WO2007051377A1 - Hydrotalcite incorporant en couche un ou plusieurs anions organiques comprenant une double liaison et utilisation de celle-ci en tant que stabilisateur thermique - Google Patents
Hydrotalcite incorporant en couche un ou plusieurs anions organiques comprenant une double liaison et utilisation de celle-ci en tant que stabilisateur thermique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007051377A1 WO2007051377A1 PCT/CN2006/001233 CN2006001233W WO2007051377A1 WO 2007051377 A1 WO2007051377 A1 WO 2007051377A1 CN 2006001233 W CN2006001233 W CN 2006001233W WO 2007051377 A1 WO2007051377 A1 WO 2007051377A1
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- hydrotalcite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/78—Compounds containing aluminium, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
- C01F7/784—Layered double hydroxide, e.g. comprising nitrate, sulfate or carbonate ions as intercalating anions
- C01F7/785—Hydrotalcite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/20—Two-dimensional structures
- C01P2002/22—Two-dimensional structures layered hydroxide-type, e.g. of the hydrotalcite-type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/82—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by IR- or Raman-data
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel supramolecular intercalated hydrotalcite, in particular to a double bond organic anion intercalated hydrotalcite, and the hydrotalcite as a composite heat stabilizer for PVC.
- PVC and other chlorine-containing polymers can undergo auto-catalytic reaction of de-HC1 under high temperature or under the influence of high-energy rays (such as ultraviolet rays).
- the thermal decomposition mechanism is generally considered to be of three types: (1) Freedom in an oxygen-containing environment Base mechanism; (2) Ion mechanism in a nitrogen atmosphere; (3) Single molecule mechanism under vacuum conditions.
- the thermal degradation of PVC is a very complicated process. The direct consequence of degradation is that the color becomes darker and the structure and properties of the product are greatly damaged.
- Heat stabilizers are one of the main additives that are indispensable for the processing of PVC and other chlorine-containing polymers.
- the heat stabilizer should have the following functions: 1. It can absorb and neutralize the HC1 released by PVC during the process, preventing its autocatalysis in the presence of oxygen, and generating non-ionic products; 2. It can stop the growth of unsaturated silent bonds by means of addition, reduction, oxidation or free radical reaction; 3. It has light stabilizing effect, can absorb and reflect ultraviolet rays, such as light shielding agent, ultraviolet absorber, quencher, Free radical trapping agent and other substances; 4, with PVC has good solubility, easy to manufacture transparent products; 5, should be colorless, odorless, non-toxic, non-migratory, moderate price, does not affect the rheology of PVC resin and its basic feature.
- thermal stabilizers can be mainly classified into salt-based lead salts, metal soaps, organotins, rare earths and composite stabilizers according to their chemical structures.
- PVC heat stabilizers are developing towards low toxicity, pollution-free and high efficiency. It is of great significance to develop and develop a new generation of environmentally-friendly PVC heat stabilizers.
- Hydrotalcite also known as Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs)
- LDHs Layered Double Hydroxides
- Interlayer C0 3 2 - can be exchanged with HC1 entering the layer to achieve absorption of HC1, stable PVC and other chlorine-containing polymers.
- the cations of the laminate and the interlayer anions are modulated, and the elements which are beneficial to improve the thermal stability of the PVC are added, and a novel structure of the supramolecular intercalated hydrotalcite having a better thermal stability to PVC can be formed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an organic anion intercalated hydrotalcite containing a double bond; another object of the present invention is to use the hydrotalcite as a PVC heat stabilizer.
- the double bond organic anion intercalated hydrotalcite provided by the invention has the chemical composition formula:
- M 2+ represents one or both of divalent metal cations Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cu 2 Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Cd 2+ Preferred as one or both of Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Ca 2+ ;
- M 3+ represents one of a trivalent metal cation Al 3+ , Ni 3+ , Co 3+ , Fe 3+ , Mn 3+ , Cr 3+ , V 3+ , Ti 3+ , preferably Al 3 + or Ni 3+ ;
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is one of a double bond organic anion maleate, acrylate, butenoate, aminobutenoate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate, preferably maleate, acrylate or Butenoate
- X is the mole fraction of M 3+ ions, and its value ranges from 0.2 ⁇ x 0.33 ;
- m is the amount of crystal water, and its value ranges from 0 m ⁇ 2.
- the preparation method of the organic-organic intercalated hydrotalcite containing the silent bond according to the present invention is as follows:
- A. Dissolving M 2+ soluble nitrate and M 3+ soluble nitrate in a molar ratio of M 2+ /M 3+ of about 2 ⁇ 4 in deionized water de C0 2 to form a mixed salt solution , the concentration of M 2+ is 0.1 ⁇ 1.6mol / L; the ratio of the number of moles of NaOH to the total number of moles of metal ions in the mixed solution a ratio of about 1.8 to 2.5, dissolving NaOH in deionized water de C0 2 to prepare an equal volume of alkali solution with the mixed salt solution; adding the above two solutions to the reactor at the same time, reacting at room temperature for about 0.5-6 min, The obtained slurry is crystallized under the protection of N 2 at 60 to 100 ° C for about 3 to 8 hours, filtered, and washed with deco 2 deionized water to obtain a nitrate-type hydrotalcite precursor filter cake;
- step B Dissolving a double-bond organic acid in ethylene glycol to prepare a solution having an organic acid content of about 10 to 50% by mass, and dispersing the nitrate-type hydrotalcite precursor prepared in step A in ethylene glycol.
- the preparation of the hydrotalcite precursor has a mass percentage of 10% to 70%, and the ethylene glycol solution containing the organic acid is in a ratio of the organic acid to the hydrotalcite precursor in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to 5
- the mixture is added dropwise to an ethylene glycol dispersion containing an aqueous talc precursor, and the reaction system is controlled to have a pH of 4.0, heated to a reflux temperature, and reacted for 0.5 to 6 hours. After washing and drying, an intercalated hydrotalcite is obtained.
- M 2+ represents one of divalent metal cations Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Cd 2+ Or two, preferably one or two of Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ ;
- M 3+ represents a trivalent metal cation Al 3+ , Ni 3+ , Co 3+ , Fe 3+ One of Mn 3+ , Cr 3+ , V 3+ , Ti 3+ , preferably Al 3+ or Ni 3+ ;
- the double bond-containing organic acid in the step B may be one of maleic acid, acrylic acid, crotonic acid, aminobutenoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, preferably maleic acid or acrylic acid. Or butenoic acid.
- the double bond-containing organic anion intercalated hydrotalcite prepared above was mixed with calcium stearate and zinc stearate and added to PVC for static heat aging test.
- the results are shown in Table 1, indicating that the supramolecular insertion prepared by the present invention
- the layer structure hydrotalcite can effectively improve the thermal stability of PVC, and is an excellent PVC heat stabilizer.
- the reason is that the double bond in the molecule can react with the conjugated double bond generated by the decomposition of PVC to form a diene addition reaction, blocking the conjugate.
- the continuation of the double bond destroys the autocatalytic decomposition of PVC and can significantly improve the thermal stability of PVC.
- the present invention provides an organic anion intercalated hydrotalcite containing a double bond, which is used as a hydrotalcite
- PVC heat stabilizer can significantly improve the thermal stability of PVC.
- Fig. 1 is an XRD spectrum of a hydrotalcite precursor and a maleate intercalated hydrotalcite prepared in Example 1, wherein a is a curve of a hydrotalcite precursor and b is a curve of a maleate intercalated hydrotalcite.
- Example 2 is an IR spectrum of a hydrotalcite precursor, maleic acid intercalated hydrotalcite, and maleic acid prepared in Example 2, wherein a is a curve of a hydrotalcite precursor, and b is a maleate intercalated hydrotalcite.
- the curve, c is the curve of maleic acid.
- Figure 3 is a TG-DTA spectrum of the maleate intercalation MgZnAl-LDHs prepared in Example 2. detailed description
- Step B Disperse the above hydrotalcite precursor filter cake in 20 ml of ethylene glycol, dissolve 2.32 g of maleic acid in 3.0 ml of ethylene glycol, control pH>4.0, and add the ethylene glycol solution of maleic acid dropwise.
- the ethylene glycol dispersion of the hydrotalcite precursor is heated to reflux temperature for 6 hours, washed and dried to obtain a maleic acid intercalated hydrotalcite.
- the chemical formula is as follows: Mg 0 . 67 Al 0 . 33 (OH) 2 (C 4 H 2 O 4 ) 0 . 17 '0.6H 2 O.
- Step A 8.20 g of Mg(N0 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0, 3.17 g of Zn(N0 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0 and 8.00 g of A1(N0 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 0 are dissolved in deionized C0 2 80 ml of a mixed salt solution was prepared in water, and 4.70 g of NaOH was dissolved in deionized water de-C0 2 to prepare 80 ml of an alkali solution.
- Step B Disperse the above MgZnAl-N0 3 -LDHs precursor filter cake in 10 ml of ethylene glycol, and dissolve 4.96 g of maleic acid in 10 ml of ethylene glycol to control pH>4.0, maleic acid
- the ethylene glycol solution is added dropwise to the ethylene glycol dispersion of the hydrotalcite precursor, heated to reflux, and reacted for 1 hour. After washing and drying, the maleic acid intercalated hydrotalcite is obtained and determined by elemental analysis.
- the chemical formula is: M g0 50 Zn 0 . 17 Al 0 . 33 (OH) 2 (C 4 H 2 O 4 ) 0 . 17 . 0.53 ⁇ 4O.
- Step A Dissolve 7.68 g of Mg(N0 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0, 8.92 g of Zn(N0 3 ) 2 ' 6H 2 0 and 11.25 g of A1(N0 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 0 in deionized C0 2
- 40 ml of a mixed salt solution was prepared in water, and 7.28 g of NaOH was dissolved in deionized water de C0 2 to prepare 40 ml of an alkali solution.
- the two solutions were simultaneously added to the reactor for 4 min, and recrystallized at 100 ° C for 6 hours under N 2 protection.
- Step B Disperse the above MgZnA O r LDHs precursor filter cake in 13 ml of ethylene glycol, dissolve 5.22 g of maleic acid in 9 ml of ethylene glycol, control pH>4.0, and drop the ethylene glycol solution of maleic acid.
- the ethylene glycol dispersion of the hydrotalcite precursor was added, heated to reflux, and reacted for 4 hours, and washed and dried to obtain a maleic acid intercalated hydrotalcite.
- the chemical formula is determined by elemental analysis: Mg 0 . 33 Zn 0 . 33 Al 0 . 33 (OH) 2 (C 4 H 2 O 4 ) 0 . 17 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 63 ⁇ 4 ⁇ .
- Example 4 Example 4:
- Step ⁇ 8.20 g Mg(N0 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0, 3.17 g Zn(N0 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0 and 4.00 g A1(N0 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 0 are dissolved in C ( 3 ⁇ 4 ) dubbed 40ml DI water mixed salt solution, 4.59 g NaOH dissolved in deionized water and C0 2 removal formulated 40ml of alkali solution.
- Step B Disperse the above MgZnAl-N0 3 -LDHs precursor filter cake in 38 ml of ethylene glycol, and dissolve 3.09 g of maleic acid in 3.10 ml of ethylene glycol to control pH>4.0, and the maleic acid of ethylene
- the alcohol solution was added dropwise to the ethylene glycol dispersion of the hydrotalcite precursor, heated to reflux, and reacted for 2 hours, and washed and dried to obtain a maleic acid intercalated hydrotalcite.
- the chemical formula was determined by elemental analysis: Mgo.6oZno.2oAlo.2o(OH) 2 (C 4 H 2 04)on ⁇ 0.4H 2 O.
- Example 5 Example 5:
- Step A 8.20 g of Mg(N0 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0, 2.53 g of Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ' 4H 2 0 and 5.14 g of Ni(N0 3 ) 3 were dissolved in deionized water de C0 2 to prepare 210.
- the salt solution was mixed with ml, and 6.10 g of NaOH was dissolved in deionized water de C0 2 to prepare 210 ml of an alkali solution.
- Step B Disperse the above MgCaNi-NO LDHs precursor filter cake in 30 ml of ethylene glycol, dissolve 4.05 g of maleic acid in 5.05 ml of ethylene glycol, control pH>4.0, and add ethylene glycol solution of maleic acid. The mixture was added dropwise to the ethylene glycol dispersion of the hydrotalcite precursor, heated to reflux, and reacted for 3 hours. After washing, the maleic acid intercalated hydrotalcite was obtained. The chemical formula was determined by elemental analysis: Mgo.5oCao.i7 io.33(OH) 2 (C 4 H 2 04)o. 1 7 ⁇ 0.7H 2 O.
- Step B Disperse the above MgZnAl-N0 3 -LDHs precursor filter cake in 10 ml of ethylene glycol, dissolve 2.5 g of acrylic acid in 5 ml of ethylene glycol, control pH>4.0, and drop the ethylene glycol solution of acrylic acid. Adding to the ethylene glycol dispersion of the hydrotalcite precursor, heating to reflux, reacting for 6 hours, washing and drying to obtain an acrylic intercalated hydrotalcite, which is determined by elemental analysis and has the chemical formula: Mg 0 . 50 Zn 0 . 17 Al 0 . 33 (OH) 2 (C 3 H 2 O 4 ) 0 . 17 ' 0.53 ⁇ 4O.
- Example 7 Example 7
- Step B Disperse the above hydrotalcite precursor filter cake in 20 ml of ethylene glycol, dissolve 1.44 g of acrylic acid in 7.0 ml of ethylene glycol, control pH > 4.0, and add the ethylene glycol solution of acrylic acid to the hydrotalcite precursor.
- the ethylene glycol dispersion was heated to reflux temperature for 6 hours, washed and dried to obtain an acrylic intercalated hydrotalcite.
- the chemical formula is as follows: Mg 0 . 67 Al 0 . 33 (OH) 2 (C 3 H 2 O 4 ) 0 . 17 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 2 ⁇ . Comparative example:
- the double bond anion intercalated hydrotalcite obtained in Examples 1-7 and the common magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite were respectively obtained.
- the chemical formula is Mgo. 67 Alo. 33 (OH)(C0 3 )o. 17 ⁇ 0.4H 2 O ) is added to 100 parts of PVC according to the amount listed in Table 1, and 50 parts of phthalic acid is added.
- a 1 mm sheet was cut into pieces of 1 cm x 1 cm.
- the test piece was placed in a heat aging test chamber at 180 ⁇ 1 ° C for static aging test, and the time at which the black decomposition of the test piece began to appear was set as the heat stabilization time, and the results are shown in Table 1.
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Description
含双键有机阴离子插层水滑石及将其用作热稳定剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型超分子插层水滑石, 具体涉及含双键有机阴离子 插层水滑石, 及将该水滑石用作 PVC的复合热稳定剂。 背景技术
PVC及其它含氯高聚物在高温或受到高能量射线 (如紫外线) 的影响 下, 会发生脱 HC1的自催化反应, 其热分解机理一般认为有三种: ( 1 )含 氧环境下的自由基机理; (2 ) 氮气环境下的离子机理; (3 )真空条件下 的单分子机理。 PVC 的热降解是一个十分复杂的过程, 降解的直接后果是 颜色变深, 制品的结构和性能受到很大破坏。 热稳定剂是 PVC及其他含氯 高聚物加工不可缺少的主要助剂之一。
根据 PVC 的热分解机理, 热稳定剂应该具有如下功能: 1、 能吸收并 中和 PVC在加工过程中所放出的 HC1, 阻止其在氧的存在下的自动催化作 用, 生成非离子型产物; 2、 能通过加成、 还原、 氧化或自由基反应等途径 中止不飽和默键的增长; 3、 具有光稳定作用, 能吸收和反射紫外线, 如光 屏蔽剂、 紫外线吸收剂、 猝灭剂、 自由基捕获剂等物质; 4、 与 PVC具有 良好的溶解性, 便于制造透明产品; 5、 应无色、 无嗅、 无毒、 非迁移, 价 格适中, 不影响 PVC树脂的流变性和其基本特征。
目前热稳定剂按照化学结构主要可以分为盐基性铅盐类、 金属皂类、 有机锡类, 稀土类及复合稳定剂等。 随着环保意识加强, PVC热稳定剂正 朝着低毒、 无污染、 高效等方向发展, 研制发展新一代绿色环保型 PVC热 稳定剂具有重要意义。
水滑石, 又称层状双金属氢氧化物 (Layered Double Hydroxides, 筒称 LDHs ), 是一种典型的阴离子型层状化合物, 其层间阴离子可以是无机阴
离子、 有机阴离子、 配合物阴离子、 同多和杂多阴离子或层状化合物等。 由于其层板表面具有碱性, 能够吸收 PVC及其他含氯高聚物热解释放出来 的 HC1, 从而起到抑制其自催化分解作用的效果; 另外由于水滑石层间离 子的可交换性使得层间 C03 2-可以与进入层间的 HC1进行交换,从而达到吸 收 HC1、 稳定 PVC及其他含氯高聚物的作用。
文献 [ 1 ]: 在 Vicente Rives的专著中 [Layered Double Hydroxides: Present and Future, New York, Nova Science Publishers, Inc.,2001]艮道了多种有机阴 离子插层结构水滑石, 如对苯二曱酸根、 己二酸根、 丁二酸根、 十二烷基 磺酸根、 对羟基苯曱酸根、 苯甲酸根等, 其制备方法可以是离子交换法, 共沉淀法等。 含双键的有机阴离子插层结构水滑石未见文献报道。
文献 [2]:美国专利 United States Patent 4299759( 1981 )报道了日本 Kyowa 化学公司于 1980 年率先将符合如下通式: Mgl.xAlx(OH)2Ax/n n- · mH20 ( 0<x < 0.5 ) ( An-为 C03 2—)的水滑石填充到 PVC中用作热稳定剂, 结果显 著提高了 PVC 的热稳定效果。 当在 100 份 PVC 中加入 1 份 Mg0.7Alo.3(OH)2(C03)o.i5 · 0.55H2O、 0.75份硬脂酸锌和 0.3份有机锡时, 180°C条件下可以将 PVC的热稳定时间延长至 62分钟。 同等条件下使用 2 份的硬脂酸 /硬脂酸锌热稳定剂 , 其热稳定时间只有 38分钟。 目前为止, 应用于 PVC热稳定剂的水滑石还仅限于层间为 co3 2-的种类, 没有充分发 挥水滑石层板化学组成和层间阴离子种类具有可调控性的特点。 因此, 将 其层板阳离子和层间阴离子进行调变, 加入有利于提高 PVC热稳定性的元 素, 可以形成对 PVC具有更好热稳定作用的超分子插层水滑石新型结构。
文献 [3]: 吕世光编著的 《塑料助剂手册》(北京, 轻工业出版社, 1986) 中介绍了含双键的不饱和物质用作热稳定剂时, 由于它可与 PVC分子中 的共轭双键发生双烯加成反应, 从而破坏共轭结构, 抑制分解变色, 提 高 PVC的热稳定性。 由于这些物质自身热稳定性较差, 在较高温度条件 下会发生分解, 通常被用作辅助热稳定剂, 或用做热稳定剂的一个辅助
基团。 例如马来酸在加热情况下会放出有毒刺激性气体, 常被用作有机锡 热稳定剂中的一个基团。 水滑石由于具有层状结构, 其层板可以对进入层 间的有机物质起到保护作用, 从而大幅度提高层间阴离子的热稳定性, 扩 大其应用范围。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含双键的有机阴离子插层水滑石; 本发明的 另一个目的是将该水滑石用作 PVC热稳定剂。
本发明所提供的含双键有机阴离子插层水滑石, 其化学组成式为:
[Μ2+ 1 -χΜ3+ χ(ΟΗ)2]Αη·χ/η · m¾0,
其中, M2+代表二价金属阳离子 Mg2+、 Zn2+、 Ca2+、 Cu2 Ni2+、 Co2+、 Fe2+、 Mn2+、 Cd2+中的一种或两种, 较佳的是 Mg2+、 Zn2+、 Ca2+中的一种或 者两种;
M3+代表三价金属阳离子 Al3+、 Ni3+、 Co3+、 Fe3+、 Mn3+、 Cr3+、 V3+、 Ti3+中的一种, 较佳的是 Al3+或 Ni3+;
Αη·为含双键有机阴离子马来酸根、 丙烯酸根、 丁烯酸根、 氨基丁烯酸 根、 油酸根、 亚油酸根、 亚麻酸根中的一种, 较佳的是马来酸根、 丙烯酸 根或丁烯酸根;
X为 M3+离子的摩尔分数, 其取值范围是 0.2 < x 0.33 ;
m为结晶水的数量, 其取值范围是 0 m < 2。
需要说明的是: 本发明中所述水滑石的组成式(化学式) 中各元素或 基团的下标为计算过程中得到的近似值。
本发明所述的含默键有机阴离子插层水滑石的制备方法如下:
A. 将 M2+的可溶性硝酸盐和 M3+的可溶性硝酸盐, 按 M2+/M3+摩尔比 约为 2 ~ 4的比例溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成混合盐溶液, 使 M2+的浓度 为 0.1 ~ 1.6mol/L; 按 NaOH的摩尔数与混合溶液中金属离子总摩尔数之比
约为 1.8 ~ 2.5的比例, 将 NaOH溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配制与混合盐溶 液等体积的碱溶液;将上述两种溶液同时加入反应器,在室温下反应约 0.5 - 6min, 将得到的浆液在 N2保护下于 60 ~ 100°C条件下晶化约 3 ~ 8小时, 过 滤, 用脱 co2的去离子水洗涤, 得到硝酸根型水滑石前体滤饼;
B. 将含双键有机酸溶解于乙二醇中, 配制有机酸的质量百分含量约为 10 ~ 50%的溶液, 将步骤 A制备的硝酸根型水滑石前体分散于乙二醇中, 配制水滑石前体的质量百分含量为 10% ~ 70%的分散液, 按有机酸与水滑 石前体摩尔比约为 1 : 1 ~ 5 的比例, 将含有机酸的乙二醇溶液滴加到含水 滑石前体的乙二醇分散液中, 控制反应体系 pH〉 4.0, 加热至回流温度, 反 应 0.5 ~ 6小时, 洗涤干燥后得到插层结构水滑石。
步驟 A中 M2+代表二价金属阳离子 Mg2+、 Zn2+、 Ca2+、 Cu2+、 Ni2+、 Co2+、 Fe2+、 Mn2+、 Cd2+中的一种或两种, 较佳的是 Mg2+、 Zn2+、 Ca2+中的 一种或者两种; M3+代表三价金属阳离子 Al3+、 Ni3+、 Co3+、 Fe3+、 Mn3+、 Cr3+、 V3+、 Ti3+中的一种, 较佳的是 Al3+或 Ni3+;
步骤 B中所述含双键有机酸可以是马来酸、 丙烯酸、 丁烯酸、 氨基丁 烯酸、 油酸、 亚油酸、 亚麻酸中的一种, 较佳的是马来酸、 丙烯酸或丁烯 酸。
将上述产品进行 XR 、 IR、 元素分析表征显示, 客体功能分子已组装 进入了层状材料水滑石层间且分子中双键得到了很好的保持, 得到了晶体 晶相单一、 结构一致的客体插层结构水滑石材料。
将上述制备的含双键有机阴离子插层水滑石和硬脂酸钙、 硬脂酸锌混 和后添加到 PVC中进行静态热老化实验, 结果见表 1 , 表明本发明所制得 的超分子插层结构水滑石可以有效提高 PVC 的热稳定性, 是优良的 PVC 热稳定剂, 其原因是分子中双键能够和 PVC分解产生的共轭双键发生双烯 加成反应, 阻断了共轭双键的延续, 破坏了 PVC的自催化分解, 可显著提 高 PVC的热稳定性。
本发明提供了一种含双键的有机阴离子插层水滑石, 该水滑石用作
PVC热稳定剂可显箸提高 PVC的热稳定性。 附图说明
图 1是实施例 1制备水滑石前体和马来酸根插层水滑石的 XRD谱图, 图中 a是水滑石前体的曲线, b是马来酸根插层水滑石的曲线。
图 2是实施例 2制备的水滑石前体、 马来酸插层水滑石及马来酸的 IR 谱图, 图中 a是水滑石前体的曲线, b是马来酸根插层水滑石的曲线, c是 马来酸的曲线。 '
图 3是实施例 2制备的马来酸根插层 MgZnAl-LDHs的 TG-DTA谱图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1:
步骤 Α· 将 10.26 g Mg(N03)2■ 6H20和 7.50 g A1(N03)3 · 9H20溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 50ml混盐溶液, 将 4.8 g NaOH溶于脱 C02的去离 子水中配成 50ml碱溶液。 将两种溶液同时加入反应器中反应约 2min, 在 N2保护下于 100Ό回流晶化 6小时, 过滤、 用脱 C02的去离子水洗涤, 得 到 4.87g Mg: Al=2: 1的水滑石前体滤饼 MgAl-N03-LDHs。
步骤 B. 将上述水滑石前体滤饼分散于 20ml乙二醇中, 将 2.32 g马来 酸溶于 3.0 ml乙二醇中, 控制 pH>4.0, 将马来酸的乙二醇溶液滴加入水滑 石前体的乙二醇分散液中, 加热至回流温度, 反应 6 小时, 洗涤、 干燥后 制得马来酸插层水滑石 。 经元素分析测定, 其化学式为: Mg0.67Al0.33(OH)2(C4H2O4)0.17 ' 0.6H2O。
其 XRD谱图见图 1, 从图中可以看出, (003)特征衍射峰前移到了 7.1。 左右, 证明马来酸根进入 MgAl-LDHs层间, 得到了 MgAl-maleate-LDHs 插层产物, 而且插层后的 LDHs很好地保持了前体的层状结构。
实施例 2:
步骤 A. 将 8.20 g Mg(N03)2 · 6H20、 3.17 g Zn(N03)2 · 6H20和 8.00 g A1(N03)3 · 9H20溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 80ml混盐溶液, 将 4.70 g NaOH溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 80 ml碱溶液。将两种溶液同时加入反 应器中反应 l min, 在 N2保护下千 80°C晶化 6 小时, 过滤、 用脱 C02的去 离子水洗涤,得到 5.63 g Mg: Zn: Al=3: 1: 2的前体滤饼 MgZnAl-NOrLDHs。
步骤 B. 将上述 MgZnAl-N03-LDHs前体滤饼分散于 10 ml乙二醇中, 将 4.96 g马来酸按溶于 10 ml乙二醇中, 控制 pH>4.0, 将马来酸的乙二醇 溶液滴加入水滑石前体的乙二醇分散液中, 加热至回流, 反应 1 小时, 洗 涤干燥后制得马来酸插层水滑石, 经元素分析测定, 其化学式为: Mg0.50Zn0.17Al0.33(OH)2(C4H2O4)0.17 . 0.5¾O。
其 IR谱图如图 2所示, 从图中可以看出, 插层产物在 1636 cm-1处出 现了 C=C的伸缩振动峰, 说明有机阴离子中的双键得到了保持。
其 TG-DTA曲线如图 3所示, 从图中可以看出, 马来酸的分解温度提 高到了 264°C。 实施例 3:
步骤 A. 将 7.68 g Mg(N03)2■ 6H20、 8.92 g Zn(N03)2 ' 6H20和 11.25 g A1(N03)3 · 9H20溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 40ml混盐溶液, 将 7.28 g NaOH溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 40ml碱溶液。 将两种溶液同时加入反 应器中反应 4min, 在 N2保护下于 100°C回流晶化 6小时。 得到的产品用脱 C02的去离子水洗涤、 过滤, 得到 8.54 g Mg: Zn: Al=l: 1 : 1 的 MgZnAl-N03-LDHs前体滤饼。
步骤 B. 将上述 MgZnA OrLDHs前体滤饼分散于 13ml乙二醇中, 将 5.22 g马来酸溶于 9ml乙二醇中, 控制 pH>4.0, 将马来酸的乙二醇溶液 滴加入水滑石前体的乙二醇分散液中, 加热至回流, 反应 4 小时, 洗涤干 燥后制得马来酸插层水滑石。 经元素分析测定, 其化学式为:
Mg0.33Zn0.33Al0.33(OH)2(C4H2O4)0.17 · 0·6¾Ο。 实施例 4:
步骤 Α. 将 8.20 g Mg(N03)2 · 6H20、 3.17 g Zn(N03)2■ 6H20和 4.00 g A1(N03)3 · 9H20溶于脱 C(¾的去离子水中配成 40ml混盐溶液, 将 4.59 g NaOH溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 40ml碱溶液。 将两种溶液同时加入反 应器中反应 5min, 在 N2保护下于 85°C回流晶化 7小时, 过滤、 用脱 C02 的去离子水洗涤, 得到 4.28 g Mg : Zn : Al=3: 1 : 1 的前体滤饼 MgZnAl-N03-LDHs。
步骤 B. 将上述 MgZnAl-N03-LDHs前体滤饼分散于 38ml乙二醇中, 将 3.09 g马来酸溶于 3.10 ml乙二醇中,控制 pH>4.0,将马来酸的乙二醇溶 液滴加入水滑石前体的乙二醇分散液中, 加热至回流, 反应 2 小时, 洗涤 干燥后制得马来酸插层水滑石。 经元素分析测定, 其化学式为: Mgo.6oZno.2oAlo.2o(OH)2(C4H204)o.n · 0.4H2O。 实施例 5:
步骤 A. 将 8.20 g Mg(N03)2 · 6H20、 2.53 g Ca(N03)2 ' 4H20和 5.14 g Ni(N03)3溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 210 ml混盐溶液, 将 6.10 g NaOH 溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 210 ml碱溶液。 将两种溶液同时加入反应器 中反应 6min, 得到的浆液在 N2保护下于 100°C回流晶化 6小时。 过滤, 用 脱 C02的去离子水洗涤, 得到 4.52g 其中 Mg: Ca: Ni=3 : 1 : 2 的 MgCaNi-N03-LDHs前体滤饼。
步骤 B. 将上述 MgCaNi-NO LDHs前体滤饼分散于 30ml乙二醇中, 将 4.05 g马来酸溶于 5.05ml乙二醇中, 控制 pH〉4.0, 将马来酸的乙二醇溶 液滴加入水滑石前体的乙二醇分散液中, 加热至回流, 反应 3 小时, 洗涤 千燥后制得马来酸插层水滑石。 经元素分析测定, 其化学式为: Mgo.5oCao.i7 io.33(OH)2(C4H204)o.17 · 0.7H2O。
实施例 6:
步骤 A. 将 8.20 g Mg(N03)2 · 6H20、 3.17 g Zn(N03)2 · 6H20 和 8.00 g A1(N03)3 · 9H20溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 60 ml混盐溶液, 将 5.60 g NaOH溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 60 ml碱溶液。将两种溶液通过计量泵 控制以相同流速同时加入反应器中反应 0.5 min,得到的浆液在 ]¾保护下于 90°C晶化 6 小时。得到的产品用脱 C02的去离子水洗涤、过滤,得到 5.63 g Mg: Zn: Al=3: 1 : 2的 MgZnAl-N03-LDHs前体滤饼。
步骤 B. 将上述 MgZnAl-N03-LDHs前体滤饼分散于 10 ml乙二醇中, 将 2.5 g 丙烯酸溶于 5 ml乙二醇中, 控制 pH>4.0, 将丙烯酸的乙二醇溶液 滴加入水滑石前体的乙二醇分散液中, 加热至回流, 反应 6 小时, 洗涤干 燥后制得丙烯酸插层水滑石, 经元素分析测定, 其化学式为: Mg0.50Zn0.17Al0.33(OH)2(C3H2O4)0.17 ' 0.5¾O。 实施例 7:
步骤 A. 将 10.26 g Mg(N03)2 · 6H20和 7.50 g A1(N03)3 · 9H20溶于脱 C02的去离子水中配成 50ml混盐溶液, 将 4.8 g NaOH溶于脱 C02的去离 子水中配成 50ml碱溶液。 将两种溶液同时加入反应器中反应 3min, 在 N2 保护下于 100°C回流晶化 6小时, 过滤、 用脱 C02的去离子水洗涤, 得到 4.87g其中 Mg: Al=2: 1的水滑石前体滤饼 MgAl-N03-LDHs。
步骤 B. 将上述水滑石前体滤饼分散于 20ml乙二醇中, 将 1.44 g丙烯 酸溶于 7.0 ml乙二醇中, 控制 pH > 4.0, 将丙烯酸的乙二醇溶液滴加入水 滑石前体的乙二醇分散液中, 加热至回流温度, 反应 6 小时, 洗涤、 干燥 后制得丙烯酸插层水滑石。 经元素分析测定, 其化学式为: Mg0.67Al0.33(OH)2(C3H2O4)0.17 · 0·6Η2Ο。 对比例:
分别将实施例 1 - 7得到的含双键阴离子插层水滑石与普通镁铝水滑石
(其化学式为 Mgo.67Alo.33(OH)(C03)o.17 · 0.4H2O )按照如表 1中所列添加量 添加到 100份 PVC中 , 再加入 50份邻苯二曱酸二异辛酯( DOP )和 2份 硬脂酸钙、 0.5份硬脂酸锌, 在 SSR-Z4型塑料实验机上于 140°C混炼 10分 钟,在 150°C条件下压成厚度为 1mm的薄片并裁成 lcmx lcm的试片。将试 片置于 180±1 °C的热老化试验箱中进行静态老化实验,以试片开始出现黑色 分解的时间定为热稳定时间, 结果如表 1所示。
表 1
从表 1的对比数据看出, 双键阴离子插层水滑石比不含双键阴离子插层 水滑石的热稳定性有显著提高。
Claims
1. 一种含欢键有机阴离子插层水滑石, 其化学组成式为:
其中, M2+代表二价金属阳离子 Mg2+、 Zn2+、 Ca2+、 CU 2+、 Ni2+、 Co2+、 Mn2+、 Cd2+中的一种或两种;
M3+代表三价金属阳离子 Al3+、 Ni3+、 Co3+、 Fe3+、 Mn3+、 Cr3+、 V3+、 Ti3+ 中的一种;
An-为含双键有机阴离子马来酸根、 丙浠酸根、 丁烯酸根、 氨基丁烯酸 才艮、 油酸才艮、 亚油酸根、 亚麻酸根中的一种;
X为 M3+离子的摩尔分数, 其取值范围是 0.2 x < 0.33;
m为结晶水的数量, 其取值范围是 0 < m < 2。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的含汉键有机阴离子插层水滑石, 其特征是所 述的 M2+是 Mg2+、 Zn2+、 Ca2+中的一种或者两种; M3+是 Al3+或 Ni3+; An -是 马来酸根、 丙浠酸根或丁烯酸根。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的含双键有机阴离子插层水滑石, 其特征是所 述的 An-是马来酸根。
4. 如权利要求 1 所述的含双键有机阴离子插层水滑石在 PVC中用作 热稳定剂。
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| CN101774548B (zh) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-04-27 | 北京泰克来尔科技有限公司 | 共沉淀法制备层状复合金属氢氧化物的母液重复利用技术 |
| CN102120856B (zh) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-10-03 | 杭州鸿雁电器有限公司 | 一种聚氯乙烯/有机水滑石纳米复合材料及其制备方法 |
| CN102796280B (zh) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-05-07 | 北京化工大学 | 一种超分子插层结构聚合物抗氧剂 |
| CN103421333B (zh) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-09-30 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种耐紫外老化塑性体改性沥青涂盖料及其制备方法 |
| CN105801906A (zh) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-27 | 北京化工大学 | 一种耐迁移型钙基插层结构聚烯烃抗氧剂及其制备方法 |
| CN107022115B (zh) * | 2017-05-10 | 2019-08-13 | 北京化工大学 | 一种用于橡胶的插层水滑石抗紫外老化剂及其制备方法和使用方法 |
| CN108193552A (zh) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-06-22 | 常州市沃兰特电子有限公司 | 一种水溶性纸张纤维用光稳定剂的制备方法 |
| CN114806674A (zh) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-29 | 北京化工大学 | 一种稠化剂插层水滑石及制备方法和作为润滑脂稠化剂的应用 |
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| CN1615312A (zh) * | 2002-01-11 | 2005-05-11 | 桑诺克公司(R&M) | 合成的水滑石、合成与应用 |
| CN1468913A (zh) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-01-21 | 北京化工大学 | 一种硼酸根插层水滑石及其制备方法和将其用作阻燃剂 |
| CN1715342A (zh) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-04 | 北京化工大学 | 用于提高环氧树脂柔韧性的新型填料-me柱撑水滑石 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8088349B2 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2012-01-03 | Beijing University Of Chemical Technology | Clean method for preparing layered double hydroxides |
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| CN1769355A (zh) | 2006-05-10 |
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