
- the lubricant composition of the present invention can improve the peeling life due to metal fatigue of steel, it is a mechanical member that is rolling and rolling and sliding, for example, a rolling bearing used in automobile electrical equipment and auxiliary equipment, etc. It can be suitably used for lubrication.
- the lubricant composition of the present invention can extend the peeling life due to hydrogen embrittlement, it is used in a hydrogen atmosphere, such as rolling bearings, gears, ball screws, linear guides, linear motion bearings, cams, joints, etc. It can be suitably used for lubrication.
- the present inventor previously conducted a test using a rolling four-ball test on a lubricant composition that improves the peeling life of steel in a hydrogen atmosphere, but because a high-viscosity base oil was used, the oil film was thick. That is, the investigation was made under the condition that an oil film exists between both metal surfaces of the lubrication part and the surface to be lubricated is not in direct contact. On the other hand, considering the operating conditions of practical steel machine members, the oil film is relatively thin and is often operated under the condition that the surface to be lubricated is in direct contact.
- the rolling four-ball test was conducted in a hydrogen atmosphere under the condition that the oil film was thin and the surface to be lubricated was in direct contact, and the lubricity was evaluated. It was found that the peel life was not improved sufficiently. As a result of further investigation, it was found that by using a load-bearing additive in addition to the organic sulfonate, it was possible to extend the peeling life even under more severe lubrication conditions, and the present invention was completed. is there.
- the organic sulfonate rust inhibitor used in the lubricant composition of the present invention is a salt of a sulfonic acid having an organic group which is a lipophilic group.
- sulfonic acids include aromatic hydrocarbon components in lubricating oil fractions, petroleum sulfonic acids obtained by sulfonation of petroleum high-boiling fractions, synthetic sulfonic acids such as dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid and heavy alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and the like. is there.
- the salt include metal salts such as Ca, Na, Ba, Li, Zn, Pb, and Mg salts, and amine salts such as ammonia and ethylenediamine.
- organic sulfonate rust inhibitor in order to have an acid neutralizing action among organic sulfonates, highly basic sulfonates in which calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide fine particles, and the like are dispersed are also commercially available. It can be used as a sulfonate rust inhibitor. Particularly preferred among these are those represented by the formula (1).
- the organic sulfonate rust inhibitor may be any of neutral, basic, and highly basic organic sulfonates. Accordingly, the base number of the organic sulfonate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 1000 mg KOH / g.
- Preferred specific examples include dioctyl naphthalene sulfonate, dinonyl naphthalene sulfonate, didecyl naphthalene sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, and highly basic alkylbenzene sulfonate.
- Organic sulfonates are often used as the main additive of so-called rust preventive oil for the purpose of temporary rust prevention in storage, transportation and maintenance of metal products.
- rust prevention is strongly required for use in lubricating oil and grease, it is generally used in the same manner as other rust inhibitors.
- the organic sulfonate itself has no effect on extreme pressure and friction reduction, and is not an additive used for the purpose of improving lubricity.
- the amount of the organic sulfonate in the lubricant composition of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 5% by mass. This additive amount refers to the amount of the active ingredient of the target substance.
- Examples of the load bearing additive include thiocarbamate, thiophosphate, naphthenate, organophosphate, carboxylate and the like.
- Examples of the salt include metal salts such as Mo, Zn, Bi, Ni, Cu, Ag, and Sb.
- thiocarbamate and thiophosphate are widely used in lubricating oils as extreme pressure additives or antiwear agents.
- Organophosphates have long been well known as antiwear agents and are widely used in lubricating oils. Typical examples include tricresyl phosphate (TCP), triphenylphosphine (TPP), trioctyl phosphate (TOP), triphenyl phosphorothioate (TPPT) containing sulfur in the molecule, and the like.
- the amount of the load bearing additive in the lubricant composition of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 5% by mass. This additive amount refers to the amount of the active ingredient of the target substance.
- the lubricant composition of the present invention may be a grease composition by adding a thickener.
- the thickener used in the grease composition of the present invention is not particularly limited. Preferred examples include soap-type thickeners represented by Li soap and composite Li soap, urea-type thickeners represented by diurea, inorganic thickeners represented by organoclay and silica, and PTFE. And organic thickeners. Particularly preferred are urea thickeners.
- urea thickeners are particularly preferred for grease compositions using urea-based thickeners are often used for applications that require peeling resistance. This is presumed to be due to the rolling surface protection of the urea compound, and when a urea-based thickener is used in the present invention, the effect of improving the peel life is more remarkable.
- Urea-based thickeners have fewer defects than other thickeners, are relatively inexpensive, and are highly practical.
- the content of the thickener in the grease composition of the present invention varies depending on the type of the thickener.
- the consistency of the grease composition of the present invention is preferably 200 to 400, and the content of the thickener is an amount necessary to obtain this consistency.
- the content of the thickener is usually 3 to 30% by mass, preferably 5 to 25% by mass.
- the base oil used in the lubricant composition of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- all base oils including mineral oil can be used.
- ester synthetic oils typified by diesters and polyol esters, polyalphaolefins, synthetic hydrocarbon oils typified by polybutenes, alkyl diphenyl ethers, ether synthetic oils typified by polypropylene glycol, silicone oils, and fluorination Various synthetic oils such as oil can be used.
- additives can be added to the lubricant composition of the present invention as necessary.
- additives include antioxidants, metal corrosion inhibitors, oily agents, other antiwear agents, solid lubricants, and other rust inhibitors other than organic sulfonates.
- the main function of the rust inhibitor is to create a dense adsorption film on the metal surface and prevent it from coming into contact with water and oxygen to rust.
- the organic sulfonate has a polar group (—SO 3 ⁇ ) having a strong rust preventive property, and is considered to form a strong film even when compared with other rust preventives such as esters (alcohols) and amines.
- rust preventives such as esters (alcohols) and amines.
- oil film parameter ⁇ 3 or less
- the rust inhibitor film partially breaks, Metal contact is inevitable.
- the load-bearing additive forms a strong film on the rust inhibitor film and protects this rust inhibitor film, preventing the penetration of hydrogen into the steel even when the oil film is thin, and peeling It is thought that generation
- Test steel balls Steel balls for 15mm diameter and 5 / 8in bearings Hydrogen gas supply: 15-20ml / min Hydrogen purity: 99.99%
- Number of test repetitions: 5 (average life: average of n 5) The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.
- Base oil PAO6 Poly ⁇ -olefin Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C 30.5mm 2 / s
- Additive A Dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid
- Ca salt B Dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid
- Zn salt C Thiocarbamate (MoDTC)
- D Thiocarbamate (ZnDTC)
- E Thiophosphate (ZnDTP)
- F Sulfur-phosphorus extreme pressure agent (TPPT)
- G Naphthenic acid Zn Thickener
- the stripping lifetimes of the lubricant compositions of Examples 1 to 16 of the present invention containing the organic sulfonate rust inhibitor and the load-bearing additive are all at least 20 ⁇ 10 6 times and are extremely long.
- the peeling life of the lubricant compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 9 not containing either or both is 3.3 to 12.7 ⁇ 10 6 times, which is much shorter than the peeling life of the examples. I understand that.
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Abstract
Description
剥離寿命は、金属の転がり疲労による寿命であり、この寿命を全うするためには、潤滑油膜を厚くすることが常套手段とされている。
しかし、水素雰囲気下での剥離は、水素が鋼中に侵入、材料の機械的強度を低下させることが原因とされており(非特許文献1)、単に油膜を厚くするだけでは対策できない。
この水素雰囲気下の剥離に対し、特許文献6には、錆止め剤である有機スルホン酸塩、カルボン酸塩、チオカルバミン酸塩等の添加が有効であることが記載されている。これは錆止め剤の被膜が水素の侵入を防ぐためであると考えられている。
本発明の他の目的は、水素雰囲気中で使用される、潤滑部が鋼製の転がり・転がり滑り運動を行う機械部材に使用される潤滑剤組成物を提供することである。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、自動車電装・補機に使用される転がり軸受等の機械部材に使用される潤滑剤組成物を提供することである。
本発明のさらに他の目的は、上記潤滑剤組成物を含む機械部材を提供することである。
1.転がり、転がり滑り運動を行う鋼製の機械部材の潤滑に使用される潤滑剤組成物であって、基油及び添加剤を含み、添加剤が、有機スルホン酸塩系錆止め剤及び耐荷重添加剤を含有することを特徴とする潤滑剤組成物。
2.耐荷重添加剤がチオカルバミン酸塩、チオリン酸塩、ナフテン酸塩、カルボン酸塩、及び有機リン酸エステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である上記1記載の潤滑剤組成物。
3.有機スルホン酸塩系錆止め剤が下記一般式で示される上記1又は2記載の潤滑剤組成物。
[R1-SO3]n1M1 ・・・ 式(1)
(式中、R1はアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキルナフチル基、ジアルキルナフチル基、アルキルフェニル基及び石油高沸点留分残基を表す。前記アルキル又はアルケニルは、直鎖又は分岐であり、炭素数は2~22である。M1はアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、亜鉛、又はアンモニウムイオンを表す。n1はM1の価数を表す。)
4.さらに増ちょう剤を含む、上記1~3のいずれか1項記載の潤滑剤組成物。
5.機械部材が、水素雰囲気中で使用される、転がり軸受、歯車、ボールネジ、リニアガイド、直動軸受、カム又は継ぎ手である上記1~4のいずれか1項記載の潤滑剤組成物。
6.機械部材が、自動車電装・補機に使用される転がり軸受である上記1~4のいずれか1項記載の潤滑剤組成物。
7.上記1~6のいずれか1項記載の潤滑剤組成物を含む機械部材。
本発明の潤滑剤組成物は、鋼の金属疲労による剥離寿命を向上させることができるので、転がり、転がり滑り運動をしている機械部材、例えば、自動車電装・補機に使用される転がり軸受等の潤滑に好適に使用できる。
また、本発明の潤滑剤組成物は水素脆性による剥離寿命を長くすることができるので、水素雰囲気中で使用される、転がり軸受、歯車、ボールネジ、リニアガイド、直動軸受、カム、継ぎ手等の潤滑に好適に使用できる。
一方、実用上の鋼製機械部材の運転条件を考慮すると、油膜は比較的薄く、被潤滑面が直接接触している条件で運転されていることが多い。
上記を踏まえ、油膜が薄く被潤滑面が直接接触している条件で転がり4球試験を水素雰囲気中で実施し、潤滑性を評価したところ、有機スルホン酸塩の添加だけでは鋼の金属疲労による剥離寿命の向上が充分ではないことがわかった。そこでさらに検討した結果、有機スルホン酸塩に加え、耐荷重添加剤を併用することにより、より厳しい潤滑条件下でも剥離寿命の延長が可能となることを見出し本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
また、有機スルホン酸塩の中には酸中和作用を持たせるため、炭酸カルシウムや水酸化カルシウム微粒子等を分散させた高塩基性スルホン酸塩なども市販されており、これらも本発明の有機スルホン酸塩系錆止め剤として使用できる。
これらの中で特に好ましいものは、式(1)で示されるものである。
本発明において有機スルホン酸塩系錆止め剤は、中性、塩基性、高塩基性有機スルホン酸塩のいずれでも良い。従って、有機スルホン酸塩の塩基価は特に限定されないが、好ましくは0~1000mgKOH/gである。
好ましい具体例としては、ジオクチルナフタレンスルホン酸塩、ジノニルナフタレンスルホン酸塩、ジデシルナフタレンスルホン酸塩、石油スルホン酸塩、高塩基性アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩等が挙げられる。
本発明の潤滑剤組成物中の有機スルホン酸塩の量は、好ましくは0.1~10質量%、より好ましくは0.2~5質量%である。この添加剤量は対象物質の有効成分量を指す。
本発明の潤滑剤組成物中の耐荷重添加剤の量は、好ましくは0.1~10質量%、より好ましくは0.2~5質量%である。この添加剤量は対象物質の有効成分量を指す。
本発明のグリース組成物に使用される増ちょう剤は、特に限定されない。好ましい例としては、Li石けんや複合Li石けんに代表される石けん系増ちょう剤、ジウレアに代表されるウレア系増ちょう剤、有機化クレイやシリカに代表される無機系増ちょう剤、PTFEに代表される有機系増ちょう剤等が挙げられる。特に好ましいものは、ウレア系増ちょう剤である。
最近、耐剥離性が要求される用途にはウレア系増ちょう剤を使用したグリース組成物を使用することが多い。これは、ウレア化合物の転動面保護によるものと推察されており、本発明においてウレア系増ちょう剤を使用すると、剥離寿命向上効果がさらに顕著である。また、ウレア系増ちょう剤は、他の増ちょう剤と比較して欠点が少なく、比較的安価であり、実用性も高い。
本発明のグリース組成物中の増ちょう剤の含有量は、増ちょう剤の種類により異なる。本発明のグリース組成物のちょう度は、200~400が好適であり、増ちょう剤の含有量はこのちょう度を得るのに必要な量となる。本発明のグリース組成物中、増ちょう剤の含有量は、通常3~30質量%、好ましくは5~25質量%である。
本発明において有機スルホン酸塩と極圧添加剤の併用による金属疲労寿命を向上させるメカニズムについては未だ不明な部分が多い。本発明者は次のように推論している。
錆止め剤の主要な働きは金属表面に緻密な吸着膜を作り、水や酸素と接触してさびるのを防ぐ役割をする。特に有機スルホン酸塩は錆止め性の強い極性基(-SO3 -)をもっており、他の錆止め剤、例えばエステル(アルコール)やアミン系と比較しても強固な皮膜を形成するものと思われる。但し、表面粗さが大きい場合、接触面圧が大きい場合、低粘度の潤滑剤を使用した場合等の厳しい潤滑条件(油膜パラメータΛ=3以下)では、一部錆止め剤の皮膜が破断し、金属接触が避けられない。このような潤滑領域では耐荷重添加剤が錆止め剤皮膜の上に強固な膜を形成し、この錆止め皮膜を保護するため、油膜が薄い場合においても、水素の鋼中への侵入を防ぎ、剥離発生を防止することができるものと考えられる。
実施例1~16、比較例1~9
表1~表3に記載したように、基油に、所定量の添加剤を添加し、潤滑剤組成物を製造した。
1.評価試験方法
(1)試験概略
直径15mmの軸受用鋼球3個を内径40mm、高さ14mmの容器に配置し、試験油約20mlを満たす。上から5/8in軸受用鋼球1個の回転球をあてがい、試験機にセットする。荷重を掛け4時間回転させて慣らし運転を行なった後、試験油に水素ガスを導入する。下の3個は自転しながら公転する。これをはく離が生じるまで連続回転させる。はく離は、最も面圧の高い球-球間に生じる。寿命は、はく離が生じた時点の上球の総接触回数とする。これを5回繰り返し、L50寿命(50%が寿命となる回数の平均値)を求める。
試験鋼球 :直径15mm及び5/8in軸受用鋼球
水素ガス供給量:15-20ml/min
水素純度 :99.99%
試験荷重(W):100kgf
最大接触面圧 :4.1GPa
回転速度(n):1500rpm
試験繰り返し数:5(平均寿命:n=5の平均)
結果を表1~表3に示す。
PAO6: ポリαオレフィン 40℃の動粘度30.5mm2/s
添加剤
A: ジノニルナフタレンスルホン酸Ca塩
B: ジノニルナフタレンスルホン酸Zn塩
C: チオカルバミン酸塩 (MoDTC)
D: チオカルバミン酸塩 (ZnDTC)
E: チオリン酸塩(ZnDTP)
F: 硫黄-りん系極圧剤(TPPT)
G: ナフテン酸Zn
増ちょう剤
H: ジフェニルメタンイソシアネートとp-トルイジンから得られたジウレア化合物
これを含むものはグリースであり、ちょう度350±15に仕上げた。
これに対して、いずれか一方又は両者を含まない比較例1~9の潤滑剤組成物の剥離寿命は3.3~12.7×106回であり、実施例の剥離寿命よりはるかに短いことがわかる。
上記結果は有機スルホン酸塩と耐荷重添加剤の併用により、油膜の厚膜化によらず、水素環境下の剥離寿命を顕著に向上させることができることを明瞭に示している。
Claims (7)
- 転がり、転がり滑り運動を行う鋼製の機械部材の潤滑に使用される潤滑剤組成物であって、基油及び添加剤を含み、添加剤が、有機スルホン酸塩系錆止め剤及び耐荷重添加剤を含有することを特徴とする潤滑剤組成物。
- 耐荷重添加剤がチオカルバミン酸塩、チオリン酸塩、ナフテン酸塩、カルボン酸塩、及び有機リン酸エステルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1記載の潤滑剤組成物。
- 有機スルホン酸塩系錆止め剤が下記一般式で示される請求項1又は2記載の潤滑剤組成物。
[R1-SO3]n1M1 ・・・ 式(1)
(式中、R1はアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキルナフチル基、ジアルキルナフチル基、アルキルフェニル基及び石油高沸点留分残基を表す。前記アルキル又はアルケニルは、直鎖又は分岐であり、炭素数は2~22である。M1はアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、亜鉛、又はアンモニウムイオンを表す。n1はM1の価数を表す。) - さらに増ちょう剤を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の潤滑剤組成物。
- 機械部材が、水素雰囲気中で使用される、転がり軸受、歯車、ボールネジ、リニアガイド、直動軸受、カム又は継ぎ手である請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の潤滑剤組成物。
- 機械部材が、自動車電装・補機に使用される転がり軸受である請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の潤滑剤組成物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の潤滑剤組成物を含む機械部材。
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KR20100093035A (ko) | 2010-08-24 |
JP2009173751A (ja) | 2009-08-06 |
EP2239313A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
CN101910386A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
KR101245688B1 (ko) | 2013-03-25 |
EP2239313A4 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
US20100298178A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
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US9528073B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
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