WO2007004280A1 - 液晶組成物及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子並びにそれを備えた電子ペーパー - Google Patents
液晶組成物及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子並びにそれを備えた電子ペーパー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007004280A1 WO2007004280A1 PCT/JP2005/012237 JP2005012237W WO2007004280A1 WO 2007004280 A1 WO2007004280 A1 WO 2007004280A1 JP 2005012237 W JP2005012237 W JP 2005012237W WO 2007004280 A1 WO2007004280 A1 WO 2007004280A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13718—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a change of the texture state of a cholesteric liquid crystal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13471—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells
- G02F1/13473—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells for wavelength filtering or for colour display without the use of colour mosaic filters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
Definitions
- Liquid crystal composition liquid crystal display device using the same, and electronic
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition in which a cholesteric phase is formed, a liquid crystal display element using the same, and an electronic paper including the same.
- FIG. 10 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display element 51 capable of full color display using a cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal display element 51 has a structure in which a blue (B) display unit 46b, a green (G) display unit 46g, and a red (R) display unit 46r are stacked in order as well.
- the upper substrate 47b side is the display surface, and external light (solid arrow) is incident on the display surface of the substrate 47b.
- the observer's eyes and the observation direction are schematically shown above the substrate 47b.
- the B display section 46b includes a blue (B) liquid crystal layer 43b sealed between a pair of upper and lower substrates 47b and 49b, and a pulse voltage source 41b that applies a predetermined pulse voltage to the B liquid crystal layer 43b.
- the G display unit 46g has a green (G) liquid crystal layer 43g sealed between a pair of upper and lower substrates 47g and 49g, and a pulse voltage source 41g that applies a predetermined pulse voltage to the G liquid crystal layer 43g. is doing.
- the R display unit 46r includes a red (R) liquid crystal layer 43r sealed between a pair of upper and lower substrates 47r and 49r, and a pulse voltage source 41r that applies a predetermined pulse voltage to the R liquid crystal layer 43r.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal used in each of the B, G, and R liquid crystal layers 43b, 43g, and 43r has a content of several tens of wt% of a nematic liquid crystal containing a chiral additive (also known as chiral material). It is a liquid crystal mixture added in a relatively large amount. When a relatively large amount of chiral material is contained in the nematic liquid crystal, a cholesteric phase in which the nematic liquid crystal molecular layer is strongly twisted can be formed. Cholesteric liquid crystals are also called chiral nematic liquid crystals.
- Cholesteric liquid crystal has bistability (memory property), and can take either a planar state or a focal conic state by adjusting the electric field strength applied to the liquid crystal. Once in the conic state, the state is maintained stably even in the absence of an electric field.
- the planar state is obtained by applying a predetermined high voltage between the upper and lower substrates 47 and 49 to give a strong electric field to the liquid crystal layer 43 and then suddenly reducing the electric field to zero.
- the focal conic state can be obtained, for example, by applying a predetermined voltage lower than the above high voltage between the upper and lower substrates 47 and 49 to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 43 and then abruptly reducing the electric field to zero.
- FIG. 11 (a) shows the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 33 of the cholesteric liquid crystal when the B liquid crystal layer 43b of the B display section 46b is in the planar state.
- the liquid crystal molecules 33 in the planar state are sequentially rotated in the substrate thickness direction to form a spiral structure, and the spiral axis of the spiral structure is substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface.
- the average refractive index n can be adjusted by selecting a liquid crystal material and a chiral material, and the spiral pitch p can be adjusted by adjusting the content of the chiral material.
- FIG. 11 (b) shows the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 33 of the cholesteric liquid crystal when the B liquid crystal layer 43b of the B display section 46b is in the focal conic state.
- the liquid crystal molecules 33 in the focal conic state are rotated in the in-plane direction of the substrate in turn to form a spiral structure.
- the helical axis of the helical structure is substantially parallel to the substrate surface.
- the selectivity of the reflected wavelength is lost in the B liquid crystal layer 43b, and most of the incident light is transmitted. Since the transmitted light is absorbed by the light absorption layer 45 disposed on the back surface of the lower substrate 49r of the R display portion 46r, dark (black) display can be realized.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal As described above, in the cholesteric liquid crystal, reflection and transmission of light can be controlled by the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 33 twisted in a spiral shape. In the same manner as the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer 43b for B, full-color display is performed by sealing the cholesteric liquid crystal that selectively reflects green or red light in the planar state to the liquid crystal layer 43g for G and the liquid crystal layer 43r for R respectively.
- the liquid crystal display element 51 is manufactured.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of the reflection spectrum of each liquid crystal layer 43b, 43g, 43r in the planar state.
- the horizontal axis represents the wavelength (nm) of the reflected light, and the vertical axis represents the reflectance (white plate ratio;%).
- the reflection spectrum at the liquid crystal layer 43b for B is shown by the curve connecting the ⁇ marks in the figure.
- the reflection spectrum at the G liquid crystal layer 43g is indicated by a curve connecting the country marks
- the reflection spectrum at the R liquid crystal layer 43r is indicated by a curve connecting the ⁇ marks.
- the center wavelength of the reflection spectrum in the planar state of each of the liquid crystal layers 43b, 43g, and 43r becomes longer in the order of B, G, and R. Therefore, the helical pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal is Layers 43b, 43g, and 43r become longer in this order. Therefore, the chiral material content of the cholesteric liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layers 43b, 43g, and 43r needs to be decreased in the order of the liquid crystal layers 43b, 43g, and 43r.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2003-147363 A
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-2765
- a color liquid crystal display element having a laminated structure of R, G, B using cholesteric liquid crystal is
- the balance of the color reproduction range is deteriorated and the contrast is easily lowered.
- the balance of color gamut and contrast are greatly affected by light scattering in the dark state, that is, the focal-cooked layer. For example, if one of the liquid crystal layers is in the planar state and the remaining two liquid crystal layers are in the focal conic state, if the scattering of light in the focal conic liquid crystal layer is large, the planar liquid crystal layer The amount of light scattered by the liquid crystal layer in the focal conic state is added to the reflected light of the layer as noise.
- the color purity of the display color is lowered.
- the power that causes all RGB liquid crystal layers to be in a focal conic state If the scattering of light in each liquid crystal layer is large, the black density is significantly reduced. In other words, the contrast of the display image is lowered, resulting in a blurred display.
- FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ and the reflection of light at the liquid crystal layer.
- Figure 13 (a) shows the relationship between the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ and the brightness of the reflected light in the planar state.
- the horizontal axis represents the refractive index anisotropy ⁇
- the vertical axis represents the brightness (white plate ratio:%).
- Figure 13 (b) shows the relationship between the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ and the light scattering in the focal conic state.
- the horizontal axis represents refractive index anisotropy ⁇
- the vertical axis represents scattering (white plate ratio;%).
- Patent Document 1 discloses that for the cholesteric liquid crystal of each liquid crystal layer for RGB, the mixing ratio of the R isomer and the S isomer, which are two optical isomers having different chiral rotatory power, is different, and the amount of chiral material added Discloses a technique for equalizing each liquid crystal layer. However, even if the amount of chiral material added to each liquid crystal layer for RGB is made equal and the physical properties such as ⁇ n are made equal, the light scattering characteristics are Because the liquid crystal layers are different, it is difficult to completely improve the color balance and contrast of the display screen.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition capable of sufficiently reducing light scattering in a dark state (focal conic state).
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device excellent in color balance improvement and contrast improvement, and electronic paper using the same.
- the object is to provide a first liquid crystal layer including a first chiral material that is contained in a nematic liquid crystal and forms a cholesteric phase so as to reflect light having a first wavelength in the planar state, and a planar state.
- a second chiral material that is contained in the nematic liquid crystal at a higher content than the first chiral material and forms a cholesteric phase so as to reflect light having a second wavelength longer than the first wavelength.
- a second liquid crystal layer provided with a liquid crystal display element.
- the second chiral material includes two types of optical isomers having different optical rotations.
- the above object is achieved by an electronic paper characterized in that in the electronic paper having a display section for displaying a predetermined image, the display section includes the liquid crystal display element of the present invention. Is done.
- the above object is a liquid crystal composition
- a liquid crystal composition comprising a nematic liquid crystal and a chiral material that is contained in the nematic liquid crystal and forms a cholesteric phase, the chiral material being in a planar state,
- a liquid crystal composition having a higher content than the content of reflecting light of the first wavelength so as to reflect light of the second wavelength longer than one wavelength.
- the object is to have a nematic liquid crystal and a chiral material that has a smaller refractive index anisotropy than the nematic liquid crystal and is added to the nematic liquid crystal to form a cholesteric phase. It is achieved by a liquid crystal composition characterized by the following.
- a liquid crystal composition capable of sufficiently reducing light scattering in a dark state can be realized.
- liquid crystal display element excellent in color balance and contrast and an electronic paper using the same can be realized.
- a liquid crystal composition according to an embodiment of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device using the same, and an electronic paper including the same will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the inventors generally scatter light in a focal conic state, generally reflecting a blue (B) liquid crystal layer reflecting blue light in a planar state, a green (G) liquid crystal layer reflecting green light, and reflecting red light. It has been found that the red (R) liquid crystal layer becomes stronger in the order, and in particular, the light scattering in the R liquid crystal layer is strong, so that the color purity of blue and green is greatly reduced. It was.
- FIG. 1 (a), (b), and (c) show the focal conic layers B, G, and R of the conventional color liquid crystal display element 51 shown in Figs. 10 and 11, respectively.
- the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules 33 of the cholesteric liquid crystal in the state is shown.
- FIG. 1 (a) shows the B liquid crystal layer 43b
- FIG. 1 (b) shows the G liquid crystal layer 43g
- FIG. 1 (c) shows the R liquid crystal layer 43r.
- the liquid crystal molecules 33b in the center portion (balta region) in the cell thickness direction are not aligned with the substrate surface alignment.
- the propagation of the alignment due to the continuity of the liquid crystal becomes dominant without the direct action of the control force.
- the orientation regulating force can be propagated to the Balta region, but if the content is low, sufficient orientation force cannot be propagated to the Balta region.
- the liquid crystal layer 43b for B having a high chiral material content a sufficiently uniform focal conic state appears in the cell thickness direction, but the chiral material content is relatively low.
- an alignment state different from the focal conic state may occur in the Balta region.
- the variation in the direction of the spiral axis of the liquid crystal in the Balta region is large, but in the R liquid crystal layer 43r, not only the direction of the spiral axis but also the fluctuation of the spiral structure including the helical pitch is large. It is considered to be.
- the lower the content of the chiral material the more the alignment failure of the Balta region in the focal conic state increases, thereby increasing the degree of light scattering.
- the chiral material contained in the nematic liquid crystal to form the cholesteric phase has an effect of suppressing the variation of the helical structure of the liquid crystal molecules. .
- the content of the chiral material in the liquid crystal composition that reflects light of the second wavelength longer than the first wavelength in the planar state is reflected, and the light of the first wavelength is reflected in the planar state.
- the basic principle is that the chiral material contains two optical isomers with different optical rotatory power, while the content is higher than the chiral material content of the liquid crystal composition. In the rest of this paper, these optical isomers will be referred to as R-form and L-form, respectively, which have the same meaning as R-form and R-form in the RZS notation.
- a liquid crystal composition (cholesteric liquid crystal) using the above basic principle that reduces light scattering in the dark state is based on the base (reference) liquid crystal of the R form or its optical isomer L form. Produced.
- the R base liquid crystal is prepared by adding a predetermined weight of the R chiral material CHr 1 and the R chiral material CHr 2 to the predetermined weight nematic liquid crystal LCn.
- Content ratio of chiral material CHrl (weight relative to the total weight of nematic liquid crystal LCn and two chiral materials CHrl and CHr2) The amount ratio (wt%); the same applies hereinafter) is 27 wt%.
- the content of chiral material CHr2 is 3wt%.
- the contained chiral material CHrl and the chiral material CHr2 are collectively referred to as a chiral material C Hr.
- nematic liquid crystal LCn the physical properties of nematic liquid crystal LCn are measured or calculated as follows.
- nematic liquid crystal LCn is injected into a glass test cell.
- the viscosity is measured with a commercially available viscometer.
- ⁇ of nematic liquid crystal LCn is measured by a commercially available Abbe refractometer or the like.
- the capacitance of each test cell into which the horizontally and vertically aligned liquid crystals are injected is measured, and ⁇ of the nematic liquid crystal LCn is calculated.
- ⁇ is the difference between the dielectric constant in the director (average direction of the major axis of the liquid crystal molecule) and the dielectric constant of the component perpendicular to it.
- the L-type base liquid crystal is prepared by adding a predetermined weight of L-type chiral material CH11 and L-type chiral material CR12 to a predetermined weight of nematic liquid crystal LCn.
- the content ratio of chiral material CH11 (weight ratio (wt%) to the total weight of nematic liquid crystal LCn and two chiral materials CH11 and CH12 (wt%); the same applies below) is 27wt%.
- the content of chiral material CH12 is 3wt%.
- the contained chiral material CH11 and the chiral material CH12 are collectively referred to as a chiral material CH1.
- the ⁇ n value, ⁇ value, and viscosity ⁇ of the nematic liquid crystal LCn of the L base liquid crystal are the same as those of the R base liquid crystal.
- the ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , and ⁇ values of the chiral material CH11 are the same as the R-shaped chiral material CHrl.
- the ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , and ⁇ values of the chiral material CR12 are the same as those of the R-shaped chiral material CHr2.
- b and ⁇ of the L-type base liquid crystal produced are the same as those of the R-type base liquid crystal.
- Nematic LCD L Cn and chiral materials CHrl, CHr2, CH11, and CH12 are made of ordinary commercial materials.
- FIG. 2 shows a material composition ratio of a liquid crystal composition using the R-type or L-type base liquid crystal as a basic composition.
- Figure 2 (a) shows the composition ratio of the cholesteric liquid crystal used in the B liquid crystal layer (first liquid crystal layer) that reflects blue light (first wavelength light) in the planar state. ) Shows the composition ratio of the cholesteric liquid crystal used in the G liquid crystal layer (second liquid crystal layer) that reflects green light (second wavelength light).
- Figure 2 (c) shows red light ( This shows the composition ratio of the cholesteric liquid crystal used in the R liquid crystal layer (third liquid crystal layer) that reflects the light of the third wavelength.
- an R base liquid crystal (hereinafter referred to as B cholesteric liquid crystal LCb) is used for the B liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal layer for G is a liquid crystal in which R base chiral liquid CHrl is mixed with L base liquid crystal at a content of about 3 wt% (hereinafter referred to as G cholesteric liquid crystal LCg). Is used).
- the dominant wavelength ⁇ g of selective reflection of the G cholesteric liquid crystal LCg is about 560 nm, and the ⁇ n value is almost the same as the B cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the R liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal in which an R base chiral liquid CH11 is mixed with an R base liquid crystal (hereinafter referred to as an R cholesteric liquid crystal LCr). Is used).
- the main wavelength r of selective reflection of the R cholesteric liquid crystal LCr is about 610 nm, and the ⁇ n value is almost the same as that of the B cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the cholesteric liquid crystals LCb and LCr for B and R have the same optical rotation) and are different from the optical rotation (L) in the cholesteric liquid crystal LCg for G.
- the content of the strength material is higher in the G cholesteric liquid crystal LCg than in the B cholesteric liquid crystal LCb, and higher in the R cholesteric liquid crystal LCr than in the G cholesteric liquid crystal LCg.
- the cholesteric liquid crystals LCb, LCg, and LCr for B, G, and R form a cholesteric phase at room temperature.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of the liquid crystal display element 1 according to the present embodiment.
- Figure 4 shows the disconnection of LCD The surface composition is shown schematically.
- the liquid crystal display element 1 includes a B display unit including a B liquid crystal layer (first liquid crystal layer) 3b that reflects blue light (first wavelength light) in a planar state. 6b, G display section 6g with G liquid crystal layer (second liquid crystal layer) 3g that reflects green light (second wavelength light) in the planar state, and red light (third And an R display section 6r including an R liquid crystal layer (third liquid crystal layer) 3r that reflects light having a wavelength.
- the display units 6b, 6g, and 6r for B, G, and R are stacked in this order from the light incident surface (display surface) side.
- the B display section 6b includes a pair of upper and lower substrates 7b and 9b arranged to face each other, and a B liquid crystal layer 3b sealed between the substrates 7b and 9b.
- the liquid crystal layer 3b for B has B cholesteric liquid crystal LCb having the composition shown in FIG. 2 (a).
- the G display section 6g has a pair of upper and lower substrates 7g and 9g arranged opposite to each other, and a G liquid crystal layer 3g sealed between the substrates 7g and 9g.
- the G liquid crystal layer 3g has G cholesteric liquid crystal LCg having the composition shown in FIG. 2 (b).
- the R display section 6r has a pair of upper and lower substrates 7r, 9r arranged opposite to each other, and an R liquid crystal layer 3r sealed between the substrates 7r, 9r.
- the R liquid crystal layer 3r has an R cholesteric liquid crystal LCr having the composition shown in FIG. 2 (c).
- the upper substrates 7b, 7g, 7r and the lower substrates 9b, 9g, 9r are required to have translucency.
- two poly-carbonate (PC) film substrates cut in a size of 10 (cm) ⁇ 8 (cm) in length and width are used.
- a glass substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be used instead of the PC substrate.
- the upper substrates 7b, 7g, 7r and the lower substrates 9b, 9g, 9r are all translucent.
- the lower substrate 9r of the R display portion 6r is not used. It may be translucent.
- a plurality of strip-shaped data electrodes 19b extending in the vertical direction in FIG. 3 are formed in parallel.
- a plurality of strip-like scanning electrodes 17b extending in the left-right direction in FIG. 3 are formed in parallel on the B liquid crystal layer 3b side of the upper substrate 9b.
- the ITO transparent electrode is patterned to form a plurality of scanning electrodes 17 and a plurality of data electrodes 19 with a pitch of 0.24 mm so that 320 V ⁇ 240 dot QVGA display is possible. Yes.
- both the electrodes 17b and 19b are arranged to face each other.
- Each intersecting region of both electrodes 17b and 19b is a pixel. Pixels are arranged in a matrix to form a display screen. Note that the numbers 17b and 19b shown in FIG. 4 indicate the existence regions of the electrodes 17b and 19b, and the shapes thereof are not suggested.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- a film, a metal electrode such as aluminum or silicon, or a photoconductive film such as Bismuth Silicon Oxide (BSO) can be used.
- both electrodes 17b and 19b are coated with an insulating thin film and a liquid crystal molecule orientation stabilizing film (both not shown) as functional films, respectively.
- the insulating thin film has a function of preventing a short circuit between the electrodes 17b and 19b and improving the reliability of the liquid crystal display element 1 as a gas noria layer.
- the alignment stability film includes organic films such as polyimide resin, polyamide imide resin, polyether imide resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, and acrylic resin, acid silicon, acid aluminum, etc. Inorganic materials can be used.
- an alignment stability film is applied (coated) to the entire surface of the substrate on the electrodes 17b and 19b.
- the alignment stability film may be used as an insulating film.
- the liquid crystal layer 3b for B is sealed between the substrates 7b and 9b by the sealing material 21b applied to the outer periphery of the upper and lower substrates 7b and 9b.
- the thickness (cell gap) of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B must be kept uniform.
- spherical spacers made of resin or inorganic oxide are dispersed in the liquid crystal layer 3b for B, or thermoplastic resin is coated on the surface.
- a plurality of columned spacers are formed in the B liquid crystal layer 3b.
- a spacer (not shown) is inserted into the B liquid crystal layer 3b to maintain the cell gap uniformity.
- the cell gap d of the B liquid crystal layer 3b is preferably in the range of 3 ⁇ 6 ⁇ m.
- a visible light absorbing layer 15 is provided on the outer surface (back surface) of the lower substrate 9r of the R display portion 6r. For this reason, when all of the B, G, and R liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r are in the focal conic state, black is displayed on the display screen of the liquid crystal display device 1. Note that the visible light absorption layer 15 may be provided as necessary.
- a scan electrode drive circuit 25 on which a scan electrode driver IC for driving the plurality of scan electrodes 17b, 17g, 17r is mounted is connected to the upper substrates 7b, 7g, 7r.
- the lower substrates 9b, 9g, 9r are connected to a data electrode driving circuit 27 on which a data electrode driver IC for driving the plurality of data electrodes 19b, 19g, 19r is mounted.
- These drive circuits 25, 27 output scanning signals and data signals to predetermined scanning electrodes 17b, 17g, 17r or data electrodes 19b, 19g, 19r based on the predetermined signals output from the control circuit 23. It has become.
- the drive voltages of the B, G, and R liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r can be made substantially the same, so that a predetermined output terminal of the scan electrode drive circuit 25 is scanned.
- the electrodes 17b, 17g, and 17r are commonly connected to predetermined input terminals. Since it is not necessary to provide the scan electrode drive circuit 25 for each of the display units 6r, 6g, and 6b for B, G, and R, the configuration of the drive circuit of the liquid crystal display element 1 can be simplified.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a driving waveform of the liquid crystal display element 1.
- Fig. 5 (a) shows the drive waveform for bringing the cholesteric liquid crystal into the planar state
- Fig. 5 (b) shows the drive waveform for bringing the cholesteric liquid crystal into the focal conic state.
- 5 (a) and 5 (b) the upper part of the figure shows the data signal voltage waveform Vd output from the data electrode drive circuit 27, and the middle part of the figure shows the scan signal voltage output from the scan electrode drive circuit 25.
- the waveform Vs is shown.
- the lower part of the figure shows the applied voltage applied to each of the B, G, and R liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r. Waveform Vie is shown.
- FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) the time elapsed from left to right in the figure, and the vertical direction in the figure represents voltage.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of voltage-reflectance characteristics of the cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the horizontal axis represents the voltage value (V) applied to the cholesterol liquid crystal, and the vertical axis represents the reflectance (%) of the cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the solid curve P shown in Fig. 6 shows the voltage reflectivity characteristics of the cholesteric liquid crystal when the initial state is the planar state, and the dashed curve FC shows the voltage-reflectance characteristics of the cholesteric liquid crystal when the initial state is the focal conic state. ing.
- a case where voltage is applied will be described as an example.
- the data signal voltage Vd becomes + 32V in the first half of the selection period T1 in which the scanning electrode 17b of the first row is selected, while the scanning signal voltage Vs Becomes OV, and in the period of about 1Z2 in the latter half, the scanning signal voltage Vs becomes + 32V while the data signal voltage Vd becomes OV. Therefore, a pulse voltage of ⁇ 32 V is applied to the B liquid crystal layer 3b of the B pixel (1, 1) during the selection period T1.
- a pulse voltage of ⁇ 32 V is applied to the B liquid crystal layer 3b of the B pixel (1, 1) during the selection period T1.
- the data signal voltage Vd becomes 24VZ8V in the period of about 1Z2 in the first half of the selection period T1 and the period of about 1Z2 in the second half, whereas the scanning signal voltage When Vs becomes 0VZ + 32V, a pulse voltage of ⁇ 24V is applied to the B liquid crystal layer 3b of the B pixel (1, 1).
- a predetermined low voltage VFlOOb for example, 24V
- the spiral structure of the liquid crystal molecules cannot be completely solved.
- a voltage of, for example, + 28V / + 4V is applied to the scan electrode 17b in the first row at a cycle of 1Z2 in the selection period T1, and a predetermined data signal voltage Vd is applied to the data electrode 19b.
- a voltage of (eg + 24VZ8V) is applied with a period of 1Z2 in the selection period T1. Therefore, a pulse voltage of 4VZ + 4V is applied to the B liquid crystal layer 3b of the B pixel (1, 1) during the non-selection period T2. As a result, the electric field generated in the B liquid crystal layer 3b of the B pixel (1, 1) becomes substantially zero during the non-selection period T2.
- the applied voltage of the cholesteric liquid crystal changes to VF100b ( ⁇ 24V) and the force also changes to VF0 ( ⁇ 4V), and the electric field suddenly becomes almost zero.
- the liquid crystal molecules are in a spiral state in which the spiral axis is in a direction substantially parallel to both electrodes 17b and 19b, and a focal conic state in which incident light is transmitted.
- the B liquid crystal layer 3b of the B pixel (1, 1) is in a focal conic state and transmits light. Note that as shown in Fig. 6, the cholesteric liquid crystal can be in the focal conic state even if the electric field is gently removed after applying a voltage of VPIOO (V) to generate a strong electric field in the liquid crystal layer. it can.
- the above driving voltage is an example.
- a pulse voltage of 30 to 35V is applied between the electrodes 17b and 19b for an effective time of 20ms at room temperature
- the cholesteric liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 3b for B is in a selective reflection state. (Planar state), and applying a voltage of 15-22V nors for an effective time of 20ms results in a good transmission state (focal conic state).
- An ITO transparent electrode was formed on two polycarbonate (PC) film substrates cut to a size of 10 (cm) x 8 (cm) in length and breadth, and patterned by etching, with a pitch of 0.24 mm.
- Striped electrodes (scanning electrodes 17 or data electrodes 19) are respectively formed.
- Striped electrodes are formed on the two PC film substrates, respectively, so that a 320 x 240 dot QVGA display is possible.
- a polyimide alignment film material is applied to the thickness of about 700 A on the striped transparent electrodes 17 and 19 on the two PC film substrates 7 and 9 by spin coating.
- the two PC film substrates 7 and 9 coated with the alignment film material are subjected to a beta treatment for 1 hour in an oven at 90 ° C. to form an alignment film.
- an epoxy sealant 21 is applied to the peripheral edge of one PC film substrate 7 or 9 using a dispenser to form a wall having a predetermined height.
- B, G, and R display units 6b, 6g, and 6r are stacked in this order from the display surface side.
- the visible light absorbing layer 15 is disposed on the back surface of the lower substrate 9r of the R display portion 6r.
- general-purpose STN driver ICs with a TCP (tape carrier package) structure are crimped onto the stacked B, G, R display sections 6b, 6g, 6r of the scanning electrode 17 terminal and data electrode 19 terminal.
- the power supply circuit and the control circuit 23 are connected.
- the liquid crystal display element 1 capable of QVGA display is completed. Although illustration is omitted, input / output to the completed liquid crystal display element 1 is possible.
- An electronic counter is completed by providing a control device (not shown) for overall control of the device and the entire system.
- FIG. Fig. 7 (a) shows the composition ratio of the conventional B cholesteric liquid crystal used in the B liquid crystal layer
- Fig. 7 (b) shows the composition ratio of the conventional G cholesteric liquid crystal used in the G liquid crystal layer
- FIG. 7 (c) shows the composition ratio of the conventional R cholesteric liquid crystal used in the R liquid crystal layer.
- the conventional B cholesteric liquid crystal shown in FIG. 7 (a) is prepared by adding an R-type chiral material CHr to a predetermined weight of nematic liquid crystal LCn '.
- the content of chiral material CHr is 30 wt%.
- the conventional G cholesteric liquid crystal shown in FIG. 7 (b) is prepared by adding a L-type chiral material CH1 to a predetermined weight of nematic liquid crystal LCn.
- the content of chiral material CH1 is 26 wt%.
- the nematic liquid crystal LCn is the same as the conventional cholesteric liquid crystal for B.
- the ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ values of the chiral material CH1 are the same as that of the chiral material CHr, and are powdery at room temperature.
- the conventional R cholesteric liquid crystal shown in Fig. 7 (c) is prepared by adding an R-type chiral material CHr, to a predetermined weight of nematic liquid crystal LCn '.
- the content of chiral material CHr is 24 wt%.
- the nematic liquid crystal LCn is the same as the conventional cholesteric liquid crystal for B.
- Nematic liquid crystal LCn and chiral materials CHr, CH1, etc. Use ordinary sales materials.
- the optical rotation (R) of the conventional B and R cholesteric liquid crystals is the same, and is different from the conventional optical rotation (L) of the G cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the content of chiral material is higher in the conventional G cholesteric liquid crystal than in the conventional R cholesteric liquid crystal
- the conventional B cholesteric liquid crystal is higher than the conventional G cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the prepared conventional B, G, and R cholesteric liquid crystals are sealed in each liquid crystal layer of a comparative liquid crystal display element (not shown) having the same configuration as the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show the effect of improving the display characteristics of the liquid crystal display element 1 according to the present embodiment in comparison with the comparative liquid crystal display element.
- FIG. 8 shows the reflectance (scattering) of the R liquid crystal layer 3r in the focal conic state.
- the horizontal axis represents the wavelength (nm) of reflected light
- the vertical axis represents scattering (%).
- Curve A in the figure shows the scattering characteristics of the R liquid crystal layer 3r of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment
- curve B in the figure shows the scattering characteristics of the R liquid crystal layer of the conventional liquid crystal display element.
- the ⁇ value of the R liquid crystal layer 3r of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment is 0.23
- the ⁇ value of the R liquid crystal layer of the conventional liquid crystal display device is 0.29, which is almost equivalent. Value.
- the reflectance in the focal conic state of the R liquid crystal layer 3r of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment, that is, scattering, is the same as that in the conventional R liquid crystal layer in the entire measurement wavelength range. It can be seen that it is about 30% to 60% lower than the turbulence.
- FIG. 9 shows a comparison of the scattering characteristics of the B, G, and R liquid crystal layers in the focal conic state of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment and the conventional liquid crystal display element.
- the horizontal direction represents the liquid crystal display element 1 (new liquid crystal) and the conventional liquid crystal display element (conventional liquid crystal) of the present embodiment, and the vertical axis represents scattering (white plate ratio) (%).
- the ⁇ mark in the figure indicates the scattering characteristics of the R liquid crystal layer
- the country mark in the figure indicates the scattering characteristics of the G liquid crystal layer
- the ⁇ mark indicates the scattering characteristics of the G liquid crystal layer.
- the scattering in the focal conic state is reduced in all of the liquid crystal layers for B, G, and R as compared with the conventional liquid crystal display element.
- the scattering in the liquid crystal layer for B is reduced because, in the present embodiment, in the liquid crystal display element 1, the ⁇ ⁇ value of the chiral material is smaller than the ⁇ ⁇ value of the nematic liquid crystal. It has been empirically found that scattering can be reduced more suitably when there is a relationship of ⁇ .
- the reflectance is measured by measuring the luminous reflectance (threshold value) using a reflective spectrophotometer.
- the chiral material content is higher than the chiral material content of the G cholesteric liquid crystal LCg (see Fig. 2 (a)) capable of propagating the alignment control force to the Balta region.
- R cholesteric liquid crystal LCr see Fig. 2 (c)
- the alignment regulating force can be propagated to the Balta region, and a sufficient focal conic state can be created almost uniformly in the cell thickness direction.
- the director of the liquid crystal molecule 33 in the R liquid crystal layer 43r is substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface of the upper and lower substrates 7r, not only in the vicinity of the substrate interface but also in the Balta region, and rotates in the in-plane direction to form a spiral structure.
- the helical axis of the helical structure is almost parallel to the substrate surface.
- the chiral material contained in the R cholesteric liquid crystal LCr contains two kinds of optical isomers having different optical rotations at a predetermined ratio, the helical pitch necessary for selective reflection of red can be obtained.
- the G liquid crystal layer is made higher than the chiral liquid crystal layer and the R liquid crystal layer is made higher than the G liquid crystal layer, and the longest wavelength light is reflected.
- the R liquid crystal layer contains R and L chiral materials. In this way, light scattering in the focal conic state is strong. By increasing the chiral material content of the R liquid crystal layer, light scattering in the R liquid crystal layer is uniformly reduced over a wide wavelength range. it can. Therefore, the color balance and contrast of the liquid crystal layers for B, G, and R can be sufficiently improved.
- the nematic liquid crystal has a refractive index anisotropy ⁇ n value larger than that of the chiral material, and the cholesteric liquid crystal formed of the material can be used to more suitably improve the color purity and contrast of the display color. Can be improved.
- the drive voltage of each liquid crystal layer for B, G, and R can be matched well, so that the configuration of the drive circuit for the liquid crystal display element can be simplified.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal according to the present embodiment sufficiently suppresses noise reflection in the focal conic state, so that the color purity and contrast are sufficiently improved. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element 1 using the cholesteric liquid crystal and the electronic paper using the liquid crystal display element 1 can realize a color image display with a clear and good contrast and a wide color reproduction range.
- liquid crystal composition the liquid crystal display element, and the electronic paper according to the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments.
- the composition ratio of the cholesteric liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal display element 1 is the highest in the content of chiral material in the R cholesteric liquid crystal, and the R cholesteric liquid crystal has two optical isomers (R isomers) with different optical rotations And L-shaped chiral material). Therefore, the G cholesteric liquid crystal may contain only one of R-type and L-type chiral materials.
- the composition ratio of the cholesteric liquid crystals LCb, LCg, and LCr shown in the above embodiment is not limited to this.
- the content X of the chiral material contained in the nematic liquid crystal (0.18 ⁇ ⁇ 0.24) of the cholesteric liquid crystal that constitutes the liquid crystal layers for B, G, and R is 20wt% ⁇ x ⁇ 60wt% I prefer that.
- Various conventionally known nematic liquid crystals can be used, but the refractive index anisotropy ⁇ of the nematic liquid crystal is 0.18 ⁇ 0.24, and the dielectric constant
- the anisotropy ⁇ is preferably 20 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 50. If the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ of nematic liquid crystal is 20 or more, the selection range of usable chiral materials is widened.
- the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ as the cholesteric liquid crystal is preferably 20 ⁇ 50. If the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ of the cholesteric liquid crystal is too low than the above range, the driving voltage will be high. Conversely, if the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ is too high, the stability and reliability of the liquid crystal display element will be poor. As a result, image defects and image noise are likely to occur in the liquid crystal display element. Also, the specific resistance R as a cholesteric liquid crystal is desired to be in the range of 10 1G ⁇ R ⁇ 10 13 (Q'cm) . The relative dielectric constant ⁇ is 5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15 in the planar state, and 10 ⁇ in the focal conic state.
- the viscosity at room temperature is preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ ⁇ 1200 (111? &'5).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the state of liquid crystal molecules in a focal conic state of conventional liquid crystal layers for B, G, and R.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a composition ratio of materials included in a liquid crystal composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display element 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display element 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a driving waveform of the liquid crystal display element 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of voltage reflectance characteristics of a liquid crystal composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a composition ratio of materials included in a conventional liquid crystal composition.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the reflectance (scattering) of the R liquid crystal layer in the focal conic state of the liquid crystal display element 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a comparative example of scattering of liquid crystal layers for B, G, and R of the liquid crystal display element 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention and a conventional liquid crystal display element.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of a conventional liquid crystal display element capable of full color display.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of one liquid crystal layer of a conventional liquid crystal display element.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a reflection spectrum in a planar state of a conventional liquid crystal display element.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a relationship between refractive index anisotropy ⁇ of a conventional liquid crystal display element and light reflection at a liquid crystal layer.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2007523302A JP4722921B2 (ja) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | 液晶組成物の作成方法、液晶組成物を用いた液晶表示素子及びそれを備えた電子ペーパー |
CN2005800509275A CN101213485B (zh) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | 液晶组成物、利用该液晶组成物的液晶显示元件以及具有该液晶显示元件的电子纸张 |
EP05765296.8A EP1901113B1 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal display element using the same, and electronic paper comprising said liquid crystal display element |
PCT/JP2005/012237 WO2007004280A1 (ja) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | 液晶組成物及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子並びにそれを備えた電子ペーパー |
US11/967,375 US7575787B2 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2007-12-31 | Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal display element using the same, and electronic paper including the same |
US12/458,268 US7771615B2 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2009-07-07 | Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal display element using the same, and electronic paper including the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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PCT/JP2005/012237 WO2007004280A1 (ja) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | 液晶組成物及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子並びにそれを備えた電子ペーパー |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US11/967,375 Continuation US7575787B2 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2007-12-31 | Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal display element using the same, and electronic paper including the same |
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WO2007004280A1 true WO2007004280A1 (ja) | 2007-01-11 |
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PCT/JP2005/012237 WO2007004280A1 (ja) | 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-01 | 液晶組成物及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子並びにそれを備えた電子ペーパー |
Country Status (5)
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US (2) | US7575787B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1901113B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4722921B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101213485B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007004280A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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JP2009069254A (ja) * | 2007-09-11 | 2009-04-02 | Fujitsu Ltd | 液晶表示素子及びその駆動方法、及びそれを用いた電子ペーパー |
JP2010532497A (ja) * | 2007-07-03 | 2010-10-07 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | カラー液晶ディスプレイパネル設計 |
JP2011133639A (ja) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-07-07 | Fujitsu Ltd | 液晶表示素子 |
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US7845569B1 (en) | 1999-06-16 | 2010-12-07 | Vanguard Identification Systems, Inc. | Permanent RFID luggage tag with security features |
US8052061B2 (en) * | 2002-08-07 | 2011-11-08 | Vanguard Identification Systems, Inc. | Permanent RFID luggage tag with security features |
KR20080014317A (ko) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 표시 장치 |
EP1939794A3 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2009-04-01 | Vanguard Identification Systems, Inc. | Printed planar RFID element wristbands and like personal identification devices |
JP4941549B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-02 | 2012-05-30 | 富士通株式会社 | 液晶表示装置及びそれを用いた電子ペーパー |
TW201021000A (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Driving method and display utilizing the same |
US9224084B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2015-12-29 | Vanguard Identification Systems, Inc. | Smart device programmable electronic luggage tag |
US9918537B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2018-03-20 | Vanguard Identification Systems | Smart device programmable electronic luggage tag and bag mountings therefore |
CN102193224B (zh) * | 2010-03-15 | 2015-03-18 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | 显示面板及其显示驱动方法 |
JP2012008258A (ja) * | 2010-06-23 | 2012-01-12 | Fujitsu Ltd | 表示素子の駆動方法および表示装置 |
JP2012063528A (ja) * | 2010-09-15 | 2012-03-29 | Fujitsu Ltd | 反射型カラー表示素子およびカラー表示装置 |
TWI486940B (zh) * | 2012-10-01 | 2015-06-01 | Chunghwa Picture Tubes Ltd | 雙穩態液晶顯示器 |
CN110147019A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-08-20 | 山东蓝贝思特教装集团股份有限公司 | 一种多色液晶书写板 |
WO2024152348A1 (zh) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-25 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 显示模组及其驱动方法、显示装置 |
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- 2005-07-01 CN CN2005800509275A patent/CN101213485B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-01 JP JP2007523302A patent/JP4722921B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-01 WO PCT/JP2005/012237 patent/WO2007004280A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7771615B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 |
EP1901113A1 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
JPWO2007004280A1 (ja) | 2009-01-22 |
US7575787B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 |
EP1901113B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
CN101213485A (zh) | 2008-07-02 |
JP4722921B2 (ja) | 2011-07-13 |
US20090272942A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
CN101213485B (zh) | 2012-02-08 |
US20080099723A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
EP1901113A4 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
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