Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
  • C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
  • C07C69/67—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
  • C07C69/708—Ethers
  • C07C69/712—Ethers the hydroxy group of the ester being etherified with a hydroxy compound having the hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
  • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
  • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
  • C22B3/302—Ethers or epoxides
  • C22B3/304—Crown ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
  • C07C2603/92—Systems containing at least three condensed rings with a condensed ring system consisting of at least two mutually uncondensed aromatic ring systems, linked by an annular structure formed by carbon chains on non-adjacent positions of the aromatic system, e.g. cyclophanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
  • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
  • C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

• the present invention relates to calix [4] arenes which effectively bind and transport alkali ions (Na + , K + ) across phase boundaries, their preparation and use.
• n 4 phenyl groups are bridged together.
• Numerous derivatives are known as a result of substitution reactions on the molecular base , Some of these derivatives show selectivity to metal ions, such as. B. Pb (II), Au (III), Ln (III) or Am (III). This selectivity can be used for chemical separations.
• calix [4] arenes whose molecular structure has been altered so that even from highly ammoniacal solutions, the alkali ions Na + and K + can be selectively removed by liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption or membrane techniques, completely dissolving other metal ions in the solution remain.
• this object can also be achieved with calixarenes which do not carry crown ether groups, as is the case in previous developments, which are summarized below.
• Calixarenes are in principle able to avoid the three disadvantages mentioned.
• crown ether groups have heretofore been incorporated into the molecule (Beer, Drew, Knubley, & Ogden (1995) J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 19, 3117-3124; Koh, Araki, Shinkai, Asfari, & Vicens (1995) Tetr. Lett., 36 (34), 6095-6098; Scheerder, Duynhoven, Engbersen, & Reinhoudt (1996) Angew Chemie, 108 (1996).
• the crown ether group has the following functions in the molecule: (i) a stiffening of the structure so that the functional groups are held in a defined, barely changeable position in space, and (ii) forming a cavity of a certain size.
• the ligand becomes selective for K + (Casnati, Pochini, Ungaro, Bocchi, Ugozzoli, Egberink, et al., (1996) Chem. Eur. , 436-445; Kim, Shon, Ko, Cho, Yu, & Vicens (2000) J. Org.
• Calixarenes without crown ether group have been proposed by Harris (Harris, McKervey, Svehla & Diamond (1992) EP 0490631 A, US Pat. No. 5,132,345) for the analytical determination of the alkali ions Na + and K +, respectively, by means of ion-sensitive electrodes.
• the group of disclosed calixarene derivatives (2) in this patent is very broad, those compounds are not included in which a phenyl ring faces in the opposite direction and the carbonyl groups simultaneously carry different substituents, as shown in (2). is shown for a cone conformation.
• the corresponding structure (3) is called a partial cone conformation.
• Partial cone conformation in structure (3), R and Rl can vary within the molecule.
• Calix [4] arenes without a cation-exchanging group were also reported by Harris et al. for analytical purposes (Cadogan, Diamond, Smyth, Deasy, McKervey, & Harris (1989) Analyst, 114 (Dec), 1551-1554).
• Calix [4] arenes can undergo additional interaction with heavier metal ions, such as K + and Cs + , which is based on the involvement of the aromatic ⁇ systems and is called the cation- ⁇ interaction (Casnati (1997) Gazz. Chim Ital., 127 (11), 637-649; Inokuchi, Miyahara, fciazu, & Shinkai (1995) Angew Chem, 107 (12), 1459-1461; Iwamoto, Araki, & Shinkai (1991) J. Org. Chem , 56 (16), 4955-4962, Iwamoto, Fujimoto, Matsuda, & Shinkai (1990) Tetr. Lett., 31 (49), 7169-7172). This is observed for conformers in alternating or partial cone conformation. A combination with a -COOH group or an application for chemical separations with respect to K + has not been reported.
• the invention has for its object to eliminate the disadvantages of the previously proposed solutions and both K + and Na + together and with high selectivity, especially on ammonium ions to bind and extract, but this cost.
• calix [4] arenes in partial cone conformation containing at least one cation-exchanging group.
• the invention therefore relates to calix [4] arenes, which (i) at least one cation-exchanging group, such as. B. -
• COOH (ii) are completely water-insoluble and can be used as an extracooling agent, and (iii) have an unsymmetrical conformation.
• alpha-halogenated alpha-halogenated
• Carboxylic acid groups may be contained in the molecule.
• the calix [4] arenes according to the invention can bind alkali ions and have a selectivity for alkali ions over ammonium ions.
• Nberib components such as K + and Na + can be separated from main components.
• conventional methods of extraction or adsorption are based on separating off the main constituent in the purification step. The new method is therefore resource-conserving.
• the calixarenes according to the invention have the following structure (4):
• R 1 H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, preferably branched alkyl groups, e.g. For example, tert-butyl, tert-octyl;
• R2, & 2 H, alkyl, alkylaryl, halogen, preferably sterically small groups, eg. H, F;
• R 4 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, alkenyl, aldynyl, preferably a water-repellent but sterically small group, e.g. Ethyl, methyl, propyl,
• Ri tert-octyl (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)
• the carbon atoms are black and the oxygen atoms are gray, hydrogen atoms are not shown ,
• the calixarenes according to the invention complex K + simultaneously with Na + , even in the presence of an excess of NH4 + / NH3. This property can be explained without restricting the subject matter of the present invention with the following structural features:
• a calix [4] arene backbone with a cavity diameter similar to that of the alkali ions Na + , K + .
• a single cation-exchanging group which may be a carboxylic acid or an alpha-halogenated carboxylic acid group, and compensates for the charge of the alkali ion in the complexation.
• a water-repellent molecular skeleton which confers to the compound advantageous properties for chemical separations: (i) water insolubility, (ii) solubility in organic diluents or good adhesion to porous organic carrier materials, (iii) good phase coalescence in the case of extraction or membrane processes.
• the compounds of the invention are compatible with other compounds, e.g. commercial extractants or other calixarenes and may be combined therewith for the purpose of chemical separations.
• the inventive method for producing the calix [4] arene is that
• a - A para-substituted phenol preferably with a branch in the para group, preferably fert-butylphenol or fe / Y-octylphenol, with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and NaOH in catalytic amounts in a high-boiling inert solvent, preferably with a boiling range of 200-260 0 C and the ability to form an azeotrope with the water of reaction, z.
• a branch in the para group preferably fert-butylphenol or fe / Y-octylphenol
• formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and NaOH in catalytic amounts in a high-boiling inert solvent, preferably with a boiling range of 200-260 0 C and the ability to form an azeotrope with the water of reaction, z.
• a branch in the para group preferably fert-butylphenol or fe / Y-o
• precursor 1 These compounds, referred to below as precursor 1, have been known as basic knowledge for several decades (Gutsche (1989) Calixarenes, (1998) Calixarenes Revisited, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, Schwetlick (2001) Organikum, Wiley-VCH).
• a base preferably a strong base with pX ⁇ ⁇ 3, and more preferably a strong template-like base such as KOalkyl, e.g. B. KO * Bu or KO ra Bu with singly or multiply halogenated, preferably in 1-position chlorinated or brominated alkyl acetate in an inert solvent of the following classes, without being limited to this list, at temperatures between -10 and +150 ° C, preferably between 10 and 50 ° C, is reacted within one day.
• Suitable solvents are substituted and unsubstituted ethers, alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, heterocycles,
• the resulting first derivative can be freed of salts by washing with dilute hydrochloric acid and by recrystallization from an inert solvent, preferably an alcohol such. B. EthanoL be cleaned.
• R2 or R3 or R2 and R3 are a halogen, preferably F or Cl.
• the first, surprisingly found templating effect is presumably caused by the organically soluble K + -containing strong base, such as KO ⁇ Bu in the first derivatization step and fixes the molecule in the desired conformation.
• the organically soluble K + -containing strong base such as KO ⁇ Bu
• Synthesis step is heated with an approximately 20-fold molar excess of acid.
• Fig. 1 and the nuclear resonance data show, only the middle of the three adjacent ester groups is hydrolytically cleaved.
• partial hydrolysis of the cowe conformer is already achieved with equimolar amounts of acid (Böhmer, et al. (1990) J. Chem. So ⁇ , Perkin Trans I, (2), 431-432).
• the compounds according to the invention are chemically extremely stable, which manifests itself in the fact that they can be run several times under alkaline (pH ⁇ 11) or acidic conditions in the cycle extraction / re-extraction without loss of separation effect, as could be shown from the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra non-toxic and completely insoluble in the aqueous phase. They are flame retardant solids and can be stored indefinitely.
• the compound of structure (4) is used alone or in admixture with other extraction or adsorption agents in a chemically inert organic diluent, preferably of low vapor pressure, e.g. As high-boiling aliphatic, dissolved or bound chemically or adsorptively on a porous support, preferably by occupying the surface of macroporous structures such.
• a chemically inert organic diluent preferably of low vapor pressure, e.g. As high-boiling aliphatic, dissolved or bound chemically or adsorptively on a porous support, preferably by occupying the surface of macroporous structures such.
• the compound In contact with aqueous solution which, in addition to K + and Na +, may also contain a large excess of salts of other metals, of ammonium, of other bases or of acids and of neutral organic compounds, the compound extracts with high selectivity the alkali ions K + and Na + and leaves the other substances in the aqueous phase.
• the alkali metal ions From the loaded organic phase or the loaded adsorber, the alkali metal ions by contacting with acid, preferably dilute solution of a strong acid, such as. B. 0.1 M sulfuric acid, in a few minutes, regardless of the temperature removed.
• the extractant is converted to the original, uncomplexed form and is available for a new cycle.
• a sensor can, for. Example, an ion-sensitive electrode, a modified field effect transistor or an optode.
• the compounds according to the invention complex and bind the K + and Na + selectively with respect to ammonium ions, other cations, anions and neutral compounds. This selectivity can be for
• THF inert solvents
• inert solvents e.g. Petroleum ether
• Reaction-accelerating additives e.g. AI can be added at the beginning. If K2CO3 (3 grams) is also added at the beginning, the by-product is a cone isomer in about 10% yield, which co-crystallizes with the main product.
• ethyl bromoacetate instead of ethyl bromoacetate, ethyl chloroacetate can be used, followed by heating to about 50.degree.
• the filtered and dried precipitate (11 grams) is dissolved in about 20 milliliters of CHCl 3 and gently heated with 11 milliliters of trifluoroacetic acid for 12 hours with stirring. Thereafter, the organic phase is washed several times with water until the neutral reaction. The solvent is stripped off and the product remains as a resinous, slightly yellowish mass which softens on heating.

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• 2004
  • 2004-08-24 DE DE102004040923A patent/DE102004040923A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2005
  • 2005-08-16 US US11/574,144 patent/US7393969B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-08-16 CA CA002577864A patent/CA2577864A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-08-16 AT AT05777554T patent/ATE498602T1/de active
  • 2005-08-16 CN CN2005800362711A patent/CN101044110B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-08-16 AU AU2005276650A patent/AU2005276650B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-08-16 WO PCT/EP2005/008865 patent/WO2006021342A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2005-08-16 EP EP05777554A patent/EP1786757B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-08-16 JP JP2007528689A patent/JP4906726B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-08-16 DE DE502005010978T patent/DE502005010978D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

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