TW200815841A - Liquid crystal display element, process for producing the same and electronic paper having the element - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electronic paper provided with the same. The invention has an object of achieving a liquid crystal display element capable of suppressing the change in display quality caused by an external force, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electronic paper provided with the same. A blue pixel region 12b is surrounded by four wall-plane structural bodies 31 and four polymer layers 35 without break. The wall plane structural bodies 31 are formed on a lower substrate 9b and in contact with an upper substrate 7b (not shown in Fig. 5). The polymer layers 35 is fabricated by injecting a polymerizable substance (monomer or oligomer), which is different from either of a cholesteric liquid crystal and the wall plane structure bodies 31, together with a cholesteric liquid crystal between the upper and lower substrates 7b and 9b, and polymerizing the polymerizable substance.

Description

[Technical Field] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electronic paper using the liquid crystal display element. [Prior technology:! BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In recent years, the development of electronic paper has been flourishing in various enterprises and universities. It is expected that the field of application of electronic paper will be 10 electronic books, and there will be mobile devices such as sub-displays for mobile terminal devices and display units for IC cards. One of the display elements used in electronic paper is a liquid crystal display element using a liquid crystal composition (referred to as a cholesteric liquid crystal or a palm-shaped liquid crystal, hereinafter referred to as cholesteric liquid crystal) which can form a cholesterol phase. The use of cholesterol liquid crystal liquid crystal display elements has semi-permanent display retention characteristics (memory 15), vivid color display characteristics, high contrast characteristics and high resolution characteristics. Fig. 13 is a view schematically showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element 51 which can display in full color using a cholesteric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display element 51 has a structure in which a blue (9) display portion yang, a green (G) display portion kiss, and a red 2 〇 (R) display portion are sequentially laminated from the display surface. In the drawing, the upper side of the substrate on which the upper side is formed is a 7F surface 'silver solid arrow') which is incident from the upper side of the substrate peach toward the display surface. Further, the upper surface of the substrate 4 is patterned to indicate the eye of the observer and the direction of observation (dashed arrow). The B display portion 46b has a pulse wave voltage source 41b that is sealed in the upper and lower substrates (10) and between the peaches, and the liquid blood pressure 43b, which can apply a predetermined pulse wave voltage to the liquid crystal layer 43b for B. The individual portion 46g has a pulse wave voltage source that is sealed in the green (6) liquid crystal beer between the upper and lower substrates 47g and 49g, and can be applied to the G liquid crystal layer. The R display unit transmits a pulse voltage source 41p r display portion 46r having a red (R) liquid crystal 43r sealed between the upper and lower substrates 47r and 49r and a predetermined pulse wave voltage applied to the R liquid crystal layer 43r. A light absorbing layer 45 is disposed on the back surface of the lower substrate 49r. The cholesteric liquid crystal system used for each of the B, G, and R liquid crystal layers 43b, 43g, and 43r has a palm-like property (also referred to as a palm-shaped material) of tens of Wt%. A liquid crystal mixture added in a large amount to a torsional liquid crystal. When the twisted liquid crystal contains a palm-shaped material in a large amount, a cholesterol phase in which the torsional liquid crystal molecules are strongly twisted into a spiral shape can be formed. The cholesteric liquid crystal has double stability (memory), and may be in any state of a parallel spiral state, a vertical spiral state, or an intermediate state in which a parallel 15 spiral state and a vertical spiral state are mixed, depending on the electric field intensity applied to the liquid crystal. An intermediate state in which a parallel spiral state, a vertical spiral state, or a parallel spiral state and a vertical spiral state are mixed is formed, and then the state is maintained even in the absence of an electric field. The parallel spiral state is obtained by applying a predetermined high voltage between the upper and lower substrates 47, 2049, and applying a strong electric field to the liquid crystal layer 43, and then rapidly setting the electric field to zero. The vertical spiral state is obtained, for example, by applying a predetermined voltage lower than the above-described high voltage between the upper and lower substrates 47 and 49, and applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 43, and then rapidly setting the electric field to zero. In the state in which the parallel spiral state is mixed with the vertical spiral state, the voltage is lower than the voltage at which the vertical spiral state can be obtained, for example, between the upper and lower substrates 47 and 49, and the electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer 43. The ground is obtained by setting the electric field to zero. The display principle of the liquid crystal display element 51 using this cholesteric liquid crystal will be described by taking the B display portion 46b as an example. Fig. 14(a) shows the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 33 of the cholesteric liquid crystal in the parallel spiral state of the liquid crystal layer 43b of the B display portion 46b. As shown in Fig. 14(a), the liquid crystal molecules 33 in the parallel spiral state are sequentially rotated toward the substrate thickness direction to form a spiral structure, and the spiral axis of the spiral structure is approximately perpendicular to the substrate surface. In the case of the parallel spiral state, light of a predetermined wavelength region corresponding to the helical pitch of the liquid crystal molecules 33 is selectively reflected in the liquid crystal layer. When the average refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is η and the pitch of the spiral is p, the maximum wavelength of reflection λ can be expressed by λ = η · p. As described above, when the liquid crystal layer 43b of the B display portion 46b is selectively reflected by the parallel liquid helix 15b, the average refractive index n and the spiral pitch ρ are determined so as to be, for example, λ = 48 〇 nm. The average refractive index η can be adjusted by selecting the liquid crystal material and the palm-shaped material to adjust the content of the palm-shaped material to adjust the spiral pitch ρ.

Fig. 14(b) shows the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 33 of the cholesteric liquid crystal in the state in which the liquid crystal layer is swept in the vertical spiral state by the liquid crystal layer in the Β display portion 46b. As shown in Fig. 14 (7), the liquid crystal molecules 33 in the vertical spiral state are sequentially rotated toward the inner surface of the substrate to form a spiral structure, and the spiral axis of the spiral structure is approximately parallel to the substrate surface. In the case of the vertical spiral state, the liquid crystal layer 43b for B loses the selectivity of the reflection wavelength, and the incident light is almost completely transmitted. The transmitted light is absorbed by the light absorbing layer 45 disposed on the back surface of the substrate 49r under the display portion 46r of R 7 200815841, so that dark (black) display can be realized. When the parallel spiral state and the vertical spiral state are mixed, the ratio of the reflected light to the transmitted light is adjusted to change the intensity of the reflected light. Therefore, an intermediate multi-gray scale display corresponding to the intensity of the reflected light can be realized. As above

10 15

20 The tamping liquid crystal can control the amount of reflection of light by twisting the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 3 3 in a spiral shape. Similarly to the liquid crystal layer 43b for B, a liquid crystal display element in which a liquid crystal display element which can selectively reflect green or red light in a parallel spiral state is sealed in the liquid crystal layer 43g for G and the liquid crystal layer 43r for R, respectively. 51. The liquid crystal display element 51 has a memory property and can display color without consuming power even when the screen is rewritten. However, when an external force such as a surface pressing or a bayer's curvature is applied to a liquid crystal display element using a cholesteric liquid crystal, the display state that has been memorized is changed. TN (Twisted Nematie; torsion) type or (10) Twisted Nematic; super-torque type liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal is in electrical (four) axis verification state. However, if the liquid crystal of the solid crystal is not 7L, the cholesteric liquid crystal will move when the surface is rewritten. Therefore, when the liquid crystal display element using the cholesteric liquid crystal is changed in display, the display does not return to the original state until the drive is re-driven. The liquid crystal display of the liquid crystal is used to display the piece, and the memory of the display is the largest. In this case, it is a major issue to use the Gu Jingwei Jingxian material to listen to it. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of suppressing display changes due to an external force, a method for manufacturing the same, and a method for manufacturing the same. 10 electronic paper of the liquid crystal display element. Means for Solving the Problems The above object is achieved by a liquid crystal display device characterized in that: a pair of substrates disposed oppositely, a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of substrates, and both of the pair of substrates are contacted The formed wall surface structure is connected to the opening of the field surrounded by the wall structure, and the polymerizable material which is different from the liquid crystal and the wall structure, and is formed in the polymer layer of the opening. Further, the above object is achieved in accordance with an electronic paper which displays electronic paper of an image and which has the above liquid crystal display element of the present invention. Further, the above object is achieved by a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device includes forming a wall surface structure on a substrate on one side of a pair of substrates, and connecting the wall surface structure The opening portion of the surrounding area is bonded to the pair of substrates so that the wall surface member contacts both of the pair of substrates, and the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal and the wall structure are different from the above-mentioned 9 200815841 The photocurable polymerizable substance is injected between the substrates, and the opening is exposed to polymerize the polymerizable substance 'in the above-mentioned 'partial-shaped linear layer'. Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present invention, a liquid crystal display element capable of suppressing display change due to an external force, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electronic paper having the liquid crystal display element can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The diagram of the structure of a portion of the liquid crystal display element 806 proposed by the international application slaughter pct/10 JP2005/004925 is not shown in the normal direction of the substrate surface. Fig. 2 is a view showing the schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum in a state of parallel spiral of a liquid crystal display element. Fig. 5 shows a structure in which a part of the display portion 观看 is viewed in the normal direction of the substrate surface. 20(a) and 6(b) are diagrams showing an example of driving waveforms of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 shows an example of the voltage-reflectance characteristics of the cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 8 is a view showing a manufacturing cake (the first) of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 200815841 Fig. 9 (a) and (b) show the structural formula of a monofunctional acrylic vinegar precursor mixed with cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 10 (a) and (b) show the manufacturing process (the second) of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 11 (a) and (b) show the manufacturing process (the third) of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 12 (a) and (b) show the manufacturing process (fourth) of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional liquid crystal display element of a color display. Fig. 14 (a) and (b) are schematic cross-sectional views showing a liquid crystal layer of a conventional liquid crystal display element. [Embodiment] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A liquid crystal display element constructed by an embodiment of the present invention, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electronic paper having the liquid crystal display element will be described with reference to Figs. The inventors of the present invention have clarified the mechanism by which the display surface is pressed or bent or folded in the liquid crystal display element using the cholesteric liquid crystal. The inventors of the present invention have described this mechanism in the International Application No. 20, PCT/JP2004/013380 (International Publication No. WO2006/030495). The change in the display surface caused by the pressing or being bent of the display surface is caused by the change of the cholesteric liquid crystal from the vertical spiral state to the parallel spiral state. Therefore, it can be known that the liquid crystal molecules inside the pixel region are dragged by the interface of the substrate of 200815841 to make the liquid crystal molecules parallel to the substrate, and are in a flat spiral state. Further, the thinner the cell pitch of the liquid crystal display element, the more remarkable the change in the page selection. It can be seen that the thinner the cell spacing is, the more liquid crystals are in the vicinity of the interface of the substrate, and thus the more susceptible to the interface 5 of the substrate. According to the above investigation, the inventors of the present invention have been able to suppress the fluidity of the liquid crystal in the pixel region by forming the wall structure, thereby preventing the display surface of the liquid crystal display element from being pressed or the liquid crystal display element from being bent. The change in the display state caused by the factor. 1〇 A liquid crystal display element which is provided before the present embodiment will be described. The liquid crystal display element which can control the change of display is proposed by the inventors of the present invention in the international application PCT/JP2005/004925. The liquid crystal display element proposed in the international application PCT/JP2005/004925 has a liquid crystal layer similar to the display unit 4, 46g, 46r, and the liquid crystal layer includes the upper and lower substrates disposed oppositely and sealed on the upper and lower substrates. Cholesterol liquid crystal. A plurality of data electrodes extending in parallel with each other are formed on the opposite surface side of the lower substrate. On the opposite surface side of the upper substrate, in the case of viewing in the normal direction of the substrate surface, a plurality of scanning electrodes perpendicularly intersecting the plurality of data electrodes are formed. The plurality of scanning electrodes extend parallel to each other. 20 Fig. 1 is a plan view showing the construction of a portion of the liquid crystal display element 806 proposed in the international application PCT/JP2005/004925 in the normal direction of the substrate. Each of the fields in which the scanning electrode and the data electrode intersect (in the case where the substrate surface is viewed in the normal direction, the region in which the scanning electrode and the data electrode overlap) constitutes the pixel region 12. As shown in Fig. 1, a plurality of pixel areas 12 200815841 12 are arranged in a matrix. Figure 1 shows the nine pixel areas 12 and their surroundings. The wall structure 31 is formed on the lower substrate 9 and is in contact with the upper substrate (not shown in Fig. i). The wall structure 31 has an adhesive member and is attached to both the upper substrate and the lower substrate 9. In the case of viewing in the normal direction of the substrate, the wall 5 surface structure 31 has an approximately cross shape having approximately equal lengths on both sides. The wall structure 31 is formed between the pixel areas 12 to be adjacent. One pixel area 12 is surrounded by four wall structures 31. The center of the wall structure 31 is located at the corner of the pixel area 12. An opening 133 is formed between the adjacent two wall structures 31. The end portion of the wall structure 10 is opposed to the end portion of the adjacent wall structure 31 via the opening 133. The opening portion 133 is formed in the vicinity of the center of each of the four side faces of the pixel region 12. One pixel area 12 follows four openings 133. The liquid crystal layer adjacent to the pixel region 12 is connected through the opening 133. The opening portion 133 is formed by injecting liquid crystal into the pixel region 12. For example, once the cholesteric liquid crystal is injected into the liquid crystal display element 806 by the direct space 15 injection method, the liquid crystal can be filled in the entire pixel region 12 through the opening portion 13 3 . The side surface of the pixel region 12 of the liquid crystal display element 806 is surrounded by the wall structure 31 except for the opening portion 133. Since the wall surface structure 31 is adjacent to both the upper substrate and the lower substrate 9, the flow of the liquid crystal inside the pixel region 12 can be restricted. Inciting. As a result, even when the display surface of the liquid crystal display element 806 is pressed or bent, the display of the liquid crystal display element 8〇6 can be suppressed from being changed. In other words, it is possible to improve the resistance to pressing and bending in the memory display state (the power consumption state of the power consumption = 〇). However, in the liquid crystal display element 8〇6, a flow of a plurality of liquid crystals 13 200815841 remains, so that the display may be changed due to an external force such as strong pressing or bending. Use Fig. 1 to explain the reason. In the case of the liquid crystal display element 8〇6, since liquid crystal is to be injected into the inside of the pixel region 12, openings are formed in each of the four side faces of the pixel region 12. As shown in Fig. 1, in the case of the arrow pattern 5, a plurality of pixel regions 12 are formed through a plurality of openings 133 to form a liquid crystal channel which is transversely cut from the row direction and the column direction. This flow path passes through the interior of the pixel field 12. Therefore, when an external force such as pressing or bending is applied to the liquid crystal display element 806, there is room for the liquid crystal inside the pixel region 12 to flow. Patent Document 1 discloses a liquid crystal element that includes a substrate having at least one side and having a pair of electrodes transparent, and a composite film that is held between the substrates and includes a resin wall and a cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and the electrode forms a pixel. . In the composite film, one or two of the conditions of the density, the arrangement pitch, and the shape of the resin wall in one pixel are mutually different plural fields. The resin wall is formed in accordance with the following manufacturing work. First, the substrate 15 is filled with a monomer or oligomer which polymerizes a liquid crystal, a photocurable resin precursor (for example, an ultraviolet curable resin precursor) which exhibits a cholesteric liquid crystal phase at room temperature, and polymerization. The mixture of the starting agents is mixed. Next, a photomask having a predetermined pattern is placed on the outer side of the transparent substrate, and the photomask is used to display a clearing point (four) of the liquid crystal phase of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase. The light (10), such as ultraviolet light, irradiated with a predetermined illuminance, by means of Jt, the monomer or the oligomer is hardened at the portion where the light is irradiated, and the liquid helium "tree 曰 θ phase separates to form a resin wall corresponding to the shape of the mask. In the liquid crystal element disclosed in the document 1, the purpose of forming the resin wall is to use one or two of the conditions of the density, the arrangement pitch, and the shape of the 1 pixel_fat wall. In the liquid crystal element disclosed in Patent Document 1, in order to form a resin wall, it is necessary to mix a plurality of photocurable resins into the liquid crystal, so that the driving voltage of the liquid crystal becomes high. As described above, the liquid crystal element 5 disclosed in the patent document has a problem that the driver 1C for general use cannot be applied. Further, there is a problem that the strength of the resin is weak and the resistance to pressing is insufficient. In the member 806, the wall surface structure 31 is also formed in the portion VIII of the opening portion 133, and the wall surface structure 31 is formed by surrounding the side surface of the pixel area 四2 in a seamless manner, and the liquid crystal 10 is injected and bonded at the same time. In this method, since the side surface of the pixel area 12 is completely surrounded by the wall structure 31, the flow path of the liquid crystal across the complex pixel area 12 cannot be formed. Thus, the pressing or bending can be further suppressed. The flow of the liquid crystal is caused, so that the change of the display can be further suppressed. However, in order to inject the liquid crystal, it is necessary to use a special method such as the injection method 15. Further, it is very difficult to control the amount of liquid crystal injected in this way. This method has a problem that it is very difficult to encapsulate the liquid crystal inside the liquid crystal display element 806. Further, in the bonded substrate process, since the liquid crystal exists between the upper substrate (opposing substrate) and the wall surface structure 31, the upper substrate is used. It is also difficult to follow the wall structure 31. Moreover, since the wall structure 20 is in contact with the liquid crystal in an uncured state, there is also a problem of contamination. According to the liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment, compared with the liquid crystal display element 806, the display change due to the external force can be further suppressed, and the resistance to bending is high. The second to fifth figures are used for explanation. According to the embodiment, the liquid crystal display element of the liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment is a liquid crystal display element using blue (B), green (G), and red (R) liquid crystal display elements. 2 is a view showing an example of a schematic structure of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the present embodiment. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a liquid crystal display cut in a line parallel to the left-right direction of FIG. The liquid crystal display element 1 includes a B display portion (first display portion) 6b having a liquid crystal layer 3b for b reflecting blue light in a parallel spiral state, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, A G display portion (second display portion) 6g having a G liquid crystal layer 3g for reflecting green light in a parallel spiral state, and an R display portion having a liquid crystal layer 3r for R reflecting red 1 在 in a parallel spiral state (third display) Department) 6r. The display portions 6b, 6g, and 6r of B, G, and R are stacked in this order from the light incident surface (display surface) side. The B display portion 6b has a pair of upper and lower substrates 7b and 9b disposed opposite to each other, and a B liquid crystal layer 3b sealed between the substrates 7b and 5%. The B liquid crystal layer 3b selectively reflects blue light with a cholesteric liquid crystal having B which can be adjusted to have an average refractive index η and a pitch p of 15 . The G display portion 6g has a pair of upper and lower substrates 7g and 9g disposed opposite to each other and a G liquid crystal layer 3g sealed between the substrates 7g and 9g. The G liquid crystal layer 3g selectively reflects green light with a cholesteric liquid crystal having G which can be adjusted with an average refractive index η and a helical pitch p. The 20 R display portion 6r has a pair of upper and lower substrates 7r and 9r disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 3r for R which is sealed between the substrates 7r and 9r. The R liquid crystal layer 3r selectively reflects red light with a cholesteric liquid crystal having an average refractive index η and a pitch p of R. A liquid crystal composition constituting each of the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r for B, G, and R, 16 200815841 is formed by adding 10 to 40% by weight of a palm-shaped material to a twisted liquid crystal mixture. The addition ratio of the palm-shaped material is a value when the total amount of the twisted liquid crystal component and the palm-shaped material is set to 100% by weight. Although various materials can be used as the torsion liquid crystal, in order to set the driving voltages of the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r to be lower than 5, the dielectric anisotropy Δ ε is preferably 20$ Δ ε $50. Further, the value of the refractive index anisotropy Δ η of the cholesteric liquid crystal is preferably 〇.18 $ Δ η ^ 0·24. When the refractive index anisotropy Δη is smaller than this range, the reflectance of each of the parallel liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r becomes low, and if it is larger than this range, the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r are vertically spiraled. The scattering reflection of the state becomes 10 large, and the viscosity also becomes high, which lowers the reaction speed. Further, the palm-shaped material added to the cholesteric liquid crystal for B and R and the palm-shaped material added to the cholesteric liquid crystal for enthalpy are mutually different optically active optical foreign bodies. Therefore, the fluorochromic liquid crystals for B and R have the same optical rotation properties, and the fluorochromic liquid crystals have different optical rotatory properties. Fig. 4 shows an example of the reflected spectrum of the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r in a parallel spiral state. The horizontal axis represents the wavelength (nm) of the reflected light, and the vertical axis represents the reflectance (white plate ratio; %). The reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B is indicated by a curve connecting ▲ marks in the figure. Similarly, the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal layer 3g for G is shown by a curve of a concatenated mark in the figure, and the reflection spectrum 20 of the liquid crystal layer 3r for R is shown by a curve connecting ♦ marks in the figure. As shown in Fig. 4, the center wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the parallel spiral state of each of the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r is sequentially increased by the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r. In the laminated structure of B, G, and R, and in the laminated structure of 6g and 6r, the optical rotation of the liquid crystal layer 3S for G in the parallel spiral state and the rotation of the liquid crystal layers 3b and 3r for B and R are 200815841 5 • The light is different. Therefore, in the fields of blue and green and the reflection spectrum of green and red shown in Fig. 4, for example, the liquid crystal layer 3b for B and the liquid crystal layer 3r for R can reflect the light of the right circular polarization, for G. The liquid crystal layer 3g can reflect the light of the left circularly polarized light. Thereby, the incident light can be effectively reflected, and the brightness of the display surface of the liquid crystal display element 1 can be improved. In this embodiment, the upper substrate 7b, 7g, 7r and the lower substrates 9b, 9g, and 9r are cut into two sheets of polycarbonate (PC) film substrates having a length and length of 1 〇 (cm) x 8 (cm). . Further, a film substrate such as a glass substrate or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) may be used instead of the PC substrate. These film substrates 10 have sufficient flexibility. The upper substrates 7b, 7g, and 7r and the lower substrates 9b, 9g, and 9r are required to have light transmissivity. In the present embodiment, the upper substrates 7b, 7g, and 7r and the lower substrates 9b, 9g, and 9r each have translucency, but the r-display portion 6i and the lower substrate 9r disposed on the lowermost layer can be opaque. 15: As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a plurality of strip-shaped data electrodes 19b extending in the upper and lower directions in Fig. 2 are formed side by side on the liquid crystal layer 3b side of the substrate 9b under the B display portion 6b. Further, a plurality of strip-shaped material electrodes 17b extending in the left-right direction in Fig. 2 are formed side by side on the B liquid crystal layer 3b side of the upper substrate 7b. As shown in Fig. 2, the upper and lower substrates 7b and 9b are viewed in the normal direction of the electrode forming surface, and the plurality of scanning electrodes 17b and the data electrodes 19b are mutually opposed to each other. In this embodiment, the transparent electrodes are patterned to form 32-inch scanning electrodes 17b and 24 data electrodes 19b in a strip shape of 24 mm pitch to achieve a QVGA display of 320 x 240 dots. Further, the symbol 19b in Fig. 3 has a field of existence of 1% of the data electrode, and these shapes are not presented. The field in which the scanning electrode 17b and the f-electrode carry each mosquito (the area in which the substrate surface method (4) is viewed as the scanning electrode and the data electrode is repeated) is the B pixel 12b. The plurality of B pixels 12b are arranged in an array shape of the side row of the coffee row. The pixel fields are arranged in a matrix to form a display. Representative materials of the scanning electrode Hb and the data electrode 19b are, for example, 5 indium tin oxide (IT〇), and a transparent conductive film such as indirnn Zic Oxide (ΙΖΟ) can be used. Or a metal electrode such as Shi Xi or a photoconductive film such as amorphous germanium.

It is preferable that the two electrodes 17b and 19b are coated with an alignment film for controlling the arrangement of the insulating film or the liquid crystal molecules (all of which are not shown in the drawings) as the functional film. The insulating film 1 has a function of preventing short-circuiting between the electrodes 17b and 19b, and serves as a gas barrier layer for improving the reliability of the liquid crystal display TF7L member 1. Further, a polyimide resin, a polyimide resin, a polyether imine resin, a polyvinyl butyral resin, an acrylate resin, or an inorganic material such as cerium oxide or aluminum oxide can be used as the alignment film. In this embodiment, for example, the alignment film is coated on the substrate entry surface 15 on the electrodes 17b, 19b. The alignment film may also use an insulating film. As shown in Fig. 3, the B liquid crystal layer 3b is sealed between the substrates 7b and 9b by the sealing material 21b applied around the upper and lower substrates 7b and %. Further, the thickness (cell pitch) d of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B must be kept uniform. In order to maintain a predetermined cell pitch d, 20 pieces of spherical spacers (sPacer) made of resin or inorganic oxide are dispersed in the liquid crystal layer 3b for B, or a columnar spacer is mostly formed in the liquid crystal layer 3b for B. Inside. In the liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment, a spherical spacer (not shown) is also inserted into the liquid crystal layer 3b for B to maintain the uniformity of the cell pitch d. The cell pitch d of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B is preferably in the range of 3 a. If the cell pitch d is smaller than this range, the reflectance of the liquid crystal layer 3b which is spirally smeared in the flat 19 200815841 becomes low, and if it is larger than this range, the driving voltage becomes too high. Fig. 5 shows a structure in which a part of the B display portion 6b is viewed in the normal direction of the substrate surface. As shown in Fig. 5, the liquid crystal display element J 5 of the B display portion 6b is characterized by having the polymer layer 35 in which the opening portion 133 has been formed. In Fig. 5, nine pixel areas 12b and their surroundings are shown. The wall structure 31 is formed on the lower substrate 9b and is in contact with the upper substrate 7b (not shown in Fig. 5). The wall structure 3! is a member having an adhesive property, and is then applied to both the upper substrate 7b and the lower substrate 9b. The wall structure 31 has a spherical partition 10 and has a function of maintaining the cell pitch d. Looking at the normal direction of the substrate surface, the wall structure 31 has a cross shape in which the lengths of both sides are approximately equal. The wall structure 31 is formed between the adjacent B pixel areas 12b. A B pixel area 12b is surrounded by four wall structures 31. The center of the wall structure 31 is located at the corner of the b pixel area 12b. The wall structure 31 is formed, for example, by a photomask. The wall structure 31 is formed, for example, by photolithography. The wall structure 31 is formed, for example, according to the following work. The photoresist is applied to the lower substrate 9b before the bonding of the upper and lower substrates 7b and 9b and the liquid crystal injection process. Then, the photoresist is exposed and developed to form the wall structure 31. The adhesion of the wall structure 31 can be expressed, for example, in the following manner. The substrate % under the formed wall structure 31 is bonded to the upper substrate 7b before the wall structure 31 is baked, and after the upper substrate 7b and the lower substrate 9b are bonded, post-baking of the wall structure 31 is performed. grilled. Thereby, the adhesion is exhibited in the wall structure 31 due to the material forming the wall structure body 31. 20 200815841 It is generally difficult to improve the uniformity of strength and cell pitch by using a film substrate as a liquid crystal display element of the upper and lower substrates and 9b. However, according to this embodiment, since the wall structure 31 is followed by both the upper substrate 7b and the lower substrate 9b, the strength of the B display portion 6b can be improved, and the uniformity of the cell pitch 5 can be improved. The thermal expansion rate of the liquid crystal is generally higher than that of the wall structure; the rate is large. Therefore, it is assumed that the wall structure 31 has no adhesion, and when the liquid crystal expands due to a temperature change, a space is formed between the wall surface structure 31 and the upper substrate 7b. In this case, the liquid crystal inside the B pixel area 12b can be moved to the 10 B pixel area 12b by the space, and therefore, the liquid crystal flows freely on the upper substrate 7b and the lower substrate 9b, and the change in the result is remarkable. On the other hand, the wall structure 31 of the B pixel area 12b has an adhesive property, and is followed by both the upper substrate and the lower substrate. Therefore, the flow of the liquid crystal due to thermal expansion or the like can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the B display portion 6b from being changed in display due to a sudden temperature change. A polymer layer 35 is formed in the opening 133 between the adjacent two wall structures 31. The polymer layer 35 is a polymerizable substance in which any one of the polymerized cholesteric liquid crystal and the wall structure 31 is a different material. Or oligomers) formed. This polymerizable substance is mixed with the cholesteric liquid crystal and injected into the liquid crystal layer 3b for 8 together with the cholesteric liquid crystal 20. The end of the wall structure 31 faces the end of the wall structure 31 adjacent to the polymer layer 35. The polymer layer 35 is formed in the vicinity of each of the four sides of the B pixel area 12b. One b pixel area 12b is connected to the four polymer layers 35. The pixel area 12b is surrounded by four wall structures. B pixel area 12b inside 21 The liquid crystal layer 3b of 200815841 has a polymer polymer property similar to the polymer 35 (not shown in Fig. 5). The polymer is formed of the same material as the polymer 35. The side surface of the B pixel region 12b is surrounded by the four wall structures 5 31 and the four polymer layers 35 without gaps, and the wall structure 31 is next to both the upper substrate 7b and the lower substrate 7b. Compared with the liquid crystal display element 8〇6, the flow of the liquid crystal inside the B pixel field 12b is more restricted. Therefore, compared with the liquid crystal display element 806, it is possible to further suppress the display change of the B display portion 6b caused by an external force such as pressing or bending the display surface of the ? display portion 6b. That is, 10 is more resistant to pressing and bending in the memory display state than the liquid crystal display element 806. Since the G display portion 6g and the R display portion 6r have the same configuration as the B display portion 6b, the description thereof will be omitted. As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the outer surface (back surface) of the substrate 9r under the R display portion & that is, the lowermost portion 15 on the side opposite to the display surface side is disposed on the visible light absorbing layer 15. Since the visible light absorbing layer 15 is provided, light that is not reflected by the respective liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r of B, G, and R can be efficiently absorbed. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element 1 can achieve a high contrast display. Further, the visible light absorbing layer 15 may be provided as necessary. The scan electrode drive circuit 25 to which the scan driver 20C for driving the plurality of scan electrodes 17b, 17g, and 17r is mounted is connected to the upper substrates 7b, 7g, and 7r. Further, a stock electrode driving circuit 27 to which the driving electrodes for driving the plurality of scanning electrodes 19b, 19g, and 19i are mounted is connected to the lower substrates %, 9g, and 9r. The drive unit 24 is configured by including a scan electrode drive circuit 25 and a data electrode drive circuit 27. 22 200815841

The scan electrode driving circuit 25 is constructed to form (10) (4) (four) way predetermined signals, and the three scanning electrodes m, 17g, 17 pairs: three scanning electrodes 17b, 17g, and the output scanning signal two ': on the one hand, the 'before 14 electrode driving circuit 27 is constructed according to The predetermined test number from the control (4) road will be output to the poor electrode 19b, 19g respectively with respect to the selected scanning electrode m] B, G, R pixel field 12%%,] Di image information letter] , 19r. For the scanning electrode and the data driving driver HIC, (4) such as TCP (tape-wrap type package), the STN driver 1C. The predetermined output terminals of the ## electrode driving circuit 25 are commonly connected to the scanning electrodes 17b, 17g, 17r. According to this configuration, since it is not necessary to provide the scan electrode driving circuit 25 for each of -B, G, and lang, 6g, &, the configuration of the driving circuit of the liquid crystal display element ι can be simplified. Further, since the number of driver buttons for the scan electrodes can be reduced, the cost of the wave crystal display element 1 can be reduced by 15. The sharing of the output terminals of the scan electrode driving circuit 25 for B, G, and R is necessary. The liquid crystal display element 1 constructed according to the present embodiment uses cholesteric liquid crystal as the liquid crystal. Therefore, color display and memory display can be easily realized (image display with 20 power consumption = 〇). 6 and 7 are diagrams for explaining a method of driving the liquid crystal display element 。. Fig. 6 is a view showing an example of a driving waveform of the liquid crystal display element. Fig. 6 (this) is a state in which the cholesteric liquid crystal is in a parallel spiral state. Driving waveform, Fig. 6 (匕) is a driving waveform for causing the cholesteric liquid crystal to be in a vertical spiral state. The data output from the data electrode driving circuit π is shown in the upper part of Fig. 6(a) 23 200815841 and Fig. 6(b)' The signal voltage waveform vd, the middle of the figure shows the scanning signal voltage waveform Vs which is rotated from the scanning electrode driving circuit 25, and the lower stage shows the applied voltage waveform Vlc of the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, 3r to which any of the pixels 121, 12g, 12r is applied. In Fig. 6 (a) and Fig. 6 (b), the elapsed time is shown from the left to the right, and the voltage is shown in the upper and lower directions. Fig. 7 shows an example of the voltage-reflectance characteristic of the cholesteric liquid crystal. The axis represents the voltage value (v) applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal, and the vertical axis represents the reflectance (%) of the cholesteric liquid crystal. The solid line curve p shown in Fig. 7 represents the voltage of the cholesteric liquid crystal in the initial state of 10 parallel helix. The reflectance characteristic, the curve FC of the broken line indicates the voltage-reflectance characteristic of the cholesteric liquid crystal whose initial state is the vertical spiral state. The following describes the application of the predetermined voltage to the first column of the B display portion shown in Fig. 2 In the case of the 15 blue (B) pixels 12b (1, 1) at the intersection of the data electrode 19b and the scan electrode i7b (1) of the first row, as shown in Fig. 6(a), the scan electrode of the first row is selected. During the selection period of 17b(l), about 1/2 of the front side of T1 is +32V with respect to the material signal voltage Vd, σv for the scanning signal voltage, and about 1/2 of the rear side with respect to the data signal. The voltage ¥ (1 is 〇, the scanning signal voltage Vs is +32 V. Therefore, the B liquid crystal 20 layer 3b of the B pixel 12b (1, 1) is applied with a pulse wave voltage of ±32 V between the selection periods T1. 7 shows that once a predetermined high voltage VP1 〇〇 (for example, 32V) is applied to the sterol liquid crystal to generate a strong electric field, the spiral structure of the liquid crystal molecules is completely unfolded, and all liquid crystal molecules are formed along the direction of the electric field. Vertical alignment state. The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B of the B pixel 12b (1, 1) are in a vertical alignment state during the selection period 24 200815841 τι. Once the selection period Τ1 ends and the non-selection period Τ2 is present, a voltage of, for example, + or +4 vm is applied to the scan electrodes of the first row with a period of 1/2 of the selection period Τ1. On the other hand, the predetermined data signal voltage vd is applied to the data electrode 丨9 "1" of the 5th column. In Fig. 6(a), the data electrode of the first column is selected for the period of 1 /2 of the selection period T1. 19 ¥1) A voltage of, for example, +32 V and 〇乂 is applied. Therefore, a pulse voltage of ±4 V can be applied to the liquid crystal layer 3b for 6 pixels 12b (b1) between the two during the non-selection period. Between the non-selection period T2, the electric field generated by the liquid crystal layer complementation of B of the B pixel 12b (1, 1) is about 10 zero. The liquid crystal voltage applied in the vertical alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules is changed from νρ1 〇〇 (soil 32V). When the electric field is sharply set to about zero after VF 〇 (±4V), the spiral axis of the liquid crystal knife exhibits a spiral state toward the vertical direction with respect to the two electrodes 17b(1), 19b(l), and forms a selective reflection. Corresponding to the flat 15-line spiral state of the light of the spiral pitch, in order to make the B pixel 12b (1, 1) B reflect the light after forming the parallel spiral state with the liquid crystal layer 3b, the B pixel 12b (i, 丨) is not blue.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6(b), during the selection period τι on the side of about 1 /2 and the back side of about 1/2, the data signal voltage vd is 24V 20 /8V, and once scanned, When the signal voltage Vs is 0 V / + 32 V, a pulse wave voltage of ±24 V is applied to the liquid crystal layer 3b for B of the B pixel 12b (1, 1). As shown in Fig. 7, once a predetermined low voltage VF1 〇 〇b (e.g., 24 v) is applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal to generate a weak electric field, the helical structure of the liquid crystal molecules forms an incompletely unwrapped state. Once the non-selection period T2 is reached, a voltage of, for example, + 28v/ + 4v is applied to the scan electrode 7b (丨) of the first row with a period of 1 25 200815841 /2 of the selected period, the predetermined data signal voltage Vd (for example) The voltage of +24 V / 8 V) is applied to the data electrode I9b (1) at a period of 1/2 of the selection period T1. Therefore, a pulse wave voltage of -4 V / + 4 V can be applied to the B of the b pixel 12b (1, 1) with the liquid crystal layer 1-5 between the non-selection periods T2. As a result, the electric field generated by the liquid crystal layer 3b of the B pixel 12b (1, 1) between the non-selection periods is about zero. In the state where the spiral structure of the liquid crystal molecules is not completely unwound, if the voltage applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal is changed from VF100b (±24V) to VF〇(±4v)

After the electric field is sharply changed to about zero, the helical axis of the liquid crystal molecules is spiraled with respect to the two parallel electrodes 丨71^1) and 19b(i) in a direction parallel to the parallel direction, and becomes a vertical spiral state of transmitted incident light. . Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 3b of the B pixel and the B layer is in a vertical spiral state and transmits light. Further, as shown in Fig. 7, after applying a voltage of VF100 (±32 V) to generate a strong electric field in the liquid crystal layer, even if the electric field is gradually removed, the cholesteric liquid crystal can form a vertical spiral state. 15 The driving voltage is an example of a driving method. When a pulse-like voltage of 30 to 35 V • is applied to the electrodes Pb(l) and 19b(l) at room temperature for 2 〇ms, the liquid crystal for B is used. The layered cholesteric liquid crystal is in a selectively reflective state (parallel spiral state), and when the actual utility time is applied between the pulse voltages of 15 to 22 V for 20 ms, it is in a good transmission state (vertical spiral state). Further, an electric field of intermediate strength is applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal and is rapidly removed. This electric field exhibits a multi-gray scale display in which an intermediate gray scale ' is present in a parallel spiral state and a vertical spiral state. By driving in the same manner as the driving of the B pixel 12b (1, 〖), the green (G) pixel field I2g (b1) and the (8) pixel field 12r (b1) can be driven, and 26 B, 200815841 layers can be accumulated. G, R pixel area 12b (l, 1), 12g (l, 1), ΐ 2 Γ (i, pixel area 12 (1, 1) of u, color display. Also, from the third line to the 320th line Scan electrodes 17b(1) to 17b(320), 17g(l) to l7g(32〇), 17r(l) to 17r(320), perform so-called line sequential driving (line sequential scanning), and rewrite each row at 5 The data voltages of the data electrodes 19b, 19g, and 19τ, whereby the display data can be output to all fields from the pixel area 12 (1, 1) to the pixel area 12 (320, 240), and the 1-frame (display) can be realized. Next, an example of a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display element 10 will be described with reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 8 to Fig. 12. First, a method of manufacturing the Β display unit 6b will be described. ITO transparent electric drag is formed on the two pieces of polycarbonate (PC) film substrate (upper and lower substrates) 7b and 9b having a length of 10 (cm) x 8 (cm) and patterned by the remainder. A strip-shaped electrode (scanning electrode 17b or data electrode 19b) having a pitch of 24 mm is formed, and strip-shaped electrodes 17b and 19b are formed on the two pc film substrates 15 7 and 9b, respectively, so as to be able to display 32 〇χ 240 Next, as shown in Fig. 8, the wall surface structure 31 and the opening portion 133 are formed between the adjacent pixel regions 12b on the pc film substrate (lower substrate) 9b on one side by photolithography. More specifically, An acrylic film-based photosensitive resin (photoresist) is applied to the pc film substrate on one side (the lower substrate 20 is coated with an acrylate-based photosensitive resin), and the acrylate-based photosensitive resin is exposed and developed, as shown in FIG. The wall structure 31 and the opening 133 are formed between the pixel regions 12b. At this stage, the post-baking of the wall structure 31 (acrylic acid S) is not performed. Further, the wall structure 31 is formed the most. It is preferable that when two pc thin film substrates (upper and lower base 27 200815841 plates) 7b and % are bonded, it is preferable that the adhesion is formed. The opening portion 133 is formed in the vicinity of the center of each of the four side faces of the B pixel 12b. The B pixel area 12b follows four openings 133. The opening 133 is connected. The liquid crystal layer is connected between the B pixel regions 12b. The opening portion 133 is formed to inject liquid crystal into the B pixel region 12b. On the other hand, the polyethylamine-based alignment film material is applied by spin coating. The thickness of the PC film substrate (upper substrate) 7b on the other side is about 7 〇〇a. Then, the PC film substrate (upper substrate) 7b coated with the alignment film material is placed in a 9 〇〇 oven for 1 hour. Bake treatment to form an alignment film. Further, the alignment film 10 is formed on the both substrates 7b and 9b. Next, an epoxy resin sealing material 21b was applied to the peripheral portion of the PC film substrate (lower substrate) 9b on one side using a feeder. The sealing material 21b has an injection port for injecting liquid crystal. The "man" was distributed on the other side of the PC film substrate (upper substrate) with a spacer of 4# degree of error (manufactured by Sekisui Precision Chemical Co., Ltd.). Then, the wall 15-face structure 31 is bonded to the two PC film substrates (upper and lower substrates) 7b and 9b so as to contact the two PC film substrates (upper and lower substrates) 7b and 9b. Then, the bonded substrates 2b and 9b were heated at 160 °C for 1 hour to cure the sealing member 11b and the wall structure 31. Due to the material forming of the wall structure 31, the post-baking of the wall structure 31 is performed in accordance with the bonding of the two substrates 7h and 9b, whereby the wall structure 31 can be made to exhibit adhesiveness. Thereby, the sealing material 21b and the wall structure 31 can be attached to the both substrates 7b and 9b. Next, two kinds of monofunctional acrylate monomers (for example, ultraviolet curable liquid crystal, manufactured by Otsuka Ink Chemical Co., Ltd., UCL-001) shown in Fig. 9 (a) and (b) are mixed with cholesterol for B. liquid crystal. Fig. 9 (a) and Fig. 9 (b) 28 200815841 The structural formula of a monofunctional acrylate monomer (hereinafter referred to as a monomer) mixed with a cholesteric liquid crystal is not indicated. The two monomers shown in Fig. 9 (8) and Fig. 9 (b) have a rigid rod-like structure similarly to liquid crystal molecules, exhibit liquid crystallinity at room temperature (°C), and have high compatibility with cholesteric liquid crystal. Therefore, the two monomers are mixed in a molecular order by the cholesteric liquid crystal. In this way, a homogeneous mixture can be obtained. Further, the mixed solution also showed liquid crystallinity at room temperature (25 ° C). The two single systems are different from the liquid crystal and wall structure 31. As shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), both monomers have a two-layer bond. Both monomers are photocurable. The mixing ratio of the monomers is preferably from 3 to 20% by weight. 10(a) to 12(a) show the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element 1, and shows a configuration in which a part of the B display portion 6b is viewed in the normal direction of the substrate. Figs. 10(b) to 12(b) are cross-sectional views taken along line A-A of Figs. 10(8) to 12(8). A liquid crystal and a mixture of the two monomers are injected from the injection port into the pair of upper and lower substrates 7b and % by a vacuum injection method. As shown in Fig. 10 (a), the injected liquid crystal 33 and the two types of cells 61 are filled in the entire B pixel region 12b by the opening portion 133. As a result, the opening 133 serves as a flow path for filling the liquid crystal 33 and the cell 61 in the entire B pixel region 12b with the liquid crystal and the cell 61. Further, as shown in Fig. 10(b), the liquid crystal 33 and the single body 61 may be filled in the opening portion 133. In Figs. 10(a) and 10(b), the liquid crystal 33 and the cell 61 are shown in an elliptical pattern. Next, the injection port is sealed with an epoxy resin sealing material. According to the method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment, when the liquid crystal 33 and the single cell 61 are to be injected, the opening portion 133 for connecting the liquid crystal layer between the adjacent B pixel regions 12 is formed. A vacuum injection method can be used for the method of injecting 29 200815841 liquid crystal 33 and monomer 61. Further, the liquid crystal 33 and the monomer 61 are mixed at the same temperature as the liquid crystal at room temperature (25. 〇 shows liquid crystallinity. Therefore, the liquid crystal 33 and the monomer 61 are easily injected between the substrates 7b and 9b. As shown in Fig. 4(b), for example, the mask 71 that shields the three-pixel area 12b and the five-wall structure 31 can be used to expose the opening 133 with ultraviolet light (center wavelength: 365 nm). The irradiation luminance is 365 nm and 2 mV/cm 2 at the center wavelength, and the irradiation time is 4 minutes. Alternatively, the wall structure 31 and the opening 133 may be exposed by using a mask that shields the B pixel region 12b. The monomer 61 flows between the upper and lower substrates 7b and 9b by the thermal shaking of the liquid crystal 33. The ultraviolet light is irradiated onto the opening 133 to polymerize two kinds of monomers 61 having a combination of two layers in the opening portion, thereby chemically synthesizing the polymer. As shown in Fig. 11 (a) and Fig. 11 (b), the polymer having an increased molecular weight is deposited as a fibrous network in the opening portion 133, and a polymer layer 15 35 is formed in the opening portion 133. The polymer layer 35 can be formed by the wall structure 31 and the polymer layer 35 without gaps The B pixel area 12b is surrounded. Further, as shown in Fig. 11(a), a part of the cells 51 are not polymerized, and the monomer 61 remains inside the B pixel field 12b. Next, as shown in Fig. 12(b)' The B display portion 6b (including the B pixel region 2〇12b) is entirely exposed. Thereby, as shown in Fig. 12(a), the two monomers 61 remaining inside the B pixel region 12b of the unexposed portion are aggregated. Further, the single body 61 is formed inside the B pixel field 12b. Further, the full exposure process can be performed as needed. By the above work, the production of the B display portion 6b is completed. Further, G and R are produced in the same manner. Display unit 6g, 6r. 30 200815841 Next, as shown in Fig. 3, layers b, G, and R display portions 6b, 6g, and 6r are stacked in this order from the display surface side. Then, visible light is disposed on the back surface of the substrate 9r under the R display portion 6r. The absorbing layer 15. Next, the STN driver 1C for the TCP (tape-and-reel package) structure is pressed against the terminal portions and the data of the scanning electrodes 17 of the stacked B, G, and R display portions 6b, 6g, and 65r. The terminal portion of the electrode 19 is connected to the power supply circuit and the control circuit 23. Thus, the QVG can be completed. A. The liquid crystal display element 1 is displayed. Further, although the drawings are omitted, the electronic device is completed by providing the input/output device and the overall control device (all not shown in the drawings) on the completed liquid crystal display element 1. According to the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the present embodiment, before the liquid crystal is injected, the wall structure 31 for enclosing the majority of the pixel region 12 and the liquid crystal for injecting the liquid crystal into the liquid crystal display element are formed. The opening portion 133. Therefore, according to the method of fabricating the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in the present embodiment, the liquid daily can be easily injected using the direct space injection method. Further, the liquid crystal display element 1 enhances the strength of the liquid crystal display element 1 by the wall structure 31 and suppresses the flow of the liquid crystal. Further, according to the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment, after the liquid crystal is injected, the polymer layer 35 is formed in the opening portion 133. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element 1 can suppress the flow of the liquid crystal inside the pixel regions 12b, i2g, and i2r. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element 20 is improved in resistance to display change (loss of memory) due to an external force such as pressing or bending on the display surface by the wall structure 31, so that the polymer layer 35 is formed in the opening. 133 can improve the tolerance. The liquid crystal display element 1 can be made to change the tolerance of the two kings/mainly entering the liquid crystal and pressing or bending the external force toward the display surface. 31 200815841 Further, according to the method for producing the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed by the present embodiment, the polymer is photocurable. Therefore, the monomer and the liquid crystal can be injected into the inside of the liquid crystal display element, and after the liquid crystal and the monomer are injected, the mask is exposed and the monomer is hardened in the opening B3. Further, the liquid crystal display element 1 may be formed between the entire pixel regions 12b, 12g, and 12i without forming the wall structure 31. The polymer 35 is formed between the entire pixel regions 12b, 12g, and 12r, and the pixel regions 12b, 12g, and 12r are surrounded by the polymer layer 35 without gaps, so that the liquid crystal display element can suppress the change of display. However, in order to surround the 10 pixel regions 12b, 12g, and 12r without gaps in the polymer layer 35, it is necessary to mix a large amount of monomers in the liquid crystal in comparison with the case of forming the wall surface structure 31. As a result, the mixing rate of the monomers becomes high. Therefore, this liquid crystal display element causes a problem that the driving voltage of the liquid crystal becomes high. Further, since the wall structure 31 is not formed, the liquid crystal display element 'the strength of the liquid crystal element is lowered' and there is a problem that it is difficult to maintain the uniformity of the cell I5 pitch. (Example) The resistance of the liquid crystal display element 1 to pressing and bending was examined. The liquid crystal display element 1 does not see a change in the memory display for the bending of the radius of curvature R = 30 mm. Further, the liquid crystal display element 1 does not see a change in the display that has been memorized for 6 kg/cm2. • As described above, the liquid crystal display element 1 exhibits a resistance to an external force such as pressing or bending. The tolerance of the liquid crystal display element 1 to the external force is based on the formation of the opening portion 133 by the poly-a material layer 35 to suppress the liquid crystal flow, the resistance of the wall structure 31 to compression, and the wall structure 31 to the upper and lower substrates. 200815841 and depending on the change in cell spacing. (Comparative Example) Except that the monofunctional acrylate monomer of the photocurable material is not mixed with the cholesteric liquid crystal, and the process of curing the photocurable material is omitted (the works shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12) A liquid crystal display element was produced in the same manner as the liquid crystal display element 1. Check to understand the tolerance of the LCD panel for pressing and bending. The liquid crystal display element does not show a change in the memory display for a bend having a radius of curvature of 30 mm, but it is confirmed that there is confusion in display for the above-described bending. Further, the liquid crystal display showed that the pressing resistance was 2 kg/cm2. Compression resistance refers to the fact that when the human finger presses the presentation surface of the liquid crystal display member, the liquid crystal display element can withstand the maximum finger pressing force of the display change. As described above, according to the present embodiment, the liquid crystal display element 1 can be obtained in the liquid crystal display element 15 using the cholesteric liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal can be easily injected, and the pressing or bending can be suppressed. The change in display caused by external forces. Further, the electronic paper having the liquid crystal display 7L according to the present embodiment can suppress the display change due to an external force such as pressing or bending, and can display the color brightly. Industrial Applicability 2〇 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment and can be variously modified. For example, in the above embodiment, a passive matrix type (simple matrix type) liquid crystal display device element is described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is also applicable to each pixel having a thin film transistor (TFT). An active matrix type liquid crystal display device element of a switching element such as a thin film diode. 33 200815841 In the above embodiment, an example of a liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal is exemplified, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and a liquid crystal display having other liquid crystals having a remarkable property may be applied. Further, in the above-described embodiment, a liquid crystal display element having a three-layer structure in which the display portions 6b, 6g, and 6r of the layers B, g, and R are laminated is exemplified, but the present invention is not limited thereto. A liquid crystal display element of two or more layers can be applied. Further, the above embodiment exemplifies the liquid crystal display element having the display portions 6b, 6g, & the display portion 6b, 6g, 6r having the liquid crystal layer 3b reflecting blue, green or red light in the state of the parallel spiral 10, 3g and 3r, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a liquid crystal display element having a three-layer display portion having a liquid crystal layer which can reflect cyan blue, magenta, and yellow light in a parallel spiral state can also be applied. Moreover, in the above embodiment, the wall structure 31 is not formed in the pixel collar 15 domains 12b, 12§, 121*, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be in the pixel field, for example, in the center of the pixel field. A plurality of wall structures are formed in the portion or the pixel region. The wall structure body does not need to be completely formed on the outer sides of the pixel areas 12b, 12g, and 12r, and can be placed on the peripheral portion of the pixel field. [The strength of the wall structure 31 is increased to stabilize the adhesion, and the wall structure 31 can be formed in the outer periphery of the pixels 颔 = 2 〇 12b, 12g, and 12r. The "domain", polymer (4) shape is not limited to the two polymers of the 9w (a) and the first shown, but may be other photopolymerizable oligomers. Q or the method of expressing the adhesion of the wall structure 31 is not limited to being baked after the lamp wall surface structure 31 of 3, 34 200815841, and the substrate and the upper substrate of the wall structure 31 are formed and attached to the sticker. After the substrate and the lower substrate are closed, a method of baking the wall structure 31 is performed. Further, depending on the material for forming the wall structure 31, after the wall structure 31 is baked, the lower substrate and the upper substrate are bonded to each other to exhibit adhesiveness. Further, the shape of the wall structure 31 is not limited to an approximately cross shape in which the lengths of both sides are approximately equal. The pixel structures 12b, 12g, and I2r can be surrounded by the wall structure 31 and the polymer layer 35 without gaps. The shape of the wall structure 31 may be, for example, a cross shape having a different length on both sides. Further, the number of the openings 133 (polymer layers 35) is not limited to four positions in one pixel region 12b, 12g, and 12r. The opening portion 133 (polymer layer 35) can be formed by injecting liquid crystal into all of the pixel regions 12b, 12g, and 12τ, and two, three, or five can be formed in each of the pixel regions 1213, 12g, and 12r. The opening portion 133 (polymer layer 35). Further, the position at which the opening portion 133 (the polymer 15 layer 35) is formed is not limited to the vicinity of each of the four side faces of the opening portion ( 33 (polymer layer 35). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a structure of a portion of a liquid crystal display element 806 proposed by the international application PCT// JP2005/004925 in the normal direction of the substrate. Fig. 2 is a view showing the schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 35 200815841 Figure 4 shows an example of the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal display element in the parallel spiral state. Fig. 5 shows the structure in which one portion of the display portion 6b is viewed in the normal direction of the substrate surface. (Fig. 6(a) and (b) are diagrams showing an example of driving waveforms of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 shows an example of the voltage-reflectance characteristics of the cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 8 is a view showing the manufacturing process (the first) of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 10 Fig. 9 (a) and (b) show the structural formula of a monofunctional acrylate monomer mixed with a cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 10 (a) and (b) show the manufacturing process (the second) of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 11 (a) and (b) show the manufacturing process (the third) of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the embodiment 15 according to the present invention. Fig. 12 (a) and (b) show the manufacturing process (fourth) of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element of a conventional color display. 20 (a) and (b) are schematic cross-sectional views showing a liquid crystal layer of a conventional liquid crystal display element. [Explanation of main component symbols] 1, 5, 806, liquid crystal display elements 3g, 43g ".G liquid crystal layer 3b, 431) · Liquid crystal layer 3r, 43r. "R liquid crystal layer 36 200815841 6b, 46b .B"B display unit 6g, 46g".G display unit 6r, 46r...R display units 7b, 7g, 7r, 47b, 47g, 47r·························· 49r··· 铋 12... pixel area 12b... blue (B) pixel area 12g... green (G) pixel area 12r... 釭 (R) pixel area 15... visible light absorbing layer 17r, 17g, 17b... scan electrodes 19r, 19g 19b...data electrode 21b, 21g, 21r·"sealing material 23···control circuit 24...drive unit 25...scan electrode drive circuit 27...data electrode drive circuit 31...wall structure 33...liquid crystal (liquid crystal molecule) 35 Polymer layer 41b, 41g, 41r·· pulse wave voltage source 61...cell 63...polymer Ή...mask 133···opening 806...liquid crystal display element 37

Claims (1)

200815841 X. Patent application scope: 1. A liquid crystal display element 'has a pair of substrates, which are opposite to each other; a liquid crystal ' is sealed between the pair of substrates, and a 5 wall structure contacts the pair of substrates The opening portion is connected to a region surrounded by the wall structure; and the polymer layer is a polymerizable substance that polymerizes a material different from the liquid crystal and the wall structure, and is formed in the opening. Part. The liquid crystal display element of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable substance has photocurability. 3. The liquid crystal display element of claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymerizable substance exhibits liquid crystallinity at room temperature (25 ° C). 4. The liquid crystal display device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the wall 15 surface structure is followed by both of the pair of substrates. 5. The liquid crystal display element of claim 1 or 2, wherein the wall structure and the polymer layer form a seamless structure. 6. The liquid crystal display element of claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal is a cholesteric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal laminate has three layers as the first to third display portions, respectively, and the liquid crystal display of the first to third display portions reflects light. The state, the state of transmitted light, or the intermediate state of the reflected light and the transmitted light, and the liquid crystals of the first to third display portions respectively reflect light of one of blue, green, or red. The liquid crystal display device of claim 7, wherein the liquid crystal of the first display portion reflects the blue light, the liquid crystal of the second display portion reflects the green light, and the third display portion The liquid crystal reflects the red light, and a layer is formed in the order of the first, second, and third display portions from the display surface side. 9. The liquid crystal display device of claim 8, wherein the optical activity of the liquid crystal of the second display portion is different from the optical rotation of the liquid crystal of the second and third display portions. 10. The liquid crystal display element of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a light absorbing layer disposed at a lowermost portion opposite to the display surface side. 11. An electronic paper for displaying an image, comprising: a liquid crystal display element of claim 1 or 2. 12. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising the steps of: forming a wall structure and an opening 15 on a substrate on one side of a pair of substrates, wherein the opening is connected to be surrounded by the wall structure; In the field, the pair of substrates are bonded to each other, and the wall structure is brought into contact with both of the pair of substrates; and the liquid crystal and the polymer material having the photocurable property are different from the liquid crystal and the wall structure. Injecting between the pair of substrates; exposing the opening to polymerize the polymerizable material; and forming a polymer layer in the opening. 13. The method of producing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein the polymerizable substance exhibits liquid crystallinity at room temperature (25 ° C). The method for producing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein the wall structure and the polymer layer are formed, and the wall structure and the polymer layer form a seamless structure. 15. The method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device of claim 12 or 13, wherein the polymer layer is formed in the opening portion, the pixel region is exposed, and remains in the pixel field. The aforementioned polymerizable substance is polymerized. 40