WO2006049338A1 - 像加熱装置及びこの装置に用いられるヒータ - Google Patents
像加熱装置及びこの装置に用いられるヒータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006049338A1 WO2006049338A1 PCT/JP2005/020762 JP2005020762W WO2006049338A1 WO 2006049338 A1 WO2006049338 A1 WO 2006049338A1 JP 2005020762 W JP2005020762 W JP 2005020762W WO 2006049338 A1 WO2006049338 A1 WO 2006049338A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heater
- temperature
- heat
- image
- resistance value
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
- G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
- G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
- G03G15/2053—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating
- G03G15/2057—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating relating to the chemical composition of the heat element and layers thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/20—Details of the fixing device or porcess
- G03G2215/2003—Structural features of the fixing device
- G03G2215/2016—Heating belt
- G03G2215/2035—Heating belt the fixing nip having a stationary belt support member opposing a pressure member
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image heating apparatus suitable for use as a heat fixing apparatus mounted on an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine or an electrophotographic printing apparatus, and a screen used in this apparatus.
- an image heating apparatus suitable for use as a heat fixing apparatus mounted on an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine or an electrophotographic printing apparatus, and a screen used in this apparatus.
- the present invention also relates to an image heating apparatus that heats a recording material that carries an image between the flexible member and the backup member while sandwiching and conveying the recording material, and a heater used in the apparatus.
- an image heating device mounted on an electrophotographic printer or copying machine
- a heater having a heater on a ceramic substrate, a flexible moving in contact with this heater
- a pressure roller which forms a heater and a nipped part via a flexible member and a flexible member.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 6-3-3 1 3 1 8 2 and 4-4 4 0 75 describe a fixing device of this type. The recording material carrying the unfixed toner image is heated while being nipped and conveyed by the nip portion of the fixing device, whereby the image on the recording material is heated and fixed on the recording material.
- This fixing device has the advantage that it takes a short time to start energization of the heater and raise the temperature to a fixable temperature. Therefore, a printer equipped with this fuser can shorten the first printout time (FPOT) after the print command is input until the first image is output.
- FPOT first printout time
- This type of fuser also has the advantage of low power consumption while waiting for a print command.
- a printer equipped with a fuser that forms a fixing two-pipe part with a heater and a pressure roller via a flexible member can be used for continuous printing on small-size recording materials.
- the print interval is controlled to be larger than that when the printer is used.
- control to widen the print interval is to reduce the number of output sheets per unit time, and it is desirable to control the number of output sheets per unit time to be the same as or slightly less than that of a large size recording material.
- the heater used in the above-described fixing device has a characteristic that the resistance value decreases (NTC: negative temperature coefficient) as the temperature rises (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 20 Q 4-2 3 4 9 9-8).
- NTC negative temperature coefficient
- the idea is that if the heater has NTC characteristics, even if the non-sheet-passing area overheats, the resistance value of the non-sheet-passing area decreases, so that excessive temperature rise in the non-sheet-passing area can be suppressed.
- Japanese Patent No. 3 1 7 3 800 discloses a carbon-based heating element used in a heating furnace and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 20 0 2-3 7 2 8 8 0 discloses a fixing device having a carbon-based heating element.
- Japanese Patent No. 3 1 7 3 800 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 00 2-3 7 2 8 8 0 are both heated via an air layer.
- these patent documents describe an image heating apparatus having a flexible member in which one surface is in contact with a recording material and the other surface is in contact with a heater, that is, image heating in which an excessive temperature rise occurs in a non-sheet passing region of the heater. The device is not assumed.
- the present invention for solving the problems described above includes: a heater that generates heat when energized; a flexible member that moves while in contact with the sun; and the sun and two through the flexible member.
- An image heating apparatus that heats a recording material that carries an image between the flexible member and the backup member while sandwiching and conveying the recording material. It is characterized by carbonizing organic materials by heat-treating raw materials containing organic materials in an atmosphere in which carbon is hardly oxidized.
- a heater that generates heat when energized, a flexible member that moves while contacting the heater, and a knock-up member that forms a nipped portion with the heater via the flexible member.
- An image heating apparatus that heats a recording material that carries an image between the flexible member and the backup member while sandwiching and conveying the recording material.
- the heater is a carbon-based heating element that uses carbon as a conductive material.
- the present invention provides a heat generating device that generates heat when energized, a flexible member that moves while in contact with the electronic device, and the flexible device that forms the two parts with the flexible device.
- the peak of time derivative (% / min) of the rate of change in weight (%) of carbon is 7.50 or less.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of the image forming apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main part of the heat fixing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- Fig. 3 is a perspective model view of the main part.
- FIG. 4A is a front model view of the stage, and FIG. 4B is a bottom model view.
- Fig. 5 is a perspective model view of a carbon-based heating element as a heating source.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a carbon-based heating element with power feeding electrodes attached to both ends.
- Fig. 7 is a bottom model diagram of a stage in which a carbon-based heating element is fixedly supported.
- Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a power supply control circuit system for a carbon-based heating element.
- Fig. 9 is a model diagram of a carbon-based heating element.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing resistance temperature characteristics of each example of Example 1 and conventional example.
- 1A and 1 IB are explanatory diagrams of a conventional heater.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of the heater, the PPS substrate, and the stage in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for each heater example of Example 1.
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a measurement device for the resistance temperature characteristics of the sun.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an image forming apparatus equipped with the image heating apparatus of the present invention.
- This image forming apparatus is a laser one-beam printer using a transfer type electrophotographic process.
- Reference numeral 101 denotes a drum-type electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter referred to as a photosensitive drum) as an image carrier.
- a photosensitive drum is an organic photosensitive drum in which a photosensitive layer such as an organic photoconductor is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a conductive drum base such as aluminum. .. 1 0 2 is a charging roller as a charging means.
- the surface of the photosensitive drum is uniformly charged to a predetermined polarity and potential by the charging roller 10 2. In this example, charging is uniformly performed at a predetermined negative potential.
- This laser one exposure apparatus 103 outputs laser light L modulated in accordance with image information input from an external device (host device) such as an image scanner or a computer (not shown).
- This laser beam scans and exposes the uniformly charged surface of the photosensitive drum 101.
- This scanning exposure attenuates or eliminates the charge in the exposed bright portion of the photosensitive drum surface, and an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the image information is formed on the photosensitive drum surface.
- Reference numeral 1 0 4 denotes a developing device.
- the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum is visualized as a toner image by this developing device.
- a reversal development method is generally used in which toner is attached to an exposed bright portion of an electrostatic latent image for development.
- 1 0 4 a is a developing sleeve
- 1 0 4 b is a developing blade
- 1 0 4 c is a developing bias application power source
- t is a one-component magnetic toner.
- 1 0 7 is a paper feed cassette on which recording material (transfer material) P is loaded and stored. Based on the paper feed start signal, the paper feed rollers 10 8 are driven to separate and feed the recording material P in the paper feed cassette 10 07 one by one.
- the fed recording material P passes through the sheet path 1 0 9 ⁇ registration roller 1 1 0 ⁇ top sensor 1 1 1 and the contact between the photosensitive drum 1 0 1 and the transfer roller 1 1 2 It is introduced at a predetermined control timing into the transcription site T. That is, when the front end portion of the toner image on the photosensitive drum 10 0 1 reaches the transfer position T, the registration material P 1 1 0 causes the recording material P so that the leading end portion of the recording material P also reaches the timing. The transport timing is controlled.
- the image writing timing for the photosensitive drum 1 0 1 is controlled based on the recording material leading edge detection signal from the top sensor 1 1 1. ''
- the recording material P introduced into the transfer site T is nipped and conveyed at this transfer site T.
- the transfer roller 1 1 2 A transfer bias having a predetermined potential opposite to the polarity is applied.
- the toner image on the photosensitive drum surface side is sequentially electrostatically transferred onto the recording material surface at the transfer portion T.
- the recording material P that has received the transfer of the toner image at the transfer portion T is separated from the surface of the photosensitive drum, and then conveyed through a sheet path 1 1 3 to a fixing device 1 1 4 that is an image heating device. The heat fixing process is received.
- the photosensitive drum surface after separation of the recording material (after transfer of the toner image to the recording material) is removed with a cleaning blade 1 0 5 a of the cleaning device 1 0 5 a to remove deposits such as transfer residue and paper dust.
- the surface is cleaned and repeatedly used for image formation.
- the recording material P that has passed through the fixing device 1 1 4 passes through the sheet path 1 1 5 and is discharged from the paper discharge port 1 1 6 onto the paper discharge tray 1 1 7 on the upper surface of the printer.
- the printer in this example has four process devices, photosensitive drum 100, charging roller 100, developing device 104, and cleaning device 105, which can be attached to and removed from the printer body at once. It is structured as a free process force 1 0 6.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main part of the fixing device 1 14 according to this embodiment.
- Fig. 3 is a perspective model view of the main part.
- This apparatus is a tension-less type film heating system disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 4 4 0 0 5-4 4 0 8 3 and 4 1 2 0 4 9 8 0 to 2 0 4 9 8 4 This is an image heating apparatus.
- a tensionless type film heating type image heating device uses an endless bell-shaped or cylindrical heat-resistant film as a flexible member, and at least a part of the circumference of the film is always tension-free.
- the film is a device that is driven to rotate by the rotational driving force of the pressure member.
- FIG. 1 is a stage as a heating element support member and a film guide member.
- This is a rigid member made of heat-resistant resin having a substantially semi-circular cross-sectional shape having a longitudinal direction in a direction crossing the recording material conveyance direction a on the conveyance path surface.
- a high heat-resistant liquid crystal polymer was used as the material for the stage 1.
- 4A is a front view of the stay 1
- FIG. 4B is a bottom view (bottom view). '
- Reference numeral 3 denotes a heating element (heater) which is fixedly supported by being fitted into a groove portion 1a provided along the length of the stage on the lower surface of the stage 1.
- This heating element 3 is a carbon-based heating element. The carbon-based heating element will be described in detail in the next section (3).
- Film 2 is a cylindrical film excellent in heat resistance as a flexible member, and is externally fitted to a stage 1 that supports the heating element 3.
- the inner peripheral length of the film 2 and the outer peripheral length of the stay 1 including the heating element 3 are larger than the film 2 by, for example, about 3 mm. Therefore, the film 2 is loosely fitted with a margin in the peripheral length.
- Film 2 has a total film thickness of about 10 Opm or less in order to reduce heat capacity and improve quickness.
- a composite layer film coated with DIP, PFA, FEP, etc. can be used.
- a heat-resistant film 2 having a film layer thickness of 6 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ obtained by coating 1 ⁇ of TFE on a 5 ⁇ thick polyimide film was used.
- the inner peripheral surface side of the film 2 is coated with grease in order to improve slidability.
- the heating assembly 4 is composed of the above stage 1, the heater 3, the film 2, and the like.
- Reference numeral 6 denotes an inertial pressure roller as a backup member.
- the pressure roller 6 in this example was coated with a silicone foam having a length of 240 mm and a thickness of 3 mm as a heat-resistant inertia layer 6 b on a core metal 6 a of iron, stainless steel, aluminum or the like having an outer diameter of 13 mm. Is.
- a predetermined pressure is applied between the heating element 3 and the pressure roller 6 (precisely between the stage 1 holding the heating element 3 and the pressure roller 6).
- a fixing two-ply portion N having a predetermined width is formed between the heating element 3 on the yellowtail 4 side and the pressure roller 6 with the film 2 interposed therebetween.
- the pressure roller 6 When the driving force of the drive mechanism M is transmitted to the drive gear G provided at the end of the core of the pressure roller 6, the pressure roller 6 is rotationally driven in the counterclockwise direction indicated by the arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed.
- a rotational force acts on the film 2 due to the frictional force between the pressure roller 6 and the outer surface of the film at the fixing nipping portion N.
- the inner surface of the film 2 is in close contact with the surface of the heating element 3 at the fixing nipping portion N, and slides around the stay 1 in the direction of the arrow in the direction of the arrow. Rotate following.
- Stage 1 also serves as a guide member for the follow-up rotating film 2.
- the recording material P carrying the toner image is introduced between the film 2 and the pressure roller 6 in the state where the temperature of the heat rise 3 rises to a predetermined temperature and the rotational peripheral speed of the film 2 becomes steady. .
- the heat of the heating element 3 is applied to the recording material P via the film 2 and the unfixed visible image on the recording material P (Toner image) t is heat-fixed on the recording material P side.
- the recording material P that has passed through the fixing nipping portion N is separated from the surface of the film 2 and conveyed.
- the heating element 3 is a carbon-based heating element.
- FIG. 5 is an external perspective view of the heating element 3.
- the heating element 3 in this example has a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a thickness of 0.5 mm ⁇ width of 5 mm ⁇ length of 2500 mm.
- power supply electrodes 3 1 and 3 2 are attached to both ends in the longitudinal direction of the heating element 3.
- the method of attaching the power supply electrodes 3 1 and 3 2 is not particularly limited, but the power supply electrodes 3 1 and 3 2 in this example are silver-based (both of the heating element 3 at the end of the heating element 3). Applied) and connected.
- Heating element 3 is perpendicular to recording material conveyance direction a It is attached to stay 1 so that the direction is the longitudinal direction.
- Reference numeral 5 denotes a temperature detection element that detects the temperature of the heating element 3.
- a contact-type thermistor separated from the heating element 3 is used as the temperature detecting element 5.
- the contact type thermal element 5 is made to contact the back side of the heating element with a predetermined pressure toward the back side of the heating element (the side opposite to the film sliding surface side of the heating element), for example.
- the thermistor 5 is fitted into the through hole 1 b provided in the bottom surface of the heating element insertion groove 1 a of the stage 1 so as to directly contact the back surface of the heating element 3.
- thermist detects the temperature of the heating element in the area through which the recording material of the smallest fixed size that can be used in the image forming device passes.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a power supply control circuit system as power supply control means for the heating element 3.
- 7 and 8 are power supply connectors. Both ends of the heating element 3 fixedly supported on the stage 1 0 Power supply electrodes 3 1 and 3 2 are fitted to the power supply electrodes 3 1 and 3 2 respectively. The electrical contacts on connectors 7 and 8 are in contact.
- the power feeding connectors 7 and 8 are connected to the power feeding section through a power feeding cable.
- the heating element 3 is supplied from the commercial power supply (AC power supply) 1 3 through the triac 1 2 between the electrodes 3 1-3 2, and the effective heat generation in the longitudinal direction generates heat and the temperature rises rapidly and rapidly. . Then, the temperature of the heating element 3 is detected by the thermistor 5 and the output of the surmisor 5 is taken into the power supply controller (CPU) 11 via the analog / digital converter (A / D) 10.
- the control unit 1 1 controls the phase or wave number of the triac 1 2 based on the detected temperature information. In this way, by controlling the electric power supplied to the heating element 3, the temperature of the heating element 3 is controlled so as to maintain a desired temperature.
- the heating element 3 when the detection temperature of the fifth temperature is lower than the predetermined set temperature (fixing temperature), the heating element 3 is heated, and when the detected temperature of the first level is higher than the predetermined set temperature. Controls the power supplied to the heating element 3 so that the heating element 3 cools down. As a result, the temperature of the heating element 3 during fixing is maintained at a predetermined constant temperature.
- the output is changed from 0 to 100% in 21 steps in increments of 5% by phase control. Output 100% means when the heating element is fully energized with power from a commercial power source.
- the paper width is a recording material dimension in a direction orthogonal to the recording material conveyance direction a in the plane of the recording material P.
- the center in the width direction of the recording material is used as a transport reference
- the center in the longitudinal direction of the heating element 3 of the fixing device is the transport reference for recording materials of various sizes.
- 0 is the recording material conveyance reference line (virtual line).
- A is a standard maximum sheet width recording material passing portion (maximum sheet passing area) that can be used in this printer, and substantially corresponds to the effective heat generation total length area of the heating element 3 in the longitudinal direction.
- B is a sheet passing portion (minimum sheet passing area) of a recording material having a standard minimum width that can be used with this printer.
- C is a non-sheet-passing area generated in the recording material conveyance path when a recording material (small size paper) having a paper width smaller than that of the maximum paper width is passed.
- the area width of the non-sheet-passing area C varies depending on the size of the small-size paper that has been passed.
- the thermistor 5 that detects the temperature of the heating element 3 is in contact with the area of the heating element corresponding to the minimum sheet passing area B, which is the recording material passing area, regardless of whether the recording material of large or small paper width is passed. Yes.
- Heating element 3 is a carbon-based heating element that uses carbon as a conductive substance, and heat-treats raw materials containing at least organic substances in a non-oxidizing atmosphere of carbon (in an atmosphere in which carbon is hardly oxidized). Is a carbonized seaweed.
- the reason for using such a carbon-based light is that the resistance value decreases as the temperature rises, that is, the NTC (negative temperature coefficient) characteristic of the heat is used to overheat the non-paper passing area of the heater. This is to suppress the temperature.
- Fig. 9 is a model diagram of the heating element.
- the resistance value at the center (paper passing area) is Rl
- the resistance value at the edge one side of the non-paper passing area)
- the calorific value W 1 at the center is I 2 ⁇ R 1
- the calorific value W 2 at the end is I 2 ⁇ R 2.
- the paper passing area and the non-paper passing area are separated at a position where the length of the non-paper passing area (the sum of the lengths of both ends) is equal to the length of the paper passing area.
- the heating element contacts the paper through the film, so the heat in the center is deprived by the width of the small-size paper.
- the temperature detection element detects the temperature at the center, and the energization control is performed so that the temperature at the center does not drop, so the edge where the paper is not deprived of heat becomes hot relative to the center.
- the resistance value per unit length at the end is higher than the resistance value per unit length at the center due to the PTC characteristics, so the heating value at one end W 2 is the heating value at the center. Larger than W1. That is, the calorific value per unit length of the end portion is larger than that in the central portion.
- the temperature rises and the resistance further increases, further increasing the amount of heat generation.
- the resistance value is lower at higher temperatures, so the resistance value per unit length at the end is the resistance value per unit length at the center. Lower than. Therefore, the heat value W 2 at one end is smaller than the heat value W 1 at the center. In other words, the amount of heat generated per unit length at the end is less than at the center. For this reason, heat generation at both ends can be suppressed as compared with the case of the PTC heating element.
- a resistance heating element with NTC characteristics can keep the temperature of the edge when passing small size paper low.
- the resistance value P of the carbon-based heating element using carbon as a conductor is the sum of the resistance value pi of the graphitized part and the resistance value
- OC of the non-graphitized part (including amorphous carbon). (/ 0 pi + pc).
- a single crystal of graphite has a characteristic that the resistance value increases with increasing temperature, that is, a PTC characteristic, and Pi indicates a PTC characteristic.
- the part that is not black lead has an overall NTC characteristic, and pc indicates the NTC characteristic.
- the single crystal of graphite has a low resistance value and high conductivity, but the non-graphitized part has a higher resistance value and lower conductivity than the graphitized part.
- the resistance temperature characteristic of the carbon-based heating element varies depending on the progress of graphitization, that is, the ratio of the graphitized portion to the non-graphitized portion in the heating element.
- the progress of graphitization depends on the temperature (heat treatment temperature) when heat-treating raw materials containing organic substances. When the heat treatment temperature is raised, graphitization proceeds, and when the heat treatment temperature is lowered, graphitization is suppressed and amorphous carbon increases.
- the resistance value of the heating element 3 of the fixing device using the flexible member described above is in the range of 3 ⁇ or more and 100 ⁇ or less, considering that it is connected to a general household power supply. This is because it is desirable that 1. If it is 0 ⁇ or more, it becomes difficult to obtain the power required for fixing, and it is 3 ⁇ or less. As a result, the energization control mechanism for the heating element 3 becomes complicated.
- a heating element that suppresses excessive graphitization has a very high resistance value and is not suitable as a heating element mounted on the above-described fixing device.
- heat treatment at an appropriate temperature can be used to control the structure of the material with appropriate resistance and resistance temperature characteristics using the carbon in the raw material as a heating element. it can.
- a carbon-based heating element Hi-yuyu
- the startup time of the device can be shortened.
- an organic substance to be carbonized an organic substance that shows a carbonization yield of 5% or more by heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example, in a vacuum or an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon is used. .
- chlorinated vinyl chloride resin polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride-polyacetic acid pinyl copolymer, polyamide and other thermoplastic resins, phenol resin, furan resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester Resins, thermosetting resins such as polyimide, natural polymeric substances that have condensed polycyclic aromatics such as lignin, cellulose, tragacanth gum, gum arabic, and sugars in the basic structure of the molecule.
- synthetic polymer substances having a condensed polycyclic aromatic ring such as a formalin condensate of naphthalenesulfonic acid and a copna resin in the basic structure of the molecule can be mentioned.
- a non-oxidizing atmosphere of carbon in the atmosphere without carbon almost oxide refers to a vacuum (1 X 1 0 one 2 P a or less) 'or in nitrogen gas, the inert gas. Heat treatment in such an atmosphere can reliably prevent oxidation during heat treatment, An elemental heating element can be made stably.
- Carbonization yield here refers to the weight of charcoal material (composites such as graphite and amorphous carbon) obtained by heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and the weight of organic substances in the raw material before heat treatment. It is the ratio of the quantity.
- a carbonization yield of 5% means that if the weight of the organic material before heat treatment is 100 g, the weight of the carbonized material after heat treatment is 5 g.
- oxidation generally starts from a heat treatment temperature of about 500, depending on the type of organic material used.
- Oxidation causes carbon to decompose or burn, and even if the heat treatment temperature is raised further, sufficient carbonization does not proceed (components other than carbon are not decomposed into h, and graphitization does not proceed). Therefore, a stable carbonized material that can be used as a heat sink cannot be obtained.
- the kind and amount of the organic substance to be used are appropriately selected depending on the resistance temperature characteristics, resistance value, and shape of the heat-generating body, and can be used as one kind or a mixture of several kinds of organic substances.
- carbon powder may be mixed in advance with organic matter.
- the carbon powder herein includes carbon black, graphite, coke, etc., and can be used as one kind or a mixture of several kinds depending on the resistance value and shape of the heating element.
- electrons flow in the carbon powder mixed beforehand and in the organic matter carbonized by heat treatment.
- the method of mixing carbon powder in the raw material in advance is effective when it is desired to reduce the volume resistance of the heating element.
- a heating element with an arbitrary resistance value it is desirable to heat-treat the raw material in which an insulating substance or a semiconductive substance is mixed with an organic substance.
- the insulating and semiconductive materials metal carbide, metal boride, metal silicide, metal nitride, metal oxide, metalloid nitride, metalloid oxide, metalloid carbide are preferable, and resistance value of the heating element Depending on the shape, one or several types may be selected.
- insulating materials and semiconducting materials have not only carbon but also insulating and semiconducting materials that act as conductivity inhibitors for electrons flowing through carbon. Therefore, a heating element having a desired resistance value can be easily manufactured. By using these methods, the resistance value of the heating element and the flexibility of the shape that can be taken are expanded.
- an organic substance to be carbonized by heat treatment is mixed with at least one or several insulating or semiconductive substances.
- the carbon-based heating element 3 is formed by heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere of carbon after molding, the range of resistance temperature characteristics, resistance value, and shape of the heating element can be expanded. Therefore, a heating element suitable for a fixing device using a flexible member can be easily provided. If necessary, not only insulating materials and semiconductive materials, but also carbon powders may be mixed with the raw materials.
- boron nitride, alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide or the like is recommended as the insulating material or semiconductive material. By using such a substance, the resistance value of the heating element can be easily controlled.
- the heat treatment temperature (the highest temperature reached during heat treatment) of the carbon-based heating element is preferably 8 5 0 or more and 1 75 5 0 or less.
- the rate of change in resistance of the carbon-based heating element can be made near zero or negative.
- the resistance value of the carbon-based heating element can be adjusted to a practical resistance value, and it is possible to provide a heat-fixing device that suppresses the temperature rise of the non-sheet passing portion and does not have an excess or deficiency of power.
- Graphitization can be adjusted to some extent by the type of organic matter to be heat-treated and the carbon powder mixed in the raw materials, and the amount of mesh, but it depends greatly on the heat-treating conditions of the organic matter to be graphitized. The degree of graphitization increases.
- the carbon-based heating element has the characteristic that the resistance temperature characteristics can be easily changed greatly by simply changing the heat treatment conditions and adjusting the graphitization.
- Hiichi Samples 1 to 4 have the same raw materials before heat treatment, but different heat treatment temperatures.
- the heater (carbon-based heating element) in this example is made by dispersing and kneading chlorinated vinyl chloride resin, graphite powder, boron nitride, and forming it into a rod shape with an extrusion molding machine, then in vacuum (less than 0.01 Pa). Heat treated at 1500. As a result, a substrate having a specific resistance of 30.1 ⁇ 3 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm in a room temperature environment (20) was obtained. This base material was processed into a shape of length 250 mm ⁇ width 5 mm ⁇ thickness 0.5 mm to give a total resistance of 30.1 ⁇ .
- the weighted deformation temperature of the liquid crystal polymer used for the heater support member is about 300.
- the melting point of fluororesins such as PFA and PTFE used as materials for the surface of the film (flexible member) that rubs against the heater and the surface of the pressure roller that contacts the film surface is around 3003 ⁇ 4. is there. Therefore, if the heater is heated up to about 30, the fixing device may be damaged. Therefore, the transition of the resistance value of the heater in the temperature range from room temperature to 30 was investigated.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the resistance temperature characteristics of the four heater examples of this embodiment and the conventional heater.
- the resistance-temperature characteristics were measured by placing a heater with a resistance measurement electrode and thermocouple in the thermostat, and installing the heater measurement electrode and thermocouple lead wire outside the thermostat. The tester and the recorder were connected to each other while monitoring the heater temperature.
- the temperature inside the thermostatic bath containing the evening was held at the measured temperature for 10 minutes or more. Later, the resistance value was measured.
- the resistance change rate at the temperature X ° C of the heater; D (X :) is defined as follows.
- R (rc) means the resistance value of x Also R (2 ox). Is the resistance value of the heater when the heater temperature is 20 ° C.
- the rate of resistance change D (XX) is always negative in the temperature range from room temperature to 300.
- the resistance change rate at 300 in heater example 1 is
- heater example 1 has NTC characteristics in the temperature range of 2 O: ⁇ 300.
- a substrate having a specific resistance of 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm in a room temperature environment (20) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment temperature in vacuum was 1650.
- This substrate was processed into a length of 25011111 ⁇ ⁇ width 5111] 11 and a thickness of 0.5 mm to give a total resistance of 10 ⁇ .
- the resistance change rate of this heater is always negative in the temperature range from room temperature to 300.
- heater example 2 has NTC characteristics in the temperature range of 20-30 Ot. :
- heater example 3 shows NTC characteristics in the temperature range of 20 to 300.
- chlorinated vinyl chloride resin, graphite powder, and boron nitride were dispersed and kneaded, formed into a rod shape with an extrusion molding machine, and then heat treated at 2200 ° C in vacuum (less than 0.01 Pa). As a result, a substrate having a resistivity of 2.5 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm in a room temperature environment (at 20) was obtained.
- This substrate was processed into a shape of length 25 Omm ⁇ width 5 mm ⁇ thickness 0.5 mm to give a total resistance value of 2.5 ⁇ .
- the resistance change rate of heater example 4 is always positive in the temperature range from room temperature to 30 O.
- heater example 4 has a PTC characteristic rather than an NTC characteristic in the temperature range of 2 O: ⁇ 300.
- the PTC characteristic is smaller than that of the conventional Hihiyu.
- Table 1 shows the results obtained by attaching the heaters of Heating Examples 1 to 4 to the above-described heating fixing device 114 of the film heating method and measuring the temperature increase of the non-sheet passing portion of the pressure roller 6.
- the test method for temperature rise in the non-sheet-passing section is that the process speed of the image forming device is 12 Omm / sec—constant, and the envelope (COM 10) is used as a small size paper. Twenty sheets were continuously fed at three intervals of ppm, 8 ppm, and 6 ⁇ pm.
- FIG. 11A is a block diagram of the configuration of the ceramic heater 30 used in this example and the power supply control circuit system.
- Fig. 11B is an enlarged cross-sectional model view of the fixing nip part of a film heating type fixing device using three ceramic heaters as the heating source. Since the basic configuration of the fixing device of the film heating method is the same as that of the fixing device of the first embodiment except for the heater, the same components and parts as those of the fixing device of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the fixing is repeated. The explanation is omitted.
- the conventional ceramic heater 30 used in this conventional example is obtained by screen printing a resistance heating element 30a such as AgZPd, an electrode 30c30d, and a glass protective layer 30e on an alumina ceramic substrate 30b. It is the formed structure. .
- the resistance value of the resistance heating element 30a in the example (2 Ot :) at room temperature is 25.1 ⁇
- the temperature of the non-sheet passing part was measured using a thermography and the maximum temperature values were compared.
- the heater may be manufactured so that D (XV) ⁇ 0 when the heater temperature is 20 or more and 3 300.
- the difference in resistance temperature characteristics with heaters with different heat treatment temperatures occurs when the heat treatment temperature is high (1 75 or higher). This is because the ratio of the influence of the resistance value pi of the graphitized portion to the overall resistance increases, and conversely, when the heat treatment temperature is low (below 1 75 0 to 85 0 In the above case) In a state where graphitization has progressed moderately This is because the ratio of the influence of the resistance / 0 c of the non-graphitized part (including the amorphous carbon part) to the overall resistance increases.
- the heat treatment temperature is less than 8500, graphitization does not proceed so much, and a practical resistance value is not obtained.
- graphitized carbon and amorphous carbon that has not been graphitized differ in the ease of thermal decomposition.
- graphite is more thermally stable and amorphous carbon is more easily decomposed. Therefore, the degree of graphitization can be determined by measuring the change in the weight of the heater when it is heated, such as thermogravimetry (TGA: Theriiiogravimetric Analysis).
- the above heater examples 1 to 4 were thermogravimetrically measured to examine the degree of graphitization of each heater.
- thermogravimetry shows the results of thermogravimetric measurements of heater examples 1 to 4.
- a thermogravimeter Q600 manufactured by TA Instruments (USA) was used for thermogravimetry.
- thermogravimetry As the sample heating rate of the thermogravimetry, the temperature was raised from about room temperature (20) to 90 in 1O ⁇ Zmin. In addition, TGA was performed after pulverizing each of the cubs 1 to 4 in the same manner. As can be seen from Fig. 1-3, heater examples 1 to 3 where D (3 0. 01 :) is negative are differential curves (% / min) of TGA weight change at the peak (local maximum). It can be seen that the temperature value (hereinafter referred to as the decomposition peak temperature value) is not more than 7500. It can also be seen that the higher the tendency of NTC, the lower the decomposition peak temperature value.
- the first of the peaks of the time derivative of the thermogravimetric change rate of carbon is The decomposition peak temperature value that appears may be 7 5 0 or less.
- the resistance change rate D (Xt :) at a predetermined temperature XX defined by the following formula is 0.15 or less, preferably 0 or less. Therefore, it is possible to suppress an excessive temperature rise in the non-sheet passing region.
- D (Xt) [((Resistance value when heater is)-(Resistance value when heater is 20 ⁇ )) / (Resistance value when heater is 20)]]
- a carbon-based heating element containing graphite and amorphous carbon is used as the heating element.
- Graphite single crystal itself has PTC characteristics, and its resistance value is very low, so in order to achieve both NTC characteristics and resistance value optimization in the heating element, Graphite IV and amorphous carbon were mixed.
- one of the decomposition peak temperature values of TGA is at least 7500 or less.
- This configuration can be realized as follows. That is, 1) Raw materials containing organic substances are fired in vacuum or in an inert gas at a temperature not lower than 85 O and not higher than 1750. 2) If resistance value adjustment is necessary, mix insulating and semi-conductive substances into the raw material as conductive inhibitors. 3) If necessary, mix carbon powder with the raw material.
- the image heating device that forms the fixing two-ply portion with the heater and the pack-up member via the flexible member, the image heating device that can suppress the temperature rise of the non-sheet passing portion. Can provide. If such an image heating device is installed as a fixing device of an image forming apparatus, the unit time for printing a small-sized recording material It is also possible to suppress a decrease in the number of prints per hit.
- a conventional heater 30 screen-prints a resistive heating element 30 a such as AgZP d on an alumina ceramic substrate 30 b, and on the substrate 30 b. It has a fired configuration.
- thermo conductivity ⁇ is approximately 2 O WZm ⁇ K
- heat of the heating element 30 a is opposite to the printing surface side (film sliding surface side) J (non-printing) Heat transfer from the ceramic substrate 3Ob itself to the surroundings, and heat is required to heat the ceramic substrate 3Ob itself. It takes time.
- the carbon-based heating element 3 itself is already a plate-like single member
- the material of the member that is in contact with the back surface (non-printing surface side) of the heating element 3 is the other member, that is, the low thermal conductivity.
- Stage 1 also suppresses heat conduction in the direction opposite to the printing surface, making it possible to heat the heating element, film, and pressure roller more efficiently than the conventional configuration.
- the raising time can be shortened, in this example, the raising time was further shortened by applying a member having low thermal conductivity to the rear surface of the heating element.
- Example 2 using the carbon-based heating element 3 of Heater Example 1 of Example 1.
- the back material is PPS resin substrate 14 (the thickness of the substrate).
- Table 2 shows the actual start-up times of the film heating type fixing device for each configuration.
- the start-up time here is defined as the time required for the thermis evening temperature of the film heating type fixing device of each configuration to reach the target temperature control temperature from the start of energization.
- the target temperature control temperature for each component is determined as follows. That is, cool the laser beam printer including the film heating type fixing device in the L / L (15 ° C / 10%) environment (until it saturates in the LZL environment), and from that state, reduce the input power to 6 Unenclosed at 0 0 W, energization of the fixing device was started, and after 1 second when the temperature of the heat loss reached the temperature control temperature, an unfixed image with a black pattern of 5 x 5 mm was placed on the paper Neenah Pass through Bond 6 4 g / m 2 paper. Perform the above work in 5 increments, and investigate the 5 x 5 mm black pattern fixability at each temperature control temperature using the Macbeth densitometer, and the density reduction rate is 10%. The temperature control temperature below was used as the target temperature control temperature for that configuration.
- the material of the member in contact with the back side of the heating element is PPS or liquid crystal polymer. It can be seen that the start-up is quick with the greaves material such as —. It can also be seen that heat-fixing devices can be started up faster with PPS, which has a lower thermal conductivity than liquid-crystalline polymers, even for resin-based materials.
- the rise time can be shortened as long as the same material is used for the back of the heating element even in the configurations of Heating Examples 2 to 4, which are carbon-based heating elements other than Heating Example 1 of Example 1 shown in the above table. it can.
- the rise time to the predetermined temperature during fixing of the heat-fixing device is greatly reduced. I can do it.
- the member that is in contact with the non-printing surface side of the carbon-based heating element 3 is a heating and fixing device configured to serve as a heating element support member and a film guide member 1.
- the rise time to temperature can be greatly shortened, the number of parts of the heat fixing device can be reduced, and the structure can be simplified.
- the driving method of the film 2 which is a flexible member is not limited to the pressing member driving method of the embodiment.
- a drive roller may be provided on the inner peripheral surface of the endless flexible member to drive the flexible member while applying tension to the flexible member, or the flexible member may be a roll-ended end web. It is also possible to make a device configuration that travels while feeding it out.
- the pressure member 6 is not limited to a roller body, and may be a rotating belt body.
- the temperature detection element 5 is not limited to the mistake. Various types of contact type or non-contact type can be used.
- the image heating apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the fixing device of the image forming apparatus.
- the image heating apparatus that presupposes an image and the recording medium that carries the image are reheated to improve the surface properties such as gloss. It can also be used as a quality image heating device.
- This application has priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-323638 filed on January 8, 2004 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-319529 filed on November 2, 2005. The content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/345,483 US20060157464A1 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2006-02-02 | Image heating apparatus and heater for use in this apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004-323638 | 2004-11-08 | ||
| JP2004323638 | 2004-11-08 | ||
| JP2005-319529 | 2005-11-02 | ||
| JP2005319529A JP2006154802A (ja) | 2004-11-08 | 2005-11-02 | 像加熱装置及びこの装置に用いられるヒータ |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/345,483 Continuation US20060157464A1 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2006-02-02 | Image heating apparatus and heater for use in this apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006049338A1 true WO2006049338A1 (ja) | 2006-05-11 |
Family
ID=36319325
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/020762 Ceased WO2006049338A1 (ja) | 2004-11-08 | 2005-11-07 | 像加熱装置及びこの装置に用いられるヒータ |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060157464A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2006154802A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006049338A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100485548C (zh) | 2004-06-16 | 2009-05-06 | 三菱铅笔株式会社 | 电子照相方式的图像形成装置的定影用加热器及其制造方法 |
| US20070295933A1 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2007-12-27 | Mitsubishi Pencil Co., Ltd | Fixing Heater and Manufacturing Method Thereof |
| DE102007005250B3 (de) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-01-17 | Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Trockenmahlbetrieb einer Turmreibmühle und Turmreibmühle |
| JP4739314B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-02 | 2011-08-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | 発熱体ユニット及び加熱装置 |
| JP2009145568A (ja) | 2007-12-13 | 2009-07-02 | Canon Inc | 加熱体、及びその加熱体を有する像加熱装置 |
| JP5253240B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-14 | 2013-07-31 | キヤノン株式会社 | 像加熱装置及びこの像加熱装置に用いられるヒータ |
| JP2009301796A (ja) * | 2008-06-11 | 2009-12-24 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co Ltd | セラミックスヒーター及びその製造方法 |
| US7997677B2 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2011-08-16 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Convertible printer |
| JP5299848B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-28 | 2013-09-25 | 株式会社リコー | 定着装置および画像形成装置 |
| KR101873033B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-01 | 2018-07-03 | 에이치피프린팅코리아 주식회사 | 전압 공용화 화상 형성 장치 및 이의 정착 온도 제어 방법 |
| EP2680087B1 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2014-11-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Heating member and fusing apparatus including the same |
| JP5991756B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-09-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 像加熱装置 |
| JP6242181B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-20 | 2017-12-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | 定着装置 |
| JP6558913B2 (ja) | 2014-03-04 | 2019-08-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
| JP6335580B2 (ja) | 2014-03-28 | 2018-05-30 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
| JP6140650B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-28 | 2017-05-31 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 定着装置及び画像形成装置 |
| JP2016062024A (ja) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-04-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | ヒータおよび定着装置 |
| JP7109976B2 (ja) * | 2017-05-17 | 2022-08-01 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
| WO2018211968A1 (ja) | 2017-05-17 | 2018-11-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
| JP6882079B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 | 2021-06-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | 定着装置 |
| JP2018205403A (ja) | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | 定着装置および画像形成装置 |
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| JP2002372880A (ja) * | 2001-06-14 | 2002-12-26 | Mitsubishi Pencil Co Ltd | 定着装置 |
| JP2004234997A (ja) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-19 | Canon Inc | 加熱装置、画像形成装置、及び加熱体 |
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| DE68921124T2 (de) * | 1988-08-25 | 1995-07-20 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology | Heizstreifen. |
| EP0461595B1 (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1996-03-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Heating apparatus using endless film |
| US6423941B1 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2002-07-23 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image heating apparatus and heater |
| JP2000223245A (ja) * | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-11 | Mitsubishi Pencil Co Ltd | 炭素系発熱体およびその製造方法 |
| CN1138452C (zh) * | 1999-11-30 | 2004-02-11 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 红外线灯、加热装置和生产红外线灯的方法 |
| US6608976B2 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2003-08-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image heating apparatus |
| US6671471B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2003-12-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image heating apparatus |
| JP2003131502A (ja) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-05-09 | Canon Inc | イミド系摺動層を有するヒータ及びこのヒータを用いた像加熱装置 |
| JP2003107946A (ja) * | 2001-10-01 | 2003-04-11 | Takao Kawamura | 定着用ヒート・プレート、定着用半円形発熱部材、及び、ベルト式定着装置 |
| JP2004280083A (ja) * | 2003-02-27 | 2004-10-07 | Canon Inc | 像加熱装置 |
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2005
- 2005-11-02 JP JP2005319529A patent/JP2006154802A/ja active Pending
- 2005-11-07 WO PCT/JP2005/020762 patent/WO2006049338A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-02-02 US US11/345,483 patent/US20060157464A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3173800B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-25 | 2001-06-04 | 三菱鉛筆株式会社 | 炭素系発熱体の製造方法 |
| JP2002372880A (ja) * | 2001-06-14 | 2002-12-26 | Mitsubishi Pencil Co Ltd | 定着装置 |
| JP2004234997A (ja) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-19 | Canon Inc | 加熱装置、画像形成装置、及び加熱体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2006154802A (ja) | 2006-06-15 |
| US20060157464A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
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