WO2006064617A1 - トナー、トナーの製造方法及び二成分現像剤 - Google Patents
トナー、トナーの製造方法及び二成分現像剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006064617A1 WO2006064617A1 PCT/JP2005/020134 JP2005020134W WO2006064617A1 WO 2006064617 A1 WO2006064617 A1 WO 2006064617A1 JP 2005020134 W JP2005020134 W JP 2005020134W WO 2006064617 A1 WO2006064617 A1 WO 2006064617A1
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- GAWNZODVQATWIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2,3-triol;tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GAWNZODVQATWIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093625 propylene glycol monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001054 red pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083542 sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940083575 sodium dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001589 sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011078 sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004129 sorbitan tristearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008054 sulfonate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09392—Preparation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- G03G9/08782—Waxes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
- G03G9/09314—Macromolecular compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
- G03G9/09357—Macromolecular compounds
- G03G9/09364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
- G03G9/09357—Macromolecular compounds
- G03G9/09371—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a toner that is a color material used in a copying machine, a laser printer, a plain paper facsimile machine, a color copying machine, a color laser printer, a color facsimile machine, a composite machine in which these are combined, and the production of the toner.
- the present invention relates to a method and a two-component developer.
- Oil-less fixing, etc., to obtain clear color prints is required under conditions such as good maintainability and low ozone exhaust. These functions are desired to be compatible with each other at the same time.
- the image forming process not only the image forming process but also the improvement of the characteristics of the toner used therein are important factors in the development.
- the color printing fixing process is performed for each color constituting the color.
- toner melting failure occurs, light scattering occurs on the surface or inside of the toner image, so-called toner image, and the original color tone of the toner dye is impaired, and the toner layers of each color overlap. In this area, light does not enter the lower layer and color reproducibility is degraded.
- the toner it is necessary for the toner to have a light-transmitting property that can cope with low-temperature fixing, has sufficient melting characteristics, and does not impair the color tone of the toner, as well as a reduction in the particle size. ing.
- translucency in overhead projector (OHP) films is becoming more and more necessary due to the increase in color presentation opportunities.
- toner having sufficient melting characteristics when toner having sufficient melting characteristics is used, a high temperature offset (hot offset) phenomenon in which toner adheres to the surface of the fixing roller easily occurs. (Fixing oil) must be applied to the surface of the fixing roller in a large amount, which complicates the configuration and handling of the fixing device. For this reason, oil-less fixing that does not use fixing oil at the time of fixing is required in order to reduce the size of the device and reduce maintenance costs.
- the toner is required to have a cohesive performance that does not cause a high-temperature offset phenomenon and does not aggregate during storage and storage together with a melting performance such as low-temperature melting and translucency for low-temperature fixing. It has been.
- a toner generally has a resin component as a binder, a color component composed of a pigment or dye as a color additive, a plasticizer, a charge control agent, and a wax as necessary. It is comprised by the addition component by other additives, such as a type
- the rosin component natural or synthetic rosin is used singly or appropriately mixed. Then, the above-mentioned additives are premixed at an appropriate ratio, and then heat-kneaded and heat-melted. Then, it is finely pulverized by the air impingement plate system and classified into fine powders to form a toner base. In place of this kneading and pulverization method, there is also a method of preparing a toner base by a chemical polymerization method.
- an external additive such as hydrophobic silica is externally added to the toner base to complete the toner.
- the one-component developer is composed of only this toner, but the two-component developer is composed of this toner and a carrier made of magnetic particles.
- binder fine particles also called first binder fine particles when distinguished from second binder fine particles described later
- the toner base is formed by mixing and further heating to form a resin-fused layer by adhering and fusing the second binder resin fine particles to the agglomerated particles (also referred to as core particles).
- toner has a characteristic that toner cohesion is strong, so that the tendency of toner image disturbance and transfer failure during transfer is more prominent. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve both fixing and transfer. It is. That is, in the method for producing a toner base in which a wax is added as a release agent to a low softening resin during melt kneading, as the amount of addition increases, the toner fluidity decreases, so-called hollowing out during transfer. The amount of wax that can be added and blended is limited because of such adverse effects as an increase in transfer defects such as adhesion of toner components to the photoreceptor and the occurrence of so-called toner filming.
- toner film is formed by adhering a low melting point component of the toner to the toner, so that it is easy to cause a phenomenon of scavenging, so that the charging ability of the carrier toner is lowered and the long life of the two-component developer is prevented.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a coating carrier in which a fluorine-substituted alkyl group is introduced into a silicone resin of a coating (coating) layer for a positively charged toner.
- Patent Document 2 proposes conductive carbon and cross-linkable fluorine modification are described as having high development capability and not deteriorating over a long period of time in a high-speed process.
- a coating carrier containing a functional silicone resin has been proposed. These carriers make use of the excellent charging characteristics of silicone resin and the fluorine-substituted alkyl group provides slippery 'peelability' and water repellency properties, resulting in wear / peeling / cracking. On top of that, the phenomenon of spenting can be prevented.
- the release agent contains at least one ester having at least one of a higher alcohol having 12 to 30 carbon atoms and a higher fatty acid having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and the binder resin. It is disclosed that the fine particles contain at least two kinds of binder resin fine particles having different molecular weights, and thus have excellent fixability, color developability, transparency, color mixing properties and the like.
- the molecular weight distribution of the resin component has peaks or shoulders of at least 1,500-20,000 and 50,000 to 500,000, and the peaks or shoulders on the low molecular weight side are
- olefin waxes such as polypropylene and polyethylene, modified products thereof, natural waxes such as carnauba wax and rice wax, amide waxes such as fatty acid bisamides, etc. are added, and heat fixing is disclosed. It describes the effect of being able to stably form a high-quality visible image over a long period of time with excellent offset resistance.
- latex 1 in which low molecular weight resin particles are dispersed latex 5 in which high molecular weight resin particles are dispersed, colorant dispersion 1 and WAX emulsion (polypropylene emulsion) are salted out.
- WAX emulsion polypropylene emulsion
- the low molecular weight component having a peak or shoulder in the range of 1,500 to 20,000 in the molecular weight distribution measured at least by GPC is 50,000 to 500.
- a high molecular weight component having a peak or shoulder and a release agent having a peak in the DSC range of 70 to: L00 ° C, and a salting out Z fused toner is disclosed.
- it describes the effect of forming a high-quality image over a long period of time with excellent cleaning properties and charging stability.
- low molecular weight resin particles dispersion “Latex 1”, high molecular weight resin particles dispersion “Latex 2”, “colorant particle dispersion 1” and “release agent particle dispersion 1” The manufacture with stirring and salting out Z fusion is described.
- a toner such as wax is added in the production of a toner base by a polymerization method, so that the toner can be used for oilless fixing and development. It is possible to achieve both reduction in fogging and transfer efficiency. However, it is difficult to uniformly incorporate the wax into the agglomerated particles, and the dispersibility of the wax is poor, and the toner image melted at the time of fixing tends to cause color turbidity.
- the wax is dispersed without being uniformly taken in.
- the adhesion of the second binder resin fine particles does not proceed or the second binder resin fine particles once attached to the aggregated particles are present on the surface of the aggregated particles.
- the second binding fat particles that are separated again and released into the water system due to the release action of The particles themselves tend to become coarse when the particles remain or when the fusion is forced by the heating conditions.
- the dispersion of the release agent such as wax has a great influence on the cohesiveness at the time of mixing and coagulation due to the polarity of the wax used and the thermal characteristics such as the melting point.
- a large amount of specific wax must be added to achieve oil-less fixing.
- the particle size tends to increase with the heat treatment time.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 2801507
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-23429
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-198070
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent No. 3399294
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-154405
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-134017
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-116574
- the present invention solves such a conventional problem, while achieving both low temperature melting for low temperature fixing, high temperature offset phenomenon, and ensuring storage stability under high temperature,
- a release agent such as wax does not coarsen the particles that become toner base particles, and there is no need for a classification step and a small particle size toner with a uniform particle size.
- Its manufacturing method, high charging capability and durability are sufficient, and it does not deteriorate due to the phenomenon of venting! Provide a two-component developer.
- aqueous medium in an aqueous medium, at least a first resin particle dispersion in which first resin particles are dispersed, a colorant particle dispersion in which colorant particles are dispersed, and wax particles are dispersed.
- the second wax particle dispersion in which the second resin particles are dispersed is added to the core particle dispersion in which the core particles in which at least a part of the wax particle dispersion is mixed and agglomerated and dispersed are mixed.
- a toner containing toner base particles obtained by fusing the second resin particles to the core particles by heating, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of the second resin particles.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn2) measured by 0.99 to 30,000 to 30,000, the weight average molecular weight (Mw2) to 50,000 to 500,000, the ratio of the weight average molecular weight (Mw2) to the number average molecular weight (Mn2) Mw2 ZMn2 is 2 to 10 and the wax particles are at least a first wax and a second wax.
- the endothermic peak temperature (melting point Tmwl) of the first wax by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method is 50 to 90 ° C, and the endothermic peak temperature of the second wax by DSC method ( Melting point Tmw2) and Tmwl
- the toner production method of the present invention in the aqueous medium, at least the first resin particle dispersion in which the first resin particles are dispersed, and the colorant particles in which the colorant particles are dispersed.
- a method for producing a toner comprising a step of adding a second resin particle dispersion in which second resin particles are dispersed, heating, and fusing the second resin particles to the core particles.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn2) measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) of the second resin particles is 0.990 to 30,000
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw2) is 50,000 to 500,000
- the ratio Mw2ZMn2 of the weight average molecular weight (Mw2) and the number average molecular weight (Mn2) is 2 to 10
- the wax particles include at least a first wax and a second wax
- the first wax has an endothermic peak temperature (melting point Tm wl) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method of 50 to 90 ° C, and
- the mixed dispersion In the course of the heat treatment of the mixed dispersion, at least a part of the plurality of wax particles is melted, the melted particles are aggregated and coalesced to form core particles, and the second resin particles are heated by heating. It is characterized by being fused to the core particles.
- the two-component developer of the present invention uses the toner as a toner base, and the toner base has an average particle diameter of 6 ⁇ ! Inorganic fine powder in the range of ⁇ 200 nm is added in the range of 1 to 6 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base, and at least the surface strength of the core material is added to the 100 parts by weight of the aminosilane coupling agent. It is characterized by comprising a carrier containing magnetic particles coated with 5 to 40 parts by weight of fluorine-modified silicone resin.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an image forming apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration of a fixing unit used in an embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing shown.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the stirring and dispersing apparatus used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the stirring and dispersing apparatus used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the stirring and dispersing apparatus used in one embodiment of the present invention. is there.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the stirring / dispersing device used in one embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention is different in the first resin particle dispersion in which the first resin particles are dispersed, the colorant particle dispersion in which the colorant particles are dispersed, and the melting point or composition.
- Second wax particles in which second wax particles are dispersed in core particles in which a wax particle dispersion in which a plurality of wax particles are dispersed is mixed in an aqueous system and heated to agglomerate and at least partially melt.
- the number average molecular weight Mn2 of the second resin particles is from 0.9000 to 30,000, weight
- the average molecular weight Mw2 is 50,000 to 500,000, and the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight Mw2ZMn2 is 2 to 10
- the second wax on the surface of the core particles using a plurality of waxes having different melting points or compositions It promotes particle fusion, suppresses the floating second resin particles that are not involved in fusion, and improves surface smoothness. It is possible to form particles having a retained resin fusion film with less unevenness.
- the toner base particles having a small particle size and a substantially uniform particle size can be formed without a coarsening step without coarsening the generated particles.
- the low temperature fixing property, translucency, glossiness and the melting point (Tmw2 ) Adopts the second wax at a temperature 5 to 50 ° C. higher than Tmw 1 to give high temperature offset resistance at the time of fixing.
- an inorganic fine powder having an average particle size in the range of 6 to 200 nm is added in an amount of 1 to 6 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base, and externally added, so that the surface has at least an aminosilane coupling agent.
- a two-component developer mixed with a carrier composed of a magnetic particle cover coated with a fluorine-modified silicone-based resin containing there is an effect that deterioration due to the Spentoy wrinkle phenomenon does not occur.
- the present invention is an oilless fixing that has high glossiness and high translucency, has favorable charging characteristics, environmental dependency, cleaning properties, transferability, and a sharp particle size distribution.
- the present inventors have intensively studied to provide image formation that enables the formation of color images.
- Preparation of a resin particle dispersion is carried out by subjecting a vinyl monomer to a homopolymer or copolymer (vinyl resin) of a vinyl monomer by emulsion polymerization or seed polymerization in a surfactant.
- a dispersion is prepared by dispersing rosin particles in a surfactant.
- the means include high-speed rotary emulsifiers, high-pressure emulsifiers, colloidal emulsifiers, and dispersion devices known per se such as a ball mill, a sand mill, and a dyno mill having media.
- the oil in the resin particles is a resin other than a homopolymer or copolymer of the vinyl monomer
- the oil is an oil-based solvent having a relatively low solubility in water. If solubilized, the resin is dissolved in the oily solvent, and this solution is finely dispersed in water together with a surfactant and a polymer electrolyte using a disperser such as a homogenizer, and then heated or decompressed. Then, the oily solvent is evaporated to prepare a dispersion liquid in which the resin particles other than the bull resin are dispersed in the surfactant.
- polymerization initiators 2, 2, 1-azobis (2,4 dimethylvale-tolyl), 2, 2, 1-azobisisobuty-n-tolyl, 1, 1, 1-azobis (cyclohexane- 1-carbox) -Tolyl), 2,2'-azobis-4-methoxy-2,4 dimethylvaleronitrile, azobisisobutyronitrile, and other azo or diazo polymerization initiators, and persulfates (potassium persulfate, Ammonium sulfate, etc.), azo compounds (4, 4, azobis 4 cyanovaleric acid and its salts, 2, 2, azobis (2-amidinopropane) salts, etc.), peroxide compounds, etc. It is done.
- the colorant particle dispersion is prepared by adding colorant particles in water to which a surfactant has been added and dispersing the particles using the above-described dispersion means.
- the wax particle dispersion is prepared by adding wax particles in water to which a surfactant has been added, and dispersing them using an appropriate dispersing means.
- the toner of the present invention disperses at least a resin particle dispersion in which the first resin particles are dispersed, a colorant particle dispersion in which the colorant particles are dispersed, and wax particles in an aqueous medium.
- the wax particle dispersion is mixed and heated to at least partially melt and agglomerate.
- the second resin particle dispersion in which the second resin particles are dispersed is added and heated to fuse the second resin particles to the core particles. Toner base particles.
- the molecular weight characteristics measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of the second resin particles used were a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 0.9000 to 30,000, a weight average molecular weight (M w) is 50,000 to 500,000, the ratio of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) is MwZMn is 2 to 10, and the wax comprises at least a first wax and a second wax,
- the endothermic peak temperature (melting point Tmwl (° C)) of the first wax by DSC method is 50 to 90 ° C. From the endothermic peak temperature (melting point Tmw2 (° C)) force Tmwl of the second wax by DSC method The temperature is also 5-50 ° C.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is 110,000 to 250,000
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 50,000 to 400,000
- the Z average molecular weight (Mz) is 100,000 to 500,000
- MwZMn is 2 to 8
- MzZMn is 5 to 40
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is 14,000 to 220,000
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 50,000 to 300,000
- the Z average molecular weight ( Mz) is preferably 100,000 to 400,000
- MwZMn is 2.5 to 5
- MzZMn is preferably 5 to 30.
- the aim is to improve the high temperature offset resistance, the storage stability at high temperatures, or the printing durability during development by fusing the second resin particles to the surface of the core particles.
- the second resin particles are adhered and melted (fused) onto the surface of the core particles blended with the wax, the second resin particles are prevented from fusing due to the release effect of the wax, thereby preventing the fusion.
- V in which non-contributing water particles remain floating in water, making it difficult to form a uniform second resin fusion layer.
- the core particles containing two or more kinds of waxes having different melting points or compositions as described above if the wax is partially exposed, the fusion tends to be more likely.
- the melting of the second resin particles during heating can be accelerated,
- the fusion of the second resin particles can be improved on the surface of the core particles containing two or more kinds of waxes having different melting points.
- Mn is less than 90,000, Mw is less than 50,000, or Mz is less than 80,000, durability, high-temperature offset resistance, and separation property between the fixing roller and the paper at the time of fixing deteriorate. Dissolution of the second resin particles Since the melting is accelerated, the particle size distribution of the particles to which the second resin particles are fused tends to be coarse. When Mn exceeds 30,000, Mw exceeds 500,000, or Mz exceeds 85, glossiness and translucency deteriorate. Further, it becomes difficult for the second resin particles to adhere to the surface of the core particles.
- the second resin particles can be thermally fused to the surface of the core particles uniformly. If M wZMn exceeds 10 or MzZMn exceeds 50, the thermal fusing property to the core particle surface deteriorates, and unevenness occurs in the second resin layer that has been fused, leaving unevenness on the surface layer, resulting in smoothness. It's hard to do. Also, when MwZMn is less than 2 or MzZMn is less than 5, the productivity of the resin decreases.
- the purpose of using a plurality of waxes having different melting points is to provide a low-temperature fixing property with a low-melting wax and to obtain high-temperature offset resistance, heat resistance and high-temperature storage stability with a high-melting wax.
- the melting point Tmwl of the first wax is preferably 55 to 85 ° C, more preferably 60 to 85 ° C, and even more preferably 65 to 75 ° C. When it is less than 50 ° C, storage stability deteriorates. The generated particles are likely to become coarse. If it exceeds 90 ° C, low-temperature fixability, color translucency and gloss will not be improved.
- the melting point Tmw2 of the second wax is more than 5 ° C higher than the melting point Tmwl of the first wax, so that the functions of the plurality of waxes can be separated efficiently, and the low melting point wax can fix the low temperature. It is an object to obtain high temperature offset resistance, heat resistance and high temperature storage stability with a high melting point wax. If it is less than 5 ° C, the effects of both low-temperature fixability and off-set resistance are difficult to achieve.
- the melting point Tmw2 of the second wax exceeds 50 ° C higher than that of Tmwl, the wax melting timing is too far apart in the formation of agglomerated particles, and the particle size is such that the wax dispersion becomes difficult to be uniform. The distribution will also be broad. In addition, the uniformity of the second resin particle fusion is reduced, unevenness is likely to occur, and unevenness tends to remain on the surface layer.
- a resin-particle dispersion liquid in which the first resin particles are dispersed, and a colorant in which the colorant particles are dispersed are dispersed.
- Mixing and dispersing the particle dispersion and the wax particle dispersion in which the wax particles are dispersed The pH of the mixed dispersion is adjusted to a certain condition, a water-soluble inorganic salt is added, and the mixed dispersion is heated above the glass transition temperature of the first resin particles and above the melting point of Z or wax. To form a core particle that is at least partially melted.
- the core resin dispersion in which the core particles are dispersed is mixed with the second resin particle dispersion in which the second resin particles are dispersed, and the glass transition temperature of the second resin particles is exceeded.
- a heat-treated at this temperature forms a resin-fused layer that fuses the second resin particles to the core particles (sometimes referred to as shelling).
- the second resin particles have a glass transition point (Tg2 (° C)) of 60 ° C to 75 ° C and a soft transition point (Ts2 (° C)). It is also preferable that the temperature is 140 ° C to 180 ° C. More preferably, the glass transition point is 63 ° C to 75 ° C, the soft transition point is 150 ° C to 180 ° C, and still more preferably, the glass transition point is 68 ° C to 75 ° C. Is between 160 ° C and 180 ° C. Storage stability at high temperatures, printing durability, high temperature offset resistance or paper separation can be improved.
- the glass transition point of the second resin is less than 60 ° C, the storage stability deteriorates. If the temperature exceeds 75 ° C., the fusion property to the surface of the core particles in which two types of wax particles having different melting points are blended is deteriorated, and uniform adhesion is difficult. If the softness point of the second resin is less than 140 ° C, the printing durability, high-temperature offset resistance, or paper separation will be reduced. If it exceeds 180 ° C, the adhesion to the surface of the core particles will be poor and it will be difficult to adhere uniformly. Glossiness or translucency deteriorates.
- the second resin particles are adhered to the surface of the core particles, and heated to Tg or more of the second resin particles to form a resin surface fusion layer.
- the second particle particles are dispersed in the core particle dispersion in which the core particles are dispersed.
- the pH of the core particle dispersion to which the second resin particles are added is adjusted to the range of 2.2 to 7.8. Thereafter, it is also preferable to employ a method of heat treatment for 0.5 to 5 hours at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the second resin particles.
- the thickness of the layer is preferably 0.5 ⁇ -2 / ⁇ . If it is thinner than this, the above-mentioned effects cannot be exhibited, and if it is thicker, the low-temperature fixability is hindered.
- the second resin particles are preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 20% by weight or more, still more preferably 30% by weight or more, and 40% by weight or less based on the total toner resin. Is preferred.
- the wax includes at least a first wax and a second wax, and at least one of the first coconut ska, a higher alcohol having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, and a higher fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms. It is preferable that the ester wax contains a strong force, and the second wax contains an aliphatic hydrocarbon wax.
- the wax includes at least a first wax and a second wax, a wax having a first wax strength iodine value of 25 or less and a saponification value of 30 to 300, and a second wax strength aliphatic. Includes hydrocarbon wax.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon wax is likely to agglomerate with the coconut but also to the cocoon. It is a hard wax. Presence of particles floating without wax being incorporated into the core particles, and aggregation of the core particles does not progress, and the particle size distribution tends to be broad.
- the particle diameter becomes coarse. Furthermore, when the second resin particles are further shelled into the melted core particles, a phenomenon occurs in which the core particles rapidly agglomerate and the particles become coarse.
- the aliphatic carbonization is performed. Suppresses the presence of particles that are floating without hydrogen wax being incorporated into the core particles, suppresses the particle size distribution of the core particles from broadening, and further causes the core particles to rapidly agglomerate during shelling. It tends to relieve the phenomenon that the core particles become coarse [0062] This is because when the first wax is agglomerated by heating, the coagulation of the first wax and the coagulation of the aliphatic hydrocarbon wax is promoted by the progress of the coagulation of the suspended particles. I guess it can be prevented.
- the first wax has a tendency that the low-temperature fixing is further improved by partially progressing the resin and the compatibility.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon wax does not progress in compatibility with the resin, it exists in the crystalline state in the core particle, and can exhibit the function of improving the high temperature offset property. That is, the first wax is considered to have a function as a dispersion aid during the emulsification dispersion treatment of the aliphatic hydrocarbon wax, and further a function as a low-temperature fixing aid.
- the melting point Tmwl of the first wax is preferably 50 to 90 ° C
- the melting point Tmw2 of the second wax is preferably 80 to 120 ° C! /.
- the melting point Tmwl of the first wax is preferably 55 to 85 ° C, more preferably 60 to 85 ° C, and still more preferably 65 to 75 ° C. If it is less than 50 ° C, the storage stability of the toner at high temperatures tends to deteriorate. Also, the melting of the wax is accelerated, and the generated particles are likely to become coarse. When the temperature exceeds 90 ° C, the agglomeration property of the wax in the aqueous system at the time of core particle generation decreases, and free particles that do not aggregate in the aqueous system increase in power. Also, low temperature fixability and glossiness are difficult to improve.
- the melting point Tmw2 of the second wax is more preferably 85 to 100 ° C, and still more preferably 90 to: LOO ° C.
- the temperature is less than 80 ° C, the storage stability is deteriorated and the offset release property is weakened.
- the temperature exceeds 120 ° C the agglomeration property of the wax in the aqueous system at the time of core particle generation decreases, and free particles that do not aggregate in the aqueous system increase. In addition, low-temperature fixability and power transparency are hindered.
- the first wax and the second nitrogen are mixed and emulsified and dispersed to produce a co-dispersion.
- the first wax and the second wax are heated and emulsified and dispersed at a constant blending ratio in the emulsifying and dispersing apparatus.
- the inputs can be either separate or simultaneous, but the final dispersion preferably contains a mixture of the first wax and the second tuss.
- the wax becomes core particles.
- the problem of particles that are not trapped inside and floating, or the particle size distribution of core particles that are broad, cannot be solved.
- the problem that the core particles are coarsened due to secondary agglomeration during shelling cannot be sufficiently solved.
- the wax particle dispersion is prepared by mixing, emulsifying and dispersing the first wax and the second wax with a surfactant mainly composed of a nonionic surfactant.
- FT2 / ES1 is 0, where ES1 is the weight ratio of the first wax with respect to 100 parts by weight of the wax in the wax particle dispersion, and FT2 is the weight ratio of the second wax. 2-10 are preferred. More preferably, it is the range of 1-9. More preferably, it is the range of 1.5-9. If it is less than 0.2, the effect of high-temperature offset resistance cannot be obtained, and the storage stability deteriorates. If it exceeds 10, low-temperature fixing cannot be realized, and the particle size distribution of the aggregated particles tends to be broad. Furthermore, when the range is from 1.5 to 3, it is a well-balanced ratio that can achieve both low-temperature fixability, high-temperature storage stability and high-temperature fixability.
- the total amount of wax added is preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the binder resin component.
- the amount is preferably 8 to 25 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 20 parts by weight. If it is less than 5 parts by weight, the effects of low-temperature fixability and releasability will not be exhibited. If it exceeds 30 parts by weight, it will be difficult to control particles with a small particle size.
- the aqueous medium at least the first resin particle dispersion liquid in which the first resin particles are dispersed, the colorant particle dispersion liquid in which the colorant particles are dispersed, and the wax particle dispersion in which the wax is dispersed. Mix with liquid.
- the PH (hydrogen ion concentration) of the resin particle dispersion in which the first resin particles are dispersed is preferably 6.0 or less.
- heat treatment is performed for a certain time (preferably about 1 to 5 hours) at a certain temperature or more (preferably 80 ° C or more in order to sufficiently disperse the residue). Is preferred. Preferably it is 4 or less, more preferably 1.8 or less.
- a certain temperature or more preferably 80 ° C or more in order to sufficiently disperse the residue.
- it is 4 or less, more preferably 1.8 or less.
- a water-soluble inorganic salt is added to the mixed dispersion obtained by mixing the first resin particle dispersion, the colorant particle dispersion, and the wax particle dispersion, so that the glass transition point of Z Or the core particle
- the range is preferably 10 to 12, more preferably 10.5 to 12.
- the pH can be adjusted by adding 1N NaOH. When the pH is less than 9.5, the formed core particles tend to be coarse. On the other hand, if the pH exceeds 12.2, the free wax increases and it becomes difficult to encapsulate the wax uniformly.
- a water-soluble inorganic salt is added, and heat treatment is performed to obtain a predetermined volume average particle size (for example, 3 to 7 ⁇ m) core particles are formed.
- a predetermined volume average particle size for example, 3 to 7 ⁇ m
- the wax containing a small amount of wax is contained and narrow.
- Core particles having a particle size distribution can be formed.
- the amount of NaOH to be added, the type and amount of flocculant, the pH of the emulsion polymerization resin dispersion, the pH of the colorant dispersion, the pH of the wax dispersion, the heating temperature, and the time should be selected appropriately.
- the pH of the dispersion in which the core particles are formed is less than 7.0, the core particles tend to become coarse.
- the pH exceeds 9.5 the free wax tends to increase due to poor aggregation.
- the pH is also preferable to further adjust the pH to a range of 2.2 to 6.8 and heat-treat the core particles for a certain time (preferably 1 to 5 hours).
- a certain time preferably 1 to 5 hours.
- the main component of the surfactant used in preparing the resin particle dispersion is a nonionic surfactant
- the colorant dispersion It is preferable that the main component of the surfactant used in the non-ionic surfactant is a nonionic surfactant and the main component of the surfactant used in the wax dispersion is a nonionic surfactant. This eliminates the presence of suspended colorant particles and wax particles that are agglomerated in the aqueous system, and classifies small toner base particles having a small particle size and a uniform and sharp particle size distribution. It can be created with no need.
- the surfactant of the first resin particle dispersion in which the first resin particles are dispersed is preferably a mixed system of a nonionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant. It is preferable that the nonionic surfactant has 60% by weight or more based on the total amount of the surfactant. Preferably it is 60 to 95% by weight, more preferably 65 to 90% by weight. If it is less than 60% by weight, stable aggregated particles cannot be obtained. In addition, only nonionic surfactants, and more than 95% by weight, and the dispersion of the resin particles themselves are not stable.
- the surfactant used in the first resin dispersion is a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant, and the main component of the surfactant used in the colorant dispersion is nonionic. It is also preferable that only the surfactant is used and the main component of the surfactant used in the wax dispersion is only a nonionic surfactant.
- the surfactant used in the first resin dispersion is a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant, and the main component of the surfactant used in the colorant dispersion is nonionic. It is also preferable that the surfactant is a mixture of the surfactant and the ionic surfactant, and that the main component of the surfactant used in the wax dispersion is only the nonionic surfactant.
- the surfactant used in the colorant dispersion and the first resin dispersion is a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant, the nonionic surfactant is in the entire surfactant. And preferably 60% by weight or more. Preferably it is 60 to 95 weight%, More preferably, it is 65 to 90 weight%.
- the surfactant used in the second resin dispersion is a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant. Against Therefore, it is preferable to have 50% by weight or more. The amount is preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 60 to 95% by weight, still more preferably 65 to 90% by weight. This is to promote the adhesion of the second resin fine particles to the core particles. When the proportion of the ionic surfactant increases, the second fine resin particles adhere to the core particles, and the coarsening due to the secondary aggregation of the core particles progresses over time. The fat particles remain free in the aqueous system.
- the wax and resin fine particles have a large number of water molecules and are hydrated to the dispersed particles by the surfactant, so that the particles are difficult to stick to each other.
- the water molecules that are hydrated are taken away by the electrolyte, making it easier to stick.
- the particles stick together and grow into large particles.
- an ionic surfactant for example, a arion system for waving resin dispersion and a arion system for wax dispersion
- the agglomerated particles are hydrated by covering the resulting force electrolyte.
- the softening point and glass transition point of the second resin are higher than those used for the core particles (referred to as first resin particles).
- first resin particles used for the core particles
- the soft fusion point and glass transition point of the second resin particles are set higher than those of the first resin particles, so that the heat fusion property to the surface of the core particles is deteriorated and the fusion is performed.
- the surface layer is uneven or the surface layer is concave. Convex remains and may be difficult to smooth.
- the thermal fusion of the second resin particles to the core particle surface is made uniform. It can be carried out.
- the number average molecular weight (Mnl) is 0.30 to 150,000
- the weight average molecular weight (Mwl) is 10,000 to 60,000
- Z average molecular weight (Mzl) is 30,000 to 100,000
- ratio of weight average molecular weight (Mwl) to number average molecular weight (Mnl) MwlZMnl is 1.5 to 6
- the ratio MzlZMnl is preferably 3 to: L0.
- the number average molecular weight (Mnl) is from 30,000 to 120,000
- the weight average molecular weight (Mwl) force is from 10,000 to 50,000
- the Z average molecular weight (Mzl) is from 30,000 to 70,000
- Ratio of average molecular weight (Mwl) to number average molecular weight (Mnl) MwlZMnl is preferably 1.5 to 3.9
- ratio of Z average molecular weight (Mzl) to number average molecular weight (Mnl) MzlZMnl is preferably 3 to 8 .
- the number average molecular weight (Mnl) is 40,000 to 80,000
- the weight average molecular weight (Mwl) is 10,000 to 30,000
- the Z average molecular weight (Mzl) is 30,000 to 50,000, and weight.
- the ratio of average molecular weight (Mwl) to number average molecular weight (Mnl) Mwl ZMnl is preferably 1.5 to 3
- the ratio of Z average molecular weight (Mzl) to number average molecular weight (Mnl) is MzlZMnl.
- the melting point of the low melting point is first started in the temperature rising process, and the melting of the high melting point wax is started after the temperature rising.
- the melting of the resin gradually progresses as the temperature rises. Aggregation starts between the low-molecular weight resin particles that are started, and then the high-molecular weight resin particles that start melting after a delay, so the aggregation reaction proceeds slowly with increasing temperature.
- the particle size distribution of the agglomerated particles is likely to spread broadly, and the dispersibility of the wax is strongly influenced by the low molecular weight resin particles, so that the dispersibility of the wax in the agglomerated particles is unlikely to be uniform. .
- Mw is less than 10,000, or Mz is less than 30,000, aggregation tends to proceed and particles tend to become coarse. Offset resistance and storage stability at high temperatures are reduced.
- Mw exceeds 60,000 or Mz exceeds 100,000
- Mw / Mn exceeds 6 or Mz / Mn exceeds 10
- the particle size distribution of the aggregated particles is broad and the dispersibility of the wax in the aggregated particles is difficult to be uniform.
- the shape of the core particles is not stable, and the indefinite shape and surface smoothness are poor.
- MwZMn is less than 1.5 or MzZMn is less than 3, the productivity of the resin decreases.
- the first resin particles have a glass transition temperature of 45 to 60 ° C and a softening temperature of 90 to 140 ° C. More preferably, the glass transition point is 45 ° C to 55 ° C, the softening point is 90 ° C to 135 ° C, and still more preferably, the glass transition point is 45 ° C to 52 ° C, and the soft transition point is 90 °. C to 130 ° C is preferred.
- the glass transition point When the glass transition point is less than 45 ° C, the particle size distribution of the aggregated particles becomes broad and the particles become coarser. Storage stability at high temperatures is reduced. When the glass transition point exceeds 60 ° C, the low-temperature fixability deteriorates. When the softening point is less than 90 ° C, the particle size distribution of the agglomerated particles becomes broad and the particles become coarser. Glossiness fluctuation increases. When the softening point exceeds 140 ° C, the low-temperature fixability deteriorates. When aggregated particles are generated, the cohesiveness of the binder resin particles decreases, and suspended particles increase.
- Examples of water-soluble inorganic salts include alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
- the alkali metal include lithium, potassium, and sodium
- examples of the alkaline earth metal include magnesium, calcium, strontium, and sodium. Of these, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium are preferable.
- the counter ion (anion constituting the salt) of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal include a chloride ion, a bromide ion, an iodide ion, a carbonate ion, and a sulfate ion.
- Organic solvents that are infinitely soluble in water include methanol, ethanol, 1 propanol, 2 —Propanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, acetone and the like. Of these, alcohols having 3 or less carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, 1 propanol, and 2 propanol are preferred, and 2-propanol is particularly preferred! /.
- nonionic surfactants include higher alcohol ethylene oxide adducts, alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts, fatty acid ethylene oxide adducts, polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester ethylene oxide adducts, and fatty acid amide ethylene oxide adducts.
- Polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of fats and oils, polypropylene glycol ethylene oxide adducts, fatty acid esters of glycerol, fatty acid esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acid esters of sorbitol and sorbitan, sucrose And polyhydric alcohol type nonionic surfactants such as alkyl esters of other alcohols, fatty acid amides of alkanolamines, and the like.
- Polyethylene glycol-type nonionic surfactants such as higher alcohol ethylene oxide adducts and alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts can be particularly preferably used.
- Examples of the aqueous medium include water such as distilled water and ion-exchanged water, and alcohols. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the polar surfactant in the dispersant having the polarity cannot be generally defined and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- examples of the polar surfactant include sulfate ester salts and sulfonate salts.
- Surfactants such as phosphate ester and soap, and cationic surfactants such as amine salt type and quaternary ammonium salt type.
- surfactant examples include sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfate, sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate and the like.
- cationic surfactant examples include alkylbenzene dimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl ammonium chloride. Ride etc. are mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the toner is subjected to an arbitrary washing process, solid-liquid separation process, and drying process.
- Base particles can be obtained.
- this washing step it is preferable to sufficiently perform substitution washing with ion-exchanged water from the viewpoint of improving the chargeability.
- a known filtration method such as a suction filtration method or a pressure filtration method is preferably mentioned from the viewpoint of productivity that is not particularly limited.
- known drying methods such as a flash jet drying method, a fluidized drying method, and a vibration type fluidized drying method are preferably mentioned from the viewpoint of productivity that is not particularly limited.
- a fatty acid hydrocarbon wax such as a low molecular weight polypropylene wax, a low molecular weight polyethylene ribbon, a polypropylene polyethylene copolymer wax, a microcrystalline wax, a paraffin wax, or a Fisher to push wax can be suitably used.
- the second wax a wax obtained by reacting a long-chain alkyl alcohol with an unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a synthetic hydrocarbon wax is also preferably used.
- the long chain alkyl group preferably has an acid value of 10 to 80 mgKOHZg, preferably 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a wax obtained by reacting a long-chain alkylamine with an unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid or its anhydride and an unsaturated hydrocarbon wax, or a long-chain fluoroalkyl alcohol and an unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid can also be suitably used.
- the effects are thought to be an increase in release action by long-chain alkyl groups, an improved dispersibility with the resin by ester groups, and an improvement in durability and offset property by vinyl groups.
- the weight average molecular weight is 1000 to 600,000
- the Z average molecular weight is 1500 to 9000
- the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is 1. 1-3.8
- ratio of Z-average molecular weight to number-average molecular weight is 1.5 to 6.5
- the penetration at 25 ° C is preferably 4 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight is 1000 to 5000
- the Z average molecular weight is 1700 to 8000
- the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is 1.1 to 2.8
- Z The ratio of the average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is in the range of 1.5 to 4.5, 1 X 10 3 to IX 10 4 and has an acid value of 10 ⁇ 50mgKOHZg, melting point 85 ⁇ 100 ° C is more preferable, more preferably weight average molecular weight 1000 ⁇ 2500, Z average molecular weight 1900 ⁇ 3000, ratio of weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight (weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) Is 1.2 to 1.8, the ratio of Z-average molecular weight to number-average molecular weight (Z-average molecular weight / number-average
- Non-offset property and high glossiness in oilless fixing, high translucency of OHP can be expressed, and high temperature storage stability is not deteriorated. This is particularly effective in improving the separation of paper from the fixing roller and belt in images with three layers of color toner formed on thin paper.
- the melting point is less than 80 ° C, the storage stability of the toner is lowered and the high temperature offset property is deteriorated. If the melting point is higher than 120 ° C, the low-temperature fixability becomes weak and the color translucency is poor. It is possible to reduce the particle size of the produced particles when producing the emulsion dispersed particles.
- Alcohols include octanol (C H OH), dode force anol (C H OH), stearyl alcohol.
- Those having an alkyl chain with 4 to 30 carbon atoms can be used.
- amines N-methylhexylamine, noramine, stearylamine, nonadecylamine and the like can be preferably used.
- 1-methoxy- (perfluoro-2-methyl-1-propene), hexafluoroacetone, 3 perfluorooctyl-1,2 epoxypropane, etc. can be suitably used.
- the unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof one or more of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, citraconic acid, citraconic anhydride, etc. are used. it can. Of these, maleic acid and maleic anhydride are more preferable.
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon-based nitrogen ethylene, propylene, ⁇ -olefin and the like can be preferably used.
- Unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof is polymerized using alcohol or amine, and then this is synthesized in the presence of diculmi peroxide or tertiary butyl peroxyisopropyl monocarbonate. It can be obtained by adding to a wax.
- the first wax contains at least one ester comprising at least one of a higher alcohol having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and a higher fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms.
- fixing at a low temperature can be promoted.
- the second wax By using in combination with the second wax, it is possible to suppress the presence of particles that are not incorporated into the core particles and float, and to prevent the particle size distribution of the core particles from becoming broad. Furthermore, when the second resin particles are adhered and fused (shell formation), it is possible to suppress a phenomenon in which the core particles rapidly agglomerate and the particles become coarse.
- alcohol components in addition to monoalcohols such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl, glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol and multimers thereof, triols such as glycerin and multimers thereof, pentaerythritol, and the like are preferred.
- the alcohol component is a polyhydric alcohol
- the higher fatty acid may be a mono-substituted product or a poly-substituted product.
- higher alcohols having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and higher fatty acids having 16 to 24 carbon atoms such as stearyl stearate, palmityl palmitate, bearyl behenate, stearyl montanate, and the like are powerful esters.
- Esters of higher fatty acids having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and lower monoalcohols such as butyl stearate, isobutyl behenate, propyl montanate, 2-ethylhexyl oleate, etc., montanic acid monoethylene glycol ester, ethylene Glycol distearate, monostearic acid glyceride, monobehenic acid glyceride, trinolucmitic acid glyceride, pentaerythritol monobehenate, pentaerythritol dilinoleate, pentaerythritol trioleate, pentaerythritol tetrastearate, etc.
- esters consisting of acid and a polyhydric alcohol, Jechi Lenglycolanol monobehenate, diethylene glycol dibehenate, dipropylene glycol monostearate, distearic acid diglyceride, tetrastearic acid triglyceride, hexabehenic acid tetraglyceride, decastearic acid decaglyceride 16-24
- Preferred examples include esters composed of higher fatty acids and polyhydric alcohol multimers. These waxes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alcohol component and Z or acid component is less than 16, it will be difficult to perform the function as a dispersion aid. If it exceeds 24, the function as a low-temperature fixing aid will be difficult to exhibit.
- the wax particle dispersion is prepared by heating, melting, and dispersing the wax in an ion-exchanged water in an aqueous medium to which a surfactant is added.
- the preferred first wax preferably includes a wax having an iodine value of 25 or less and a saponification value of 30 to 300.
- a wax having an iodine value of 25 or less and a saponification value of 30 to 300 By using in combination with the second wax, it is possible to prevent the coarsening of the particle size and to produce toner base particles having a small particle size and a core particle force with a narrow particle size distribution.
- the iodine value is 18 or less
- the saponification value is 30 to 150
- the iodine value is 15 or less
- the saponification value is 50 to 130.
- the iodine value is greater than 25, suspended matter in the aqueous system increases, and core particles cannot be formed uniformly with the resin and colorant particles, resulting in coarse particles and a broad particle size distribution. . If the saponification value is less than 30, the presence of unsaponifiable matter and hydrocarbons increases, making it difficult to form uniform aggregated particles with a small particle size. It causes photoconductor filming and toner chargeability, resulting in deterioration of chargeability during continuous use. When it exceeds 300, suspended matter in the water system increases.
- the loss on heating of the wax at 220 ° C is preferably 8% by weight or less. If the loss on heating exceeds 8% by weight, the glass transition point of the toner is lowered, and the storage stability of the toner is impaired. It adversely affects the development characteristics and causes capri and photoconductor filming. The particle size distribution of the generated toner becomes broad.
- the number average molecular weight is 500-4500, the weight average molecular weight is 600-9000, the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight (weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is 1.01-7, Z average The ratio of molecular weight to number average molecular weight (Z average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is 1.02 to 9, more preferably, the number average molecular weight is 700 to 4000, the weight average molecular weight is 800 to 8000, the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight The ratio (weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is 1.01 to 6, and the ratio of Z average molecular weight to number average molecular weight (Z average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is 1.02 to 8.
- the number-average molecular weight is small tool weight average molecular weight than 100 is small or molecular weight maximum peak from 200 5 X 10 storage stability 2 comes to have a small range ⁇ this position than is bad I spoon.
- the toner filming of the toner tends to occur.
- the particle size distribution of the generated toner tends to be a trade.
- Number average molecular weight greater than 5000 and weight average molecular weight greater than 10000 Weight average Molecular weight to number average molecular weight ratio (weight average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) greater than 8 Z average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of the ratio (Z average molecular weight Z number average molecular weight) is large instrument also from 10 molecular weight maximum peak is in the range larger than the area of 1 X 10 4, the releasing action is weakened fixability, anti-offset The fixing function such as stability is deteriorated. Emulsion dispersion of wax It is possible to reduce the particle size of the generated particles when generating particles.
- the wax materials such as Meadowfoam oil derivative, carnauba wax derivative, jojoba oil derivative, wood wax, beeswax, ozokerite, carnauba wax, canderia wax, ceresin wax, rice wax are also preferred. In addition, these derivatives are also preferably used. One type or a combination of two or more types can be used.
- Meadowfoam oil fatty acids, metal salts of meadowfoam oil fatty acids, meadowfoam oil fatty acid esters, hydrogenated meadowfoam oil, and meadowfoam oil triesters can also be preferably used as the meadowfoam oil derivative.
- An emulsified dispersion having a small particle size and a uniform particle size distribution can be produced. This is a preferable material that is effective for oilless fixing, prolonging the developer life, and improving transferability. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Meadowfoam oil fatty acid esters include, for example, esters such as methyl, ethyl, butyl-glycerin, pentaerythritol, polypropylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, and in particular, meadow foam oil fatty acid pentaerythritol monoester, medoform. Oil fatty acid pentaerythritol triester, meadow foam oil fatty acid trimethylol propane ester, etc. are preferred. Good cold offset resistance as well as offset resistance at high temperatures.
- Hydrogenated Meadowfoam oil is obtained by hydrogenating Meadowfoam oil to make unsaturated bonds saturated bonds. Glossiness and translucency can be improved along with offset resistance.
- an esterification reaction product of a meadowfoam oil fatty acid and a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, or the like is converted into tolylene diisocyanate (TD 1), diphenol methane 4, 4, or-.
- TD 1 tolylene diisocyanate
- An isocyanate polymer of a meadow foam oil fatty acid polyhydric alcohol ester obtained by crosslinking with an isocyanate such as diisocyanate (MDI) can also be preferably used. It is possible to extend the life of a two-component developer with less scavenging on the carrier.
- Jojoba oil derivatives include jojoba oil fatty acid, metal salt of jojoba oil fatty acid, jojoba oil fatty acid ester, hydrogenated jojoba oil, jojoba oil triester, maleic acid derivative of epoxidized jojoba oil, and many jojoba oil fatty acids.
- An isocyanate polymer of a monohydric alcohol ester and a halogenated modified jojoba oil can also be preferably used.
- An emulsified dispersion having a uniform particle size distribution with a small particle size can be prepared. Easily mix and disperse rosin and wax. It is a preferred material that is effective in oil-less fixing, prolonging the developer life, and improving transferability. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- jojoba oil fatty acid esters include esters such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, glycerin, pentaerythritol, polypropylene glycol, and trimethylolpropane, and particularly jojoba oil fatty acid pentaerythritol monoester and jojoba oil fatty acid ventane. Erythritol triester, jojoba oil fatty acid trimethylolpropane ester, etc. are preferred. Good cold offset resistance as well as offset resistance at high temperatures.
- Hydrogenated jojoba oil is obtained by hydrogenating jojoba oil to make unsaturated bonds saturated bonds. Glossiness and translucency can be improved along with offset resistance.
- an esterification reaction product of jojoba oil fatty acid and a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin, pentaerythritol, and trimethylolpropane is converted into tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane 4, 4 ' Societyate (MDI)
- a two-component developer with less scavenging on the carrier can extend the life of the developer.
- Keny rating refers to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify sample lg.
- Iodine value is the amount of halogen absorbed when halogen is applied to a sample, converted to iodine and expressed in g relative to sample lOOg. This is the number of grams of iodine absorbed. The larger this value, the higher the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids in the sample.
- Add iodine and salt-mercury (II) alcohol solution or salt-iodine glacial acetic acid solution to the chloroform or tetrasalt-carbon solution of the sample. Titrate with sodium thiosulfate standard solution to calculate the amount of iodine absorbed.
- one or two materials of hydroxy stearic acid derivative, glycerin fatty acid ester, glycol fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester are also preferred. Use in combination with more than one type is also effective It is. Uniform emulsification-dispersed small particle size particles can be produced, and when used together with the first wax, coarsening of the particle size can be prevented, and toner base particles having a small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution can be generated. Even without applying oil, it is possible to realize offsetless prevention and oil-less fixing with low gloss and high glossiness and translucency.
- Derivatives of hydroxystearic acid include methyl 12-hydroxystearate, butyl 12-hydroxystearate, propylene glycol mono 12-hydroxy stearate, glycerin mono 12-hydroxy stearate, ethylene glycol mono 12-hydroxy stearate Etc. are suitable materials. It has the effect of preventing paper flaws and preventing filming in oilless fixing.
- Glycerin fatty acid esters include glycerin stearate, glycerin distearate, glycerin tristearate, glycerin monono-remitate, glycerin dino-noremitate, glycerin trino-remitate, glycerin behenate, glycerin dibehenate, glycerin tribenate, glycerin.
- Mono millistart, glycerin dimyristate, glycerin trimiristart and the like are suitable materials. It has the effect of reducing cold offset property at low temperatures and preventing transferability deterioration in oilless fixing.
- glycol fatty acid esters examples include propylene glycol fatty acid esters such as propylene glycol monopalmitate and propylene glycol monostearate, and ethylene glycolanol fatty acid esters such as ethylene glycol monostearate and ethylene glycol monomonopalmitate. It is a suitable material. Along with oil-less fixing, it improves slipping during development and prevents carrier vents.
- sorbitan fatty acid esters sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tripalmitate, and sorbitan tristearate are suitable materials. Furthermore, it is also possible to use one kind or a combination of two or more kinds of materials such as stearic acid ester of pentaerythritol and mixed esters of adipic acid and stearic acid or oleic acid. It has the effect of preventing paper wrinkling and filming prevention in oilless fixing.
- the wax particle dispersion is prepared by heating, melting, and dispersing the wax in ion-exchanged water in an aqueous medium to which a surfactant is added.
- 16% diameter in the volume particle size cumulative amount when smaller particle size side force is also obtained by integrating (PR16) Power ⁇ 20 ⁇ : LOOmn, 50 0/ 0 diameter (PR50) force 40 ⁇ 160 ⁇ , 84 0 / 0 diameter (PR84) force 260 ⁇ or less, PR84 / PR16 force S1.2 to 1.8.
- 150mn following particle force 65 vol 0/0 or more, and a particle exceeding 400Ita m is 10 vol% or less.
- 16% diameter (P scale 16) force S20 ⁇ 60mn in the volume particle size cumulative amount when smaller particle size side force is also obtained by integrating, 50 0/0 diameter (PR50) force 40 ⁇ 120Itapaiiota, 84 0 / 0 diameter (PR84) force 220 ⁇ or less, PR84 / PR16 force S1.2. 130mn following particle force 65 vol 0/0 or more, preferably the particles exceeding 3 OOnm is 10 vol% or less.
- the wax particle dispersion When the agglomerated particle dispersion, the colorant particle dispersion, and the wax particle dispersion are mixed and aggregated to form agglomerated particles, the wax is finely dispersed so that the wax is taken in between the agglomerated particles. This makes it easy to prevent the waxes from agglomerating with each other and enables uniform dispersion. It is possible to eliminate particles that are taken in by sallow particles and float in the water. Further, when the aggregated particles are heated in an aqueous system to obtain molten aggregated particles, the melted resin particles surround and include the melted wax particles based on the relationship of surface tension. It becomes easy to enclose the agent.
- PR16 force S200mnJ Redirecting a fence 50 0/0 diameter (PR50) force S300mnJ Redirecting a fence, larger than the large instrument PR84ZPR16 2.
- PR84 force 400Itapaiiota following the particles less than 65 vol% 200 nm
- the particle size exceeding 500 nm exceeds 10% by volume
- the wax is taken up between the cocoon particles, and the agglomeration of only the waxes tends to occur frequently.
- the molten aggregated particles are obtained by heating, the melted wax particles are in a form that includes the melted wax particles, and the wax is included in the slag. Further, when the resin is adhered and fused, the amount of the wax exposed and released on the surface of the toner base increases, filming on the photoconductor, increased scavenging on the carrier, and handling properties during development are reduced. Memory is likely to occur.
- the wax particles can be finely dispersed by emulsifying and dispersing by the action of a high shear force generated by a rotating body rotating at high speed.
- the particle size distribution of fine particles can be made narrower and sharper than a disperser such as a homogenizer. Further, even when left for a long time, the fine particles forming the dispersion do not re-aggregate, so that a stable dispersion state can be maintained, and the standing stability of the particle size distribution is improved.
- a molten liquid is prepared by heating at high pressure. Also, the wax is dissolved in an oily solvent. This solution is obtained by dispersing fine particles in water together with a surfactant and a polymer electrolyte using a disperser shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6, and then evaporating the oily solvent by heating or decompressing. .
- the particle size can be measured using a Horiba laser diffraction particle size measuring device (LA920), a Shimadzu laser diffraction particle size measuring device (SALD2100), or the like.
- Examples of the resin fine particles of the toner of the present embodiment include a thermoplastic binder resin.
- Specific examples include styrene, poly (chlorostyrene), (styrenes such as X-methylstyrene, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, etc.
- Acrylic monomers such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, Forces such as fumaric acid
- Single polymers such as unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid monomers having a loxyl group as a dissociating group, copolymers obtained by combining two or more of these monomers, or mixtures thereof are listed. I can make it.
- the liquid concentration of the resin particles in the resin particle dispersion is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 20 to 45% by weight.
- the molecular weights of the resin, wax and toner are values measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using several types of monodisperse polystyrene as standard samples.
- the instrument is Tosoh's HLC8120GPC series, the column is TSKgel superHM—H H4000 / H300 0 / H2000 (6. Omml. D. — 150mm X 3), eluent THF (tetrahydrofuran), flow rate 0.6 mLZmin, sample concentration 0.
- measurement Pretreatment involves dissolving the sample in THF and leaving it to stand for a while, then filtering it through a 0.45 m membrane filter and adding additives such as silica. The removed rosin component is measured.
- the measurement conditions are conditions in which the molecular weight distribution of the target sample is included in a range in which the logarithm of the molecular weight and the count number are linear in a calibration curve obtained with several types of monodisperse polystyrene standard samples.
- the wax obtained by the reaction with a long-chain alkyl alcohol, an unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid or its anhydride, and a synthetic hydrocarbon wax was measured by using the WAC, GPC-150C manufactured by WATERS, and the column by Shodex HT. — 806M (8. Omml. D. — 30cm X 2), eluent is o-dichlorobenzene, flow rate is 1. OmL / min, sample concentration is 0.3%, injection volume is 200 ju L, detector is RI The measurement temperature is 130 ° C, and the pretreatment for measurement is 0.5 ⁇ m after dissolving the sample in the solvent. It filtered with the metal sintered filter of m.
- the measurement conditions are conditions in which the molecular weight distribution of the target sample is included in a range in which the logarithm of the molecular weight and the count number are linear in a calibration curve obtained with several monodisperse polystyrene standard samples.
- the soft spot of the binder resin is measured by heating a sample of 1 cm 3 at a heating rate of 6 ° C / min with a constant-load extrusion type capillary rheometer flow tester (CFT500) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- CFT500 constant-load extrusion type capillary rheometer flow tester
- a load of about 9.8 X 10 5 N / m 2 is applied by the plunger and pushed out from a die with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 1 mm, and the temperature rise characteristic in relation to the piston stroke and temperature of this plunger From the relationship, the temperature at which the piston stroke starts to rise is the outflow start temperature (Tfb), and 1Z2 is calculated as the difference between the minimum value of the curve and the end point of the outflow. Melting temperature (softening point Ts).
- the glass transition point of the resin was raised to 100 ° C using a differential scanning calorimeter (Shimadzu DSC-50), left at that temperature for 3 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature at a temperature drop rate of 10 ° CZmin.
- a differential scanning calorimeter Shiadzu DSC-50
- the maximum line between the baseline extension below the glass transition point and the peak rising partial force peak peak Says the temperature of the intersection with the tangent indicating the slope.
- the melting point of the endothermic peak of DSC by DSC was raised to 200 ° C at 5 ° CZmin using a differential scanning calorimeter (Shimadzu DSC-50), and then rapidly cooled to 10 ° C for 5 minutes. After standing for 5 minutes, the temperature was raised at 5 ° C Zmin, and the endothermic (melting) peak was obtained. The amount of sample put into the cell was 10 mg ⁇ 2 mg.
- colorants used in this embodiment include carbon black, iron black, graphite, nigg mouth cin, metal complex of azo dye, CI pigment 'Yellow 1, 3, 74, 97, 98, etc.
- Particularly preferred is a CI pigment 'Yellow 93, 180, 185 Benz imidazolone pigment.
- CI Pigment Red 48, 49 1, 53: 1, 57, 57: 1, 81, 122, 5 etc.
- Red pigment CI solvent.
- Red dye CI Pignent Blue 15: 3 1 type or 2 types or more of blue dyes and pigments such as phthalocyanine and derivatives thereof are blended.
- the added amount is preferably 3 to 8 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- the median diameter of each particle is usually 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the median diameter exceeds 1 ⁇ m, the particle size distribution of the finally obtained toner for developing an electrostatic image is widened, or free particles are generated, which tends to deteriorate performance and reliability.
- the median diameter is within the above range, there are no disadvantages, and the uneven distribution between the toners is reduced, the dispersion in the toner is improved, and the performance and reliability fluctuations are reduced.
- the median diameter can be measured, for example, using a Horiba laser diffraction particle size measuring instrument (LA 920).
- inorganic fine powder is mixed and added as an external additive.
- external additives include silica, alumina, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesia, ferrite, magnetite and other metal oxide fine powders, barium titanate, calcium titanate, titanates such as strontium titanate, barium zirconate, A mixture of these is used, such as calcium zirconate and strontium zirconate.
- External additives are hydrophobized as necessary.
- silicone oil-based material to be treated as the external additive examples include dimethyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogen silicone oil, methyl phenyl silicone oil, epoxy-modified silicone oil, carboxyl-modified silicone oil, and alkyl-modified silicone.
- An external additive that is treated with at least one selected from the group of oil, fluorine-modified silicone oil, amino-modified silicone oil, and chloro-modified silicone oil is preferably used.
- SH200, SH510, SF230, SH203, BY16-823, BY16-855B manufactured by Toray Dow Cowing Silicone Co., Ltd. may be mentioned.
- a method of mixing external additives and materials such as silicone oil with a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a method of spraying silicone oil-based materials to the external additives, and a silicone oil-based material as a solvent There is a method of preparing by dissolving or dispersing, mixing with an external additive, and removing the solvent. It is preferable that 1 to 20 parts by weight of the silicone oil-based material is blended with respect to 100 parts by weight of the external additive.
- the silane coupling agent include dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, aryldimethylchlorosilane, and hexamethyldisilazane.
- the silane coupling agent treatment is a dry treatment in which the vaporized silane coupling agent is reacted with the external additive made into a cloud by stirring or the like, or a silane coupling agent in which the external additive is dispersed in a solvent is dropped. It is processed by a wet method or the like.
- the external additive having positive electrode chargeability is treated with aminosilane, amino-modified silicone oil, or epoxy-modified silicone oil.
- Hexamethyldisilazane dimethyldichlorosilane is also used to enhance hydrophobic treatment.
- silicone oil treatments are preferable.
- fatty acids it is also preferable to treat the surface of the external additive with one or more types (hereinafter referred to as fatty acids).
- Surface-treated silica or acid titanium fine powder is more preferable.
- fatty acids and fatty acid metal salts include strength prillic acid, strength purine acid, undecyl acid, and lauric acid.
- myristic acid parimitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, montanic acid, rataceric acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, sorbic acid, and linoleic acid.
- fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms are preferred.
- Examples of the metal constituting the fatty acid metal salt include aluminum, zinc, calcium, magnesium, lithium, sodium, lead, and sodium. Of these, aluminum, zinc, and sodium are preferable. Particularly preferred is aluminum distearate (Al (OH) (C H COO))
- Al (OH) (C H COO), etc.
- mono-fatty acid aluminum are preferred. Having an OH group prevents overcharge and suppresses transfer failure. In addition, it is considered that processability with external additives is improved during processing.
- aliphatic amide palmitic acid amide, palmitoleic acid amide, stearic acid amide
- Saturated or monovalent unsaturated aliphatic amides having 16 to 24 carbon atoms such as oleic acid amide, arachidic acid amide, eicosenoic acid amide, behenic acid amide, L force acid amide, ligrinoselic acid amide are preferably used. It is done.
- fatty acid esters include esters of higher alcohols having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and higher fatty acids having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, such as stearyl stearate, palmityl palmitate, bearyl behenate, stearyl montanate, and the like.
- Esters of higher fatty acids having 16 to 24 carbon atoms and lower monoalcohols such as butyl stearate, isobutyl behenate, propyl montanate and 2-ethyl oleate, fatty acid pentaerythritol monoester, fatty acid penta Erythritol triester, fatty acid trimethylolpropan ester and the like are preferably used.
- Materials such as hydroxystearic acid derivatives, polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters such as glycerin fatty acid ester, glycol fatty acid ester, and sorbitan fatty acid ester are preferably used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the surface treatment it is preferable to treat the surface of the external additive to be treated with a coupling agent and Z or silicone oil and then treat with a fatty acid or the like. This is because a uniform treatment is possible as compared with the case where the fatty acid of the hydrophilic silica is simply treated, and the toner has a high chargeability and the effect of improving the fluidity when added to the toner. The above effect can also be obtained by treating fatty acids together with a coupling agent and Z or silicone oil.
- a fatty acid or the like is dissolved in a hydrocarbon-based organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, hexane or the like, and an external additive such as silica, titanium oxide, or alumina is applied to a disperser and wet-mixed. It is produced by adhering to the surface of the external additive, subjecting it to a surface treatment, and then removing the solvent and performing a drying treatment.
- a hydrocarbon-based organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, hexane or the like
- an external additive such as silica, titanium oxide, or alumina
- the mixing ratio of the polysiloxane and the fatty acid or the like is preferably 1: 2 to 20: 1.
- the amount of fatty acid or the like is larger than the ratio force S1: 2
- the charge amount of the external additive becomes high, the image density is lowered, and charge-up is likely to occur in the two-component development.
- the amount of fatty acid or the like is less than 20: 1, the effect on transfer loss and reverse transferability decreases.
- the loss on ignition of the external additive whose surface is treated with fatty acid or the like is 1.5 to 25% by weight. Is preferred. More preferably, it is 5-25 weight%, More preferably, it is 8-20 weight%. 1. If the amount is less than 5% by weight, the function of the treating agent is not fully exhibited, and the effect of improving the chargeability and transferability does not appear. If it exceeds 25% by weight, untreated agent is present, which adversely affects developability and durability.
- the surface of the toner base particles produced according to the present invention is formed only with a resin, so that it is advantageous in terms of charge uniformity. This is because compatibility with the external additive to be used is important with respect to retention.
- the external additive having an average particle diameter of 6 nm to 20 nm is 0.5 to 2.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles, and the external additive having an average particle diameter of 20 nm to 200 nm is the toner base particles. It is also preferable to add at least 0.5 to 3.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight.
- the use of external additives with functional separation improves charge imparting and charge retention, and allows more margin for reverse transfer, dropout, and scattering during transfer.
- the average particle size is 6 ⁇ !
- the loss on ignition of the external additive at ⁇ 20 nm is 0.5 to 20% by weight, and the loss on ignition at an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm is 1.5 to 25% by weight. Ignition loss with an average particle size of 20nm to 200nm, and an average particle size of 6 ⁇ !
- the loss on ignition at an average particle size of 1 ⁇ 2 nm to 20 nm is less than 0.5% by weight, the transfer margin for reverse transfer and void is narrowed. If it exceeds 20% by weight, the surface treatment becomes uneven, resulting in uneven charging.
- the loss on ignition is 1.5 to 17% by weight, more preferably Is 4-10% by weight.
- the loss on ignition with an average particle size of 20 nm to 200 nm is less than 1.5% by weight, the transfer margin for reverse transfer and void is reduced. If it exceeds 25% by weight, the surface treatment becomes dull and uneven charging occurs.
- the ignition loss is preferably 2.5 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight.
- the average particle size is 6 ⁇ ! ⁇ 20nm, 0.5 ⁇ 20wt% of external loss of ignition loss is 0.5 ⁇ 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner base particles, average particle diameter is 20nm ⁇ 100nm, ignition loss is 1.
- An external additive of 5 to 25% by weight is 0.5 to 3.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner base particles, and the average particle size is ⁇ ! It is also preferable to externally add at least 0.5 to 2.5 parts by weight of an external additive having a loss on ignition of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles.
- This functionally separated external additive that specifies the average particle size and loss on ignition improves charge imparting and charge retention, reverse transfer during transfer, and improvement of voids, as well as removal of deposits on the carrier surface. An effect is obtained.
- the average particle size is 6 ⁇ ! It is also possible to externally add 0.2 to 1.5 parts by weight of an external additive having a positive charge property of ⁇ 200 nm and a loss on ignition of 0.5 to 25% by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the toner base particles. preferable.
- the effect of adding an external additive having a positive charging property can prevent the toner from being overcharged during long-term continuous use, thereby further extending the developer life. Furthermore, the effect of suppressing scattering during transfer due to overcharging can also be obtained. In addition, the spent on the carrier can be prevented. If the amount is less than 0.2 parts by weight, it is difficult to obtain the effect. 1. If the amount exceeds 5 parts by weight, fogging during development increases.
- the loss on ignition is preferably 1.5 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 19% by weight.
- Loss on drying (%) [Weight loss on drying (g) Z sample weight (g)] X 100
- Loss on ignition (%) [Loss on ignition (g) Z sample amount (g)] X 100
- toner base particles having a volume average particle diameter of 3 to 7 ⁇ m and a particle diameter of 2.52 to 4 ⁇ m in the number distribution of the toner base particles including a binder resin, a colorant, and a wax.
- the toner base particles containing toner base particles of 5% by volume or less and having a particle size of 4 to 6.06 m in the volume distribution is 46, and the particle size of 4 to 6.06 m in the number distribution is 46%.
- the number% of the toner base particles is 1 3 46, P46ZV46 force is in the range of 5 to 1.5, the coefficient of variation in volume average particle size is 10 to 25%, and the coefficient of variation of number particle size distribution S 10-28% is preferred.
- the toner base particles have a volume average particle size of 3 to 6.5 m, and the content of toner base particles having a particle size of 2.52 to 4111 in the number distribution is 20 to 75% by number, volume.
- Toner base particles having a particle size of 4 to 6.06 111 in the distribution are 35 to 75% by volume, and toner base particles having a particle size of 8 ⁇ m or more in the volume distribution are contained in 3% by volume or less.
- the P46ZV46 force is in the range of 5 to 1.3
- the coefficient of variation in volume average particle size is 10 to 20%
- the coefficient of variation in number particle size distribution is 10 to 23%.
- the toner base particles have a volume average particle size of 3 to 5 ⁇ m, and the toner base particles having a particle size of 2.52 to 4111 in the number distribution have a content of 40 to 75% by number and a volume. 4-6 in the distribution.
- 06 toner base particles having a particle size of mu m is 45 to 75 volume 0/0, the toner base particles having a particle size of more than 8 mu m in the volume distribution with more than 3%
- the P46ZV46 force is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 0.9, the coefficient of variation in volume average particle size is preferably 10 to 15%, and the coefficient of variation in number particle size distribution is preferably 10 to 18%.
- the fine powder in the toner affects the fluidity of the toner, image quality, storage stability, filming on the photoconductor, developing roller and transfer body, aging characteristics, transferability, and in particular, multi-layer transfer in the tandem system. Furthermore, non-oilless fixing Affects offset, gloss and translucency. In toners that contain wax such as wax to achieve oil-less fixing, the amount of fine powder affects the balance with tandem transferability.
- volume average particle size exceeds 7 ⁇ m, it is impossible to achieve both image quality and transfer.
- volume average particle size is less than 3 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to handle the toner particles during development.
- toner base particles having a particle size of 2.54 to 4 m in the number distribution is less than 10% by number, both image quality and transfer cannot be achieved. When it exceeds 75% by number, it becomes difficult to handle the toner base particles during development. In addition, filming on the photosensitive member, developing roller, and transfer member is likely to occur. Furthermore, fine powder tends to be offset by offsetting due to its high adhesion to the heat roller. In the tandem system, toner aggregation tends to be strong, and transfer failure of the second color tends to occur during multi-layer transfer. An appropriate range is required.
- the toner base particles having a particle size of 4 to 6.06 m in the volume distribution exceed 75% by volume, it is impossible to achieve both image quality and transfer. When it is less than 25% by volume, the image quality is deteriorated. If the toner base particles having a particle size of 8 ⁇ m or more in the volume distribution exceeds 5% by volume, the image quality deteriorates. Causes transfer failure. When P46ZV46 is less than 0.5, the amount of fine powder present becomes excessive, resulting in poor fluidity, poor transferability, and poor ground strength. 1. When it exceeds 5, many large particles exist and the particle size distribution becomes broad, and high image quality cannot be achieved.
- P46ZV46 can be used as an index for making the toner particles small and narrowing the particle size distribution.
- the coefficient of variation is obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the toner particle diameter by the average particle diameter. This is based on the particle diameter measured using a Coulter Counter (Coulter).
- the standard deviation is expressed as the square root of the value obtained by dividing the square of the difference from the average value of each measured value by dividing (n-1) when measuring n particle systems.
- the coefficient of variation represents the extent of the particle size distribution. If the coefficient of variation of the volume particle size distribution is less than 10% or the coefficient of variation of the number particle size distribution is less than 10%, it is difficult to produce. This is difficult and causes cost increase. If the coefficient of variation of volume particle size distribution is greater than 25% or the coefficient of variation of number particle size distribution is greater than 28%, the particle size distribution becomes broad and the toner The cohesiveness of the toner becomes stronger, and filming to the photoconductor, transfer failure, and recovery of residual toner in a cleaner-less process become difficult.
- the particle size distribution is measured using a Coulter Counter TA-II (Coulter Counter Co., Ltd.), connected to an interface (manufactured by Nikkiki) that outputs the number distribution and volume distribution, and a personal computer.
- Electrolytic solution with a surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate
- Electrolytic solution with a surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate
- the electrolytic solution in which the sample is suspended is dispersed for about 3 minutes with an ultrasonic disperser.
- a 70 ⁇ m aperture was used with Coulter Counter TA-II.
- the particle size distribution measurement range is 1.26 m to 50.8 m.
- the force of less than 2.0 m has low measurement accuracy and measurement reproducibility due to external noise and other factors. Because, it is not practical. Therefore, the measurement area was set to 2.0 ⁇ m to 50.8 ⁇ m.
- the degree of compression is calculated from the static bulk density and the dynamic bulk density, and is one of the indicators of toner fluidity. Toner fluidity is affected by the toner particle size distribution, toner particle shape, external additives, and the type and amount of wax. If the toner particle size distribution is narrow and the amount of fine powder is small, the toner surface is uneven and the shape is close to a sphere, the amount of external additive added is large, or the particle size of the external additive is small, the degree of compression will be It becomes smaller and the fluidity of the toner becomes higher.
- the degree of compression is preferably 5 to 40%. More preferably, it is 10 to 30%. It is possible to achieve both oilless fixing and tandem multi-layer transfer.
- a carrier containing magnetic particles whose core material surface is coated with a fluorine-modified silicone resin containing an aminosilane coupling agent is preferably used.
- a composite magnetic particle having at least magnetic particles and a binder resin, and the surface of the magnetic particle is coated with a resin made of a fluorine-modified silicone resin containing an aminosilane coupling agent.
- the carrier is more preferably used.
- the binder resin constituting the magnetic particles is preferably a thermosetting resin.
- Thermosetting resin includes phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyamide resin, melamine resin, There are urea resin, unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, xylene resin, acetoguanamine resin, furan resin, silicone resin, polyimide resin, and urethane resin. These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. May be mixed, but preferably contains at least phenol resin.
- the composite particles in the present invention are spherical particles having an average particle diameter of preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 40 m, still more preferably 10 to 30 m, and most preferably 15 to 30 m. Preferably there is. Further, the specific gravity is 2.5 to 4.5, particularly 2.5 to 4.0, and the BET specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption of the carrier is preferably 0.03 to 0.3 m 2 Zg. When the average particle size of the carrier is less than 10 m, the abundance of fine particles increases in the carrier particle distribution, and the carrier particles have a low magnetic field per carrier particle, so that the carrier is easily developed on the photoreceptor. Become.
- the average particle of the carrier exceeds 50 m, the specific surface area force of the carrier particle becomes small and the toner holding power becomes weak, so that toner scattering occurs.
- the full color with many solid parts is not preferable because the solid part is particularly difficult to reproduce.
- a conventional carrier having a ferrite-based core particle has a large specific gravity of 5 to 6 and a large particle diameter of 50 to 80 / ⁇ ⁇ , and therefore has a small BET specific surface area.
- the charge build-up property when the toner was replenished was insufficient and a large amount of toner was consumed, and when a large amount of toner was replenished, there was a tendency that a large amount of capri was generated.
- the density ratio between the toner and the carrier is controlled within a narrow range, it is difficult to achieve both the image density, the fog, and the toner scattering reduction.
- By using a carrier having a large specific surface area it is possible to roughly control the toner concentration, which hardly deteriorates the image quality even if the density ratio between the toner and the carrier is controlled in a wide range.
- the toner described above has a shape close to a sphere, and the specific surface area value is also close to the carrier. Therefore, the mixing property with the toner can be more uniformly mixed.
- the image density, capri, and toner scattering have good charge rise characteristics, and even if the density ratio between toner and carrier is controlled in a wider range, image quality is unlikely to deteriorate. Both reductions can be achieved.
- the specific surface area value of the toner is TS (mVg), and the specific surface area value of the carrier is CS (mVg).
- TSZCS satisfies the relationship of 2 to 110, so that the stability of image quality can be improved.
- it is 2-50, More preferably, it is 2-30. If it is less than 2, carrier adhesion tends to occur.
- the density ratio of toner and carrier for reducing image density, capri, and toner scattering is reduced, and image quality is likely to deteriorate.
- the conventional carrier having ferrite-based core particles has a small specific surface area, and the conventional pulverized toner has an irregular shape and a large specific surface area.
- the composite magnetic particles are obtained by reacting and curing phenols and aldehydes in the presence of magnetic particles and a basic catalyst while stirring phenols and aldehydes in an aqueous medium. It can be produced by a method of producing magnetic particles containing magnetic particles and phenolic resin.
- the average particle size of the obtained composite magnetic particles can be controlled by adjusting the peripheral speed of the stirring blade of the stirring device so that appropriate cutting and compaction are applied depending on the amount of water used. It is.
- the production of composite particles using epoxy resin as binder resin includes, for example, dispersing bisphenols and epino, rhohydrin and lipophilic inorganic compound particle powder in an aqueous medium, The method of making it react in an alkaline aqueous medium is mentioned.
- the content ratios of the magnetic fine particles of the composite magnetic particles and the binder resin in the present invention are preferably 1 to 20% by weight of Noinda resin and 80 to 99% by weight of magnetic particles.
- the content of the magnetic particles is less than 80% by weight, the saturation magnetic force is reduced, and when the content is more than 99% by weight, the binding between the magnetic particles due to the phenol resin is weakened.
- Cheap Considering the strength of the composite magnetic particles, it is preferably 97% by weight or less.
- magnétique fine particles examples include spinel ferrite such as magnetite and gamma acid pig iron, and spinel ferrite and barium containing one or more metals other than iron (Mn, Ni, Zn, Mg, Cu, etc.).
- Magnetoplannoite type ferrite such as ferrite, and iron or alloy fine particle powder having an oxide layer on the surface can be used.
- the shape may be any of granular, spherical and acicular.
- ferromagnetic fine particle powder such as iron can be used.
- spine containing magnetite and gamma iron oxide is used.
- ferromagnetic fine particle powder of magnetoplumbite type ferrite such as ruferrite or barium ferrite.
- the magnetization strength is 30 to 70 Am 2 Zkg, preferably 35 to 60 Am 2 Zkg
- the remanent magnetization ( ⁇ r) is 0.1 to 20A m 2 / kg, preferably 0.1 ⁇ : L0Am 2 / kg
- specific resistance value is 1 X 10 6 to 1 X 10 14 Q cm, preferably 5 X 10 6 to 5 X 10 13 ⁇ cm, More preferably, it is 5 ⁇ 10 6 to 5 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ cm.
- phenols and aldehydes are reacted in an aqueous medium in the presence of a basic catalyst in the presence of magnetic particles and a suspension stabilizer.
- the phenols used here include, in addition to phenol, m-cresol, p-tert-butylphenol, o-propylphenol, resorcinol, alkylphenols such as bisphenol A, and the benzene nucleus or alkyl group.
- phenol is most preferred.
- phenol is most preferable. if shape is taken into account, phenol is most preferable. .
- the aldehydes used in the method for producing composite particles in the present invention are particularly preferably formaldehyde, which includes formaldehyde and furfural in the form of either formalin or paraformaldehyde.
- fluorine-modified silicone resin is essential.
- a crosslinkable fluorine-modified silicone resin obtained by reacting a perfluoroalkyl group-containing organosilicon compound with polyorganosiloxane is preferred.
- the compounding ratio of polyorganosiloxane and perfluoroalkyl group-containing organic key compound is 3 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less of perfluoroalkyl group-containing organic key compound with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyorganosiloxane. There is Is preferred.
- the adhesion of composite magnetic particles in which magnetic particles are dispersed in a curable resin is strengthened, and the effect of improving durability is exhibited along with the chargeability described later.
- the polyorganosiloxane preferably exhibits at least one repeating unit selected from the following formulas (ii) and (Formula 2).
- R 3, R 4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M represents an average degree of polymerization, and represents positive ⁇ : preferably in the range of 2 to 500, more preferably in the range of 5 to 200.
- R 1 and R 2 are fl * elementary atom, halogen atom, hydroxy group, methoxy group, alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl group, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6, respectively.
- n is an average degree of polymerization, and is positive ⁇ (Iff is preferably in the range of 2 to 500, more preferably 5 to 20.00. Range).
- an aminosilane coupling agent is contained in the coated resin layer.
- this aminosilane coupling agent known ones can be used. For example, ⁇ - (2-amino Ethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-aminoethyl) aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane, octadecylmethyl [3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (Uechi et al.
- SH6020, SZ6023 , AY43-021 Powers such as Toray Dawko-Nungsilikon Co., Ltd.), KBM602, KBM603, KBE903, KBM573 (trade names of Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- a secondary or tertiary amine substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenol group, or the like has little effect on the charge rising force with a toner having a weak polarity.
- the amino group is an aminomethyl group, an aminoethyl group, or an aminophenol group
- the leading edge of the silane coupling agent is the primary amine, but the amino group in the linear organic group that extends the silane power.
- the group does not contribute to the charge start-up characteristics with the toner, and conversely it is affected by moisture at high humidity, so it has the ability to impart charge to the initial toner due to the state-of-the-art amino group.
- the granting ability is reduced, and eventually the life is shortened.
- the aminosilane coupling agent exhibits an effect like a cross-linking agent, improves the degree of cross-linking of the fluorine-modified silicone resin layer, which is the base resin, further improves the coating resin hardness, and wears and peels off after long-term use. Etc. can be reduced, the resistance to scavenging can be improved, the decrease in charging ability can be suppressed, the charging stability can be improved, and the durability can be improved.
- the surface of the toner to which a certain amount or more of the low melting point wax is added is substantially only a resin, so that the chargeability is somewhat unstable.
- the charging property is weak and the charging rise property is slow, the uniformity of the capri and the whole solid image is lowered, and the power that the character skips and the void is easily generated at the time of transfer.
- the use ratio of the aminosilane coupling agent is 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, based on the fat. If it is less than 5% by weight, the effect of the aminosilane coupling agent If it exceeds 40% by weight, the degree of cross-linking of the resin coating layer becomes too high, and it tends to cause a charge-up phenomenon, which may cause image defects such as insufficient developability.
- the resin coating layer may contain conductive fine particles.
- Conductive fine particles include oil furnace carbon and carbon black of acetylene black, semiconductive oxides such as titanium oxide and zinc oxide, powder surfaces of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, aluminum borate, potassium titanate, etc. And tin oxide coated with carbon black, metal, etc., with a specific resistance of 10 1 (> ⁇ 'cm or less is preferred. When conductive fine particles are used, the content is 1 to 15 wt.
- the filler effect increases the hardness of the resin coating layer, but if it exceeds 15% by weight, conversely This hinders the formation of the resin coating layer and causes a decrease in adhesion and hardness. Further, the excessive content of conductive fine particles in the full color developer was transferred and fixed on the paper surface. Cause of color contamination of Na.
- an immersion method in which powder that is a composite magnetic particle is immersed in a solution for forming a coating layer, a spray method in which a solution for forming a film layer is sprayed on the surface of the composite magnetic particle, and the composite magnetic particle is floated by flowing air
- the fluidized bed method in which the coating layer forming solution is sprayed in a state of being applied, the composite magnetic particles and the coating layer forming solution are mixed in a kneader coater, and the solvent is removed-in addition to the wet coating method such as the one-der coater method
- Examples include dry coating methods in which powder resin and composite magnetic particles are mixed at high speed and the frictional heat is used to fuse and coat the resin powder onto the surface of the composite magnetic particles.
- the wet coating method is particularly preferably used for coating the fluorine-modified silicone resin containing the aminosilane coupling agent in the present invention.
- the solvent used in the coating layer forming coating solution is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the coated resin, and can be selected so as to be compatible with the used coated resin.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane can be used.
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane can be used.
- the coating amount of the resin is less than 0.2% by weight, it is impossible to form a uniform coating on the surface of the composite magnetic particle, which is greatly influenced by the characteristics of the composite magnetic particle!
- the effects of the modified silicone resin and aminosilane coupling agent cannot be fully exhibited. 6. If the content exceeds 0 wt%, the coating layer becomes too thick and granulation of the composite magnetic particles occurs, and uniform composite magnetic particles cannot be obtained!
- a baking treatment As a means for performing the baking treatment, there is no particular limitation on an external heating method or an internal heating method, for example, a stationary or fluidized electric furnace, a rotary kiln electric furnace, a Pana-furnace or a microwave. Baking by may be used. However, with regard to the temperature of the baking treatment, in order to efficiently express the effect of the fluorine-modified silicone that improves the spent resistance of the resin coating layer, it is necessary to perform the treatment at a high temperature of 200 to 350 ° C. More preferably, it is 220 to 280 ° C. The treatment time is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 hours. When the treatment temperature is low, the hardness of the coating resin itself is lowered. If the processing temperature is too high, charge reduction will occur.
- this embodiment has a plurality of toner image forming stations including a photosensitive member, a charging unit, and a toner carrier, and visualizes an electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier.
- a primary transfer process in which an endless transfer member is brought into contact with the image bearing member and transferred to the transfer member is sequentially executed in order to form a multilayer transfer toner image on the transfer member.
- the transfer process configured to execute a secondary transfer process in which the multilayer toner images formed on the transfer body are collectively transferred to a transfer medium such as paper or OHP
- the first primary Transfer position force When the distance to the second primary transfer position is dl (mm) and the peripheral speed of the photoreceptor ⁇ v (mmZs), the transfer position is dl / v ⁇ 0.65.
- This is intended to achieve both downsizing and printing speed.
- a small size that can process 20 sheets (A4) or more per minute and the machine can be used for SOHO applications In order to achieve this, it is essential to shorten the distance between the plurality of toner image forming stations and increase the process speed. In order to achieve both the miniaturization and the printing speed, the minimum value is 0.65 or less.
- the toner of a specific particle size is selectively developed during repeated use, and if the flowability of each toner particle is significantly different, the chance of tribocharging is different, resulting in variations in charge amount and more transferability. It will cause deterioration.
- the toner or the two-component developer of the present embodiment the charge distribution is stabilized, the toner is prevented from being overcharged, and the fluidity fluctuation can be suppressed. For this reason, it is possible to prevent a decrease in transfer efficiency without sacrificing the fixing characteristics, a dropout of characters during transfer, and a reverse copy.
- oil is not used as a means for fixing toner, and it is preferably used for an electrophotographic apparatus having a fixing process having an oil-less fixing configuration.
- the heating means electromagnetic induction heating is preferred from the viewpoint of shortening the warm-up time and saving energy.
- a transfer medium such as a copy paper having a toner transferred between the rotary heating member and the rotary pressure member is passed and fixed by using a heating and pressing means. Its feature is that the warm-up time of the rotary heating member is much faster than when using a conventional halogen lamp. For this reason, the temperature of the rotary pressure member has risen to a sufficient level! Is required.
- a configuration using a fixing belt in which a heating member and a fixing member are separated is preferably used.
- a heat resistant belt such as a nickel electric belt or a polyimide belt having heat resistance and deformability is preferably used.
- silicone rubber, fluororubber or fluorocarbon resin it is preferable to use silicone rubber, fluororubber or fluorocarbon resin as the surface layer.
- the toner With the toner having releasability without using oil, it is no longer necessary to apply release oil. However, if the release oil is not applied, the toner may jump due to the effect of charging when the toner image is immediately charged and the unfixed toner image comes close to the heating member or the fixing member. It tends to occur especially at low temperatures and low humidity.
- the toner of this embodiment low-temperature fixing and a wide range of offset resistance can be realized without using oil, and high color translucency can be obtained. Further, the toner can be prevented from being overcharged, and toner flying due to the charging action with the heating member or the fixing member can be suppressed.
- the core material d has an average particle size of 50 ⁇ m and an applied magnetic field of 238.74 kA / m (300
- Ferrite particles with a saturation magnetization of 65 Am 2 Zkg at 0 ells were used.
- R force methyl group represented by the following formula (Chemical Formula 3), that is, (CH 3) SiO unit is 1
- R acetyl group represented by the following formula (Chemical Formula 4), that is, CH SiO unit is 84.
- Fluorine-modified silicone resin was obtained. Further, 100 g of the fluorine-modified silicone resin and 10 g of aminosilane coupling agent (y-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) in terms of solid content were weighed and dissolved in 300 cc of toluene solvent.
- aminosilane coupling agent y-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are methyl groups, m is the average degree of polymerization and is 100.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are methyl groups, and n is the average degree of polymerization, which is 80.
- the carrier core material AlOkg was coated using an immersion drying type coating apparatus by stirring the coated resin solution for 20 minutes. After that, baking was performed at 260 ° C for 1 hour to obtain carrier A1.
- Carrier A1 is a spherical particle with a spherical magnetite particle content of 80.4% by mass, an average particle diameter of 30 m, a specific gravity of 3.05, a magnetization value of 61 Am 2 / kg, and a volume specific resistance. 3 10 90 «11, specific surface area was 0.098 m 2 / g.
- carrier core material B is used, and CF CH CH Si (OCH) is changed to C F CH
- Carrier B1 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that it was changed to CH 2 Si (OCH 3).
- Carrier B1 is a spherical particle with a spherical magnetite particle content of 88.4% by mass, an average particle diameter of 45 ⁇ m, a specific gravity of 3.56, a magnetization value of 65 Am 2 Zkg, and a volume specific resistance. 8 10 1 ° 0 «! 1, specific surface area was 0.057 m 2 / g.
- Carrier C1 is a spherical particle with a spherical magnetite particle content of 92.5% by mass, an average particle diameter of 48 ⁇ m, a specific gravity of 3.98, a magnetization value of 69 Am 2 Zkg, volume
- the specific resistance was 2 10 7 0 «11 and the specific surface area was 0.043 m 2 / g.
- Carrier A2 was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that the amount of aminosilane coupling agent added in Production Example 1 was changed to 30 g.
- Carrier A2 is a spherical particle with a spherical magnetite particle content of 80.4% by mass, an average particle size of 30 m, a specific gravity of 3.05, and a magnetization value of 61 Am 2 / kg, volume.
- the specific resistance was 2 ⁇ 10 1Q Q cm and the specific surface area was 0.01 m 2 / g.
- a core material was produced and coated in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the amount of aminosilane coupling agent added was changed to 50 g, and carrier al was obtained.
- Table 1 shows a resin particle dispersion according to the present invention prepared as a preparation example of a resin particle dispersion.
- the properties of the binder resin obtained in (RL1, RL2, RH1, RH2, RH3) and the comparative resin particle dispersion (rhl, rh2) are shown.
- Mn is the number average molecular weight
- Mw is the weight average molecular weight
- Mz is the Z average molecular weight
- MwZMn is the ratio of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) MwZMn
- Mz / Mn is the ratio of the Z average molecular weight (Mz) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) MzZMn
- Mp is the peak molecular weight.
- Tg is the glass transition point and Ts is the softening point.
- Table 2 shows the amount of surfactant (g) and char-on used for each of the resin particle dispersions.
- a monomer solution consisting of 240. lg of styrene, 59.9 g of n-butyl acrylate and 4.5 g of acrylic acid was added to 440 g of ion-exchanged water with a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: NO- (Pole 400) 7.5g, a ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20-F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 22.5g, dispersed with 6g dodecanethiol, and potassium persulfate 4. 5g was added and emulsion polymerization was performed at 75 ° C for 4 hours.
- a nonionic surfactant manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: NO- (Pole 400) 7.5g
- a ionic surfactant Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20-
- a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) was added to a monomer liquid consisting of 230. lg of styrene, 69.9 g of n-butinorea tallylate, and 4.5 g of attalinoleic acid in 440 g of ion-exchanged water.
- Nopole 400 7.5 g, ionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd .: S20-F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 22.5 g, dispersed using 6 g of dodecanethiol, 4.5 g of potassium sulfate was added and emulsion polymerization was performed at 75 ° C. for 4 hours. After that, it was further aged at 90 ° C for 5 hours, Mn force ⁇ 7500, Mw force ⁇ 17600, Mz force ⁇ 30100, Mp force ⁇ 18500, soft soot temperature force ⁇ 106 o C, glass transition temperature 47 ° C.
- a resin particle dispersion RL2 in which binder resin particles having a median diameter of 0.18 m were dispersed was prepared.
- a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to a monomer liquid consisting of 230. lg of styrene, 69.9 g of n-butinorea tallylate and 4.5 g of attalinoleic acid in 440 g of ion-exchanged water. Nopole 400) 7.5 g, a cationic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20—F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 22.5 g, dodecanethiol 0.75 g was used and dispersed.
- a monomer solution consisting of 240. lg of styrene, 59.9 g of n-butyl acrylate and 4.5 g of acrylic acid was added to 440 g of ion-exchanged water in a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Pol 400) 9g, Charon surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd .: S20-F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 15g, dodecanethiol 0.75g dispersed in potassium persulfate 1 Emulsion polymerization was carried out at 75 ° C for 4 hours with 5 g of calories.
- a nonionic surfactant manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Pol 400
- Charon surfactant manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd .: S20-F, 20% strength aqueous solution
- a monomer solution consisting of 255 g of styrene, 45 g of n-butyl acrylate and 4.5 g of acrylic acid is added to 440 g of ion-exchanged water in a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400) 9 Disperse 6 g, AE-on surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20—F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 12 g, dodecanethiol 0.5 g, and add potassium persulfate 1.5 g to this.
- the emulsion polymerization was carried out at 80 ° C for 5 hours.
- a rosin particle dispersion RH3 was prepared in which the rosin particles were dispersed.
- a monomer solution consisting of 176 g of styrene, 64 g of n-butyl acrylate and 3.6 g of acrylic acid is added to 350 g of ion-exchanged water in a nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400) 2 Disperse using 4 g, ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20—F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 36 g, 6 g dodecanethiol, and add 1.2 g potassium persulfate to this, Emulsion polymerization at 70 ° C for 5 hours, followed by aging treatment at 80 ° C for 2 hours, Mn 4800, Mw force 48900, Mz force 292000, Mp force 23300, Tg force S58 0 C, Tm force SL35 Q C, middle position diameter ⁇ particles 0. 16 mu m to prepare a ⁇ particle dispersion
- Monomer consisting of 272 g of styrene, 28 g of n-butyl acrylate and 4.5 g of acrylic acid
- 4.5 g of nonionic surfactant manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400
- ionic surfactant manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20-F
- 20% aqueous solution 37.5 g
- dodecanethiol Og were dispersed, 1.5 g of potassium persulfate was added thereto, and emulsion polymerization was carried out at 85 ° C. for 4 hours.
- a rosin particle dispersion rh2 was prepared in which the rosin particles were dispersed.
- Table 3 shows the pigments used in the colorant particle dispersions (PM1, PC1, PY1, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2) prepared as examples for preparing the colorant particle dispersions and the colorant particle dispersions (pm3, pm4) for comparison. Indicates.
- Table 4 shows the surfactant amount used in the colorant particle dispersion (g), cation amount (g), and the ratio of nonionic amount to the total amount of surfactant (wt%).
- magenta pigment (PERMANENT RUBINE F6B manufactured by Clariant), 2g of non-ionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd .: Elminol NA400), and 78g of ion-exchanged water, and use an ultrasonic disperser at an oscillation frequency of 30kHz. The median diameter is 0.12 after a minute of dispersion.
- a colorant particle dispersion PM1 in which m colorant particles are dispersed was prepared.
- Magenta pigment 20g (Clariant PERMANENT RUBINE F6B), non-ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Norpol 400) 1.5g, ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20— F, 20% concentration aqueous solution) 6 g and ion-exchanged water 78 g are mixed and dispersed with an ultrasonic disperser for 20 minutes at an oscillation frequency of 30 kHz to disperse the colorant particles having a median diameter of 0.12 / zm.
- a colorant particle dispersion PM2 was prepared.
- Magenta pigment 20g (Clariant PERMANENT RUBINE F6B), non-ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Nopol 400) 1.2g, ionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd .: S20— F, 20% strength aqueous solution) 7 g and ion-exchanged water 78 g are mixed and dispersed with an ultrasonic disperser at an oscillation frequency of 30 kHz for 20 minutes to disperse the colorant particles having a median diameter of 0.12 / zm. A colorant particle dispersion pm3 was prepared. [0294] (2-7) Preparation of colorant particle dispersion pm4
- Tables 5, 6 and 7 show the wax particle dispersions (WA 1, WA2, WA3, WA4, WA5, WA6, WA7, WA8, WA9, WA10) according to the present invention formed as examples of the preparation of the fine particle dispersion. ) And preparation of wax particle dispersions (wal l, wal2, wal3, wal4, wal5) for comparison [koo! /, And the wax materials used by each (W-1, W-2, W-3) , W-4, W-5, W-6, W-7, W-8, W-9, W-10, W-11, W-12, W-13) and their characteristics.
- Table 8 shows the composition of each wax component and the prepared wax particle dispersions (WA1 to WA10) according to the present invention and the wax particle dispersions (wal 1 to wal5) for comparison.
- the particle characteristics obtained in the wax particle dispersion are shown.
- First wax” and “second wax” indicate the wax material charged in the wax particle dispersion, and the value in parentheses at the end of the symbol indicating the wax indicates the blending composition amount (ratio) of the wax. ) Is displayed.
- “PR16” is the particle size at the 16% point when integrated from the small particle size side in the particle size distribution of the wax particles in the wax particle dispersion based on the volume standard. The 50% diameter is the same, and “PR84” is the 84% diameter.
- PR84ZPR16 represents the ratio PR86ZPR16 of 84% diameter (PR84) and 16% diameter (PR16).
- Table 9 shows the ratio of the nonionic amount (g) to the surfactant amount used in the wax dispersion and the ratio of the nonionic amount to the total surfactant amount.
- each wax particle dispersion is as follows.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the stirring and dispersing device
- Fig. 4 shows a view of the upper force.
- 801 is an outer tank, and cooling water is injected into the inside from 808 and discharged from 807.
- 802 is a dam plate that stops the liquid to be treated, and a hole is formed in the center.
- 803 is a rotating body that rotates at a high speed and is fixed to the shaft 806 and can rotate at a high speed. On the side of the rotating body, a hole of about 1 to 5 mm is drilled, allowing the liquid to be treated to move.
- the tank is 120 ml, and about half of the liquid to be treated is charged.
- the speed MAX of the rotating body can be up to 50mZs.
- the diameter of the rotating body is 52 mm, and the inner diameter of the tank is 56 mm.
- 44 is a raw material inlet for continuous processing. Sealed for high pressure processing or batch type.
- wax particle dispersion WA2 Under the same conditions as wax particle dispersion WA1, 67 g of ion-exchanged water and nonionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400U. 8 g, Charon surfactant (Syoyo Kasei SCF) 1. 2g, 10g of the first wax (W-2) and 20g of the second wax (W-12) were charged, the speed of the rotating body was 30mZs for 3min, then the rotation speed was increased to 50mZs, and processed for 2min. A wax particle dispersion WA2 was formed.
- wax particle dispersion WA3 Under the same conditions as wax particle dispersion WA1, 67 g of ion-exchanged water, 2.5 g of nonionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Elminol NA400), and surfactant surfactant (Sanyo Chemical Industries) SCF) 0.5g, 15g of the first wax (W-3) and 15g of the second wax (W-13), and the speed of the rotating body is 3m at 20mZs, and then the rotational speed is increased to 45mZs. After treatment for 2 min, a wax particle dispersion WA3 was formed.
- nonionic surfactant Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Elminol NA400
- surfactant surfactant SCF
- wax particle dispersion WA1 Under the same conditions as wax particle dispersion WA1, 67 g of ion-exchanged water, 3 g of nonionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400), 10 g of the first wax (W-4) and the second soot (W—ll) was charged with 20 g, and the speed of the rotating body was 30 mZs for 3 min, and then the rotating speed was increased to 50 mZs and treated for 2 min to form a wax particle dispersion WA4.
- nonionic surfactant Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the stirring and dispersing device
- Fig. 6 shows a plan view of the stirring force.
- 850 is a raw material inlet
- 852 is a floating structure with a fixed body. It is pressed by the spring 851 and a narrow gap of about 1 ⁇ to 10 / ⁇ m is formed by the pushing force of the rotating body 853 and the high-speed rotational force.
- a shaft 854 is connected to a motor (not shown).
- Raw material inlet 850 The raw material that has also been subjected to a force receives a strong shearing force between the gap between the stationary body and the rotating body, and is dispersed into fine particles in the liquid.
- the treated raw material liquid is discharged from 856.
- Figure 6 shows the top view.
- the discharged raw material liquid 855 is radiated and collected in a sealed container.
- the outer diameter of the rotating body is 100mm.
- the raw material liquid is pre-dispersed with a wax and a surfactant in an aqueous medium that has been heated under pressure in advance, and is added through an inlet 850 and instantly refined.
- Supply amount is lkg Zh, the speed of the rotating body was rotated with MAXlOOmZs.
- Rotating body was charged with 67g of ion-exchanged water, 3g of nonionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400), 6g of the first wax (W-5) and 24g of the second wax (W-12).
- W-5 ion-exchanged water
- W-12 ion-exchanged water
- nonionic surfactant Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400
- wax particle dispersion WA6 Under the same conditions as wax particle dispersion WA1, 67 g of ion-exchanged water, 3 g of nonionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400), 5 g of the first wax (W-6) and 2 Tas (W-ll) 25g was charged, and the speed of the rotating body was 20mZs for 3min, and then the rotating speed was increased to 50mZs and treated for 2min. A wax particle dispersion WA6 was formed.
- wax particle dispersion WA7 Under the same conditions as wax particle dispersion WA1, 67 g of ion-exchanged water, 3 g of nonionic surfactant (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400), 7.5 g of 1st wax (W-7) and 2nd Wax (W-12) 22.5g was charged, and the speed of the rotating body was 20mZs for 3min, then the rotation speed was increased to 50mZs and treated for 2min to form a wax particle dispersion WA7.
- nonionic surfactant manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400
- Wax particle dispersion Under the same conditions as WA5, 67 g of ion-exchanged water, 3 g of nonionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400), 15 g of 1st wax (W-8) and 2nd soot (W-13) was charged with 15g, the speed of the rotating body was 100mZs, and the supply amount was lkgZh, and a wax particle dispersion WA8 was formed.
- nonionic surfactant Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400
- wax particle dispersion WA1 Under the same conditions as wax particle dispersion WA1, 67 g of ion-exchanged water, 3 g of nonionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400), 15 g of the first wax (W-9) and the second soot (W—ll) 15 g was charged, the speed of the rotating body was 3 min at 20 mZs, and then the rotating speed was increased to 50 mZs and treated for 2 min to form a wax particle dispersion WA9.
- nonionic surfactant Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400
- wax particle dispersion WA1 Under the same conditions as wax particle dispersion WA1, 67 g of ion-exchanged water, 3 g of nonionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400), 10 g of the first wax (W-10) and the second 20 g of wax (W-12) was charged, and the speed of the rotating body was 30 mZs for 3 min, and then the rotating speed was increased to 50 mZs and treated for 2 min to form a wax particle dispersion WA10.
- nonionic surfactant Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400
- wax particle dispersion WA1 Under the same conditions as wax particle dispersion WA1, 67 g of ion exchange water, 3 g of nonionic surfactant (Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400), 30 g of wax (W-6) were charged, and the speed of the rotating body was 3 min at 30 mZs, and then the rotational speed was increased to 45 mZs, followed by 3 min treatment to form a tas 1 particle dispersion wal 1.
- nonionic surfactant Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .: Erminol NA400
- wax particle dispersion WA1 Under the same conditions as wax particle dispersion WA1, 67 g of ion-exchanged water, 3 g of a surfactant (SCF made by Sanyo Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) and 30 g of wax (W-7) were charged, and the speed of the rotating body was 3 OmZs 3 minutes, and then the rotational speed was increased to 45 mZs, and after 3 minutes of treatment, a wax particle dispersion wal 2 was formed.
- SCF surfactant
- Table 10 shows the toner bases (Ml, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, and Mil) prepared as examples of toner bases according to the present invention.
- the toner bases ml3, ml4, ml5, ml6, ml7 prepared as comparative examples, the respective compositions and the properties obtained in the prepared toner bases are shown.
- the “variation coefficient” indicates the spread of the particle size distribution on the basis of the volume of the toner base particles in the obtained toner base.
- a 2000 ml four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser, stir bar, and pH meter is charged with 204 g of the first resin particle dispersion RL1, 40 g of the colorant particle dispersion PM1, and 80 g of the wax dispersion WA1. Then, 500 ml of ion-exchanged water was added, and lOmin was mixed using a homogenizer (IKA: Ultra Tarax T25) to prepare a mixed particle dispersion. The pH of the obtained mixed dispersion was 2.5.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 7.2, 130g of the second resin particle dispersion RH1 was added, and heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at 90 ° C for the second temperature. Particles obtained by fusing the resin particles were obtained. Then, after cooling, the product (toner base material) was filtered and washed three times with ion exchange water. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid dryer to obtain a toner base Ml having a volume average particle diameter of 6.9 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 17.8.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C
- the pH was set to 3.2
- 125g of the second rosin particle dispersion RH2 was added.
- heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at a water temperature of 90 ° C. to obtain particles in which the second resin particles were fused.
- the reaction product toner base material
- the toner base thus obtained was dried with a fluid dryer at 40 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a toner base 2 having a volume average particle size of 6.2 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 19.7.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 6.6, 65g of the second resin particle dispersion RH3 was added, and heat treatment was performed at 95 ° C for 3 hours. Particles obtained by fusing the resin particles were obtained. Then, after cooling, the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion exchange water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base M3 having a volume average particle size of 4.1 m and a coefficient of variation of 19.8.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 6.6, 125 g of the second resin particle dispersion RH1 was added, and the second heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at 90 ° C. Particles obtained by fusing the resin particles were obtained. Then, after cooling, the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion exchange water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain toner base 4 having a volume average particle size of 6.8 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 17.8.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 3.2, 125g of the second resin particle dispersion RH2 was added, and the second heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at 90 ° C. Particles obtained by fusing the resin particles were obtained. Then, after cooling, the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion exchange water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain toner base 5 having a volume average particle size of 6.5 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 18.1.
- the temperature was raised from 22 ° C to 70 ° C at a rate of l ° CZmin, and then heated at 70 ° C for 2 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 85 ° C. and treated for 2 hours.
- the pH of the obtained dispersion was 9.2. Thereafter, 1NHC1 was further added, the pH was set to 6.6, the temperature was raised to 90 ° C., and the mixture was heated for 2 hours to obtain core particles.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 7.6, 65g of the second resin particle dispersion RH3 was added, and the water temperature was 95 ° C for 3 hours. Particles obtained by fusing the resin particles were obtained. Then, after cooling, the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion exchange water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base 6 having a volume average particle diameter of 4.2 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 20.2.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 3.4, 120g of the second resin particle dispersion RH1 was added, and the second heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at 90 ° C. Particles obtained by fusing the resin particles were obtained. Then, after cooling, the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion exchange water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid-type dryer to obtain a toner base 7 having a volume average particle size of 6.4 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 18.2.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 5.5, 120g of the second resin particle dispersion RH2 was added, and the second heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at 90 ° C. Particles obtained by fusing the resin particles were obtained. Then, after cooling, the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion exchange water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid dryer to obtain toner base 8 having a volume average particle size of 4.8 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 19.2.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 3.4, 40g of the second resin particle dispersion RH3 was added, and heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at a temperature of 95 ° C. Particles obtained by fusing the resin particles were obtained.
- the reaction product toner base material
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 7.4, 120g of the second resin particle dispersion RH1 was added, and the second heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at 90 ° C. Particles obtained by fusing the resin particles were obtained. Then, after cooling, the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion exchange water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base M10 having a volume average particle size of 6.9 m and a coefficient of variation of 18.2.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 3.4, 120 g of the second resin particle dispersion RH1 was added, and water was added. Heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at a temperature of 90 ° C. to obtain particles in which the second resin particles were fused. Then, after cooling, the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion exchange water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base was dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours by a fluid drier to obtain a toner base Mil having a volume average particle size of 6.6 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 17.8.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 5, and 120g of the second resin particle dispersion RH1 was added, followed by heat treatment at 90 ° C for 3 hours. Particles with fused particles were obtained. Then, after cooling, the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water three times. The toner base thus obtained was dried with a fluid dryer at 40 ° C for 6 hours, resulting in a toner base with a volume average particle size of 22.8 m, a coefficient of variation of 33.8 and a broad distribution. Got.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 2, and 75g of the second resin particle dispersion RH2 was added, and heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at 95 ° C. Particles with fused particles were obtained.
- the reaction product toner matrix
- the toner base thus obtained was dried with a fluid-type dryer at 40 ° C for 6 hours, resulting in a coarser toner with a volume average particle size of 20.4 / ⁇ ⁇ and a coefficient of variation of 35.9, and a broad distribution.
- the mother body ml4 was obtained.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 2, 60g of the second resin particle dispersion rhl was added, and heat treatment was performed for 3 hours at a water temperature of 90 ° C. Particles in which the fat particles were fused were obtained.
- the reaction product toner base material
- the resulting toner base was dried in a fluid-type dryer at 40 ° C for 6 hours, resulting in a broad toner base ml6 with a mean particle size of 26.8 m and a coefficient of variation of 31.0.
- the water temperature was set to 60 ° C, the pH was set to 2.4, 50g of the second resin particle dispersion rh2 was added, and the second temperature treatment was performed at 95 ° C for 3 hours. Particles in which the cocoon particles were fused were obtained. Then, after cooling, the reaction product (toner base material) was filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water three times. Thereafter, the obtained toner base is dried at 40 ° C. for 6 hours with a fluid-type dryer, so that the volume average particle size is 8.5 m, the coefficient of variation is 40.1, and the core particles have many secondary aggregations. A toner base ml 7 having a broad distribution with a large number of particles having a small particle size floating without adhering to the resin 2 was obtained.
- the toner bases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 11 according to the present invention are used for the ⁇ ⁇ temperature of the mixed dispersion and the particle size (volume average particle size) of the formed aggregate particles with respect to the processing time. Examples are shown in Table 11, and examples of toner bases ml3 to ml7 for comparison are shown in Table 12.
- the volume average particle size of the aggregated particles increased from 3.78 m force to 5.54 / zm in the process of generating core particles over a processing time of 1 to 6 hours.
- the process of forming the resin-fused layer after the second growth (treatment time 7 to 9 hours), it was almost constant at 6.74-6.91 m, indicating that the particles were not coarse.
- the coefficient of variation in Table 11 shows the spread of the particle size distribution of the toner base particles in the toner base on the volume basis, but varies in the toner bases M1 to M10 according to the present invention. The coefficient is relatively small.
- the toner base for comparison in Table 12 has a volume average particle diameter of aggregated particles in the process of forming a resin-fused layer with a processing time of 7 to 9 hours.
- the toner bases ml3 to ml7 for comparison have large values, which indicates that the particle size distribution with a large variation in particle size is broad.
- the toner bases M1 to M10 according to the present invention have the toner base particles in which the second binder resin is fused and the resin fused layer is formed after the core particles are formed. Until it is obtained, its particle size is almost constant, and the molten aggregated particles that become toner base particles are not coarsened. Showed the fruit. This makes it possible to obtain toner base particles having a small particle size and a substantially uniform particle size without the need for a classification step.
- toner bases ml3 to ml7 for comparison the melted core particles to be toner base particles are coarsened or too small, or aggregation is unstable. This makes it impossible to obtain toner base particles having a small particle size and a substantially uniform particle size without a classification step.
- toner bases for magenta toners For cyan, yellow, and black toner bases, PB1, PCI, or PY1 are used as pigments, respectively. It is the same.
- Table 13 shows the materials and properties of the external additives (Sl, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9) used in this example.
- “5-minute value” and “30-minute value” represent the charge amount ([/ z CZg]), and these were measured by the blow-off method of frictional charge with an uncoated ferrite carrier. Specifically, in an environment of 45 ° C at 25 ° C, after mixing 50 g of carrier and 0.1 lg of silica, etc. in a 100 ml polyethylene container, stirring for 100 minutes—at a speed of 1 for 5 minutes for 30 minutes. 0.3 g was collected and measured by blowing with nitrogen gas at 1.96 ⁇ 10 4 [Pa] for 1 minute. For negative chargeability, the 5-minute value is from 100 to 800 CZg, and the 30-minute value is from 50 to 600 ⁇ CZg. Highly charged silica can function with a small amount of added calories.
- the treatment material was mixed in an amount of 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the external additive particles.
- the weight ratio of treatment materials A and B is shown in parentheses.
- Fine powder active substance Surface treatment particle size Methanol titration Water tank High heat S Dry ⁇ a 30 ⁇ 11
- Table 14 shows magenta toners according to the present invention (TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4, TM5, TM6, TM7, TM8, TM9, TM10, TMl 1) prepared as toner preparation examples, and magenta toners for comparison.
- the material composition of (tm13, tml4, tml5, tml6, tml7) is shown. Note that the value in parentheses at the end of the symbol indicating the external additive in the external additive column represents the blending amount (part by weight) of the external additive with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner base.
- the toner was externally added using a Henschel mixer FM20B (Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) with a stirring blade ZOSO type, a rotational speed of 2000 min, a processing time of 5 minutes, and an input amount of 1 kg.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the configuration of an image forming apparatus for forming a full color single image used in this embodiment.
- the transfer belt unit 17 includes a transfer belt 12, a first color (yellow) transfer roller 10Y made of an elastic material, a second color (magenta) transfer roller 10M, a third color (cyan) transfer roller 10C, and a fourth color (black).
- Transfer roller 10K drive roller 11 made of aluminum roller, second transfer roller 14 made of elastic material, second transfer driven roller 13, belt cleaner blade 16 for cleaning the toner image remaining on the transfer belt 12, facing the cleaner blade A roller 15 is provided at a position to be used.
- the distance from the first color ( ⁇ ) transfer position to the second color ( ⁇ ) transfer position is 70 mm (second color (M) transfer position to third color (C) transfer position, third color ( C) Transfer position force, 4th color (K) Transfer position is the same distance), and the peripheral speed of the photoconductor is 125 mmZs.
- the transfer belt 12 is used by kneading a conductive filler in an insulating polycarbonate resin and forming a film with an extruder.
- a polycarbonate resin for example, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., Iupilon Z300
- conductive carbon for example, Ketjen Black
- the surface is coated with fluorine resin, the thickness is about 100 m, the volume resistance is 10 7 to: ⁇ 0 12 ⁇ 'cm, and the surface resistance is 10 7 to 10 12 ⁇ / mouth. This is also for improving dot reproducibility.
- the first transfer roller urethane foam roller carbon conductive outer diameter 8 mm, the resistance value 1 0 2 -: is a ⁇ 0 6 ⁇ .
- the first transfer roller 10 is pressed against the photosensitive member 1 via the transfer belt 12 with a pressing force of 1.0 to 9.8 ( ⁇ ), and the toner on the photosensitive member is transferred onto the belt. Is done.
- the resistance value is smaller than 10 2 ⁇ , retransfer is likely to occur. Larger than 10 6 ⁇ , transfer failure tends to occur. 1. If it is smaller than ⁇ ( ⁇ ), transfer defects occur, and if it is greater than 9.8 ( ⁇ ), transfer characters are lost.
- the second transfer roller 14 is a carbon conductive foamed urethane roller having an outer diameter of 10 mm, and has a resistance value of 10 2 to 10 6 ⁇ .
- the second transfer roller 14 is pressed against the transfer roller 13 via the transfer belt 12 and a transfer medium 19 such as paper or paper.
- the transfer roller 13 is configured to be driven to rotate by the transfer belt 12.
- the second transfer roller 14 and the counter transfer roller 13 in the second transfer are pressed against each other with a pressing force of 5.0 to 21.8 ( ⁇ ), and toner is transferred from the transfer belt onto the recording material 19 such as paper. Transcribed.
- the resistance value is smaller than 10 2 ⁇ , retransfer is likely to occur. Transfer defects are more likely to occur than 10 6 ⁇ . 5. If it is smaller than ⁇ ( ⁇ ), transfer failure occurs. If it is greater than 21.8 ( ⁇ ), the load increases and jitter tends to occur.
- each image forming unit 18Y, 18M, 18C, 18K is composed of the same constituent members except for the developer contained therein, the image forming unit 18Y for scissors will be described in order to simplify the description. The explanation of the units for other colors is omitted.
- the image forming unit is configured as follows. 1 is a photoconductor, 3 is a pixel laser signal light, 4 is a developing roller made of aluminum with a magnet having a magnetic force of 1200 gauss inside, and is opposed to the photoconductor with a gap of 0.3 mm, in the direction of the arrow Rotate to. 6 is a stirring roller that stirs the toner and carrier in the developing unit and supplies them to the developing roller. The composition ratio of the carrier and the toner is read by a magnetic permeability sensor (not shown), and the toner hopper (not shown) force is also supplied at an appropriate time. 5 is a metal magnetic blade that regulates the magnetic mesh layer of the developing agent on the developing roller. The developer amount is 150g.
- the gap was 0.4 mm.
- the power supply is omitted.
- the developing roller 4 is applied with 500V DC and 1.5kV (p-P), AC voltage with a frequency of 6kHz.
- the peripheral speed ratio between the photoconductor and the developing roller was 1: 1.6.
- the mixing ratio of toner and carrier was 93: 7, and the developer amount in the developing unit was 150 g.
- [0383] 2 is a charging roller made of epichlorohydrin rubber and having an outer diameter of 10 mm, and a DC bias of 1.2 kV is applied. Charge the surface of photoconductor 1 to -600V. 8 is a cleaner, 9 is a waste toner bot, and 7 is a developer.
- the paper is also conveyed by the downward force of the transfer unit 17, and the transfer belt 12 and the second transfer roller 14 A paper transport path is formed so that the paper 19 is fed to the press-contacted portion of the paper by a paper feed roller (not shown).
- the toner on the transfer belt 12 is transferred to the paper 19 by +1000 V applied to the second transfer roller 14, and the fixing roller 201, the pressure roller 202, the fixing belt 203, the heating medium roller 204, and the induction heater unit 205. And is fixed here.
- FIG. 2 shows the fixing process diagram.
- a belt 203 is placed between the fixing roller 201 and the heat roller 204.
- a predetermined load is applied between the fixing roller 201 and the pressure roller 202, and a loop is formed between the belt 203 and the pressure roller 202.
- An induction heater unit 205 consisting of a ferrite core 206 and a coil 207 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the heat roller 204, and a temperature sensor 208 is disposed on the outer surface.
- the belt has a structure in which 30 ⁇ m of Ni is used as a base, silicone rubber is 150 ⁇ m on top of it, and PFA tube is 30 ⁇ m on top of it.
- the pressure roller 202 is pressed against the fixing roller 201 by the pressure panel 209.
- the recording material 19 having the toner 210 moves along the guide plate 211.
- the fixing roller 201 as a fixing member has a JIS rubber hardness (JIS-A) of 20 on the surface of an aluminum hollow roller metal core 213 having a length of 250 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm.
- a silicone rubber layer 215 is formed with a thickness of 3 mm, and the outer diameter is about 26 mm.
- Drive motor force (not shown) also receives drive force and rotates at 125mmZs.
- Heat roller 204 consists of a hollow pipe with a wall thickness of lmm and an outer diameter of 20mm!
- the surface temperature of the fixing belt was controlled at 170 ° C. using a thermistor.
- the pressure roller 202 as the pressure member has a length force of 250 mm and an outer diameter of 20 mm.
- This is a hollow roller cored bar 216 made of aluminum with an outer diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.
- An elastic layer 217 with a thickness of 2 mm made of silicone rubber with a rubber hardness (JIS-A) of 55 degrees according to JIS standards is provided on the surface.
- the pressure roller 202 is rotatably installed and forms a nip width of 5. Omm with the fixing roller 201 by a panel 209 having a panel weight on one side 147N.
- the image formation speed of the image forming unit 18Y (125 mmZs equal to the peripheral speed of the photosensitive member) and the moving speed of the transfer belt 12 are 0.5 to 1.5% slower than the transfer belt speed. It is set to be.
- Y signal light 3Y is input to image forming unit 18Y, and image formation with Y toner is performed. Simultaneously with the image formation, the first transfer roller 10Y causes the Y toner image to be transferred from the photosensitive member 1Y to the transfer belt 12. At this time, a DC voltage of +800 V was applied to the first transfer roller 10Y.
- M signal light 3 M is input to the image forming unit 18M, and image formation with M toner
- the first transfer roller 10M causes the M toner image to be transferred to the photoreceptor 1M force transfer belt 12.
- the first color (Y) toner is formed and the M toner is transferred.
- image formation with C (cyan) and K (black) toners is performed, and simultaneously with image formation, a YMCK toner image is formed on the transfer belt 12 by the action of the first transfer rollers 10C and 10K. This is a so-called tandem system.
- the transfer belt 12 On the transfer belt 12, four color toner images were positioned and overlapped to form a color image. After the transfer of the last K toner image, the four color toner images are collectively transferred to the paper 19 fed from a paper feed cassette (not shown) at the same time by the action of the second transfer roller 14. At this time, the transfer roller 13 was grounded, and a + lkV DC voltage was applied to the second transfer roller 14. The toner image transferred to the paper was fixed by a fixing roller pair 201 ⁇ 202. The paper was then discharged out of the apparatus through a pair of discharge rollers (not shown). The toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 12 is cleaned by the action of the cleaning blade 16 and is prepared for the next image formation.
- Table 15 shows the two-component developer (DM1, DM2, DM3, DM4, DM5, DM6, DM7, DM8, DM9, DM10, DM11) used in this example and for comparison.
- DM1, DM2, DM3, DM4, DM5, DM6, DM7, DM8, DM9, DM10, DM11 the two-component developer used in this example and for comparison.
- the composition of toner and carrier as a two-component developer and 100,000 sheets running durability test on A4 size paper were evaluated. The results are shown.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates that the evaluation result is good
- “X” indicates that there is a problem.
- the two-component developer DM1 DM11 according to the present invention has practically no problem with respect to toner filming on the photosensitive member when a running durability test of 100,000 sheets is performed on A4 size paper. It was. In addition, toner filming on the transfer belt was at a level where there was no practical problem. Further, no transfer belt cleaning failure occurred. And even in a full-color image where three colors overlap, paper flaws may occur on the fixing belt. Shina force. Regarding the image density before and after the running test, the two-component developers DM1 to DM11 according to the present invention all obtained high density images having an image density of 1.3 or more.
- the two-component developers DM1 to DM10 according to the present invention are at a level where there is no practical problem such as skipping. It was. In addition, no transfer failure occurred even in a full-color image in which the three colors overlapped. The transfer efficiency was about 95%.
- the two-component developers DM1 to DM21 according to the present invention are toners that have little change in image quality such as image density and ground cover. A single concentration can be controlled widely.
- Table 16 shows the evaluation results for the fixing property, non-offset property, high-temperature storage stability, and paper tackiness on the fixing belt in a full-color image.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates that the evaluation result is good
- “X” indicates that there is a problem.
- the toners ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 10 of this example are all good in terms of fixability, with a scum film transmittance of 80% or more.
- the non-offset temperature range can be obtained in a wide range without using oil, and the fixing temperature range (the range from the lowest fixing temperature to the high temperature offset phenomenon occurrence temperature) can be obtained. ) Is wide Yes. Normal paper image No offset phenomenon occurs in the 200,000-sheet test. In addition, the surface deterioration of the belt is not observed without applying oil with a silicone or fluorine-based fixing belt. In addition, regarding high-temperature storage stability, almost no aggregation was observed in storage stability at 55 ° C for 24 hours.
- toners tml3 to tml7 for comparison have low fixability for OHP film.
- the margin in the fixable temperature range is narrow. That is, the minimum fixing temperature is increased, or the offset phenomenon occurrence temperature is decreased and the non-offset property is weakened.
- the storage stability is often poor.
- the present invention is useful not only for an electrophotographic method using a photoconductor but also for a method of printing by directly attaching paper or a toner containing a conductive material on a substrate as a wiring pattern. It is.
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Abstract
Description
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US7939232B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2011-05-10 | Panasonic Corporation | Toner, process for producing toner, and two-component developing agent |
JP5128858B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-19 | 2013-01-23 | 株式会社リコー | トナー及びその製造方法 |
JP5124308B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-26 | 2013-01-23 | 株式会社リコー | トナー、該トナーを用いた現像剤、トナー入り容器、プロセスカートリッジ、及び画像形成方法 |
KR20210093681A (ko) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-07-28 | 휴렛-팩커드 디벨롭먼트 컴퍼니, 엘.피. | 정전하상 현상용 토너 |
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- 2005-11-01 WO PCT/JP2005/020134 patent/WO2006064617A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-11-01 US US11/721,787 patent/US7645550B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2013242490A (ja) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-12-05 | Nof Corp | トナー用ワックス組成物 |
Also Published As
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US20090253065A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
JP4597143B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
JPWO2006064617A1 (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
US7645550B2 (en) | 2010-01-12 |
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