WO2009087724A1 - 単結晶製造装置 - Google Patents
単結晶製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009087724A1 WO2009087724A1 PCT/JP2008/003829 JP2008003829W WO2009087724A1 WO 2009087724 A1 WO2009087724 A1 WO 2009087724A1 JP 2008003829 W JP2008003829 W JP 2008003829W WO 2009087724 A1 WO2009087724 A1 WO 2009087724A1
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- single crystal
- cooling
- cylinder
- cooling cylinder
- raw material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/14—Heating of the melt or the crystallised materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/20—Controlling or regulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B35/00—Apparatus not otherwise provided for, specially adapted for the growth, production or after-treatment of single crystals or of a homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10T117/10—Apparatus
- Y10T117/1024—Apparatus for crystallization from liquid or supercritical state
- Y10T117/1032—Seed pulling
- Y10T117/1068—Seed pulling including heating or cooling details [e.g., shield configuration]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for producing a silicon single crystal by a Czochralski method (hereinafter abbreviated as CZ method).
- FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a conventional single crystal manufacturing apparatus.
- a single crystal production apparatus 101 used for producing a silicon single crystal by the CZ method generally encloses the crucibles 106 and 107 capable of moving up and down, which contains a raw material melt 105, and the crucibles 106 and 107.
- the heater 108 arranged in the main chamber 102 is arranged in the main chamber 102 for growing the single crystal 104, and a pulling chamber 103 for accommodating and taking out the grown single crystal is connected to the upper portion of the main chamber 102.
- the crucibles 106 and 107 are supported by a crucible rotating shaft 118 that can be rotated up and down by a rotation drive mechanism (not shown) attached to the lower part of the single crystal manufacturing apparatus 101.
- a heat insulating member 109 for preventing heat from the heater 108 from being directly radiated to the main chamber 102 is provided outside the heater 108 so as to surround the periphery.
- an inert gas such as argon gas is introduced into the chamber from a gas inlet 111 provided at the top of the pulling chamber 103 for the purpose of discharging impurities generated in the furnace to the outside of the furnace, and the like.
- the single crystal 104 and the raw material melt 105 pass through the inside of the chamber and are discharged from the gas outlet 110.
- a rectifying cylinder 114 is provided for rectifying the inert gas so as to flow downstream from the vicinity of the crystal from above the melt.
- the cooling cylinder 112 extends from at least the ceiling portion of the main chamber 102 toward the surface of the raw material melt 105 so as to surround the single crystal 104 being pulled up.
- a cooling medium is introduced into the cooling cylinder 112 from a cooling medium inlet 113, and the cooling medium circulates in the cooling cylinder 112 to forcibly cool the cooling cylinder 112 and is then discharged to the outside.
- the seed crystal 116 is immersed in the raw material melt 105 and gently lifted upward while rotating to grow a rod-shaped single crystal.
- the crucibles 106 and 107 are raised in accordance with the crystal growth so that the height of the melt surface is always maintained at a constant position.
- the seed crystal 116 attached to the seed holder 117 is immersed in the raw material melt 105, and then the seed crystal 116 is gently rotated while being rotated in a desired direction by a pulling mechanism (not shown).
- the wire 115 is wound up to grow a single crystal 104 at the tip of the seed crystal 116.
- the crystal in the initial stage of growth is once narrowed to about 3 to 5 mm, and the diameter is expanded to a desired diameter when the dislocation is removed. Then, the single crystal 104 having the desired quality is grown.
- the pulling speed of the constant diameter portion having a constant diameter of the single crystal 104 depends on the diameter of the single crystal to be pulled, but is very slow, about 0.4 to 2.0 mm / min.
- the growing single crystal is deformed and a cylindrical product having a constant diameter cannot be obtained.
- slip dislocation occurs in the single crystal 104 or problems such as the single crystal 104 being separated from the melt and becoming a product occur, and there is a limit to increasing the crystal growth rate. .
- increasing the growth rate of the single crystal 104 is one of the major means for improving the productivity and reducing the cost.
- many improvements have been made to increase the growth rate of the single crystal 104.
- the growth rate of the single crystal 104 is determined by the heat balance of the growing single crystal 104, and it is known that heat released from the surface of the single crystal can be efficiently removed in order to increase the growth rate. Yes. At this time, if the cooling effect of the single crystal 104 can be enhanced, a more efficient single crystal can be manufactured. Furthermore, it is known that the quality of the crystal changes depending on the cooling rate of the single crystal 104. For example, a grown-in defect formed during single crystal growth in a silicon single crystal can be controlled by the ratio of the temperature gradient in the crystal and the pulling rate (growth rate) of the single crystal. A defect-free single crystal can also be grown (see JP-A-11-157996). Therefore, it is important to enhance the cooling effect of the growing single crystal both in manufacturing defect-free crystals and in increasing productivity by increasing the growth rate of the single crystal.
- the outside of the cooling cylinder is protected by a cooling cylinder protective material such as a protective cover such as a graphite material, and the heat of the single crystal can be efficiently removed from the inside of the cooling cylinder.
- a cooling cylinder protective material such as a protective cover such as a graphite material
- the cooling cylinder was not extended close to the melt surface for safety, and the cooling effect of the single crystal up to the cooling cylinder was somewhat weak.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-199590 discloses a method of drawing a graphite material or the like by fitting into a cooling cylinder.
- the cooling cylinder and the extending graphite cannot receive a sufficient cooling effect due to heat from the outside, and contact between the cooling cylinder and the graphite material is difficult, and heat transfer from the graphite material to the cooling cylinder is efficiently performed. could not.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides a single crystal manufacturing apparatus capable of increasing the growth rate of a single crystal by efficiently cooling the growing single crystal. With the goal.
- At least a crucible for storing a raw material melt and a main chamber for storing a heater for heating the raw material melt, and an upper portion of the main chamber are connected and grown.
- a pulling chamber in which the single crystal is pulled up and accommodated, and cooling that is forced from at least the ceiling portion of the main chamber toward the surface of the raw material melt so as to surround the single crystal being pulled and forcibly cooled by a cooling medium A single crystal manufacturing apparatus for growing a single crystal by a Czochralski method having a cylinder, comprising at least a cooling auxiliary cylinder fitted inside the cooling cylinder, the cooling auxiliary cylinder penetrating in an axial direction There is provided a single crystal manufacturing apparatus having a cut and extending toward the surface of the raw material melt.
- the single crystal production apparatus of the present invention has at least a cooling auxiliary cylinder fitted inside the cooling cylinder, the cooling auxiliary cylinder has a cut extending in the axial direction, and the raw material melt Since it extends toward the surface, the auxiliary cooling cylinder does not break due to thermal expansion and is closely attached to the cooling cylinder, and the heat absorbed from the growing single crystal by the auxiliary cooling cylinder is fitted. , And can be efficiently transmitted from the fitted portion to the cooling cylinder. Thereby, the growing single crystal can be efficiently cooled, and the growth rate of the single crystal can be increased.
- the material of the auxiliary cooling cylinder is preferably any one of graphite material, carbon composite material (CC material), stainless steel, molybdenum, and tungsten.
- the material of the auxiliary cooling cylinder is any one of a carbon material such as a graphite material and a carbon composite material (CC material), and a metal material such as stainless steel, molybdenum and tungsten, the heat from the single crystal is generated. It can be absorbed more efficiently. Moreover, the heat can be efficiently transmitted by the cooling cylinder. Moreover, heat resistance can also be made high.
- a protective member is provided outside the cooling cylinder.
- the protective member is provided outside the cooling cylinder, it is possible to reduce the radiant heat from the heater and the raw material melt directly hitting the outside of the cooling cylinder. Further, it is possible to prevent the raw material melt from scattering and adhering to the cooling cylinder. Thereby, the deterioration of the cooling cylinder can be prevented, the growing single crystal inside the cooling cylinder can be cooled more efficiently, and the effect of increasing the growth rate of the single crystal can be enhanced.
- the material of the protective member is preferably any of graphite material, carbon fiber material, carbon composite material (CC material), stainless steel, molybdenum, and tungsten.
- the material of the protective member is any one of a carbon material such as a graphite material, a carbon fiber material, and a carbon composite material (CC material), and a metal material such as stainless steel, molybdenum, and tungsten.
- the emissivity can be increased, and the effect of reducing the radiant heat from the heater and the raw material melt directly hitting the cooling cylinder can be further enhanced.
- heat resistance can also be made high.
- a flow straightening cylinder extending below the cooling cylinder is provided.
- the single crystal can be cooled by blocking the radiant heat from the heater and the raw material melt.
- the cooling cylinder is prevented from approaching directly above the melt surface, ensuring safety and rectifying the inert gas downstream from the vicinity of the crystal from above the raw material melt.
- the cooling effect of the single crystal by an inert gas can also be expected.
- the growing single crystal can be cooled more efficiently, and the effect of increasing the growth rate of the single crystal can be enhanced.
- the single crystal production apparatus of the present invention has at least a cooling auxiliary cylinder fitted inside the cooling cylinder, the cooling auxiliary cylinder has a cut extending in the axial direction, and faces the raw material melt surface. Since the cooling auxiliary cylinder is stretched, the cooling auxiliary cylinder does not break due to thermal expansion and fits tightly into the cooling cylinder, and the heat absorbed from the single crystal growing in the auxiliary cooling cylinder is fitted into the fitting. It is possible to efficiently transmit from the formed portion to the cooling cylinder. Thereby, the growing single crystal can be efficiently cooled, and the growth rate of the single crystal can be increased.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- increasing the growth rate of the single crystal is one of the major means. Is known to efficiently remove the heat released from the surface of the single crystal. Also in the production of defect-free crystals, it is important to increase the cooling effect of the single crystal being grown.
- the present inventor conducted intensive studies in order to enhance the cooling effect of the growing single crystal.
- heat can be efficiently absorbed from the growing single crystal by the cooling auxiliary cylinder that fits inside the cooling cylinder and extends downward from the cooling cylinder toward the raw material melt surface.
- the auxiliary cooling cylinder has a cut extending in the axial direction, so that when the auxiliary cooling cylinder expands due to heat, it is tightly fitted to the cooling cylinder without being damaged, and the contact area of both surfaces increases, The inventors have conceived that the heat absorbed from the single crystal can be efficiently transferred to the forcibly cooled cooling cylinder by sufficiently adhering, and thus the present invention has been completed.
- the single crystal production apparatus of the present invention has at least a cooling auxiliary cylinder fitted inside a cooling cylinder that has been forcibly cooled, the cooling auxiliary cylinder having a cut extending in the axial direction, and Since it extends toward the liquid surface, the growing single crystal can be efficiently cooled, and the growth rate of the single crystal can be increased.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the single crystal production apparatus of the present invention.
- a single crystal manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a crucible 6 and 7 for storing a raw material melt 5, a heater 8 for heating and melting a polycrystalline silicon raw material, and the like stored in a main chamber 2.
- a pulling mechanism (not shown) for pulling up the grown single crystal 4 is provided on the upper portion of the pulling chamber 3 connected to the chamber 2.
- a pulling wire 15 is unwound from a pulling mechanism attached to the upper part of the pulling chamber 3, and a seed holder 17 for attaching a seed crystal 16 is connected to the tip of the pulling wire 15 and attached to the tip of the seed holder 17.
- the single crystal 4 is formed below the seed crystal 16 by immersing the seed crystal 16 in the raw material melt 5 and winding the pulling wire 15 by a pulling mechanism.
- the crucibles 6 and 7 are composed of a quartz crucible 6 that directly accommodates the raw material melt 5 inside, and a graphite crucible 7 for supporting the crucible outside.
- the crucibles 6 and 7 are supported by a crucible rotating shaft 18 that can be rotated and moved up and down by a rotation drive mechanism (not shown) attached to the lower part of the single crystal manufacturing apparatus 1, and the melt surface in the single crystal manufacturing apparatus 1.
- a rotation drive mechanism (not shown) attached to the lower part of the single crystal manufacturing apparatus 1, and the melt surface in the single crystal manufacturing apparatus 1.
- the crucible 6 is reduced by the amount of the melt reduced as the single crystal 4 is pulled while rotating in the opposite direction to the crystal. , 7 is raised.
- a heater 8 is disposed so as to surround the crucibles 6 and 7, and a heat insulating member 9 for preventing heat from the heater 8 from being directly radiated to the main chamber 2 is provided outside the heater 8. It is provided so as to surround the periphery. Further, an inert gas such as argon gas is introduced into the chamber from the gas inlet 11 provided at the upper part of the pulling chamber 3 for the purpose of discharging impurities generated in the furnace to the outside of the furnace, and the like. The single crystal 4 and the raw material melt 5 are passed through the inside of the chamber and discharged from the gas outlet 10.
- the main chamber 2 and the pulling chamber 3 are made of a metal having excellent heat resistance and thermal conductivity, such as stainless steel, and are water-cooled through a cooling pipe (not shown). Further, the cooling cylinder 12 extends from at least the ceiling portion of the main chamber 2 toward the surface of the raw material melt 5 so as to surround the single crystal 4 being pulled up. A cooling medium is introduced into the cooling cylinder 12 from a cooling medium introduction port 13, and the cooling medium circulates in the cooling cylinder 12 to forcibly cool the cooling cylinder 12 and is then discharged to the outside. When growing the single crystal, after immersing the seed crystal 16 attached to the seed holder 17 in the raw material melt 5, the seed crystal 16 is gently rotated while being rotated in a desired direction by a pulling mechanism (not shown).
- the wire 15 is wound up to grow a single crystal 4 at the tip of the seed crystal 16.
- the crystal in the initial stage of growth is once narrowed to about 3 to 5 mm, and the diameter is expanded to a desired diameter when the dislocations are removed. Then, the single crystal 4 having the desired quality is grown.
- a dislocation-free seeding method in which the seed crystal 16 is gently brought into contact with the raw material melt 5 and immersed to a predetermined diameter using the seed crystal 16 having a sharp tip without performing the above-described seed squeezing is applied.
- the single crystal 4 can be grown.
- the single crystal manufacturing apparatus is provided with a cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 that is fitted inside the cooling cylinder 12, and the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 is more than the cooling cylinder 12 toward the surface of the raw material melt 5. It extends downward. In this way, if the cooling auxiliary cylinder 12 that fits inside the cooling cylinder 12 and extends downward from the cooling cylinder 12 toward the surface of the raw material melt 5 is installed, the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 is growing.
- the single crystal 4 can be surrounded to the lower side, and heat can be efficiently absorbed from the single crystal 4.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a cooling auxiliary cylinder that can be used in the present invention.
- the auxiliary cooling cylinder 19 has a cut 20 that penetrates in the axial direction.
- the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 can be attached and detached simply by making the inner diameter of the cooling cylinder 12 and the outer diameter of the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 substantially the same.
- the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 can be easily attached and detached by having the slit 20 penetrating in the axial direction. Further, it is possible to prevent the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 from being broken due to a difference in thermal expansion between the cooling cylinder 12 and the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 during the growth of the single crystal 4.
- the cooling cylinder 12 since the cooling cylinder 12 is forcibly cooled by the cooling medium, it does not expand so much even when heat is applied during crystal growth, but the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 expands. Furthermore, since the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 is thermally expanded by the thermal expansion of the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19, the contact area of both surfaces is increased and the both surfaces are in close contact with each other. Heat can be transferred efficiently.
- the width of the cut 20 is less than 180 °, the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 comes into close contact with the cooling cylinder 12 by thermal expansion, and the efficiency of heat transfer from the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 to the cooling cylinder 12 is increased. An effect can be obtained. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the width of the cut 20 is small, and it is sufficient if the width of the cut 20 is equal to or larger than the width that can prevent the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 from being broken by thermal expansion.
- the material of the auxiliary cooling cylinder 19 is preferably any of graphite material, carbon composite material (CC material), stainless steel, molybdenum, and tungsten.
- the material of the auxiliary cooling cylinder 19 is any one of a carbon material such as a graphite material and a carbon composite material (CC material) and a metal material such as stainless steel, molybdenum and tungsten, the material from the single crystal 4 is used. It can absorb heat more efficiently. Further, the heat can be efficiently transmitted by the cooling cylinder 12 that is forcibly cooled. Moreover, heat resistance can also be made high.
- the material of the auxiliary cooling cylinder 19 is not limited to this, and any material having high thermal conductivity and high emissivity can be applied.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the single crystal manufacturing apparatus of the present invention provided with the protective member. As shown in FIG.
- the protective member 21 is provided outside the cooling cylinder 12, the radiant heat from the heater 8 and the raw material melt 5 directly flows into the cooling cylinder 12. It can reduce hitting the outside. As a result, the inner growing single crystal 4 can be cooled more efficiently, and the effect of increasing the growth rate of the single crystal 4 can be enhanced. Further, it is possible to prevent the raw material melt 5 that is scattered when the raw material is melted from adhering to the outside of the cooling cylinder 12 and causing the cooling cylinder 12 to be damaged or melted.
- the protective member 21 is preferably not in contact with the cooling cylinder 12 so that heat is not transmitted to the cooling cylinder 12, but is not limited thereto.
- the material of the protective member 21 is preferably any of graphite material, carbon fiber material, carbon composite material (CC material), stainless steel, molybdenum, and tungsten.
- the material of the protection member 21 is any one of carbon materials such as graphite, carbon fiber material, and carbon composite material (CC material), and metal materials such as stainless steel, molybdenum, and tungsten, the protection member The radiation rate of 21 can be increased, and the effect of reducing the radiant heat from the heater 8 and the raw material melt 5 directly hitting the cooling cylinder 12 can be further enhanced. Moreover, heat resistance can also be made high.
- a flow straightening cylinder 14 extending below the cooling cylinder 12 is provided.
- the single crystal 4 can be cooled by blocking the radiant heat from the heater 8 and the raw material melt 5. Further, the cooling cylinder 12 is prevented from approaching directly above the melt surface, and safety is ensured.
- the inert gas for preventing fouling due to the oxidizing gas generated during pulling of the single crystal can exert the effect of rectifying so that the vicinity of the crystal is downstream from above the melt.
- the cooling effect of the single crystal 4 can also be expected. Thereby, the growing single crystal 4 can be cooled more efficiently, and the effect of increasing the growth rate of the single crystal 4 can be enhanced.
- the cooling cylinder 12 can be sufficiently separated from the melt surface of a very high temperature, and the raw material melt 5 scattered when the raw material is melted adheres to the cooling cylinder 12, and the cooling cylinder 12 is damaged or melted. Without any problem, the single crystal 4 can be grown extremely safely.
- the single crystal manufacturing apparatus of the present invention has at least the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 fitted inside the cooling cylinder 12, and the cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 has the cut 20 penetrating in the axial direction.
- the single crystal 4 being grown can be cooled efficiently, and the growth rate of the single crystal 4 can be increased. It has become something that can be. Similarly, in growing a defect-free crystal, the growth rate can be increased.
- Example 1 Using a single crystal manufacturing apparatus as shown in FIG. 1, a silicon single crystal having a diameter of 12 inches (300 mm) was manufactured by a magnetic field application Czochralski method (MCZ method). The diameter of the crucible 6 was 32 inches (800 mm). Further, a cooling auxiliary cylinder 19 as shown in FIG. 2 having a cut width 20 of 1.5 ° was used. The material used was a graphite material having a thermal conductivity equivalent to that of metal and a higher emissivity than that of metal. The single crystal 4 was grown using such a single crystal manufacturing apparatus 1, and the growth rate at which all became defect-free crystals was determined. Since the margin for the growth rate for obtaining defect-free crystals is very narrow, it is easy to determine an appropriate growth rate.
- MZ method magnetic field application Czochralski method
- the single crystal manufacturing apparatus 1 of the present invention can efficiently cool the growing single crystal and can increase the growth rate of the single crystal. It was.
- Example 2 A single crystal was manufactured under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a single crystal manufacturing apparatus 1 ′ provided with a protective member 21 made of graphite was provided outside the cooling cylinder 12 as shown in FIG. Evaluation similar to 1 was performed. As a result, the growth rate was increased by about 4% compared to Example 1. As described above, the single crystal manufacturing apparatus 1 ′ of the present invention can cool the growing single crystal more efficiently, and can enhance the effect of increasing the growth rate of the single crystal. I was able to confirm.
- Example 1 A single crystal was manufactured under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a conventional single crystal manufacturing apparatus as shown in FIG. 4 was used, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. As a result, it was found that the growth rate was about 5.5% slower than that of Example 1.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has any configuration that has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and that exhibits the same effects. Are included in the technical scope.
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Abstract
Description
図4に従来の単結晶製造装置の一例を示す概略断面図を示す。
CZ法でシリコン単結晶を製造する際に使用される単結晶製造装置101は、一般的に原料融液105が収容された昇降動可能なルツボ106、107と、該ルツボ106、107を取り囲むように配置されたヒータ108が単結晶104を育成するメインチャンバ102内に配置されており、該メインチャンバ102の上部には育成した単結晶を収容し取り出すための引上げチャンバ103が連設されている。ルツボ106、107は、単結晶製造装置101の下部に取り付けられた回転駆動機構(不図示)によって回転昇降動自在なルツボ回転軸118に支持されている。
また、チャンバ内部には、炉内に発生した不純物を炉外に排出する等を目的とし、引上げチャンバ103上部に設けられたガス導入口111からアルゴンガス等の不活性ガスが導入され、引上げ中の単結晶104、原料融液105表面を通過してチャンバ内部を流通し、ガス流出口110から排出される。また、この不活性ガスが融液上方から結晶近傍を下流するように整流するための整流筒114が設けられている。
しかし、前記CZ法による単結晶104の製造において、生産性の向上を図り、コストを低減させるためには、単結晶104の成長速度を高速化することが一つの大きな手段であり、これまでにも単結晶104の成長速度の高速化を達成させるために多くの改良がなされてきた。
また結晶引き上げ中は酸化性ガスによる汚れ防止のため不活性ガスを流すが、これによる単結晶の冷却効果を活用できないという問題もある。
そこで前記のスクリーンや整流筒の問題点を解決し効率よく冷却する方法として、結晶回りに水冷された冷却筒を配する方法が提案されている(国際公開第WO01/57293号パンフレット参照)。この方法では冷却筒の外側が黒鉛材等の保護カバーなど冷却筒保護材により保護され、冷却筒の内側から単結晶の熱を効率よく除去できる。しかし、安全のため冷却筒を融液面近くまで伸ばしておらず、冷却筒に至るまでの単結晶の冷却効果がやや弱かった。
このように、前記冷却補助筒の材質が、黒鉛材、炭素複合材(CC材)等の炭素材、およびステンレス、モリブデン、タングステン等の金属材のいずれかであれば、単結晶からの熱をより効率良く吸収することができる。また、その熱を冷却筒により効率良く伝達することができる。また、耐熱性も高いものとすることができる。
このように、前記冷却筒の外側に保護部材が設けられていれば、ヒータおよび原料融液からの輻射熱が直接冷却筒の外側にあたるのを軽減できる。また、原料融液が飛散し冷却筒に付着することを防ぐことができる。これによって、冷却筒の劣化を防止できるとともに、冷却筒の内側にある育成中の単結晶をより効率良く冷却することができ、単結晶の成長速度の高速化の効果を高めることができる。
このように、前記保護部材の材質が、黒鉛材、炭素繊維材、炭素複合材(CC材)等の炭素材、およびステンレス、モリブデン、タングステン等の金属材のいずれかであれば、保護部材の輻射率を高くすることができ、ヒータおよび原料融液からの輻射熱が直接冷却筒にあたるのを軽減する効果をより高めることができる。また、耐熱性も高いものとすることができる。
このように、前記冷却筒の下方に延伸する整流筒が設けられていれば、ヒータおよび原料融液からの輻射熱を遮って単結晶を冷却することができる。また、冷却筒が融液面の直上まで近づくことが防がれ安全性が確保されるとともに、原料融液上方から結晶近傍を下流する不活性ガスの整流効果を発揮することができる。これにより、不活性ガスによる単結晶の冷却効果も期待できる。これによって、育成中の単結晶をより効率良く冷却することができ、単結晶の成長速度の高速化の効果を高めることができる。
従来のCZ法による単結晶の製造において、生産性の向上を図り、コストを低減させるためには、単結晶の成長速度を高速化することが一つの大きな手段であり、これを高速化するには、単結晶表面から放出される熱を効率的に除去すれば良いことが知られている。また、無欠陥結晶の製造においても、育成中の単結晶の冷却効果を高めることが重要である。
図1に示すように、単結晶製造装置1は、原料融液5を収容するルツボ6、7、多結晶シリコン原料を加熱、融解するためのヒータ8などがメインチャンバ2内に格納され、メインチャンバ2上に連接された引上げチャンバ3の上部には、育成された単結晶4を引上げる引上げ機構(不図示)が設けられている。
また、チャンバ内部には、炉内に発生した不純物を炉外に排出する等を目的とし、引上げチャンバ3上部に設けられたガス導入口11からアルゴンガス等の不活性ガスが導入され、引上げ中の単結晶4、原料融液5表面を通過してチャンバ内部を流通し、ガス流出口10から排出される。
また、冷却筒12が引上げ中の単結晶4を取り囲むようにメインチャンバ2の少なくとも天井部から原料融液5の表面に向かって延伸している。冷却筒12内には、冷却媒体導入口13から冷却媒体が導入され、該冷却媒体は冷却筒12内を循環して冷却筒12を強制冷却した後、外部へ排出される。
そして、単結晶を育成する際には、種ホルダ17に取り付けられた種結晶16を原料融液5に浸漬した後、引上げ機構(不図示)により種結晶16を所望の方向に回転させながら静かにワイヤ15を巻き上げ、種結晶16の先端部に単結晶4を成長させる。ここで、種結晶16を融液に着液させた際に生じる転位を消滅させるため、一旦、成長初期の結晶を3~5mm程度まで細く絞り、転位が抜けたところで径を所望の直径まで拡大して、目的とする品質の単結晶4を成長させていく。あるいは、前記種絞りを行わず、先端が尖った種結晶16を用いて種結晶16を原料融液5に静かに接触して所定径まで浸漬させてから引上げを行う無転位種付け法を適用して単結晶4を育成することもできる。
このように、冷却筒12の内側に嵌合し、原料融液5の表面に向かって冷却筒12よりも下方に延伸している冷却補助筒12を設置すれば、冷却補助筒19によって育成中の単結晶4の下方まで取り囲むことができ、単結晶4から熱を効率的に吸収することができる。
図2に示すように、冷却補助筒19は軸方向に貫く切れ目20を有している。
冷却筒12の内側に冷却補助筒19を嵌合させるために、単に冷却筒12の内径と冷却補助筒19の外径を概略同じにしただけでは、冷却補助筒19を装着および脱着するのが困難であるが、冷却補助筒19は軸方向に貫く切れ目20を有することで、冷却補助筒19を容易に装脱着することができる。また、単結晶4の育成中に冷却筒12と冷却補助筒19の熱膨張差により冷却補助筒19が割れてしまうことを防ぐことができる。すなわち、冷却筒12は冷却媒体で強制冷却されているので、結晶育成時に熱がかかってもそれほど膨張しないが冷却補助筒19は膨張する。さらに、冷却補助筒19が熱膨張することによって、冷却補助筒19は冷却筒12にかたく嵌合し、双方の表面の接触面積が増え、十分に密着するので、冷却補助筒19から冷却筒12へ熱を効率よく伝達することができる。
このように、前記冷却補助筒19の材質は、黒鉛材、炭素複合材(CC材)等の炭素材、およびステンレス、モリブデン、タングステン等の金属材のいずれかであれば、単結晶4からの熱をより効率良く吸収するとができる。また、その熱を強制冷却された冷却筒12により効率良く伝達することができる。また、耐熱性も高いものとすることができる。冷却補助筒19の材質は、これに限定されるわけではなく、熱伝導率及び輻射率が高い材質であれば適用し得る。
図3に前記保護部材を設けた本発明の単結晶製造装置の一例を示す。
図3に示すように、本発明の単結晶製造装置1’は、冷却筒12の外側に保護部材21が設けられているので、ヒータ8および原料融液5からの輻射熱が直接冷却筒12の外側にあたるのを軽減できる。これによって、内側の育成中の単結晶4をより効率良く冷却することができ、単結晶4の成長速度の高速化の効果を高めることができる。また、原料融解時などに飛散する原料融液5が冷却筒12の外側に付着し、冷却筒12が破損、溶損等するのを防ぐことができる。
前記保護部材21は、熱が冷却筒12に伝達しないように冷却筒12と接触していないことが好ましいが、これに限定されるわけではない。
このように、前記保護部材21の材質は、黒鉛材、炭素繊維材、炭素複合材(CC材)等の炭素材、およびステンレス、モリブデン、タングステン等の金属材のいずれかであれば、保護部材21の輻射率を高くすることができ、ヒータ8および原料融液5からの輻射熱が直接冷却筒12にあたるのを軽減する効果をより高めることができる。また、耐熱性も高いものとすることができる。
このように、前記冷却筒12の下方に延伸する整流筒14が設けられていれば、ヒータ8および原料融液5からの輻射熱を遮って単結晶4を冷却することができる。また、冷却筒12が融液面の直上まで近づくことが防がれ安全性が確保される。また、単結晶の引上げ中に発生する酸化性ガスによる汚れ防止のための不活性ガスが融液上方から結晶近傍を下流するように整流する効果を発揮することができ、また、不活性ガスによる単結晶4の冷却効果も期待できる。これによって、育成中の単結晶4をより効率良く冷却することができ、単結晶4の成長速度の高速化の効果を高めることができる。
また、冷却筒12を非常に高温の融液面と十分離すことができ、原料融解時などに飛散する原料融液5が冷却筒12に付着し、冷却筒12の破損、溶損等が生じることもなく、極めて安全に単結晶4の育成を行うことができる。
また、同様に無欠陥結晶の育成においても、その成長速度の高速化を図ることができるものとなっている。
図1に示すような単結晶製造装置を用い、直径12インチ(300mm)のシリコン単結晶を磁場印加チョクラルスキー法(MCZ法)により製造した。ルツボ6の直径は32インチ(800mm)とした。
また、切れ目の幅20が1.5°である図2に示すような冷却補助筒19を使用した。また、その材質は、熱伝導率が金属に比較して同等であり、かつ輻射率が金属より高い黒鉛材を使用した。
このような単結晶製造装置1を用いて単結晶4を育成し、全てが無欠陥結晶となる成長速度を求めた。無欠陥結晶を得るための成長速度はそのマージンが非常に狭いため、適正な成長速度が判断しやすい。このとき、単結晶からサンプルを切り出し、無欠陥結晶になったかどうかを、選択エッチングにより確認した。
その結果、従来の単結晶製造装置を用いた場合と比較して約5.5%の成長速度の高速化が図れた。
このように、本発明の単結晶製造装置1は、育成中の単結晶を効率良く冷却することができ、単結晶の成長速度の高速化を図ることができるものとなっていることが確認できた。
図3に示すような、冷却筒12の外側に黒鉛材の保護部材21を設けた単結晶製造装置1’を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様な条件で単結晶を製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
その結果、実施例1に比べて約4%の成長速度の高速化を図ることができた。
このように、本発明の単結晶製造装置1’は、育成中の単結晶をより効率良く冷却することができ、単結晶の成長速度の高速化の効果を高めることができるものとなっていることが確認できた。
図4に示すような従来の単結晶製造装置を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同じ条件で単結晶を製造し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。その結果、実施例1に比べ約5.5%成長速度が遅いことが分かった。
なお、本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。上記実施形態は例示であり、本発明の特許請求の範囲に記載された技術的思想と実質的に同一な構成を有し、同様な作用効果を奏するものは、いかなるものであっても本発明の技術的範囲に包含される。
Claims (5)
- 少なくとも、原料融液を収容するルツボ及び前記原料融液を加熱するヒータを格納するメインチャンバと、該メインチャンバの上部に連設され、成長した単結晶が引き上げられて収容される引上げチャンバと、前記引上げ中の単結晶を取り囲むように前記メインチャンバの少なくとも天井部から原料融液表面に向かって延伸し、冷却媒体で強制冷却される冷却筒を有したチョクラルスキー法によって単結晶を育成する単結晶製造装置であって、少なくとも、前記冷却筒の内側に嵌合される冷却補助筒を有し、該冷却補助筒は軸方向に貫く切れ目を有し、前記原料融液表面に向かって延伸しているものであることを特徴とする単結晶製造装置。
- 前記冷却補助筒の材質は、黒鉛材、炭素複合材、ステンレス、モリブデン、タングステンのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の単結晶製造装置。
- 前記冷却筒の外側に保護部材が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の単結晶製造装置。
- 前記保護部材の材質は、黒鉛材、炭素繊維材、炭素複合材、ステンレス、モリブデン、タングステンのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の単結晶製造装置。
- 前記冷却筒の下方に延伸する整流筒が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の単結晶製造装置。
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- 2008-12-18 KR KR1020107015315A patent/KR101473789B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101910474A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
JP2009161416A (ja) | 2009-07-23 |
JP4582149B2 (ja) | 2010-11-17 |
US20100258050A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
KR20100113510A (ko) | 2010-10-21 |
DE112008003609T5 (de) | 2011-02-17 |
DE112008003609B4 (de) | 2018-12-20 |
KR101473789B1 (ko) | 2014-12-17 |
CN101910474B (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
US9217208B2 (en) | 2015-12-22 |
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