WO2007110976A1 - 面状発熱体とそれを用いた座席 - Google Patents
面状発熱体とそれを用いた座席 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007110976A1 WO2007110976A1 PCT/JP2006/313938 JP2006313938W WO2007110976A1 WO 2007110976 A1 WO2007110976 A1 WO 2007110976A1 JP 2006313938 W JP2006313938 W JP 2006313938W WO 2007110976 A1 WO2007110976 A1 WO 2007110976A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- planar heating
- element according
- polymer resistor
- electrodes
- Prior art date
Links
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000003504 2-oxazolinyl group Chemical group O1C(=NCC1)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a deformable thin planar heating element having flexibility that can be attached to a device having an arbitrary surface shape, high reliability, and PTC characteristics.
- the present invention also relates to a seat using this planar heating element.
- JP-A-56-13689, JP-A-8-120182, US Pat. No. 7049559, etc. disclose conventional planar heating elements.
- This resistor generates heat when energized.
- carbon black, metal powder, graphite, etc. are generally used as the conductive material, and crystalline resin is used as the base polymer. With such materials, this heat generating part exhibits PTC characteristics.
- FIG. 21 is a perspective plan view of a conventional planar heating element
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 22-22 in FIG.
- the planar heating element 60 includes a base material 50, a pair of comb-shaped electrodes 51 and 52, a polymer resistor 53, and a covering material 54.
- the electrically insulating substrate 50 is made of a resin such as a polyester film.
- the comb-shaped electrodes 51 and 52 are formed by printing and drying a conductive paste such as silver paste on the substrate 50.
- the polymer resistor 53 is formed by printing and drying polymer resistor ink at a position where power is supplied by the comb-shaped electrodes 51 and 52.
- the covering material 54 made of the same material as the base material 50 covers and protects the comb-shaped electrodes 51 and 52 and the polymer resistor 53.
- FIG. 23 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus for bonding the covering material 54 together. In this way, there are two powers for heating and pressing! It is common to use a laminator 58 consisting of hot rolls 56 and 57.
- a substrate 50 in which comb-shaped electrodes 51 and 52 and a polymer resistor 53 are formed in advance, and a coating material 54 in which a heat-fusible resin 55 is bonded in advance are supplied, and these are heated and heated 56, Heat and press at 57. In this way, the planar heating element 60 is produced.
- the PTC characteristic means a resistance-temperature characteristic in which the resistance value increases as the temperature rises, and when the temperature reaches a certain temperature, the resistance value increases rapidly.
- the polymer resistor 53 having PTC characteristics can give the planar heating element 60 a self-temperature adjusting function.
- the conventional sheet heating element 60 uses a rigid material such as a polyester film as the base material 50. Further, it has a five-layer structure composed of a base material 50, comb-shaped electrodes 51 and 52 printed thereon, a polymer resistor 53, and a covering material 54 disposed thereon. Therefore, depending on the material and the thickness of the base material 50 and the covering material 54, flexibility is lacking. That is, when the sheet heating element 60 is used for a car seat heater (heater for heating a seat in an automobile), the seating feeling is impaired, and when it is used for a handle heater, the feeling of touch is impaired.
- the shape is planar
- the force is exerted over the entire surface and the planar heating element 60 is deformed.
- the comb-shaped electrodes 51 and 52 and the polymer resistor 53 are cracked at the folded portion. Therefore, durability may be reduced.
- the base material 50 such as a polyester sheet and the covering material 54 are used without air permeability, moisture tends to be trapped when used for a car seat heater or a needle heater. Therefore, when used for a long time, the feeling of sitting will be lost.
- the present invention is a planar heating element that imparts flexibility to conform to a shape deformed by an external force and improves reliability such as a feeling of use and durability when attached to an instrument.
- the planar heating element of the present invention comprises an electrically insulating substrate, a pair of electrodes disposed on the substrate, and these electrodes. And a polymer resistor electrically connected.
- the polymer resistor is a resin composition that is crosslinked through one of oxygen and nitrogen, and is mixed with the resin composition, and at least one of a fiber-like conductor and a flake-like conductor. ,including.
- the sheet heating element is configured by three layers of a base material, an electrode, and a polymer resistor. Therefore, it is flexible and can be provided immediately and at low cost.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a planar heating element in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective side view showing a seat of an automobile to which a planar heating element according to an embodiment of the present invention is attached.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective front view of the seat shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram for explaining the PTC expression mechanism in the conventional configuration.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a state in which the state force temperature shown in FIG. 4A has increased.
- FIG. 4C is a diagram for explaining the PTC expression mechanism in the planar heating element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4D is a diagram showing a state in which the state force temperature shown in FIG. 4C has increased.
- FIG. 5A is a plan view showing another planar heating element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 6A is a plan view showing still another planar heating element in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 7A is a plan view showing another planar heating element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view showing still another planar heating element in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 8A.
- FIG. 9A is a plan view showing a planar heating element according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 9A.
- FIG. 10A is a plan view showing another planar heating element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 10A.
- FIG. 11A is a plan view showing still another planar heating element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 11A.
- FIG. 12A is a plan view showing another planar heating element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 12A.
- FIG. 13A is a plan view showing still another planar heating element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 13A.
- FIG. 14A is a plan view showing a planar heating element in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 14A.
- FIG. 15A is a plan view showing another planar heating element in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 15A.
- FIG. 16A is a plan view showing still another planar heating element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 16A.
- FIG. 17A is a plan view showing another planar heating element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 17A.
- FIG. 18A is a plan view showing still another planar heating element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 18A.
- FIG. 19A is a plan view showing still another planar heating element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 19A.
- FIG. 20A is a plan view showing still another planar heating element in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20B is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG. 20A.
- FIG. 21 is a perspective plan view of a conventional planar heating element.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the planar heating element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an example of a conventional planar heating element manufacturing apparatus.
- FIG. 1A and IB are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a planar heating element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- . 2 and 3 are a side view and a front view, respectively, showing the seat of the automobile with the planar heating element shown in FIG. 1A.
- the planar heating element 1 includes an electrically insulating base material 2, a first electrode (hereinafter referred to as an electrode) 3 A, a second electrode (hereinafter referred to as an electrode) 3 B, and a polymer resistor 4.
- the electrodes 3A and 3B may be collectively described as the electrode 3.
- the electrodes 3A and 3B are arranged on the base material 2 so as to be symmetrical with each other, and are partially sewn to the base material 2 with a thread 3C.
- the polymer resistor 4 is formed on the base material 2 on which the electrode 3 is disposed by extruding it into a film by a T-die extrusion method. As a result, the polymer resistor 4 is thermally fused to the electrode 3 and the substrate 2.
- planar heating element 1 The central portion of the planar heating element 1 is punched after the polymer resistor 4 is heat-sealed to the electrode 3 and the substrate 2.
- the planar heating element 1 is configured.
- the lead wire for supplying electric power with power supply to the electrodes 3A and 3B is not shown.
- punching in the center is not limited to this location.
- Other seats may be provided depending on the material and shape of the skin 10 of the seat. In this case, the wiring pattern of the electrode 3 is changed.
- a conventional sheet heating element is composed of five layers of a base material, an electrode, a polymer resistor, a heat-fusible resin, and a coating material, whereas sheet heating is performed.
- the body 1 is composed of three layers of a substrate 2, a pair of electrodes 3, and a polymer resistor 4. Therefore, it is flexible and easy and low cost.
- the electrode 3 is sewn on the base material 2.
- the material cost is low.
- the processing man-hour is large! / ⁇ .
- processing costs are also lower when producing in areas with low processing rates.
- the polymer resistor 4 is electrically connected to the electrode 3 by thermal fusion. In this manner, the electrode 3 and the polymer resistor 4 and the substrate 2 and the polymer resistor 4 are joined by thermal fusion. As a result, the electrode 3 is disposed in an electrically connected state between the base material 2 and the polymer resistor 4.
- the substrate 2 is a non-one-punch type nonwoven fabric made of, for example, polyester fiber. Besides this, it may be formed of woven fabric. It is preferable that the base material 2 is impregnated with a flame retardant to impart flame retardancy.
- the electrode 3 is made of, for example, a tin-plated stranded copper wire having a resistance value of 0.03 Q Zcm or less. In addition to this, it may be composed of a woven braided copper wire. In this way, the electrode 3 is composed of a stranded copper wire or a woven braided copper wire, so that it is inexpensive and has excellent flexibility.
- the electrode 3 is preferably arranged in a wave shape as shown in FIG. 1A. Due to this configuration, even when elongation or deformation is applied, the electrode 3 has a large length due to the corrugated shape, and thus has excellent flexibility. In addition, the potential is equalized in the region corresponding to the wave width of the polymer resistor 4, and the heat generating portion of the polymer resistor 4 becomes uniform.
- the polymer resistor 4 is composed of a kneaded product of a fibrous conductor and a resin composition.
- the fibrous conductor examples include tin-plated and antimony-doped fiber-shaped conductive ceramics.
- Mick acid titanium can be used.
- the resin composition for example, a modified polyethylene having a carboxyl group as a reacted resin exhibiting PTC characteristics, a modified polyethylene having an epoxy group as a reactive resin reacting with the reacted resin, a liquid-resistant resin An ethylene-butyl alcohol copolymer is used as a component, and they are mixed and used.
- a flame retardant to the polymer resistor 4.
- a phosphorus flame retardant such as ammonium phosphate tricresyl phosphate
- a nitrogen flame retardant such as melamine, guanidine, guanylurea, or a combination thereof
- inorganic flame retardants such as magnesium hydroxide and antimony trioxide, and halogen flame retardants such as bromine and chlorine can be used.
- a kneaded material A is prepared in advance from a resin to be reacted that exhibits PTC characteristics, a liquid-resistant resin, and a fibrous conductor.
- a kneaded material B made of a flame retardant is prepared in advance. Then, both are mixed and extruded from a T-die to form a film. In this way, the polymer resistor 4 is produced.
- the weight ratio of the fibrous conductor, the resin composition, and the flame retardant is, for example, 35: 5: 60, and the resin to be reacted, the reactive resin, and the liquid-resistant resin are used in equal amounts.
- the planar heating element 1 is attached so that the base material 2 is arranged on the surface side on a seat part 6 which is a seat of an automobile as a heater for heating or a backrest 7 provided so as to rise from the seat part 6. Used. A seat base 9 and a skin 10 are used for the seat 6 and the backrest 7. The seat base material 9 such as a urethane note is deformed when a load is applied by a human body seated on the seat, and the shape is restored when the load disappears. The skin 10 covers the seat base 9. That is, the planar heating element 1 is attached by arranging the polymer resistor 4 side on the seat base material 9 and the base material 2 side on the skin 10. In addition, in order to correspond to the suspended part (not shown) of the seat part 6 and the backrest 7, an extension part (not shown) of the base material 2 to be suspended at the center part or the peripheral part is provided. There is.
- the thin sheet heating element 1 as described above is disposed along the deformable seat base material 9 and the skin 10. Therefore, the planar heating element 1 is also deformed similarly to the deformation of the seat 6 and the backrest 7. Have to do. For this purpose, various heat generation patterns are designed and electrodes for that purpose.
- a pair of wide electrodes 3A, 3B arranged so as to face each other are arranged along the outer side in the longitudinal direction of the planar heating element 1.
- a current flows through the polymer resistor 4 and the polymer resistor 4 generates heat.
- the polymer resistor 4 has a PTC characteristic, and has a self-temperature adjusting function so that the resistance value increases as the temperature rises to reach a predetermined temperature. That is, the polymer resistor 4 gives the planar heat generator 1 a function that is highly safe and does not require temperature control. Further, as a car seat heater incorporated in an automobile seat, the sheet heating element 1 can satisfy flame retardancy and liquid resistance if it is seated. The seating feeling can be satisfied by the same elongation characteristics as a seat skin material that does not feel like a paper, that is, a load of 7 kgf or less for 5% elongation.
- the planar heating element 1 having PTC characteristics can exhibit fast heat performance and energy saving performance.
- Tubing heaters require a temperature controller.
- the temperature controller controls the heat generation temperature by the tubing heater by controlling the energization by ON-OFF control. Since the heater wire temperature rises to about 80 ° C when ON, it must be placed at some distance from the skin 10.
- the heat generation temperature is self-controlled within the range of 40 ° C to 45 ° C. Therefore, it can be arranged close to the vicinity of the skin 10. Since the sheet heating element 1 is arranged in the vicinity of the skin 10 where the heat generation temperature is low, the rapid heating property and the heat radiation loss to the outside can be reduced. Therefore, energy saving can be realized.
- Body 1 is fire retardant.
- the sheet heating element (1) must satisfy the flame resistance of the automotive interior material flame retardant standard FMVSS302, but by placing a base material (2) made of flame retardant nonwoven fabric on the upper side of the seat. Can conform to this standard.
- flame retardancy is roughly defined as follows. That is, the gas bar is placed on the surface of the test specimen in the box-shaped evaluation device.
- nonflammability means that when the end face of a specimen is blown with a flame of gas and the flame of gas, which is the ignition source, is extinguished after 60 seconds, the ignition part of the specimen is burned but does not burn. means.
- self-extinguishing means that the test specimen is extinguished within 60 seconds, and the power is extinguished within 2 inches.
- FIGS. 4C and 4D show the case where a fibrous conductor 39 is used.
- the granular conductor 34 has a structure structure as shown in FIG. 4A. Point contact. Therefore, when an electric current is applied between the electrodes 31 and 32, the resin composition 33 generates heat as shown in FIG. 4B, and the conductive path is cut off sensitively by the change in specific volume due to the heat. In this way, a resistance temperature characteristic having a sudden increase in resistance value is exhibited.
- a fibrous conductor 39 is used for the polymer resistor 4. This increases the contact points of the conductive paths formed as shown in FIG. 4C. As a result, the conductive path is maintained with any change in the specific volume. On the other hand, in the case of a large specific volume change in the melting point or the like, the resistance temperature characteristic that causes a large change in resistance value is exhibited like the carbon black. Thus, in the polymer resistor 4, the contact point due to the overlap of the fibrous conductors 39 increases with respect to the hysteresis of the specific volume accompanying the crystallization of the resin composition 38 that exhibits the PTC characteristics. Increased value stability.
- liquid-resistant resin to the resin composition 38 of the polymer resistor 4.
- the polymer resistor 4 can have liquid resistance.
- Liquid resistance means non-polar oil It means resistance value stability when various liquids such as oil such as engine oil that is oil or brake oil that is polar oil, or organic solvent such as thinner that is low molecular weight solvent.
- thermoplastic polyester resin, polyamide resin, and polypropylene resin can be used alone or in combination as the liquid-resistant resin.
- a flexible polymer resistor 4 and a flexible resin composition 38 constituting the flexible polymer resistor 4 are required. Having flexibility means that the flexible rosin composition 38 is amorphous. In general, amorphous coffins swell easily and change in specific volume when in contact with various liquids. This also causes an increase in resistance as well as a change in specific volume due to heat. When a resin composition having no liquid resistance is used for a polymer resistor, and the resin composition swells, the polymer resistor does not easily recover its resistance value and does not generate heat.
- liquid-resistant rosin having high crystallinity it is preferable to add liquid-resistant rosin having high crystallinity to the rosin composition 38.
- the reactive reactive resin having flexibility allows the reactive reactive resin, the fibrous conductor, and the liquid-resistant active resin that express PTC characteristics to be partially chemically bonded.
- the liquid resistance of the polymer resistor 4 can be greatly improved.
- the polymer resistor 4 configured with the above-described blending ratio can satisfy a sufficient liquid resistance standard. That is, the resistance change before and after the test when the various liquids are dropped for 24 hours and energized for 24 hours and then left at room temperature for 24 hours is + 50% or less.
- the combination of the reactive functional group of the reactive resin constituting the resin composition 38 and the functional group of the resin to be reacted includes the following combinations in addition to the epoxy group and the carboxylic acid group described above. Is possible.
- the epoxy group undergoes addition polymerization by reacting with a carbonyl group such as a maleic anhydride group, an ester group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, etc. in addition to the carboxylic acid group described above. What is necessary is just to use the to-be-reacted resin which has these functional groups.
- an oxazoline group or a maleic anhydride group can be used as the reactive functional group.
- the resin composition 38 has a structure that is crosslinked through at least one of oxygen and nitrogen.
- the reactive functional group of the reactive resin reacts with the functional group of the reaction resin, which is a polar group, to form a chemical bond. Therefore, the reacted resin Thermal stability can be increased as compared with the case of a single substance.
- the resin composition 38 includes the reactive resin and the reactive resin that exhibits PTC characteristics, so that the fibrous conductor 39 can be formed by the adhesive force and bonding force of the reactive resin. Be captured. Furthermore, the conductive path by the fibrous conductor 39 is stabilized by the binding force between the reactive resin and the reactive resin.
- an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer that is a low melting point resin that exhibits PTC characteristics. It is preferable to use ester-based ethylene copolymers such as ethylene acrylethyl copolymer and ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer. In addition to this, when the exothermic temperature is appropriate, a reactive resin can also be used as the reacted resin.
- the fibrous conductor 39 in addition to the titanium oxide-based conductive ceramic fiber, a potassium titanate-based conductive ceramic whisker conductive ceramic fiber, a metal fiber such as copper or aluminum, a metal-plated glass fiber, etc. Insulating ceramic fibers with a conductive layer formed on the surface, carbon fibers such as PAN-based carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, or fibrous conductive polymers such as polylin may be used! Further, a flaky conductor may be used in place of the fibrous conductor 39.
- an electrically conductive ceramic whisker As the flaky conductor, an electrically conductive ceramic whisker, an insulating ceramic flake whisker having a conductive layer formed on the surface thereof, such as metal flakes or metal flake mica flakes, or scaly graphite can be used. Moreover, it is preferable to use a flame retardant material such as metal or ceramic for the viewpoint of realizing the flame resistance of the polymer resistor 4.
- FIG. 5A is a plan view of another planar heating element in the present embodiment
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5B-5B in FIG. 5A.
- a plurality of auxiliary electrodes 5 are provided between the electrodes 3A and 3B.
- the rest of the configuration is the same as in Figure 1A and Figure IB.
- FIG. 1A In the configuration of FIG. 1A, there is a case where the temperature is partially kept between the electrodes 3A and 3B, the resistance value of the portion increases, and the potential concentrates. When this state further progresses, a so-called hot line phenomenon occurs in which the temperature of a part of the polymer resistor 4 rises compared to the temperature of other parts.
- the auxiliary electrode 5 As shown in Fig. 5A, the potential is equalized and the hot line is Is avoided. Thereby, the safety of the planar heating element 1 is further increased.
- the auxiliary electrode 5 has a corrugated shape in which it is preferable to use a tin-mesh stranded copper wire or a tin-mesh braided copper wire as in the case of the electrode 3.
- the number of auxiliary electrodes 5 is not limited. The number should be set to one or more according to the size of the polymer resistor 4. That is, it is sufficient that at least a pair of auxiliary electrodes 5 are arranged in parallel with the electrode 3 and electrically connected to the polymer resistor 4.
- FIG. 6A is a plan view of still another planar heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6B-6B in FIG. 6A.
- the electrode 3 is provided by sewing after the polymer resistor 4 is thermally laminated in a film shape on the substrate 2. Then, in order to make the electrical connection between the electrode 3 and the high molecular resistor 4 more reliable, a heat and pressure treatment is applied! That is, the electrode 3 is exposed from four polymer resistors.
- the material of each component is the same as that shown in Fig. 1A.
- the planar heating element 1 as a car seat heater for automobiles is obtained in the same manner as the configuration of FIG. 1A.
- the electrode 3 is between the substrate 2 and the polymer resistor 4, whereas in the configuration of FIG. 6A, the electrode 3 is on the polymer resistor 4. Therefore, it is easy to confirm the position of the electrode 3, and it is possible to reliably perform the punching of the center portion of the base material 2 to increase flexibility.
- the auxiliary electrode 5 shown in FIG. 5A may be provided in this configuration.
- FIG. 7A is a plan view of another planar heating element in the present embodiment
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7B-7B in FIG. 7A.
- the slidable conductor 11 is provided on the polymer resistor 4 in advance, and then the electrode 3 is provided on the slidable conductor 11.
- the rest of the configuration is the same as in Figure 6A.
- the slidable conductor 11 is composed of, for example, a film formed by drying a paste using graphite or a film made of a resin compound formed by kneading graphite.
- the planar heating element 1 is flexible. As a result, the electrical connection between the electrode 3 and the polymer resistor 4 becomes more reliable.
- the auxiliary electrode 5 shown in FIG. 5A may be provided in this configuration. Also, a slidable conductor 11 may be provided at the location where the auxiliary electrode 5 is provided.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view of another planar heating element in the present embodiment
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8B-8B in FIG. 8A.
- the polymer resistor 13 is used instead of the polymer resistor 4.
- the polymer resistor 13 is produced by impregnating and drying an ink made of a material constituting the polymer resistor 4 in a mesh-like non-woven fabric or woven fabric having an opening.
- Other configurations are the same as those in FIG. 6A.
- the polymer resistor 13 has an opening and is deformable.
- planar heating element 1 using the polymer resistor 13 becomes more flexible.
- the bonding between the electrode 3 and the polymer resistors 4 and 13 is not limited to the force obtained by thermal bonding.
- the electrode 3 and the polymer resistors 4 and 13 can be electrically connected by bonding through a conductive adhesive or mechanical contact by simple pressing.
- a coating layer may be provided on the polymer resistors 4 and 13, the electrode 3, and the auxiliary electrode 5 on the opposite surface of the substrate 2 for the purpose of improving wear resistance.
- the covering layer preferably covers at least the weak polymer resistor 4. However, in consideration of flexibility, it is preferable to use a thin coating layer. In addition, since the weather resistance of the electrode is superior to the conventional one, a thin coating layer can be used.
- planar heating element 1 configured as described above on the seat 6 or the backrest 7 so that the base material 2 is on the surface side. That is, the thickness and hardness of the electrode 3 or the auxiliary electrode 5 are felt on the seating surface due to the cushioning property of the base material 2, and the seating feeling is not impaired.
- a flame-retardant nonwoven fabric as the base material 2 and disposing it on the surface side, it is possible to prevent the spread of fire in the combustion test and obtain a practical seat.
- 9A and 9B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a planar heating element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- 1A and FIG. IB in the first embodiment is that a liquid-resistant film 12 is bonded on a base material 2 and an electrode 3 is sewn and attached on the liquid-resistant film 12. ⁇ ! It is a point.
- the resin composition that constitutes the polymer resistor 4 is composed of a combination of a reactive resin that exhibits PTC characteristics and a reactive resin. Other configurations are the same as the configurations in FIG. 1A and FIG. IB in the first embodiment.
- the liquid-resistant film 12 is arranged in the direction in which various liquids permeate, that is, on the base 2 side. Therefore, the polymer resistor 4 is suppressed from coming into contact with various liquids, and as a result, the liquid resistance of the planar heating element 1 is improved.
- This configuration can also satisfy the same liquid resistance standard as in the first embodiment.
- the conventional sheet heating element is composed of five layers of a base material, an electrode, a polymer resistor, a heat-fusible resin, and a coating material, whereas the sheet-shaped heating element is planar.
- the heating element 1 is composed of four layers: a base material 2, a liquid-resistant film 12, a pair of electrodes 3, and a polymer resistor 4. Therefore, it exhibits flexibility and is easy and low cost.
- the liquid-resistant film 12 is preferably composed of a flame-retardant material having flame retardancy higher than that defined in the FMVSS302 standard. Thereby, the flame retardance of the planar heating element 1 is improved.
- a flame retardant material an ethylene butyl alcohol copolymer, a plastic polyester resin, a polyamide resin, and a polypropylene resin can be used alone or in combination.
- FIG. 10A is a plan view of another planar heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 10B-10B.
- the auxiliary electrode 5 is provided between the pair of electrodes 3 in the configuration of FIG. 9A as in FIG. Therefore, the safety of the planar heating element 1 can be further improved.
- FIG. 11A is a plan view of still another sheet heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 11B-11B.
- the electrode 3 is provided by sewing. Then, in order to make the electrical connection between the electrode 3 and the polymer resistor 4 more reliable, a heat and pressure treatment is performed. Even in such a case, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B of the first embodiment. Similar to the configuration, the planar heating element 1 as a car seat heater for automobiles is obtained. Then, the same effect as in FIGS. 6A and 6B of Embodiment 1 can be obtained. In this configuration, the auxiliary electrode 5 shown in FIG. 10A may be provided.
- FIG. 12A is a plan view of another planar heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 12B-12B.
- the electrode 3 After providing the slidable conductor 11 by force on the polymer resistor 4 in this way, the electrode 3 is provided at that position, so that the electrode 3 moves over the slidable conductor 11. Because of sliding, the flexibility of the sheet heating element 1 is further increased. In addition, the electrical connection between the electrode 3 and the polymer resistor 4 becomes more reliable. That is, the same effects as those in FIGS. 7A and 7B of the first embodiment can be obtained. Note that the auxiliary electrode 5 shown in FIG. 10A may be provided in this configuration.
- FIG. 13A is a plan view of still another sheet heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 13B-13B.
- the polymer resistor 13 is produced by impregnating and drying an ink having a material force constituting the polymer resistor 4 in a mesh-like nonwoven fabric or woven fabric having an opening. With this configuration, the polymer resistor 13 has an opening and can be deformed. Therefore, the planar heating element 1 using the polymer resistor 13 becomes more flexible. That is, the same effect as in FIGS. 8A and 8B of Embodiment 1 can be obtained.
- the planar heating element 1 configured as described above on the seat 6 and the backrest 7 shown in Figs. 2 and 3 so that the base material 2 is on the surface side. . That is, the cushioning property of the substrate 2 allows the thickness or hardness of the electrode 3 or the auxiliary electrode 5 to be felt on the seat surface and does not impair the seating feeling.
- the sheet heating element 1 according to the present embodiment is also preferably used for the seat 6 and the backrest 7 as in the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a sheet heating element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the 1A and FIG. IB in Embodiment 1 is different from the configuration of FIG. 1A and FIG. It is a point.
- Other configurations are the same as those in FIGS. 1A and 1B in the first embodiment.
- electrodes 3A and 3B are sewn and arranged on the substrate 2, and the polymer resistor 4 is extruded onto the film by a T-die extrusion method.
- Polymer resistor 4 is heat-sealed to electrode 3 and substrate 2.
- the position between the electrodes 3A, 3B of the polymer resistor 4 is punched with Thomson, and a slit 15 penetrating from the polymer resistor 4 to the base material 2 is provided, The
- the punching location in Thomson is not limited to this location, and may be provided in other locations depending on the shape of the skin material of the seat. In this case, it is necessary to change the wiring pattern of the electrode 3, but this can also be handled.
- the force that can be seen as a deformed shape familiar part in the central part is often identified as a deformed shape familiar part because the central part is often pulled out due to the shape of the skin material of the seat.
- the polymer resistor 4 is extruded onto the film 2 by the T-die extrusion method on the base material 2 previously punched with Thomson and provided with the slit 15, and the polymer resistor 4 is heated between the electrode 3 and the base material 2. It may be fused.
- the polymer resistor 4 is formed as a film on a separator (not shown) such as polypropylene or release paper and extruded by a T-die, and at this stage, the polymer resistor 4 is punched to form slits 15 in the polymer resistor 4. It may be provided. In the former case, the slit 15 is formed only on the base material 2, and in the latter case, the slit 15 is formed only on the polymer resistor 4.
- the planar heating element 1 is provided with the slit 15 which is a deformed shape conforming portion that conforms to a shape deformed by an external force. Therefore, the planar heating element 1 is easily deformed by an external force and provides a satisfactory seating feeling.
- FIG. 15A is a plan view of another planar heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 15B-15B.
- Constitutive Force in FIGS. 15A and 15B A difference from the configurations in FIGS. 14A and 14B is that a cutout portion 15A is provided as a deformed shape familiar portion.
- the polymer resistor 4 is placed on a separator (not shown) such as polypropylene or release paper. At the same time, the polymer resistor 4 is cut to provide a cutout portion 15A. Next, using a thermal laminator, the sheet heating element 1 is produced by attaching the polymer resistor 4 to the substrate 2 on which the electrode 3 is disposed and then removing the separator.
- a separator such as polypropylene or release paper.
- the electrode 3 and the polymer resistor 4 are heat-sealed to ensure electrical connection and provide a satisfactory seating feeling by the notch 15A that is a deformed shape familiar part. it can.
- FIG. 16A is a plan view of another planar heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 16B-16B.
- the polymer resistor 4 and the base material 2 are punched to form the slit 15, a part of the auxiliary electrode 5 is also punched.
- the auxiliary electrode 5 is provided between the pair of electrodes 3 so that the generation of the hot line can be avoided. Therefore, the safety of the planar heating element 1 can be further improved.
- FIG. 17A is a plan view of still another sheet heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 17B is a sectional view taken along the line 17B-17B.
- the polymer resistor 4 is thermally laminated in the form of a film on the base material 2, and then the electrode 3 is provided by sewing so as to make the electrical connection between the electrode 3 and the polymer resistor 4 more reliable. Therefore, heat and pressure treatment is performed. Thereafter, the polymer resistor 4 and the base material 2 are punched out to form a slit 15.
- the same effects as in FIGS. 6A and 6B of the first embodiment can be further obtained.
- the auxiliary electrode 5 shown in FIG. 16A may be provided in this configuration.
- FIG. 18A is a plan view of another planar heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 18B-18B.
- the electrode 3 After providing the slidable conductor 11 by force on the polymer resistor 4 as described above, the electrode 3 is provided at that position, so that the electrode 3 is placed on the slidable conductor 11. Because of sliding, the flexibility of the sheet heating element 1 is further increased. In addition, the electrical connection between the electrode 3 and the polymer resistor 4 is more reliable. Become fruit. That is, the same effects as those in FIGS. 7A and 7B of the first embodiment can be further obtained. Note that the auxiliary electrode 5 shown in FIG. 16A may be provided in this configuration.
- FIG. 19A is a plan view of still another sheet heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 19B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 19B-19B.
- the polymer resistor 13 is produced by impregnating and drying an ink having a material force constituting the polymer resistor 4 in a mesh-like nonwoven fabric or woven fabric having an opening. With this configuration, the polymer resistor 13 has an opening and can be deformed. Therefore, the planar heating element 1 using the polymer resistor 13 becomes more flexible. That is, the same effect as in FIGS. 8A and 8B of Embodiment 1 can be further obtained.
- FIG. 20A is a plan view of still another planar heating element according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 20B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 20B-20B.
- the electrically insulating second base material 14 on which the electrode 3 is sewn and the base material 2 on which the polymer resistor 4 is bonded are bonded together by thermal lamination to form the planar heating element 1. It is formed.
- the second base material 14 is provided on the surface opposite to the surface on which the base material 2 of the planar heating element 1 is disposed.
- the electrode 3 is fixed to the second base material 14.
- the polymer resistor 4 and the electrode 3 can be handled as separate parts. Therefore, it is possible to combine the slits 15 which are force-fitting deformed shape familiar parts and the notch parts 15A shown in FIG. That is, in this configuration, the deformed shape conforming portion can be provided on at least one of the base materials 2 and 14 and the polymer resistor 4. As a result, a planar heating element 1 that is deformed by an external force and has an excellent seating feeling can be obtained.
- the second base material 14 functions as the coating layer described in the first embodiment by being provided so as to cover at least the polymer resistor 4.
- the planar heating element 1 according to the present embodiment configured as described above is arranged and used on the seat 6 and the backrest 7 shown in Figs. 2 and 3 so that the base material 2 is on the surface side. Is preferred. In other words, the cushioning property of the base material 2 allows the thickness or hardness of the electrode 3 or the auxiliary electrode 5 to be felt on the seating surface and does not impair the seating feeling. In addition, using a flame retardant nonwoven fabric as the substrate 2, By disposing it on the surface side, it is possible to prevent the spread of fire in the combustion test and to obtain a practical seat. That is, the planar heating element 1 according to the present embodiment is also preferably used for the seat 6 and the backrest 7 as in the first embodiment.
- planar heating element has a simple structure and has flexibility to easily adapt to deformation due to external force.
- This planar heating element can be mounted on the surface shape of appliances that have a combination of, for example, a continuous curved surface and flat surface, so it can be used as a heater for automobile seats, handles, and other appliances that require heating. it can.
Landscapes
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/278,624 US20090051196A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-07-13 | Sheet heating element and seat making use of the same |
CN2006800523489A CN101336565B (zh) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-07-13 | 面状发热体以及使用其的座席 |
CA2642012A CA2642012C (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-07-13 | Sheet heating element and seat making use of the same |
JP2008506844A JPWO2007110976A1 (ja) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-07-13 | 面状発熱体とそれを用いた座席 |
EP06781058A EP1988748A4 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-07-13 | FLAT HEATING ELEMENT AND SEAT USING THE SAME |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006-091176 | 2006-03-29 | ||
JP2006091176 | 2006-03-29 | ||
JP2006091177 | 2006-03-29 | ||
JP2006-091177 | 2006-03-29 | ||
JP2006091178 | 2006-03-29 | ||
JP2006-091178 | 2006-03-29 |
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WO2007110976A1 true WO2007110976A1 (ja) | 2007-10-04 |
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PCT/JP2006/313938 WO2007110976A1 (ja) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-07-13 | 面状発熱体とそれを用いた座席 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20090051196A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1988748A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2007110976A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101336565B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2642012C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007110976A1 (ja) |
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JP2009151976A (ja) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-07-09 | Panasonic Corp | 高分子発熱体 |
WO2009104361A1 (ja) * | 2008-02-18 | 2009-08-27 | パナソニック株式会社 | 高分子発熱体 |
CN101605409A (zh) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-16 | 清华大学 | 面热源 |
JP2010021146A (ja) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-28 | Qinghua Univ | 線熱源の製造方法 |
JP2010129425A (ja) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-10 | Panasonic Corp | 抵抗体組成物およびこれを用いた発熱体 |
US20130277359A1 (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2013-10-24 | Panasonic Corporation | Ptc resistor |
JP2016029223A (ja) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-03-03 | 株式会社アイテック | 炭素含有紙 |
WO2017006303A1 (ko) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-12 | 한온시스템 주식회사 | 차량용 복사열 히터 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090051196A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
CA2642012C (en) | 2013-01-15 |
CN101336565A (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
CA2642012A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
EP1988748A1 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
CN101336565B (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
EP1988748A4 (en) | 2011-07-20 |
JPWO2007110976A1 (ja) | 2009-08-06 |
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