WO2008010298A1 - circuit de génération de signal de modulation, module de transmission/réception et dispositif de radar - Google Patents
circuit de génération de signal de modulation, module de transmission/réception et dispositif de radar Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008010298A1 WO2008010298A1 PCT/JP2006/314517 JP2006314517W WO2008010298A1 WO 2008010298 A1 WO2008010298 A1 WO 2008010298A1 JP 2006314517 W JP2006314517 W JP 2006314517W WO 2008010298 A1 WO2008010298 A1 WO 2008010298A1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C3/00—Angle modulation
- H03C3/10—Angle modulation by means of variable impedance
- H03C3/12—Angle modulation by means of variable impedance by means of a variable reactive element
- H03C3/22—Angle modulation by means of variable impedance by means of a variable reactive element the element being a semiconductor diode, e.g. varicap diode
- H03C3/222—Angle modulation by means of variable impedance by means of a variable reactive element the element being a semiconductor diode, e.g. varicap diode using bipolar transistors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
- G01S7/4008—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system of transmitters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
- H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
- H03L1/022—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only by indirect stabilisation, i.e. by generating an electrical correction signal which is a function of the temperature
- H03L1/023—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only by indirect stabilisation, i.e. by generating an electrical correction signal which is a function of the temperature by using voltage variable capacitance diodes
Definitions
- Modulated signal generation circuit Modulated signal generation circuit, transmission / reception module, and radar device
- the present invention relates to a modulation signal generation circuit of a transmission / reception module mounted on a radar apparatus for performing distance measurement with a target and speed measurement, and in particular, a microwave and a millimeter for outputting a frequency modulation wave by a voltage control oscillator.
- the present invention relates to a modulation signal generation circuit such as a waveband.
- FM-CW radar has long been used as a radar for calculating an inter-vehicle distance to a preceding vehicle and a relative velocity.
- the radar emits a frequency modulated (FM modulated) signal wave to the target, detects the mixed wave (beat signal) of the reflected wave and the transmitted wave of the target force, and extracts the delay time and the dobbler shift. By doing this, the distance to the target and the relative velocity are calculated.
- FM modulated frequency modulated
- FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of a general transmission / reception module and a modulation signal generation circuit mounted on the above-mentioned FM-CW radar, which is a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that changes the oscillation frequency according to the control voltage.
- VCO voltage controlled oscillator
- 41, an FM modulation voltage generation unit 42 for inputting a control voltage to a VCO, a modulation signal generation circuit 40 composed of a VC 041 and an FM modulation voltage generation unit 42, and a signal output from the VCO are transmitted.
- a receiving unit 6 for extracting a mixed wave of a reflected signal from a target and a demultiplexed signal of the transmitting unit power.
- the measurement accuracy in the case where the transmission / reception module is applied to a range-finding 'velocity radar depends on the linearity of the FM modulation wave emitted from the modulation signal generation circuit 40, ie, the modulation linearity of the VC041 oscillation signal. doing. It is difficult to obtain a VCO with high linearity of FM modulation voltage-frequency characteristic (V-f characteristic) at the same time cost and technically.
- FIG. 15-1 shows the general V-f characteristic of VC041, where A is the characteristic at room temperature and B is the high temperature.
- the characteristics at the time, C shows the characteristics at low temperature.
- VC041 oscillates with FM modulation voltage V as center voltage V and amplitude ⁇ ⁇ (operating point ⁇ ), center frequency f, frequency
- the operating point moves to P and ⁇ , and the FM modulated wave ( ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ range) output from VC 041 is
- Patent Document 1 As such a conventional FM-CW radar apparatus, Patent Document 1 below generates modulation voltage (AC component) and DC offset voltage, in which the above-mentioned FM modulation voltage is controlled according to the temperature of the module.
- a prior art is disclosed that is configured of a modulation voltage circuit that causes a summing operation.
- V-f characteristic the voltage-frequency characteristic of VC041
- a method of compensating non-linearity with a control voltage that is, a method of correcting the V-f characteristic and the reverse slope to the FM modulation voltage output from the FM modulation voltage generator 42 is generally used.
- FIG. 16 shows the relationship between the modulation voltage-modulation frequency characteristic (curve F) of VC041 and the time-modulation voltage (correction voltage, curve G) for linearizing this.
- Patent Document 2 describes voltage data for correcting V-f characteristics in advance as an FM modulation linear technique of such a VCO.
- a modulation signal generation circuit for obtaining an analog signal output through a DZA converter and an integration circuit is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-8-146125 (paragraphs 9 to 18, see FIGS. 1 and 4)
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-62355 (see FIGS. 2 and 7) Disclosure of the invention
- the operating point P In order to obtain a predetermined FM modulation wave within several ranges, the operating point P must be changed and set for each individual VCO. Since the modulation sensitivity of each VCO changes due to the change of the operating point, the FM modulation correction voltage to be corrected also needs to be set individually according to this modulation sensitivity. Every time there was a problem that it took a huge amount of test adjustment time.
- the operating point is shifted horizontally (the DC offset of the modulation voltage is changed for each temperature), as shown in FIG.
- the modulation sensitivity fluctuates to 1.5 times at low temperature and 0.8 times at high temperature with respect to the modulation sensitivity at room temperature, and a large number of temperature compensations are performed to compensate for the temperature change of this modulation sensitivity.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and its object is to simplify temperature data of a modulation correction voltage for obtaining modulation linearity of an output signal of a voltage control oscillator.
- a modulation signal generation circuit is a modulation signal generation circuit that outputs a transmission wave whose frequency changes periodically and linearly with the passage of time, and a temperature monitor unit that detects a case temperature of the circuit. And a voltage controlled oscillator having two variable impedance circuits that independently control the oscillation frequency based on the input control voltage, and one of the variable A frequency correction voltage generation unit that outputs a voltage that compensates for temperature drift of the oscillation frequency according to the housing temperature detected by the temperature monitor unit to the impedance circuit; and temperature drift compensation by the frequency correction voltage generation unit Under the conditions, the other variable impedance circuit is provided with an FM modulation voltage generation unit for outputting a modulation voltage composed of a constant DC component independent of temperature and a predetermined AC component.
- the above-mentioned modulation signal generation circuit may be provided to constitute a transmission / reception module that transmits / receives an FM modulation wave and outputs a mixed wave power beat signal of the transmission wave and the reception wave.
- the above-mentioned modulation signal generation circuit is provided to transmit and receive an FM modulation wave, and the mixed signal power of the transmission wave and the reception wave is processed to obtain the relative distance with the target and the relative velocity.
- the radar apparatus to be calculated may be configured.
- the modulation operating point of the voltage controlled oscillator is changed for each temperature due to the restriction of the legal frequency range. This eliminates the need and enables FM modulation at an operating point where the modulation sensitivity of the voltage controlled oscillator does not change substantially with temperature.
- the test adjustment time can be significantly reduced by IJ.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a modulation signal generation circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a typical configuration example of a voltage controlled oscillator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3-1 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration example (a variable impedance circuit is connected to the base side of the active element) of the voltage controlled oscillator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3-2 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration example (a variable impedance circuit is connected to the collector side of the active element) of the voltage controlled oscillator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3-3 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration example of the voltage controlled oscillator according to the present invention (a variable impedance circuit is connected to the emitter side of the active element).
- Fig. 4-1 is a diagram showing a V-f characteristic (temperature characteristic) when the frequency compensation voltage of the modulation signal generation circuit according to the present invention is not temperature compensated.
- FIG. 4-2 is a diagram showing the V-f characteristic (normal temperature characteristic) when the frequency compensation voltage of the modulation signal generation circuit according to the present invention is changed.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the V-f characteristic (temperature characteristic) when the frequency compensation voltage of the modulation signal generation circuit according to the present invention is temperature compensated.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the Vp-f characteristic (temperature characteristic) of the modulation signal generation circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of an FM modulation voltage generation unit and a frequency correction voltage generation unit of the modulation signal generation circuit according to the present invention.
- Figure 7-1 shows the linear relationship between the V-f characteristics of the VCO and the output frequency.
- 1 is a graph showing the relationship between time and one modulation voltage (correction voltage).
- Fig. 7-2 is a graph showing the details of the waveform in the portion C on the curve B shown in Fig. 7-1.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the frequency compensation voltage-output frequency characteristic (Vp-f characteristic) of the VCO according to the present invention and the temperature frequency compensation voltage which makes the output frequency constant with temperature.
- FIG. 91 is a diagram showing temperature data tables of an FM modulation voltage and a frequency compensation voltage stored in a memory.
- FIG. 9-2 is a graph showing the time waveform of the FM modulation voltage stored in the memory.
- Figure 9 3 is a graph showing the time waveform of the frequency compensation voltage stored in the memory.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a time waveform of a VCO modulation voltage (correction voltage) according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11-1 is a flow chart showing a preparation procedure of FM modulation data to be applied to the present invention.
- FIG. 11-2 is a flow chart showing the procedure of creating frequency correction data performed following the flow of Fig. 11-1.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a transceiver module according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a radar system to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a conventional transmission / reception module.
- Figure 15-1 shows the Vf characteristics (temperature characteristics) of the conventional transceiver module
- Figure 15-2 shows the V-f characteristics (temperature characteristics) and the normal temperature and high
- Figure 16 shows the V-f characteristic of a typical VCO and the time-varying variation that linearizes the output frequency.
- VCO voltage controlled oscillator
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a modulation signal generation circuit according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a typical configuration example of VCOl.
- the circuit configuration shown here is an example of the configuration of the VCO having an impedance variable circuit whose frequency can be adjusted separately from the impedance variable circuit for FM modulation, and its control circuit, which can be controlled by voltage.
- the circuit configuration is not limited as shown in this configuration as long as any self-running oscillator has the same function as that described above.
- the modulation signal generation circuit is configured to include a voltage control oscillator (VCO) 1, an FM modulation voltage generation unit 2, a frequency correction voltage generation unit 3, and a temperature monitor unit 4.
- Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) 1 has two independent frequency control terminals.
- the FM modulation voltage generator 2 generates an FM modulation voltage which periodically changes with a predetermined voltage width around a predetermined DC component, and inputs it to one frequency control terminal of the VCO.
- the frequency correction voltage generation unit 3 outputs a frequency compensation voltage to the other frequency control terminal according to the ambient temperature independently of the above-mentioned FM modulation voltage generation unit.
- the temperature monitoring unit 4 detects the case temperature of the circuit.
- VCOl is an FM modulation voltage which is an alternating current component for performing a predetermined direct current component independent of temperature from FM modulation voltage generation section 2 and predetermined frequency modulation, and a housing temperature detected by temperature monitor section 4 In accordance with the frequency compensation voltage from the frequency correction voltage generation unit 3 given according to, an FM modulation signal having a predetermined modulation width is output.
- FIG. 2 This example mainly shows a VCO operating in the microwave and millimeter wave bands, and in the case of lumped constant electric parts such as capacitors and coils, the mounting due to the increase in the frequency of parasitic inductances such as leads and electrodes and capacitances.
- a reflective resonant oscillator with a distributed constant circuit is taken as an example. Therefore, depending on the frequency band used, a plurality of configurations can be considered for the circuit system and components used, and the configuration of the oscillator to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to this.
- the VCO 1 is configured to include an oscillation circuit unit 11 and a tuning circuit unit 12.
- the oscillation circuit unit 11 includes an active element 101, a reflection circuit 102, an output phase line 103, an input phase line 104, and a ground inductor 105.
- the oscillation circuit unit 11 performs feedback amplification at the operating frequency to obtain necessary reflection gain and phase conditions.
- the active element 101 is a three-terminal transistor having a gain and a diode having a negative resistance (a gun diode, an in-vehicle diode, or the like) in the oscillation frequency range such as FET (Field Effect Transistor) or HBT (Heterojunction Bipoler Transistor). Pad diodes, RTDs, etc. are used. Note that the phase noise of VCOl is a characteristic that largely affects the radar SZN.
- the lZf noise characteristic of the active element 101 employed in the oscillation circuit unit 11 becomes an important factor, and The active element 101 is selected in view of the gain.
- the input side phase line 104 and the ground inductor 105 are connected to the base of the active element 101 and the emitter terminal respectively, and the collector terminal of the active element 101 is a series circuit of the output side phase line 103 and the reflection circuit 102. Connected to form the required reflection gain and phase conditions.
- the power supply circuit of the active element 101 of the oscillation circuit unit 11 is omitted from the figure because it is complicated.
- the tuning circuit unit 12 is composed of two variable impedance circuits 13 and 14.
- the variable impedance circuits 13 and 14 respectively include variable capacitance diodes 106 and 107 and inductances 108 and 109, and form variable LC series resonators.
- Bypass capacitors 110 and 111 are connected in series with inductances 108 and 109, respectively.
- the frequency correction terminal 16 and the FM modulation terminal 17 constitute a frequency control terminal.
- the frequency correction terminal 16 and the FM modulation terminal 17 are connected to the variable capacitance diodes 106 and 107 through the stabilizing resistors 112 and 113, respectively, and input a control voltage.
- a frequency compensation voltage and an FM modulation voltage are input to the frequency correction terminal 16 and the FM modulation terminal 17 as control voltages, respectively.
- the impedance at the connection point of the variable impedance circuit 13, 14 ie the impedance of the parallel circuit is designed to be open at the operating frequency. At this time, the frequency at which the variable impedance circuit 13 or 14 is open is used.
- the output value from the RF output terminal 15 of the VCO 1 is controlled by controlling the capacitance value of the variable capacity diodes 106 and 107, that is, the input voltage of each terminal 16, 17.
- variable impedance circuits variable LC series resonators 13 and 14
- the oscillation frequency of VCOl is two variable capacitance diodes.
- the control voltage connected to ⁇ allows independent control.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing another configuration example having two impedance variable circuits (variable phase circuits).
- the VCO shown in FIG. 2 has a configuration in which two variable impedance circuits (variable LC series resonators) are provided in the tuning circuit section 12.
- two variable impedance circuits variable LC series resonators
- the force shown in FIGS. 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 the force shown in FIGS. 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3.
- one variable impedance circuit variable phase circuit
- the other variable impedance circuit is provided on the output phase line 103 of the oscillation circuit section 11, the input phase line 104, or It may be configured to be placed in the ground inductor 105.
- FIGS. 3-1 to 3-3 circuits having the same purpose as that of FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- variable impedance circuit 19 is provided with variable capacitance diode 106 (not shown in FIGS. 3-2 and 3-3), and both ends of variable capacitance diode 106 are bypassed.
- a capacitor 114 is connected.
- a choke coil 115 is connected between the variable capacitance diode 106 and the bypass capacitor 114.
- Variable Power Diode 106 Power Sword The choke coil 115 connected to the side is connected to the grounding capacitor 116 and the frequency correction terminal 16 via the series resistor 112, and the choke coil 115 connected to the anode side is grounded.
- one of the parallel resonant circuits of the tuning circuit 12 is configured by the main resonator 18.
- the main resonator 18 is formed of a series circuit of a capacitor 201 and an inductance 202 connected to ground.
- the impedance of the parallel circuit combined with the variable LC resonator 14 is selected to be open at the operating frequency.
- variable impedance circuit variable LC resonator
- the operating current (bias condition) of the active element in the oscillation circuit unit 11 can not be changed. It is a requirement to have a variable impedance circuit to compensate for temperature fluctuation (phase fluctuation) of the active circuit.
- FIG. 3-1 shows an example in which the variable impedance circuit 19 is connected to the base side of the active element 101
- FIG. 3-2 shows that the variable impedance circuit 19 is connected to the collector side of the active element 101
- FIGS. 3-3 show an example in which the variable impedance circuit 19 is connected to the emitter side of the active element 101.
- the operation of the modulation signal generation circuit according to the present invention will now be described.
- the relationship between the FM modulation voltage and frequency compensation voltage of VCO 1 and the output frequency is shown in FIG.
- the FM modulation voltage V having the center voltage V and the amplitude ⁇ is input from the FM modulation voltage generation unit 2 to one of the variable capacitance diodes 107 in VCOl.
- the wave number compensation voltage V is input to the other variable capacitance diode 106.
- VCOl By applying the above two control voltages (FM modulation voltage and frequency compensation voltage), at normal temperature, VCOl exhibits the FM modulation voltage output frequency characteristics (hereinafter referred to as V ⁇ ) shown in FIG.
- the output frequency of VCOl drifts in temperature. Therefore, when the frequency compensation voltage V is constant, the Vf characteristic changes in the direction of the frequency axis.
- the operating point P of P moves to P and ⁇ on characteristics B and C, and the FM modulated wave (
- the frequency modulation width ⁇ , the range of ⁇ ) exceeds the legal frequency range such as the Radio Law.
- the temperature drift of the oscillation frequency of the VCOl also depends on the modulation sensitivity of the VCO (the rate of change of the oscillation frequency with respect to the FM modulation voltage).
- the modulation sensitivity of the VCO There is a frequency drift of 3 to 4 MHz Z ° C with respect to ambient temperature change.
- the oscillation frequency of the VCO fluctuates by about 3 45 to 460 MHz.
- this VCO is applied to the 77 GHz band transmission / reception module for FM-CW radar. In the case, the frequency is doubled, resulting in a variation of 690 MHz to 920 MHz.
- the oscillation frequency of the VCO also inevitably varies. Do. Although this variation amount also depends on the circuit configuration, it takes about 600 MHz to 70 MHz, which is equal to or higher than the above temperature drift, in consideration of production lots. Therefore, assuming the temperature drift and individual variation of the oscillation frequency of the VCO, the legal frequency range of 76 GHz to 77 GHz of the 77 GHz band low power radar will be easily exceeded.
- the output frequency is changed by changing the frequency compensation voltage Vp.
- Vp frequency compensation voltage
- Curves D, E, F also change in the vertical direction according to the ambient temperature, similarly to curve A in FIG.
- the frequency compensation voltage Vp of the three frequency correction voltage generators is changed according to the casing temperature T detected by the temperature monitor 4.
- the capacitance value of one of the variable capacitance diodes 106 and changing the impedance of the parallel resonator 13 the temperature variation of the impedance on the oscillation circuit side is compensated. Due to this compensation, the V-f characteristic of VCOl is
- FM modulation can be performed at an operating point where the modulation sensitivity is almost constant within the operating temperature range.
- the characteristic (Vp-f characteristic) is shown in Figure 5.
- the frequency change in the vertical axis due to the frequency compensation voltage as shown in Figure 42 is shown in the horizontal axis as the frequency compensation voltage Vp and the vertical axis as the output frequency. Show.
- the setting values of the frequency compensation voltage Vp at normal temperature, low temperature and high temperature are voltages corresponding to the operating point P, ⁇ and ⁇ (corresponding to the operating point in Fig. 4-3).
- the frequency change amount ⁇ (high temperature) and ⁇ (low temperature) correspond to the temperature drift amount of the frequency at high temperature and low temperature, and the frequency compensation voltage Vp is set to be in the opposite direction to the temperature drift direction. Also, the temperature drift compensation range of frequency (ie operating point P ", P
- CAB CAB
- the frequency variable range other than the above is the output of VCO 1 caused by the manufacturing process and the variation of the solid, as described above. It can be used for adjustment of frequency variation.
- the frequency compensation voltage Vp output from the frequency correction voltage generation unit 3 is adjusted for each temperature to compensate for temperature fluctuations on the oscillation circuit side, whereby the oscillation frequency of the VCO is approximately constant. Since the adjustment can be made within the range, it is possible to compensate for the temperature drift of the oscillation frequency of the VCO, and to obtain the modulation output while maintaining the legal frequency range of the Radio Law. In addition, since the frequency correction function described above can tolerate the variation of the absolute frequency of the VCO within the range of variable frequency width, it is possible to improve the yield deterioration.
- the temperature characteristic of the semiconductor element constituting the VCOl is such that the characteristic change of the active element 101 constituting the oscillation circuit section 11 is larger than that of the variable capacitance diodes 106 and 107 in the tuning circuit section 12.
- the frequency temperature drift of the VCO of the configuration as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 3 is generally dominated by the temperature fluctuation of the active element 101. Therefore, the temperature characteristics of the capacitance change of variable capacitance diodes 106 and 107 do not greatly contribute to the oscillation characteristics of VCO, and as a result, the modulation sensitivity (V-f characteristic and the slope of Vp-f characteristic) of VCOl It does not change much.
- the distance measurement error can be significantly improved.
- the measurement distance accuracy of an FM-CW radar is proportional to the frequency modulation width ⁇ ⁇ of the transmission wave output from the modulation signal generation circuit, and the frequency modulation width ⁇ is proportional to the modulation sensitivity of the above VCO. If the modulation sensitivity at high temperature is almost equal to the modulation sensitivity at room temperature, an FM modulation voltage with a constant amplitude at each temperature will give a nearly constant measurement distance (error ⁇ about%) regardless of temperature. .
- This error is the conventional V
- a voltage controlled oscillator (hereinafter referred to as VCO) having two variable impedance circuits capable of independently controlling oscillation frequency is used, one is assigned for FM modulation, and the other is temperature fluctuation.
- VCO voltage controlled oscillator
- the frequency compensation voltage output from the frequency correction voltage generation unit is adjusted according to the temperature T detected by the temperature monitoring unit to compensate for the temperature fluctuation on the oscillation circuit side, and the oscillation frequency of the VCO is approximately It can be adjusted within a certain range.
- the modulation operating point of the VCO changes for each temperature due to the restriction of the legal frequency range of the Radio Law. It is not necessary to do this, and FM modulation is possible at an operating point where the modulation sensitivity of the VCO does not change substantially with temperature. That is, by compensating the frequency temperature drift of the VCO with the frequency compensation voltage and performing the FM operation with the modulation voltage having a constant DC component independent of temperature, the fluctuation of the modulation sensitivity due to the temperature is almost eliminated, and the modulation straight line of the output signal Can significantly simplify the temperature data of the modulation correction voltage to obtain the test result and significantly reduce the test adjustment time.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of an FM modulation voltage generation unit and a frequency correction voltage generation unit of the modulation signal generation circuit according to the present invention.
- the circuit configuration shown here is a component showing the means for generating the minimum required voltage for control of VCOl, and the circuit configuration as necessary due to the power supply voltage of the control circuit and the output voltage range of each circuit. Is not limited as shown in this configuration.
- the FM modulation voltage generation unit 2 In the modulation signal generation circuit shown in FIG. 6, the FM modulation voltage generation unit 2 generates an FM modulation voltage which periodically changes with a predetermined voltage width centering on a predetermined DC component to generate one frequency of the VCO. Input to the control terminal.
- the frequency correction voltage generation unit 3 outputs a frequency compensation voltage to the other frequency control terminal in accordance with the housing temperature independently of the above-mentioned FM modulation voltage generation unit.
- the temperature monitoring unit 4 detects the case temperature of the circuit.
- the microcomputer 7 incorporates memories (ROMs) 8a to 8c, an AZD converter 9 and a data control unit 10.
- the AZD converter 9 converts the electrical signal from the temperature monitoring unit 4 into a digital signal.
- the DZA converter 21 for FM modulation voltage converts a digital value into an analog value according to the output value of the memory 8a (modulation voltage memory).
- the voltage smoothing filter 22 smoothes the voltage waveform by blocking the high frequency component of the output of the DZA variation for the FM modulation voltage.
- the frequency compensated voltage DZA converter 31 converts a digital value into an analog value according to the output value of the memory 8c (frequency correction voltage memory).
- the data control unit 10 generates a control signal to output the address value of each of the memories 8a to 8c of the data corresponding to the detected housing temperature, and generates a necessary trigger signal to the DZA converter 21. .
- FM modulation voltage generation unit 2 has the modulation voltage output frequency characteristics (curved line) of VCO 1 such that the output frequency of VCOl changes linearly with time.
- Output FM modulation voltage (curve B) with reverse slope characteristic to A).
- the memory 8a incorporated in the microcomputer 7 stores FM modulation voltage data (data of discrete voltage values) at each temperature described above.
- the memory 8b time memory
- an ideal voltage with smooth FM modulation voltage input to the DZA converter 21 for FM modulation voltage (FIG. 7).
- Time interval data corresponding to each FM modulation voltage output for controlling the output time of the FM modulation voltage (data of discrete voltage value) in the memory 8a is stored so as to approach the curve B) of FIG.
- the data control unit 10 according to the casing temperature detected from the temperature monitor unit 4 through the AZD converter 9, the FM modulation voltage data in the memory 8a corresponding to the temperature and the time interval in the memory 8b. Reads and outputs data address value and receives time interval data from memory 8b. Furthermore, a timing signal is generated based on this time interval data, and a trigger signal is output so that the FM modulation voltage data is output from the DZA converter 21 for FM modulation voltage.
- the memory 8 a sets (sets) the FM modulation voltage corresponding to the address value from the data control unit 10 in the DZA variation 21 for the FM modulation voltage.
- the DZA converter 21 for the FM modulation voltage outputs the set FM modulation voltage in synchronization with the trigger signal from the data control unit 10 (solid line B 'in FIG. 7-2).
- the voltage smoothing filter 22 reduces sampling noise generated according to the output period of the DZA converter 3 for FM modulation voltage.
- the FM modulation voltage waveform (dotted line B) that is ideal for obtaining the modulation linearity of VC Ol from discrete FM modulation voltage data in the memory 8a.
- a voltage waveform (modulated target voltage waveform) can be realized.
- frequency correction voltage generation unit 3 generates frequency compensation voltage of VCOl as shown in FIG. 8 so that the oscillation frequency of VCOl is substantially constant with respect to temperature change.
- -Output a frequency compensation voltage with reverse slope characteristics as shown in curve E for the output frequency characteristics (curve D). That is, on the frequency compensation voltage Vp output frequency f characteristic of FIG. 8, the amount of frequency drift ⁇ (high temperature) at high temperature and low temperature from the operating point P at normal temperature shown in FIG.
- the memory 8 c built in the microcomputer 7 stores frequency compensation voltage data (discrete value) of each of the above temperatures.
- the data control unit 10 outputs an address value in the memory 8 c corresponding to the temperature according to the case temperature detected from the temperature monitor unit 4 via the AZD converter 9.
- the memory 8 c sets frequency compensation voltage data corresponding to the address value from the data control unit 10 in the frequency compensation voltage DZA converter 31.
- For frequency compensation voltage DZA variation 31 sets frequency compensation voltage set from memory 8c.
- the output timing control of the frequency compensated voltage DZA converter 31 outputs a constant voltage corresponding to the temperature detected by the temperature monitor unit 4 (it is not a time waveform). Output time interval control based on time data and waveform smoothing are not necessary, and although not shown, output control may be performed based on a predetermined data output cycle such as a modulation trigger.
- FIG. 9 shows a temperature data table (FIG. 9-1) required for each temperature stored in the memories 8a to 8c, an FM modulation voltage V (FIG. 9-2), and a frequency compensation voltage Vp (FIG. 9). — Each control power of 3)
- Reference numeral 91 denotes FM modulation voltage data
- reference numeral 92 denotes time interval data
- reference numeral 93 denotes frequency compensation voltage data.
- Frequency compensation voltage data Vp is stored for each temperature table, and FM modulation voltage data V and time interval data t are stored for each temperature table in time series.
- the microcomputer 7 searches for the temperatures T and T closest to the temperature T with respect to the case temperature T detected by the temperature monitoring unit 4 and stores the data corresponding to the temperatures ⁇ and T as a memory 8 n n + 1 n n + 1
- a predetermined address force in a to 8c is read out and interpolated by data force linear or polynomial approximation of each temperature to calculate and output an FM modulation voltage and a frequency compensation voltage corresponding to the case temperature T.
- the voltage data corresponding to temperature T (F) is read out and interpolated by data force linear or polynomial approximation of each temperature to calculate and output an FM modulation voltage and a frequency compensation voltage corresponding to the case temperature T.
- the distance measurement accuracy of the FM-CW radar is proportional to the frequency modulation width ⁇ of VCOl. If it is intended to suppress the distance measurement accuracy to 1% or less by the above correction voltage circuit of each temperature, for example, in FM CW radar with modulation sensitivity 500 MHz / V of VCOl and frequency modulation width 100 MHz, allowable frequency modulation The width error is 1 MHz, and the correction voltage required for this is inversely proportional to the modulation sensitivity, and with a modulation voltage width of 200 mVp-p, the accuracy is less than ⁇ 2 mV. With the above circuit configuration and the correction data output method, highly accurate FM correction modulation voltage can be obtained at each temperature.
- the modulation correction voltage data requiring a large amount of data according to temperature hardly changes with temperature according to the present invention as shown in FIG. Highly accurate frequency modulation output can be obtained.
- the number of test temperatures for acquiring each modulation correction voltage data can be reduced, and the test and adjustment time can be significantly reduced.
- FM modulation correction data FM modulation data
- frequency compensation data FM modulation data
- each voltage at which the output frequency falls within the legal frequency first at room temperature is Determine.
- the frequency compensation voltage set at room temperature is set to a voltage value corresponding to the center of the output frequency variation range obtained in the output voltage range, taking into consideration the frequency compensation at high temperature and low temperature.
- frequency compensation voltage values at each temperature are determined (normal temperature test), and finally, F M modulation correction voltage data at each temperature is measured and calculated (temperature test).
- step 2 Set the efalt value) and input to each control terminal of VCOl (stepl). For this initial voltage, the output frequency of the modulation signal generation circuit is measured (step 2). If the output frequency is within the target range, set the above initial voltage as the normal temperature set value and hold it in the memory (step 3). If the output frequency is not within the target, adjust the frequency compensation voltage Vp within the adjustment limit range and measure the output frequency again (steps 21 to 23). If the target frequency can not be obtained within the above Vp adjustment limits, the FM modulation voltage V is also within the adjustment limits.
- step 24 to 26 Adjust and re-measure the frequency (steps 24 to 26). If the target frequency is obtained in step 22 and step 25, set the above Vp, V adjustment value as the normal temperature set value, and hold it in the memory (step 3). If the target can not be obtained, the output frequency of VCOl does not fall within the legal frequency range within the output range of each control voltage.
- the normal temperature set value of pressure Vp is determined.
- Vp-f characteristics are low temperature and high temperature for the same reason as the V-f characteristics described above.
- the frequency variation width at each temperature may be considered to generally follow the above normal temperature Vp-f characteristic.
- the temperature drift amount of the output frequency compensated by the frequency compensation voltage is also roughly determined by the elements and the circuit configuration, and the variation among individuals is small.
- the temperature gradient of the output of VCOl is obtained as ⁇ fd MHz Z ° C in advance.
- the frequency drift when the temperature changes from normal temperature To to low temperature Tc is A fd * (Tc ⁇ To), so the compensation voltage ⁇ ⁇ at the low temperature can also be determined for the curve D force in FIG.
- the frequency compensation voltage at any temperature is calculated from curve D and given as curve D. In the calculation, the obtained characteristics are polynomially approximated to derive the frequency compensation voltage mathematically (step 5).
- the temperature table (FIG. 9) of the frequency compensation voltage at each temperature derived by the above processing is written as data to the memory 8c (step 6).
- the modulation correction voltage is calculated directly from the measured data obtained at each temperature because it requires highly accurate control.
- the ambient temperature of the modulation signal generation circuit is set (step 7).
- the frequency compensation voltage (* 2) corresponding to the test temperature calculated in the previous step is set (step 8).
- the output frequency of the modulation signal generation circuit is compensated to a frequency close to normal temperature.
- a test voltage pattern (voltage linearly changing with a predetermined gradient with respect to time) is input to the FM modulation voltage terminal of VCOl (step 9), and the time change of the frequency is measured.
- V f curve Figure 8
- Get curve A) (step 10).
- the range of the test voltage at this time is the first FM
- the modulation voltage (* 1) is the center voltage, and it is an FM modulation voltage with an amplitude that can output the modulation frequency width ⁇ B required by the module.
- the above Vf curve is expressed by polynomial approximation
- the central voltage (DC component) of the FM modulation voltage set at each temperature is set to V (a temperature independent
- Equation 2 The frequency change width ⁇ f at an arbitrary voltage is expressed by Equation 2.
- Equation 3 is given for the period Tm, modulation frequency width ⁇ , and lower limit frequency f.
- Equation 4 The frequency change width ⁇ at any time is expressed by Equation 4.
- t t + ⁇ a * ( V 2 - V 2) + b * (V - V) ⁇ / (AB / Tm)
- t t + ⁇ a * (V 2 -V 2 ) + b * (V-V) ⁇ / (AB / Tm)
- step 14 ⁇ step 7 modulation correction voltage data in the working temperature range can be created.
- the temperature data for example, 12 temperatures
- these three temperature data force memories 8a and 8b are expanded by data interpolation of three force points.
- the procedure for expanding the 3 measured temperature data to 12 temperatures will be described.
- linear or quadratic polynomial interpolation is performed from the first-order and second-order coefficients of the above three V-f curve approximation expressions.
- modulation correction data (modulation correction voltage and time interval data) are calculated using Eq. 3 and Eq. 4 in the same manner as in the case of measurement of three temperatures.
- the temperature data (modulation correction voltage and time interval data) for the measured 3 temperatures and the interpolation 9 temperatures calculated in the above procedure are stored in the memories 8a and 8b.
- the FM modulation voltage generation unit 2 interpolates the nearest two temperature data linear or polynomial approximation to the detected housing temperature (Fig. 9-2, Fig. 9). -3) calculate and output the FM modulation voltage corresponding to the case temperature.
- Equation 1 the first-order or higher coefficient is the slope of the Vf curve (modulation sensitivity) ⁇
- Equations 2 and 4 derive the relationship between modulation correction voltage and time by focusing on the frequency change width.
- the coefficients a and b can be approximately equal at each temperature. Therefore, for temperature interpolation from measured data of three temperatures without using the zero-order coefficient More sufficient accuracy can be obtained.
- the 0th order (intercept) when included, it becomes an equation focusing on the frequency in Equation 1 and Equation 2, and it is shown in the following Equation 7 where V is the FM voltage that gives the lower limit frequency.
- Equation 7 the zeroth-order coefficient (V-f curve approximation equation) is used to relate the frequency to the voltage.
- the zero-order coefficient c becomes an error factor of time data calculated by the frequency component of the VCO itself and the temperature compensation by the frequency compensation voltage so that the error factor is larger than the coefficients a and b.
- the temperature drift of the output frequency is compensated, and the FM operation is performed with the modulation voltage having a constant DC component independent of the temperature, thereby reducing the fluctuation of the modulation sensitivity due to the temperature.
- the modulation modulation voltage data can create an ideal FM modulation voltage waveform to obtain modulation linearity of the output signal. Furthermore, the number of test temperatures for acquiring each correction data can be reduced, and the test and adjustment time can be significantly reduced.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a transmission / reception module according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the circuit configuration shown here indicates the minimum necessary transmit / receive module components for extracting the beat circumference signal necessary for distance measurement and speed measurement in the radar device, and the source oscillation frequency of the VCO and the number of transmission / reception channels Depending on the radar performance, the circuit configuration may be changed as needed, such as multipliers, switches and amplifiers, as shown in this configuration.
- reference numeral 70 denotes the first or second embodiment of the present invention.
- the transmitter 5 transmits the signal output from the VCO 1 and branches a part of the transmission signal.
- the receiving unit 6 receives the reflected signal, and extracts a mixed wave (hereinafter referred to as a beat signal) with the demultiplexed signal from the transmitting unit.
- a beat signal a mixed wave
- modulation signal generation circuit 70 compensates the output frequency drift and outputs an FM modulation wave having a predetermined modulation width.
- the FM modulated wave is emitted by the transmitter 5 to an external target.
- the reflected wave of the target force is received by the receiver 6 and mixed with the demultiplexed signal of the transmission signal to obtain a beat signal.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a radar system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 70 denotes the modulation signal generation circuit described in the first or second embodiment of the present invention.
- the radar apparatus includes a transmitting unit 5, a receiving unit 6, a transmitting antenna 50, a receiving antenna 60, and a signal processing unit 80.
- the modulation signal generation circuit 70 compensates for the output frequency drift and outputs an FM modulation wave having a predetermined modulation width.
- the FM modulated wave is multiplied by the transmitting unit 5 as needed, amplified, and emitted from the transmitting antenna 50 to an external target.
- a part of the transmission signal is demultiplexed to the receiver 6.
- the reflected wave from the target is received by the receiving unit antenna 60, amplified as necessary by the receiving unit 6, and then mixed with the demultiplexed signal of the transmission signal to obtain a beat signal.
- the beat signal is subjected to the delay time and the Doppler shift in the signal processing unit 80 to calculate the distance to the target and the relative velocity.
- the modulation signal generation circuit according to Embodiment 1 or 2 as the modulation signal generation circuit of the radar device, the legal frequency range of the Radio Law is maintained. It is possible to obtain a modulated output, and the modulation Since it can be obtained, it is possible to construct a radar system with high accuracy and speed accuracy with less errors due to temperature and time fluctuation.
- the modulation signal generation circuit is a radar device for measuring a distance measurement velocity of an FM-CW radar device or the like, to which a microwave or millimeter-wave free-running oscillator having a large temperature drift of frequency is applied.
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- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
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US12/096,951 US7847644B2 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2006-07-21 | Modulation signal generation circuit, transmission/reception module, and radar device |
EP06781439.2A EP2045616B1 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2006-07-21 | Modulation signal generation circuit, transmission/reception module, and radar device |
PCT/JP2006/314517 WO2008010298A1 (fr) | 2006-07-21 | 2006-07-21 | circuit de génération de signal de modulation, module de transmission/réception et dispositif de radar |
CN200680050982.9A CN101361007B (zh) | 2006-07-21 | 2006-07-21 | 调制信号发生电路、发送接收模块、以及雷达装置 |
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PCT/JP2006/314517 WO2008010298A1 (fr) | 2006-07-21 | 2006-07-21 | circuit de génération de signal de modulation, module de transmission/réception et dispositif de radar |
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US (1) | US7847644B2 (ja) |
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EP2045616A1 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
EP2045616A4 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
EP2045616B1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
CN101361007B (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
US20090224845A1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
US7847644B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
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