WO2005081295A1 - 露光方法、露光装置及び露光システム並びにデバイス製造方法 - Google Patents
露光方法、露光装置及び露光システム並びにデバイス製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005081295A1 WO2005081295A1 PCT/JP2005/002538 JP2005002538W WO2005081295A1 WO 2005081295 A1 WO2005081295 A1 WO 2005081295A1 JP 2005002538 W JP2005002538 W JP 2005002538W WO 2005081295 A1 WO2005081295 A1 WO 2005081295A1
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- exposure
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- liquid
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- light
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70341—Details of immersion lithography aspects, e.g. exposure media or control of immersion liquid supply
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70425—Imaging strategies, e.g. for increasing throughput or resolution, printing product fields larger than the image field or compensating lithography- or non-lithography errors, e.g. proximity correction, mix-and-match, stitching or double patterning
- G03F7/70458—Mix-and-match, i.e. multiple exposures of the same area using a similar type of exposure apparatus, e.g. multiple exposures using a UV apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exposure method, an exposure apparatus, an exposure system, and a device manufacturing method.
- the present invention relates to an exposure method, an exposure apparatus, and an exposure system for performing multiple exposures on the same photosensitive object, and a device manufacturing method using the exposure method, the exposure apparatus, or the exposure system.
- a lithographic process for manufacturing electronic devices such as semiconductor elements (integrated circuits) and liquid crystal display elements
- an image of a pattern of a mask or a reticle (hereinafter collectively referred to as a "reticle") is projected on a projection optical system.
- a wafer or glass plate coated with a resist (photosensitive agent) through a substrate, and transferred to each shot area on a photosensitive substrate (hereinafter referred to as “substrate” or “wafer”) using a projection exposure apparatus I have.
- a step-and-repeat reduction projection exposure apparatus As this type of projection exposure apparatus, a step-and-repeat reduction projection exposure apparatus (a so-called stepper) has been widely used, but recently, a reticle and a wafer are synchronously moved in a predetermined scanning direction. Steps to perform exposure while performing •
- An “and scan” projection exposure apparatus so-called “scanning” stepper (also called a scanner) is also attracting attention.
- the resolution is improved as the wavelength (exposure wavelength) of the exposure light used becomes shorter and the numerical aperture (NA) of the projection optical system becomes larger.
- NA numerical aperture
- the depth of focus is narrower.
- resolutions such as a phase shift reticle method, a modified illumination method, a double exposure method, and a method using a combination thereof have been used.
- Various methods have been proposed for substantially increasing the depth of focus without lowering (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- it is certain that the exposure wavelength will be further shortened in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to further reduce the focal depth accordingly. Yes, new measures are needed.
- a liquid immersion method has been proposed as a method of increasing (widening) the depth of focus by using the method.
- the space between the lower surface of the projection optical system and the wafer surface is filled with a liquid such as water or an organic solvent, and the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the liquid is lZn times (n Is a refractive index of the liquid, which is usually about 1.2.1.6), and the projection optical system can improve the resolution and obtain the same resolution without using the immersion method.
- n Is a refractive index of the liquid which is usually about 1.2.1.6
- the projection optical system can improve the resolution and obtain the same resolution without using the immersion method.
- the depth of focus is expanded n times, that is, the depth of focus is expanded n times as compared with the air (for example, see Patent Document 1). 2 etc.).
- an exposure apparatus such as an exposure apparatus using an immersion method, which achieves a high resolution and a wide depth of focus by substantially shortening the wavelength of exposure light, has a problem in terms of exposure accuracy. Although it can be said that this is the most suitable exposure apparatus, such an exposure apparatus generally requires a relatively long exposure time. In particular, when the above-described double exposure method is to be performed by an exposure apparatus using the liquid immersion method, there is a concern that the throughput may decrease.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 99Z65066 pamphlet
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. 99Z49504 pamphlet
- the present invention has been made under the above circumstances.
- a first aspect in an exposure method for exposing the same photosensitive body a plurality of times, exposure light is projected onto the photosensitive body. Wherein the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the space between the projection optical system and the photosensitive object is different between at least one of the plurality of exposures and the other exposures. This is the first exposure method.
- substantially wavelength of exposure light refers to the wavelength of exposure light when the exposure light actually reaches a photosensitive object.
- photosensitive object includes an object coated with a photosensitive agent, and “multiple exposures to the same photosensitive object” means “multiple exposures to the same layer of photosensitive agent formed on the object”. Includes one exposure.
- At least one of the plurality of exposures includes a projection optical system for projecting exposure light onto the photosensitive object and a photosensitive optical system.
- the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the space between the object and the other The wavelength of the exposure light in that space in each exposure is set to be different. For this reason, for example, in the exposure where high resolution is required, the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the space between the projection optical system and the photosensitive object is shortened, and in the exposure where the resolution is not so required, the exposure light is reduced. Can be lengthened to some extent. Therefore, when performing multiple exposures on the same photosensitive object, it is possible to adopt a wavelength corresponding to the resolution required for each exposure, and as a result, realize exposure that achieves both high precision and high throughput. be able to.
- an exposure method for performing a plurality of exposures on the same photosensitive object comprising substantially exposing exposure light in a space between an optical member and the photosensitive object. Exposing the photosensitive body with the exposure light under a first exposure condition having a first wavelength; and substantially exposing the exposure light in a space between the optical member and the photosensitive object. Exposing the photosensitive object with the exposure light under a second exposure condition in which a wavelength is a second wavelength different from the first wavelength. is there.
- the first wavelength at which the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the space between the optical member and the photosensitive object is the first wavelength.
- Under a second exposure condition having a wavelength the photosensitive object is exposed to exposure light.
- the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the space between the projection optical system and the photosensitive object is shortened, and in the exposure where the resolution is not so required, the substantial exposure light is reduced.
- the target wavelength to some extent.
- an exposure apparatus that performs a plurality of exposures on the same photosensitive object, comprising: a stage for holding the photosensitive object; and exposing exposure light onto the photosensitive object.
- a projection optical system for projecting ; an adjusting device for adjusting a substantial wavelength of the exposure light in a space between the projection optical system and the photosensitive object; and A control device that controls the adjusting device so that at least one of the plurality of exposures on the object has a substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the space that is different from the wavelength in another exposure.
- An exposure apparatus comprising:
- the above-described adjusting device and control device when performing the multiple exposures on the same photosensitive object, at least one of the multiple exposures is performed. Determines the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the space between the projection optical system that projects the exposure light onto the photosensitive object and the photosensitive object, in a space between the projection optical system and the other of the plurality of exposures. It can be different from the wavelength of the exposure light in space. Thus, for example, in the exposure in which high resolution is required, the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the space between the projection optical system and the photosensitive object is shortened, and in the exposure in which the resolution is not so required, The substantial wavelength of the exposure light can be lengthened to some extent. Therefore, when performing multiple exposures on the same photosensitive object, it is possible to use a wavelength corresponding to the resolution required for each exposure, and as a result, achieve exposure that achieves both high precision and high throughput. can do.
- an exposure system for exposing the same photosensitive object a plurality of times, the projection optical system projecting exposure light onto the photosensitive object, and the photosensitive object.
- a first exposure device in which the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the space between the first exposure device and the first exposure device has a predetermined length; and a space between the projection optical system that projects the exposure light onto the photosensitive object and the photosensitive object.
- a second exposure device wherein a substantial wavelength of the exposure light is longer than the predetermined length.
- the first and second exposure devices having substantially different wavelengths of the exposure light in the space between the projection optical system and the photosensitive object are provided, the same photosensitive object is provided.
- the first and second exposure apparatuses for example, when high resolution is required, use the first exposure apparatus described above to set the distance between the projection optical system and the photosensitive object. In the space The exposure is performed by shortening the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the exposure, and in the exposure where the resolution is not so much required, the exposure is performed by increasing the substantial wavelength of the exposure light to some extent using the second exposure apparatus. It can be carried out. Therefore, when performing multiple exposures on the same photosensitive object, it is possible to adopt an exposure method that is advantageous in terms of time according to the resolution required for each exposure, resulting in high precision and high accuracy. Exposure compatible with high throughput can be realized.
- the present invention is a device manufacturing method including a lithographic process for exposing a photosensitive object a plurality of times by executing the exposure method of the present invention.
- the present invention can be said to be a device manufacturing method including a lithographic process of transferring a device pattern onto a photosensitive object using any of the exposure apparatus and the exposure system of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a configuration of a lithography system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing a configuration of an exposure apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a Z tilt stage and a wafer holder.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a liquid supply / drainage system.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a main configuration of a control system of the exposure apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a pattern formed on a wafer by double exposure.
- FIG. 7 (A) is a diagram showing an example of a reticle used for double exposure.
- FIG. 7 (B) is a view showing an example of another reticle used for double exposure.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a processing algorithm of a host computer system constituting the exposure system of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a processing algorithm executed by a main controller of the exposure apparatus instructed in accordance with the instruction in step 207 of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a processing algorithm executed by the main control device of the exposure apparatus instructed in response to the instruction in step 213 of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a view schematically showing a configuration of an exposure apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a reticle stage.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a stage device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a processing algorithm at the time of an exposure operation in the exposure apparatus of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a device manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing details of step 804 in FIG. 15.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of a lithography system 110 as an exposure system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the lithography system 110 includes N exposure apparatuses 100-100, a terminal server 150, a host computer system 160, and the like.
- the host computer system 160 is connected to the terminal server 150.
- a communication path between the host computer system (hereinafter, simply referred to as “host”) 160 is secured, and communication between the host 160 and the exposure apparatus 100-100 is performed using this communication path. Done.
- Each of the exposure apparatuses 100-100 is a projection exposure apparatus of a step 'and' repeat method.
- It may be an optical device, a so-called stepper, or a step-and-scan type projection exposure device, that is, a scanning 'stepper (also called a scanner).
- a scanning 'stepper also called a scanner.
- all of the exposure apparatuses 100—100 are scanning steps.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an exposure apparatus 100 that is a representative of the exposure apparatuses 100-100 in FIG.
- the exposure apparatus 100 includes an illumination system 10 and a reticle R.
- the apparatus includes a stage device 50 including a wafer stage WST on which a wafer stage W on which a wafer W as a photosensitive object is mounted, a projection unit PU, a projection unit PU, and a control system thereof.
- the illumination system 10 has a uniform illuminance including a light source, an optical integrator, and the like as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-313250 and US Patent Application Publication No. 2003Z0025890 corresponding thereto.
- a slit-shaped illumination area (reticle plumbing) that extends in the X-axis direction (left and right in the paper plane in FIG. 2) on the reticle R on which a circuit pattern and the like are drawn.
- Exposure light IL is illuminated with exposure light IL as an energy beam with almost uniform illuminance.
- an ArF excimer laser beam (wavelength: 193 nm) is used as the exposure light IL, for example.
- far-ultraviolet light such as KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm) or bright lines (g-line, i-line, etc.) in the ultraviolet region of an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp as the exposure light IL.
- the optical integrator a fly-eye lens, a rod integrator (internal reflection type integrator), a diffractive optical element, or the like can be used.
- the illumination system 10 may be configured similarly to the illumination system disclosed in, for example, JP-A-6-349701 and the corresponding US Pat. No. 5,534,970. To the extent permitted by national laws of the designated country (or selected elected country) designated in this international application, this specification is incorporated herein by reference to the above publications and corresponding U.S. patent application publications or U.S. patent disclosures. It is part of the description.
- the condition of the exposure light IL emitted from the illumination system 10, that is, various illumination conditions can be set by the main controller 20.
- a reticle R force is fixed on the reticle stage RST by, for example, vacuum suction.
- the reticle stage RST is, for example, aligned with the optical axis of the illumination system 10 (the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL described later) by a reticle stage driving section 11 including a linear motor or the like (not shown in FIG. 2 but see FIG. 5). ), And can be driven at a scanning speed specified in a predetermined scanning direction (here, the Y-axis direction, which is orthogonal to the paper surface in Fig. 2). ! /
- reticle interferometer reticle laser interferometer
- a moving mirror having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the Y-axis direction and a moving mirror having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the X-axis direction are provided on the reticle stage RST.
- a force provided with a reticle Y-axis interferometer and a reticle X-axis interferometer are shown as a movable mirror 15 and a reticle interferometer 16 in FIG.
- the reticle Y-axis interferometer is a two-axis interferometer having two measurement axes, and the measured value of the reticle Y-axis interferometer is Based on this, in addition to the position of the reticle stage RST in the Y-axis direction (Y position), rotation in the 0 z (rotation around the Z-axis) direction can be measured.
- Position information of reticle stage RST measured by reticle interferometer 16 is supplied to stage controller 19 and main controller 20 via the same.
- the stage control device 19 drives and controls the reticle stage RST via the reticle stage drive unit 11 based on the position information of the reticle stage RST in response to an instruction from the main control device 20.
- the projection unit PU is arranged below the reticle stage RST in FIG.
- the projection unit PU includes a lens barrel 40 and a projection optical system PL having a plurality of optical element forces held in a predetermined positional relationship within the lens barrel 40.
- the projection optical system PL for example, a plurality of lenses (lens elements) having both sides telecentric and having a common optical axis AX in the Z-axis direction, and having a predetermined projection magnification (for example, 1Z4 times, 1Z5 times, or 1Z8) Has been used.
- the exposure light IL from the illumination system 10 When the illumination area on the reticle R is illuminated, the exposure light IL passing through the reticle R causes a reduced image of the circuit pattern of the reticle R in the illumination area via the projection unit PU (projection optical system PL). (Reduced image of part of circuit pattern) Force Formed on wafer W with resist (photosensitive agent) applied to the surface.
- this exposure apparatus 100 exposure is performed by a liquid immersion method as described later, and
- the projection optical system PL As the number NA increases, the opening on the reticle R side increases. For this reason, it becomes difficult to satisfy the Petzval condition in a refractive optical system including only lenses, and the projection optical system tends to be large.
- a catadioptric system including a mirror and a lens may be employed as the projection optical system PL.
- a reflection system that does not include a refraction system may be used as the projection optical system PL.
- a specific plurality of lenses among a plurality of lenses constituting a force projection optical system PL are formed based on an instruction from main controller 20 to form an imaging characteristic correction controller.
- an imaging characteristic correction controller Controlled by the mirror 181 (see Fig. 5), it is possible to adjust the optical characteristics (including the imaging characteristics) of the projection optical system PL, such as magnification, distortion, coma, and field curvature (including the image plane tilt).
- the most image side (wafer W side) of projection optical system PL is the most image side (wafer W side) of projection optical system PL
- Liquid is locally supplied between the lens, that is, the front lens (hereinafter referred to as “the front lens”) 42 and the wafer stage WST, or between the front lens 42 and the wafer stage WST.
- a liquid supply / drainage system 32 is provided. The configuration and the like of the liquid supply / discharge system 32 will be described later.
- the stage device 50 includes a wafer stage WST, a wafer holder 70 provided on the wafer stage WST, a wafer stage driving unit 124 for driving the wafer stage WST, and the like.
- the wafer stage WST is disposed below the projection optical system PL in FIG. 2 on a base (not shown), and is driven in a ⁇ direction by a linear motor or the like (not shown) constituting the stage drive unit 124.
- a tilt drive mechanism (not shown) that is mounted on the XY stage 52 and constitutes a Ueno / stage drive unit 124.
- the tilt direction with respect to the ⁇ axis direction and the tilt direction (the rotation direction around the X axis ( ⁇ X direction) and ⁇ axis ⁇ ⁇ Tilt stage 51 that is minutely driven in the rotation direction (6y direction).
- the wafer holder 70 for holding the wafer W is mounted on the tilt stage 51.
- the wafer holder 70 has one side of a square ⁇ -tilt stage 51 in a peripheral portion of a region (central circular region) on which the wafer W is placed.
- a specific shaped body with two diagonal corners protruding from each other, and the two diagonal corners located on the other diagonal are 1Z4 arcs that are slightly larger than the aforementioned circular area.
- the surfaces of these auxiliary plates 72a-72d are almost the same height as the surface of the wafer W (the difference between the heights is within 1 mm).
- the auxiliary plates 72a to 72d are partially formed on the wafer stage WST !, but are formed so as to entirely cover the wafer stage WST so that the upper surface of the wafer stage WST is substantially at the same height. It may be (same flush). In this case, the upper surfaces of the movable mirrors 17X and 17Y should be approximately the same height as the auxiliary plate.
- the surface of the auxiliary plates 72a-72d does not necessarily have to be at the same height as the surface of the wafer W. If the liquid Lq can be favorably maintained on the image plane side of the tip lens 42, the auxiliary plates 72a-72d There may be a step between the surface of 72d and the surface of wafer W.
- a gap D exists between each of the auxiliary plates 72a to 72d and the wafer W, and the dimension of the gap D is set to be 0.1 mm or less. Is set to. Further, the force of the notch (V-shaped notch) in a part of the wafer W is omitted because the notch has a dimension of about 1 mm.
- a circular opening is formed in a part of the auxiliary plate 72a, and a fiducial mark plate FM is fitted into the opening such that there is no gap.
- the surface of the fiducial mark plate FM is flush with the auxiliary plate 72a.
- Reference mark plate On the surface of the FM, there are formed various reference marks (the deviation is not shown) used for a baseline measurement of a reticle alignment system, which will be described later.
- the XY stage 52 not only moves in the scanning direction (Y-axis direction), but also exposes a plurality of shot areas on the wafer W to an exposure area IA (FIG. See) It is also configured to be movable in the non-scanning direction (X-axis direction) orthogonal to the scanning direction, so that each shot area on the wafer w can be scanned (scanned) and exposed to the next shot. Step-and-scan operation that repeats the operation of moving to the acceleration start position (scanning start position) for exposure (movement operation between shot areas).
- the position of the wafer stage WST in the XY plane (including the rotation around the Z axis ((z rotation)) is determined by the wafer laser interferometer via the movable mirror 17 provided on the upper surface of the ⁇ ⁇ tilt stage 51. (Hereinafter referred to as a “wafer interferometer”.) 18 It is always detected with a resolution of, for example, about 0.5-lnm.
- the tilt stage 51 as shown in FIG. 3, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the moving mirror 17Y having a reflecting surface orthogonal to the scanning direction ( ⁇ -axis direction) and the non-scanning direction (
- An X-moving mirror 17X having a reflecting surface orthogonal to (X-axis direction) is provided, and in response thereto, the wafer interferometer irradiates the X-moving mirror 17X with an interferometer beam perpendicular to the X-axis interferometer.
- a vertical axis interferometer that irradiates the moving mirror 17Y with the interferometer beam vertically is provided, these are typically shown as a moving mirror 17 and a wafer interferometer 18 in FIG.
- the X-axis interferometer and the ⁇ -axis interferometer of the wafer interferometer 18 are both multi-axis interferometers having a plurality of measurement axes, and these interferometers use the wafer stage WST (more precisely, In addition to the X and ⁇ positions of the tilt stage 51), rotation (jowing (rotation around the ⁇ axis ⁇ ⁇ rotation), pitching (rotation around the X axis ⁇ X rotation), and rolling (rotation around the ⁇ axis) Some ⁇ y rotations) can also be measured.
- the end surface of the tilt stage 51 may be mirror-finished to form a reflecting surface (corresponding to the reflecting surfaces of the moving mirrors 17X and 17Y).
- the multi-axis interferometer tilts the laser beam by 45 ° through a reflecting surface provided on the wafer stage WST and a reflecting surface provided on a mount (not shown) on which the projection cutout PU is mounted. Irradiation may be performed to detect relative position information in the optical axis direction ( ⁇ -axis direction) of the projection unit PU.
- Position information (or speed information) of wafer stage WST is supplied to stage controller 19 and main controller 20 via the same.
- the stage control device 19 controls the ueno and the stage WST via the head and stage drive unit 124 based on the position information (or speed information) of the wafer stage WST in accordance with an instruction from the main control device 20.
- the drainage system 32 includes a liquid supply device 5 as a liquid supply mechanism, a liquid recovery device 6, a supply tube 21, 22, 27, 28 connected to the liquid supply device 5, and a recovery tube connected to the liquid recovery device 6. 23, 24, 29, 30 etc.
- the liquid supply device 5 includes a liquid tank, a pressurizing pump, a temperature control device, and a plurality of liquid supply units (not shown) for controlling the supply of liquid to the supply pipes 21, 22, 27, and 28. It is configured to include a valve and the like. It is desirable to use a flow control valve as each knob so that, for example, not only the supply of the liquid is stopped but also the flow rate can be adjusted.
- the temperature control device adjusts the temperature of the liquid in the liquid tank to a temperature substantially equal to the temperature in a chamber (not shown) in which the main body of the exposure apparatus mainly including the projection unit PU or the like is housed. .
- the supply pipe 21 has one end connected to the liquid supply device 5 and the other end branched into three, and the supply nozzles 2 la, 21 b, and 21 c each having a tapered nozzle are formed at each branch end. (Or is provided).
- the tips of the supply nozzles 21a, 21b, and 21c are located near the above-mentioned tip lens 42 (see FIG. 2), are spaced at a predetermined interval in the X-axis direction, and are exposed in the exposure area IA (the illumination area on the slit described above). (A region on the image plane conjugate to the image plane) on the + Y side.
- the supply nozzles 21b and 21c are arranged substantially symmetrically about the supply nozzle 21a.
- the supply pipe 22 has one end connected to the liquid supply device 5 and the other end branched into three, and formed at each branch end with supply nozzles 22a, 22b, and 22c formed of tapered nozzles. (Or provided).
- the tips of these supply nozzles 22a, 22b, 22c are located near the tip lens 42, and are arranged at predetermined intervals in the X-axis direction and close to the Y side of the exposure area IA.
- the supply nozzles 22a, 22b, 22c are arranged to face the supply nozzles 21a, 21b, 21c with the exposure area IA interposed therebetween.
- the supply pipe 27 has one end connected to the liquid supply device 5 and the other end formed (or provided) with a supply nozzle 27a having a tapered nozzle force.
- the tip of the supply nozzle 27a is located near the tip lens 42, and is arranged close to the X side of the exposure area IA.
- the supply pipe 28 has one end connected to the liquid supply device 5, and the other end having a tapered nozzle.
- a supply nozzle 28a is formed (or provided) which also has a force.
- the tip of the supply nozzle 28a is located near the tip lens 42, close to the + X side of the exposure area IA, and opposed to the supply nozzle 27a across the exposure area IA.
- a tank for supplying a liquid, a pressurizing pump, a temperature control device, a knob, and the like do not need to be all provided in the exposure apparatus 100, and at least a part thereof is not required to be provided in the exposure apparatus 100.
- the liquid recovery device 6 is configured to include a liquid tank and a suction pump, and a plurality of valves for controlling the recovery and stop of the liquid via the recovery pipes 23, 24, 29, and 30, respectively. ing. As each valve, it is desirable to use a flow control valve corresponding to the knob on the side of the liquid supply device 5 described above.
- the recovery pipe 23 has one end connected to the liquid recovery device 6, the other end branched into two branches, and recovery nozzles 23a and 23b each formed of a divergent nozzle cap are formed at each branch end (or, respectively). Provided). In this case, the recovery nozzles 23a and 23b are alternately arranged between the supply nozzles 22a and 22c. The tip of each of the recovery nozzles 23a and 23b and the tip of each of the supply nozzles 22a, 22b and 22c are arranged substantially on the same straight line parallel to the X axis.
- the recovery pipe 24 has one end connected to the liquid recovery device 6, the other end bifurcated, and recovery nozzles 24a and 24b each formed of a divergent nozzle cap formed at each branch end (or Provided).
- the collection nozzles 24a and 24b are arranged alternately between the supply nozzles 21a and 21c and opposed to the collection nozzles 23a and 23b with the exposure area IA interposed therebetween.
- the tip of each of the recovery nozzles 24a and 24b and the tip of each of the supply nozzles 21a, 21b and 21c are arranged substantially on the same straight line parallel to the X axis.
- the recovery pipe 29 has one end connected to the liquid recovery device 6, the other end branched into two branches, and recovery nozzles 29a and 29b each formed of a divergent nozzle cap are formed at each branch end (or, respectively). Provided). These recovery nozzles 29a and 29b are arranged so as to sandwich the supply nozzle 28a. The tips of the recovery nozzles 29a and 29b and the supply nozzle 28a are arranged substantially on the same straight line parallel to the Y axis.
- the collection tube 30 has one end connected to the liquid collection device 6 and the other end bifurcated. Each branch end is formed (or provided) with a recovery nozzle 30a, 30b formed of a divergent nozzle at each branch end. These recovery nozzles 30a and 30b are arranged to face the recovery nozzles 29a and 29b with the supply nozzle 27a therebetween and with the exposure region IA therebetween. The respective tips of the recovery nozzles 30a, 30b and the supply nozzle 27a are arranged substantially on the same straight line parallel to the Y axis.
- the exposure apparatus 100 does not need to have all of the tank, suction pump, valve, and the like for recovering the liquid.
- the liquid is ArF excimer laser light (light having a wavelength of 193 nm).
- Ultra-pure water (hereinafter simply referred to as “water” unless otherwise required) shall be used. Ultrapure water can be easily obtained in large quantities at a semiconductor manufacturing plant or the like, and has the advantage of less adverse effects on a resist (photosensitive agent) applied on the wafer W, an optical lens, and the like. In addition, since ultrapure water has no adverse effect on the environment and has a very low impurity content, an effect of cleaning the surface of the wafer W and the surface of the tip lens 42 can be expected.
- the refractive index n of water with respect to ArF excimer laser light is approximately 1.44.
- the liquid supply device 5 and the liquid recovery device 6 each include a controller, and each controller is controlled by the main controller 20 (see FIG. 5). For example, when the wafer W is moved in the direction indicated by the solid arrow A in FIG. 4 (the one Y direction), the controller of the liquid supply device 5 connects to the supply pipe 21 in accordance with an instruction from the main control device 20. The connected valve is opened at a predetermined opening, the other valves are fully closed, and a force is applied between the tip lens 42 and the wafer W in the Y direction through the supply nozzles 21a-21c provided in the supply pipe 21. Supply water.
- the controller of the liquid recovery device 6 opens the valve connected to the recovery pipe 23 at a predetermined opening, fully closes the other valves, and sets the recovery nozzle 23a , 23b, the water is collected into the liquid collecting device 6 from between the tip lens 42 and the wafer W.
- main controller 20 collects the amount of water supplied from supply nozzles 21a-21c between head lens 42 and wafer W in the Y direction and recovery nozzles 23a and 23b. Is always equal to the amount of water Thus, a command is given to the liquid supply device 5 and the liquid recovery device 6. Therefore, the water Lq held between the tip lens 42 and the wafer W is constantly replaced. The total amount of held water is always constant.
- the controller of the liquid supply device 5 When the wafer W is moved in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow A ′ in FIG. 4 (+ Y direction), the controller of the liquid supply device 5 similarly issues an instruction from the main controller 20. In response to this, the valve connected to the supply pipe 22 is opened at a predetermined opening, the other valves are fully closed, and the tip lens 42 and the wafer W are connected through the supply nozzles 22a-22c provided in the supply pipe 22. During the supply of water in the + Y direction, the controller of the liquid recovery device 6 opens the valve connected to the recovery pipe 24 at a predetermined opening in accordance with an instruction from the main control device 20, and opens the valve. The other valve is fully closed, and water is recovered into the liquid recovery device 6 from between the tip lens 42 and the wafer W via the recovery nozzles 24a and 24b.
- the exposure area IA is interposed in the Y-axis direction.
- a supply nozzle group and a collection nozzle group, which form a pair, are provided on one side and the other side. Therefore, even when the wafer is moved in either the + Y direction or the Y direction, , W and the tip lens 42 are constantly filled with water.
- the wafer W since water flows on the wafer W, even if foreign matter (including particles scattered from the resist) adheres to the wafer W, the foreign matter can be washed away by the water. Further, since water adjusted to a predetermined temperature is supplied by the liquid supply device 5 and the bracket water is constantly replaced, even if the exposure light IL is irradiated onto the wafer W during the exposure, the wafer W and the Heat is exchanged between the water flowing on the wafer W and the temperature of the wafer surface can be suppressed. In the exposure apparatus 100, the same direction as the direction in which the wafer W is moved is used.
- the controller of the liquid supply device 5 similarly issues an instruction from the main control device 20.
- the valve connected to the supply pipe 27 is opened at a predetermined opening, and the other valves are fully closed, and between the tip lens 42 and the wafer W via the supply nozzle 27a provided in the supply pipe 27.
- the controller of the liquid recovery device 6 In response to the instruction from the device 20, the valve connected to the collection pipe 29 is opened at a predetermined opening, the other valves are fully closed, and between the tip lens 42 and the wafer W through the collection nozzles 29a and 29b. The water is recovered inside the liquid recovery device 6.
- the controller of the liquid supply device 5 When moving the wafer W in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow B ′ in FIG. 4 (the direction X), the controller of the liquid supply device 5 similarly issues an instruction from the main control device 20.
- the valve connected to the supply pipe 28 is opened at a predetermined opening, the other valves are fully closed, and the gap between the tip lens 42 and the wafer W is supplied through the supply nozzle 28a provided in the supply pipe 28 according to
- the controller of the liquid recovery device 6 opens the valve connected to the recovery pipe 30 at a predetermined opening in accordance with an instruction from the main control device 20, and opens other valves.
- the lube is fully closed, and water is recovered into the liquid recovery device 6 from the force between the tip lens 42 and the wafer W via the recovery nozzles 30a and 30b.
- a nozzle for supplying and recovering diagonal water may be provided, for example, in addition to a nozzle for supplying and recovering water in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction.
- the liquid supply / drainage system 32 has a configuration! If the space between the lowermost optical member (tip lens) 42 of the projection optical system PL and the wafer W can be filled with liquid. ⁇ Anything may be acceptable.
- a liquid immersion mechanism disclosed in WO2004Z053955 pamphlet and a liquid immersion mechanism disclosed in European Patent Publication No. 1420298 can also be applied to the exposure apparatus of the present embodiment.
- a holding member (not shown) for holding projection unit PU includes an irradiation system 9
- a multi-point focal point position detection system of the oblique incidence type is further provided.
- the out-of-focus signal (defocus signal) output from the multipoint focus position detection system (90a, 90b) is supplied to the stage controller 19 and the main controller 20 via the same.
- the main controller 20 calculates the Z position and ⁇ X, ⁇ y rotation of the wafer surface based on a defocus signal (defocus signal) from the light receiving system 90b, for example, an S-curve signal at the time of scanning exposure to be described later.
- the calculated position of the wafer surface and the rotation of ⁇ X, ⁇ y are such that the difference from their target values becomes zero, that is, the defocus is reduced to zero.
- the irradiation area of the exposure light IL Auto-focusing (auto-focusing) and auto-leveling that substantially match the image plane of the projection optical system PL and the surface of the wafer within a region conjugate with the wafer.
- the description in this specification is incorporated by reference to the disclosure in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-283403 and the corresponding US patents.
- FIG. 5 shows a main configuration of a control system of exposure apparatus 100. This control system
- main controller 20 which also functions as a microcomputer (or a workstation) for controlling the entire apparatus as a whole, and a stage controller 19 thereunder.
- main controller 20 is connected to LAN 170 (see FIG. 1). That is, communication is performed between the host 160 shown in FIG. Further, main controller 20 includes a coater (not shown) provided alongside exposure apparatus 100 (developer).
- the CZD also has a baking device for performing a post-exposure bake (PEB).
- PEB post-exposure bake
- a resistance heating method, an infrared heating method, or the like can be used as such a baking apparatus.
- PE B is performed for the purpose of promoting a catalytic reaction after exposure of the chemically amplified resist.
- Exposure system has the same configuration as the exposure system 100, and each has a CZD
- the exposure is performed by a liquid immersion method in the same manner as the exposure apparatus 100 described above.
- normal exposure so-called dry exposure
- immersion exposure is used instead of immersion exposure
- the immersion lithography system 110 requires immersion exposure when performing overlay exposure or multiple exposure.
- each exposure apparatus 100 (its main controller 20) communicates with a host 160 via a LAN 170 and a terminal server 150, and responds to an instruction from the host 160. To execute various control operations.
- the terminal server 150 is configured as a gateway processor for absorbing the difference between the communication protocol of the LAN 170 and the communication protocol of the host 160.
- the function of the terminal server 150 enables communication between the host 160 and the exposure apparatuses 100-100 connected to the LAN 170.
- the host 160 is a manufacturing management system (MES: Manufacturing Execution System) including a large-sized computer.
- MES Manufacturing Execution System
- the manufacturing management system (MES) is a computer that manages and analyzes all processes, equipment, conditions, and work data of each product flowing on the production line, thereby improving quality, improving yield, and reducing work errors. This is a system that supports more efficient production such as reduction.
- the host 160 may be a computer other than the MES, for example, a dedicated computer.
- any of a bus LAN and a ring LAN can be adopted.
- a carrier-type medium access Z-contention detection (CSMAZCD) -based bus LAN of the IEEE802 standard is used.
- the number of wafers in one lot is determined based on the time required to maintain the performance of a photosensitive agent (such as an amplifying-type resist) applied to the surface of each wafer by a coater in the CZD of the exposure apparatus 100. Is set. In other words, the time until all the operations (including the transfer operation) from the application of the photosensitive agent to one wafer to the development of the color is completed can maintain the resist performance.
- the number of wafers in one lot is set so as not to exceed the possible time. In the first embodiment, it is assumed that the number of sheets in one lot is 25 as an example.
- the circuit pattern IP including the gate pattern P1 shown in FIG. 6 is transferred and formed by the exposure operation in the lithography system 110 according to the first embodiment.
- this gate pattern P1 is composed of a thin line pattern elongated in the Y-axis direction and having a width dYl and a superposition pattern formed at both ends thereof having a wider width dY2. It is an isolated line.
- the gate pattern P1 is shown in an enlarged manner in the circuit pattern IP, and other patterns (for example, wiring patterns) are not shown.
- the width dYl of the fine line pattern is determined by the projection optical system P such as the exposure apparatus 100 that does not perform immersion exposure.
- the width is about the resolution limit of L or slightly smaller than this resolution limit.
- the exposure wavelength in the exposure apparatus 100 be NA
- the numerical aperture of the projection optical system PL be NA.
- the resolution limit of the projection optical system PL is approximately kl′ ⁇ using a predetermined process coefficient kl, so that the width dYl of the fine line pattern is about kl′ ⁇ / ⁇ or slightly less than this. It shall be thin.
- the width dY 2 of the overlay pattern in the X-axis direction is set to be about 1.5 times as large as its resolution limit.
- the portion of the thin line pattern of the gate pattern P 1 is a pattern to be a gate electrode of a field-effect transistor, for example. In actual devices, tens of millions of such gate patterns are formed. The thinner the gate electrode is formed, and the more the line width is constant in all parts of the device, the more the operation of the electronic device Speed is improved.
- a gate pattern P1 on the wafer W for example, a positive resist is applied on the wafer W, and a reticle having a light-shielding pattern enlarged to a shape similar to this is prepared. Then, the reduced image may be transferred onto the wafer W by the exposure apparatus 100 or the like.
- the exposure apparatus 100 etc. accurately and appropriately focuses a pattern image finer than its resolution limit.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are views when looking at the pattern surface of reticles 9A and 9B.
- reticle stage RST When reticles 9A and 9B are placed on reticle stage RST, each reticle is moved to the Z side. It becomes a figure when you see the power.
- a pattern area PA1 is formed on reticle 9A.
- a light-shielding pattern A1 made of a light-shielding film similar in shape to the gate pattern P1 shown in FIG. 6 (more precisely, multiplied by 1Z ⁇ ) is formed.
- the width of the portion corresponding to the overlapping pattern in the light shielding pattern A1 is the same as the width of the overlapping pattern, but the width of the portion corresponding to the fine line pattern is the same as or smaller than the width of the fine line pattern. It is set to be wider than This prevents the line width of the fine line pattern from becoming narrower than a desired width due to exposure of an image near the resolution limit.
- a pattern region # 2 is formed on reticle 9 #.
- LZS line 'and' space
- FIG. 7B a region corresponding to the gate pattern P1 shown in FIG. 6 is indicated by a dotted line.
- the LZS pattern B1 has four dYl widths so as to sandwich (contact) the area corresponding to the thin line pattern in the gate pattern A1 shown in FIG. 7 (A).
- the X-axis direction ie, This is a pattern arranged at a pitch of approximately 2 ′ dYl (in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate pattern PI).
- a dimming type Norph tone type phase shifter that shifts the phase of the transmitted light by 180 ° with respect to the transmission pattern, and sets the transmittance to, for example, about 3 to 10%.
- the light-attenuating phase shift portion may be a complete light-shielding pattern.
- the number of transmission patterns of the LZS pattern B1 is not limited to four, and may be any number.
- a pattern corresponding to the gate pattern is a light-shielding pattern shown in FIG. 7A
- a negative resist is used because a positive resist is used.
- the pattern corresponding to the gate pattern is, of course, a transmission pattern.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a processing algorithm of the host 160 when performing double exposure using a reticle 9A and a reticle 9B on one lot of wafers. It is assumed that the wafer W to be exposed has already been subjected to one or more layers of exposure, and the current double exposure process is referred to as the “current process”.
- the processing algorithm of the host 160 shown in the flowchart of FIG. 8 starts when the preparation of the exposure processing corresponding to the process program for processing the wafer W of the lot is started.
- the host 160 determines the exposure device that exposes one lot of wafers W as the neutral force of the exposure device 100-100.
- the exposure in the current process is
- the double exposure can be performed by one exposure apparatus.
- the double exposure is performed by using two exposure apparatuses.
- operations such as reticle exchange in one exposure apparatus can be omitted, which is advantageous in terms of throughput.
- an exposure apparatus that performs immersion exposure is selected for one apparatus, and an exposure apparatus that does not perform immersion exposure is selected for the remaining apparatus.
- the exposure apparatus 100 is selected as the exposure apparatus that does not perform the immersion exposure.
- exposure apparatus 100 is selected as the exposure apparatus to be used.
- the exposure device 100 is assumed that exposure apparatus 100 is selected as the exposure apparatus to be used.
- the configuration of 1 i + i is shown in FIG. 2 except that the liquid supply / drainage system 32 is not provided as described above. This is the same as the configuration of the exposure apparatus 100 to be performed.
- the host 160 instructs the transport system (not shown) to transport the reticle.
- the reticle 9A is transferred to the exposure apparatus 100 by a transport system (not shown) in the factory.
- the reticle 9B is transported to the exposure apparatus 100 after being transported by j + i.
- the reticle transported to the reticle is transported by a reticle transport system (not shown), and the reticle of the exposure apparatus 100 and the reticle of the exposure apparatus 100 are aligned with high precision (blurred alignment).
- Each stage is loaded on RST.
- the host 160 sends one lot of wafers W to be exposed to the exposure apparatus.
- the wafer W of one lot to be exposed this time has a predetermined front orb-j + i
- FOUP Front Opening Unified Pod
- the wafer W can be taken out into the exposure apparatus 100.
- the host 160 instructs the exposure apparatus 100 to expose the wafer W.
- FIG. 9 shows the operation performed by main controller 20 when performing an exposure operation in exposure apparatus 100.
- step 301 the first wafer (lot head) W in the lot is loaded. Prior to this loading, the coating of the resist by the coater in the CZD (not shown) was completed on the wafer W, and the wafer W was transported by the transport system (not shown), and the bria alignment was performed. Later, it is transferred to wafer holder 70 on wafer stage WST. Prior to loading, the wafer W is taken out of the FOUP by a transfer system (not shown) and transferred to the CZD coater of the exposure apparatus 100, and the surface of the wafer W is transferred by the coater.
- This chemically amplified resist includes a resist composed of a base resin, a photo acid generator (PAG; Photo Acid Generator), and the like, and further includes a dissolution inhibitor, a crosslinking agent, and the like.
- resist coating in this coater Is performed in the order of exposure for Ueno and W in the FOUP independently and asynchronously with the exposure operation in this flowchart.
- preparation processing such as a reticle alignment system (not shown) and a reticle alignment using the above-described reference mark plate FM and the like, a baseline measurement using an alignment system (not shown), and the like are performed.
- EGA Enhanced 'Global' Arrangement
- JP-A-61-44429 and the corresponding US Pat. No. 4,780,617, etc. Wafer alignment is performed.
- national laws of the designated country (or selected elected country) designated in this international application the disclosures in the above-mentioned gazettes and corresponding US patents are incorporated herein by reference.
- the stage controller 19 monitors the measured values of the wafer interferometer 18 and the reticle interferometer 16 according to the instruction of the main controller 20, and based on the result of the wafer alignment, By controlling the reticle stage driving unit 11 and the ueno / stage driving unit 124, scanning exposure of each shot area is performed.
- the main controller 20 controls the illumination operation by the illumination system 10 in accordance with the control operation of the stage controller 19 as in the ordinary scanner.
- stage control device 19 determines the movement speed Vr of reticle stage RST in the Y-axis direction and the movement speed Vw of wafer stage WST in the Y-axis direction by projection optical system PL. Synchronous control is performed to maintain the speed ratio according to the magnification. Thereby, the pattern of the reticle 9A (typically, the light shielding pattern A1) is sequentially reduced and transferred to each shot on the wafer W via the projection optical system PL.
- the pattern of the reticle 9A typically, the light shielding pattern A1
- an acid is generated from the photoacid generator contained in the positive-type chemically amplified resist applied to the region in the region on the wafer W exposed by the exposure light IL. That is, on the wafer W, only the photoacid generator of the resist is generated in a portion other than the portion corresponding to the light-shielding pattern represented by the light-shielding pattern A1, and at this time, the exposure is still performed by the exposure light IL.
- the resist in the shaded area should not change to soluble.
- the wafer W is unloaded. As a result, the exposure is completed.
- the wafer W on the stage WST is unloaded and returned to the FOUP by the transfer system (not shown).
- next step 311 it is determined whether or not exposure has been completed for one lot of wafers. In this case, since the exposure of the first wafer W has only been completed, the determination here is denied, and the process proceeds to step 312. In step 312, the next wafer W to be exposed is loaded on the wafer stage WST. After step 312, the process returns to step 305.
- step 305 ⁇ step 307 ⁇ step 309 ⁇ step 311 ⁇ step 312 are repeated until the determination in step 311 is affirmed.
- the pattern of the pattern area PA1 of the reticle 9A is transferred to the shot area of the second and subsequent wafers W in the FOUP (within the lot).
- the determination in step 311 is affirmative, the flow proceeds to step 313.
- step 313 a processing end notification is sent to the host 160. Then, after the end of step 313, the process ends.
- the host 160 upon receiving the above-mentioned processing end notification, proceeds to the next step 211, and conveys the FOUP set in the exposure apparatus 100 to the exposure apparatus 100, and sets the FOUP.
- the host 160 instructs the exposure apparatus 100 to expose the wafer W.
- the main control unit 20 of the device 100 controls the liquid immersion for all wafers W in the FOUP.
- the host 160 receives a notice of the completion of processing of the exposure apparatus 100 power until it is sent.
- FIG. 10 shows the operation performed by main controller 20 when performing an exposure operation in exposure apparatus 100.
- FIG. 10 A flowchart showing the processing procedure to be performed is shown. As is apparent from a comparison between FIG. 10 and FIG. 9, the processing procedure itself of the main controller 20 in the exposure apparatus 100 is shown in FIG.
- main controller 20 of exposure apparatus 100 first proceeds to step 351 in FIG.
- the first wafer (lot head) W in the FOUP is loaded on the wafer stage WST in the same manner as in step 301 described above.
- the opening / closing control of each valve of the liquid supply / drainage system 32 and the liquid recovery device 6 of the liquid supply / drainage system 32 is performed. Water supply and recovery to the space between W and water will be started. As a result, a fixed amount of water Lq is constantly supplied to the space. That is, the preparation processing in step 353, the wafer alignment in step 355, and the exposure in step 357 are performed in a state where the water Lq is held in the space below the front lens 42.
- step 355 When performing the baseline measurement, which is one of the preparatory operations in step 353, and the wafer alignment in step 355, the space below the tip lens 42 may be free of liquid. This is because the baseline measurement and the processing of wafer alignment are performed using an off-axis alignment system (not shown). After the end of step 355, main controller 20 starts the liquid immersion exposure in step 357.
- the exposure of the eye and the substantial wavelength of the exposure light IL reaching the wafer W i.e., the projection optics
- the wavelength in the space between the PL (tip lens 42) and the wafer W is different. That is, in the exposure device 100, the light emitted from the illumination system 10 is incident on the projection optical system PL by dry exposure.
- Exposure light IL is such that the exposure light IL reaches the Ueno and W at the same wavelength (193 nm).
- the light is emitted from the illumination system 10 by the immersion exposure and is incident on the projection optical system PL.
- Exposure light IL power The substantial wavelength is converted to 134 nm by water and reaches the wafer W. That is, in the exposure apparatus 100, since the immersion exposure is performed, the numerical aperture of the projection optical system is set to be smaller than 1.
- One image resolution enables a pattern of width dYl to be transferred with high precision. Further, in the exposure apparatus 100, since the immersion exposure is performed, the process coefficient and the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system are the same.
- step 357 the supply of the liquid by the liquid supply / drainage system 32 is stopped, and the unloading of the wafer W in the step 359 is performed in a state where no liquid is present in the space below the tip lens 42.
- Wafer W unloaded from wafer stage WST is returned to FOUP by a transfer system (not shown).
- main controller 20 determines whether or not the unloaded wafer W is the last wafer in one lot. If not, the process proceeds to step 362, where the tip lens The next wafer W to be exposed is loaded onto the wafer stage WST with no liquid in the space below 42.
- main controller 20 performs the loading of the wafer in step 362, the wafer alignment in step 355, the liquid immersion exposure in step 357, and so on, for each wafer W, until the determination in step 361 is affirmed.
- the unloading of the wafer in step 359 is continuously performed.
- the exposure apparatus 100 immerses the liquid on the reticle 9B by the liquid immersion method.
- the turn is transcribed.
- the wafer stage is unloaded from the WST.
- the wafer W Before returning to the FOUP, the wafer W is transported to the CZD by a transport system (not shown), subjected to PEB by a baking device, developed by a developer, and then returned to the FOUP.
- PEB for example, a dissolution inhibitor is detached from the base resin in the resist on the wafer W, and alkali solubility develops at the exposed portion to form a latent image of a transfer pattern on the wafer W.
- the soluble portion is removed by development, and a visible image of the transfer pattern (for example, the pattern image shown in FIG. 6) is formed on wafer W.
- Main controller 20 of exposure device 100 confirms that all wafers have been returned to W power FOUP.
- step 361 the determination in step 361 is affirmed, and the flow advances to step 363 to send a processing end notification to the host 160.
- the host 160 Upon receiving the processing completion notification, the host 160 proceeds to step 217, in which the FOUP to be prepared for the etching process, the resist removal, and the exposure of the next layer in the current process is predetermined by a FOUP transport device (not shown). Evacuation to the location and terminate the series of processing.
- the projection optical system PL, the Ueno, and the W are controlled using the liquid supply / discharge system 32 controlled by the main controller 20. Space between Is filled with the liquid Lq, the substantial wavelength of the exposure light in the optical path space is adjusted.
- the double exposure In one exposure, the substantial wavelength of the exposure light IL in the space between the projection optical system PL that projects the exposure light IL onto the wafer W and the wafer W is changed to the other times of the double exposure. In the exposure, the wavelength of the exposure light in the space is different from that of the exposure light. For this reason, for example, in the exposure in which high transfer accuracy is required, the substantial wavelength of the exposure light IL in the space between the projection optical system PL and the wafer W is shortened, and high transfer accuracy is required so much.
- the substantial wavelength of the exposure light IL can be lengthened to some extent.
- the time required for the exposure due to the work such as the supply of the liquid tends to be longer than the normal exposure. Therefore, if the exposure method according to the first embodiment is employed, even when performing multiple exposures, an exposure method that is advantageous in terms of time according to the resolution required for each exposure is employed. Therefore, exposure that achieves both high precision and high throughput can be realized.
- the entire exposure time can be shortened as compared with the case where both of the double exposures are performed by immersion exposure.
- the immersion exposure light is one of the two exposures in the double exposure.
- the time required for dipping the coated resist on the Ueno and W in the liquid for immersion exposure is reduced for both exposures. Since it can be shorter than in the immersion method, the acid contained in the chemically amplified resist can be reduced. The amount of the acid generated from the generator to be dissolved in water can be reduced. As a result, the line width uniformity at different portions of the wafer w can be improved, so that highly accurate exposure can be realized.
- the time during which the surface of the wafer W is immersed in the liquid by, for example, setting a high scan speed. Should be shortened. It is also desirable to select a chemically amplified resist that does not release acid immediately during immersion. Further, as the liquid supplied from the liquid supply / discharge system 32, a liquid having a lower acid solubility than pure water may be used, or a protective film (top coat) may be applied on the resist.
- the exposure apparatus 100 is used in the first exposure, and the second j + i
- the first exposure and the second exposure are performed in units of one lot.
- double exposure may be performed in units of one sheet. good.
- the second exposure is performed immediately after the first exposure is performed for each wafer, and the wafer W is subjected to PEB, whereby the time from the exposure of each wafer to PEB is obtained.
- This is advantageous because it can be shortened.
- the number of exposure apparatuses using the immersion method is larger than the number of exposure apparatuses not using the immersion method.
- the number of exposure apparatuses using the liquid immersion method may be smaller or better than other exposure apparatuses, for example, may be one.
- the exposure performed immediately before the PEB is defined as the immersion exposure. This makes it possible to reduce the time required for the wafer W in the liquid immersion state to be subjected to the force PEB in the liquid immersion state. The time to PEB can be shortened, This can reduce adverse effects such as contamination after exposure. Also, liquid recovery device
- the first exposure may be immersion exposure
- the second exposure may be non-immersion exposure.
- the first immersion exposure is performed after the first exposure (after the acid generated on the wafer W is easily melted out) and then the second immersion exposure is performed. Since the exposure is performed, the acid generated on the wafer W can be less dissolved into the liquid (water).
- Whether to perform immersion exposure for the first time or for the second time emphasizes the reduction of the time required before PEB is performed after immersion exposure (after exposure with exposure light having a short wavelength).
- the strength may be determined according to various process conditions, such as whether to emphasize the dissolution of acid during immersion exposure.
- a single-stage type exposure apparatus having one wafer stage may be used, and a double-stage (twin-stage) type exposure apparatus may be included.
- a double-stage (twin-stage) type exposure apparatus may be included.
- the exposure apparatus 100 for performing immersion exposure etc.
- one of the double exposures is performed in a state where there is no liquid in the space between the projection optical system (the front lens) and the Ueno and W, and the other exposure is performed.
- Exposure is performed in the space between the projection optical system (tip lens) and the wafer W by holding the liquid in the space between the projection optical system (tip lens) and the wafer W.
- Substantial wavelength of light The immersion exposure may be performed in both the double exposure and the power that makes one exposure different from the other exposure in the double exposure. That is, exposure apparatus 100 — j + i
- Exposure apparatus 100 may perform immersion exposure similarly to exposure apparatus 100-100.
- the exposure apparatus 100-100 assuming that pure water is used as the liquid in the exposure apparatus 100-100, the exposure apparatus 100-100
- a liquid having a refractive index lower than that of pure water (1.44) can be used.
- a liquid with a higher refractive index for exposure light (ArF light) than pure water such as
- isopropanol can be used.
- the exposure apparatus The exposure light IL that reaches the wafer W between 100-100 and the exposure device 100-100
- the exposure apparatus 100-100 it is desirable to use the exposure apparatus 100-100.
- the liquid for example,
- liquids having a CH bond or an O—H bond liquids (organic solvents) such as hexane, heptane, and decane, or any two or more of these liquids Add a base or acid such as H +, Cs +, K +, Cl—, SO 2 PO 2 to mixed or pure water with the above liquid added (mixed) or pure water.
- a base or acid such as H +, Cs +, K +, Cl—, SO 2 PO 2
- a liquid having a desired refractive index with respect to exposure light may be used, even if it is added (mixed) or mixed with pure water and fine particles such as A1 oxidized product. Can be. It is desirable that these liquids have a small temperature dependence of optical characteristics, not to mention having a low absorption coefficient of exposure light (high transmittance). In addition, it is preferable that the projection optical system has little effect on the resist applied to the surface of the projection optical system PL or the substrate P and has low viscosity.
- ArF excimer laser light (wavelength: 193 nm) is used as the exposure light IL, but the oscillation wavelength of each light source may be different between the exposure apparatuses.
- the light source of the exposure apparatus 100 is a KrF excimer laser light source (oscillation wavelength 248 ⁇ j + i
- the light source of the exposure apparatus 100 may be an ArF excimer laser light source. in this case,
- Liquid immersion exposure may be performed by both exposure apparatuses, or dry exposure may be performed by both exposure apparatuses.
- an exposure apparatus using F laser light or i-ray as exposure light may be used.
- one of the two exposure apparatuses having different light source oscillation wavelengths may perform liquid immersion exposure and the other may perform dry exposure.
- the exposure light reaching at least one exposure W It is sufficient that the substantial wavelength is different from that of the exposure in other times.
- the host 160 or the like manages information on image distortion in the exposure apparatus 100 and eliminates image distortion between the exposure apparatuses. Double exposure may be performed after adjustment by the respective imaging characteristic correction controllers 181 (see FIG. 5).
- the double exposure of the same resist layer of the wafer W using the reticles 9A and 9B is performed. May be.
- the gate pattern may be transferred by the reticles 9A and 9B, and then the wiring pattern may be transferred using the reticle on which the wiring pattern is formed. That is, when a circuit pattern including a fine pattern is formed, the circuit pattern is decomposed into a fine pattern and a non-fine pattern, and multiple exposures are performed using a plurality of reticles on which each pattern is formed.
- transfer of non-patterns exposure in the absence of liquid (exposure with exposure light of the first wavelength) is performed, and for transfer of fine patterns, immersion exposure (substantially of the second wavelength shorter than the first wavelength) is performed. Exposure with exposure light).
- double exposure is performed by two different exposure apparatuses.
- double exposure using the reticle 9A and the reticle 9B is performed by one exposure apparatus. Do.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic configuration of an exposure apparatus 100 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the exposure apparatus 100 is a so-called step-and-scan type exposure apparatus (scanning stepper).
- the exposure apparatus 100 is an exposure apparatus capable of performing exposure by a liquid immersion method, similarly to the exposure apparatus 100 of the first embodiment, and includes a liquid supply / discharge system 32.
- the exposure apparatus 100 includes, instead of the projection optical system PL, a projection optical system PL ′ that can obtain predetermined imaging characteristics by immersion exposure and dry exposure, a reticle stage RST instead of the reticle stage RST, and a stage Stage device 50 instead of device 50
- the configuration is the same as that of the exposure apparatus 100 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 shows a state in which reticles 9A and 9B are held on reticle stage RST ′.
- Reticles 9A and 9B on reticle stage RST ' are selectively used, for example, in double exposure, and are configured so that any reticle can be synchronized with the wafer side.
- the reticle 9A is selected, and the portion corresponding to the illumination area IAR indicated by the broken line on the reticle 9A can be irradiated with the exposure light IL. It is shown when it is done.
- moving mirror 15X constituting moving mirror 15 is extended in the Y-axis direction at one end in the X-axis direction.
- a reflection surface is formed by a mirror surface on one side in the direction.
- the interferometer beam indicated by the measurement axis BIR from the X-axis interferometer 16X constituting the reticle interferometer 16 in FIG. 11 is irradiated toward the reflecting surface of the movable mirror 15X.
- the X-axis interferometer 16X receives the reflected light, measures relative displacement with respect to the reference plane, and acquires position information and the like of the reticle stage RST ′ in the X-axis direction.
- the interferometer beams indicated by the measurement axes BIR, BIR are irradiated to the retroreflectors 15Y, 15Y from Y, 16Y, respectively, and the retroreflectors 15Y, 15Y are reflected on the reticle base plate (not shown).
- the reflected light is reflected by the reflecting mirrors 39A and 39B formed at the same time, and the respective reflected lights return on the same optical path and are received by the respective double-pass interferometers 16Y and 16Y.
- the reference position of the retro reflectors 15Y, 15Y (the reticle base plate (
- the position information of reticle stage RST 'in the Y-axis direction is measured.
- the position information in the Y-axis direction is calculated by calculating a relative position between the reticle stage RST and a wafer stage WST1 or WST2 described later, and based on the reticle 9A, 9B in the scanning direction (Y-axis direction) at the time of scanning exposure. Used for synchronous control with wafer W1 (W2). Also, in the second embodiment, In such an exposure apparatus 100, based on the difference between the measurement values of the double-pass interferometers 16Y, 16Y, R
- the reticle stage RST ' is measured at 0 z rotation.
- 16Y constitute a reticle interferometer 16 (see Fig. 11).
- the movable mirror 15 (see FIG. 11) is constituted by the mouth reflectors 15Y and 15Y.
- the stage device 50 measures a base plate BS, wafer stages WS Tl and WST2 arranged above the base plate BS, and positions of these wafer stages WST1 and WST2.
- the interferometer system including interferometers 18X, 18X, etc. (this is called "wafer interferometer system 18 '")
- a wafer stage drive unit 124 that drives the wafer stages WST1 and WST2 (Fig.
- Wafer stages WST1 and WST2 are moved in the X-axis direction by wafer stage drive unit 124.
- the left-right direction in the plane of FIG. 11 and the Y-axis direction (the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 11), and can be driven in two-dimensional directions independently.
- a pair of X-axis linear guides 86, 86 composed of, for example, armature units and extending in the X-axis direction are arranged at predetermined intervals in the Y-axis direction.
- sliders 82 and 84 are provided in a non-contact manner surrounding the upward force. That is, sliders 82 and 84
- Moving magnet type sliders by the sliders 82 and 84 and the X-axis linear guide 86.
- Near motors are respectively configured.
- the same reference numerals as those of the sliders 82, 84, 82, 84 constituting the respective movers are used, and the X-axis linear motor 82,
- X-axis linear motor 84 X-axis linear motor 84, X-axis linear motor 82, and X-axis linear motor 84
- , 82 are composed of, for example, an armature unit and extend in the Y-axis direction.
- the near guide 80 is fixed to one end and the other end in the longitudinal direction, respectively. Also, the remaining two The sliders constituting the X-axis linear motors 84, 84 are composed of, for example, armature units, and Y
- Wafer stage WST1 includes a magnetic pole unit (not shown), and a moving magnet type ⁇ axis that drives wafer stage WST1 in the ⁇ axis direction by ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ axis linear guide 81 including the magnetic pole unit and an armature unit.
- a linear motor is configured.
- the wafer stage WST2 includes a magnetic pole unit (not shown), and the magnetic pole unit and the ⁇ -axis linear guide 80 constitute a moving magnet type ⁇ -axis linear motor that drives the wafer stage WST2 in the ⁇ -axis direction.
- ⁇ -axis linear motors will be referred to as ⁇ -axis relay motors 81 and ⁇ -axis linear motors 80 as appropriate, using the same reference numerals as the linear guides 81 and 80 constituting the respective stators. I do.
- the wafer stage driving unit 124 is constituted by 80 and 81. Each of the linear motors constituting the wafer stage driving section 124 ′ is controlled by the stage control device 19 under the instruction of the main control device 20.
- each of wafer stages WST1 and WST2 is almost the same as the configuration of wafer stage WST in the first embodiment (see FIG. 3).
- FIG. 13 it is assumed that each component of WST1 (WST2) has an identification number (that is, 1 or 2) indicating which stage the component is, by a subscript.
- alignment system Opacis' alignment system
- AL G2 is located at the same distance from each other on the + X side and the ⁇ X side of projection unit PU.
- These alignment systems ALG1 and ALG2 are actually attached to a holding member that holds the projection unit PU.
- a target band is irradiated with a broadband detection light beam that does not expose the resist on the wafer, and the image of the target mark formed on the light receiving surface by the reflected light of the target mark force does not match the target mark image.
- Indicators shown provided in alignment ALG1, ALG2
- An FIA (Field Image Alignment) sensor of an image processing system that captures an image of an index pattern on an index plate using an image sensor (CCD or the like) and outputs an image signal of the image is used.
- the alignment system ALGl, ALG2 is not limited to the FIA system, but irradiates the target mark with coherent detection light and detects the scattered light or diffracted light generated by the target mark force, or generates the target mark force.
- an alignment sensor that detects two interferences by interfering two diffracted lights (for example, diffracted lights of the same order or diffracted lights diffracted in the same direction) alone or in an appropriate combination.
- the alignment system ALG1 includes an alignment mark formed on the wafer W1 on the wafer stage WST1 and a reference mark formed on the fiducial mark plate FM.
- the alignment system ALG2 is formed on the alignment mark and fiducial mark plate FM formed on wafer W2 on wafer stage WST2.
- the wafer interferometer system 18 ′ has a length measurement parallel to the Y axis passing through the projection center (optical axis AX) of the projection optical system PL and the detection centers of the alignment systems ALG 1 and ALG 2.
- Three Y-axis interferometers 18Y, 18Y, 1 with axes BIYM, BIYR, BIYL respectively
- It has two X-axis interferometers 18X and 18X each having a measurement axis BI2X and BI IX parallel to the X axis connecting the exit centers.
- wafer stage WST1 when wafer stage WST1 is located in a region (first region) near a position (first position) immediately below the optical axis of projection optical system PL, and when the wafer on wafer stage WST1 is exposed, Wafer stage WST1 by X-axis interferometer 18X, Y-axis interferometer 18Y
- the coordinate system defined by the respective measurement axes is called the first exposure coordinate system.
- X-axis interferometer 18X and Y-axis interferometer 18Y are referred to as the second exposure coordinate.
- wafer stage WST1 is located in the area (second area) near the position immediately below the detection center of alignment system ALG1, and the alignment mark formed on the wafer on wafer stage WST1 is detected.
- the position of the wafer stage WST1 is managed by the X-axis interferometer 18X and the Y-axis interferometer 18Y.
- the X-axis interferometer 18X and the Y-axis interferometer 18Y have their respective measurement axes.
- the coordinate system defined as above is called the first alignment coordinate system.
- the wafer stage WST2 is located in the area (third area) near the position immediately below the detection center of the alignment system ALG2, and the alignment mark formed on the wafer on the wafer stage WST2 is detected.
- the position of the wafer stage WST2 is managed by the X-axis interferometer 18X and the Y-axis interferometer 18Y.
- the X-axis interferometer 18X and the Y-axis interferometer 18Y have their respective measurement axes.
- the coordinate system defined in this way is called the second alignment coordinate system.
- the X-axis interferometers 18X and 18X are multi-axis interferometers having a plurality of optical axes.
- the Y-axis interferometers 18Y, 18Y, 18Y each have, for example, a two-axis interferometer having two optical axes.
- the rotation amount around the X axis (pitching amount) can be measured.
- the above-described multi-axis interferometer is tilted by 45 °, and is reflected on a pedestal (not shown) on which projection optical system PL is mounted via reflection surfaces provided on wafer stages WST 1 and WST 2.
- the surface may be irradiated with a laser beam to detect relative position information in the optical axis direction (Z-axis direction) of the projection optical system PL.
- the first wafer W1 of the wafers in one lot is transported to the CZD by a transport system (not shown), and the photosensitive agent (i-Dagaku amplification type resist) is coated by the coater. It shall be applied. Thereafter, the second wafer W2, the third wafer W3,..., And the 25th wafer W25 are also processed independently of the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. The coating of the resist is performed by the coater D. Also in the second embodiment, the resist to be applied is a positive resist. Also, it is assumed that the wafers W1 to W25 to be exposed are also wafers in which shot areas have already been formed, as in the first embodiment.
- the first wafer W1 is loaded on the wafer stage WST1.
- the wafer stage WST1 moves to the right loading position, and the wafer W1 is loaded by a transfer system (not shown).
- the position control of the wafer stage WST1 near the right loading position is performed based on the measured values of the interferometers 18X and 18Y having the measurement axes BI1X and BIYR, respectively.
- reticles 9A and 9B are loaded on reticle stage RST.
- reticles 9A and 9B are arranged as shown in FIG.
- fiducial mark plate FM of wafer stage WST1 is positioned directly below alignment system ALG1.
- the right loading position is determined so that 1 Prior to the wafer stage WST1 moving to this right loading position, the interferometer 18Y force measuring axis BIYR should be dried.
- the interferometer beam hits the moving mirror 17Y, and at some point the interferometer 18Y
- an image of the reference mark is captured by the alignment system ALG1, and the image signal is sent to the main controller 20.
- Main controller 20 performs predetermined processing on the image signal, and resolves the processed signal.
- the position of the fiducial mark with reference to the index center of alignment ALG1 is detected by analysis.
- the main controller 20 determines the position of the reference mark and the measurement results of the interferometers 18X and 18Y having the measurement axes ⁇ and BIYR, respectively, in the first alignment coordinate system.
- step 504 of FIG. 14 for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-44429 and corresponding US Pat. No. 4,780,617
- the wafer alignment of the EGA method as disclosed in the above publication is performed, and the arrangement of each shot area on the wafer W1 is obtained.
- interferometer 18X
- the wafer stage Based on the shot arrangement data (alignment mark position data) in the design, the wafer stage
- the alignment mark (sample mark) position of a predetermined sample shot area on the wafer W1 is measured by the alignment system ALG1, and this measurement result and the measurement values of the interferometers 18X and 18Y when measuring each sample mark are measured.
- All shot array data is calculated by statistical calculation using the least squares method based on the data.
- the coordinate position of each shot area is calculated on the first alignment coordinate system.
- the operation of each unit at the time of this EGA is controlled by the stage control device 19 under the main control device 20.
- the above calculation is performed by main controller 20.
- main controller 20 calculates the relative positional relationship of each shot area with respect to the reference mark by subtracting the coordinate position of the above-described reference mark from the coordinate position of each shot area.
- Wafer stage WST2 in this standby state is positioned at the left loading position.
- the left loading position is the position where the fiducial mark plate FM is positioned below the alignment system ALG2.
- the wafer stage is located at this left loading position.
- the interferometer 18Y force measuring axis BIYL interferometer Before the WST2 moves, the interferometer 18Y force measuring axis BIYL interferometer
- the interferometer 18Y Position measurement of wafer stage WST2 is started.
- step 506 of FIG. 14 the fiducial mark on the fiducial mark plate FM is placed immediately below the optical axis AX center (projection center) of the projection optical system PL shown in FIG. 13 from the right loading position in the wafer stage WST1. Up to the next position (hereinafter referred to as “first exposure reference position” for convenience)
- interferometer 18Y force measuring axis BIYM interferometer beam moved to moving mirror 17
- the wafer stage WST1 is positioned at the first exposure reference position.
- the interferometer beam at the measurement axis BIYM of the interferometer 18Y strikes the moving mirror 17Y at some point before the wafer stage is moved by the interferometer 18Y.
- Page measurement of WST1 is started.
- the operation description of the interferometer accompanying the movement of wafer stages WST1 and WST2 will be omitted unless particularly necessary.
- main controller 20 uses reference light plate IL to expose reference mark plate FM using a pair of reticle alignment systems (not shown).
- the relative position of the projection image on the wafer surface is detected without water Lq on the image surface side of the projection optical system PL '.
- Main controller 20 uses an interferometer 18Y having a measurement axis BIYM prior to performing the above-described relative position detection (acquisition of image signals of the respective mark images by a reticle alignment system). Start monitoring the Y position of wafer stage WST1!
- the exposure position in the dry state (the projection position of the pattern by the projection optical system PL ′) in the coordinate system (first exposure coordinate system) using the measurement axes BI1X and BIYM and the reference mark plate FM
- the relative positional relationship between the coordinate positions of the reference marks is obtained.
- each of the reference marks on the fiducial mark on the fiducial mark FM obtained earlier is displayed.
- step 508 of FIG. 14 the steps on wafer stage WST1 are performed as follows.
- main controller 20 measures the length measurement axes of Y-axis interferometer 18Y and X-axis interferometer 18X.
- a command is given to the stage controller 19 based on the positional relationship between the exposure position calculated in step 506 and each shot to configure the reticle stage driving unit 11 and the wafer stage driving unit 124. Control each linear motor.
- stage control device 19 determines that moving speed Vr of reticle stage RST in the Y-axis direction and moving speed Vw of wafer stage WST1 in the Y-axis direction are: Synchronous control of reticle stage RST 'and wafer stage WST1 is performed so that the speed ratio is maintained according to the projection magnification (1Z4 times or 1Z5 times) of projection optical system PL.
- Main controller 20 controls the illumination operation by illumination system 10 in accordance with the control of reticle stage RST 'and wafer stage WST1 as in a normal scanner.
- liquid immersion exposure on wafer W1 using reticle 9B is performed under the control of main controller 20.
- main controller 20 moves reticle stage RST 'via reticle stage RST' via stage controller 19 so as to correspond to illumination area IAR on reticle 9B.
- the main controller 20 controls the opening and closing of each valve of the liquid supply device 5 and the liquid recovery device 6 of the liquid supply / drainage system 32! /, With respect to the space between the tip lens 42 and the wafer W1. Start water supply and recovery. As a result, a constant amount of water Lq is constantly supplied to the space in a stable state.
- main controller 20 a pair of reticle alignment systems (not shown) use exposure light IL to generate a reference mark on reference mark plate FM and a corresponding mark on reticle 9A.
- the relative position with respect to the reticle alignment mark is detected through the water Lq.
- the exposure position in the liquid immersion state in the coordinate system using the measuring axes BI1X and BIYM (the projection position of the pattern via the water Lq by the projection optical system PL ') and the reference mark on the reference mark plate FM
- a correction mechanism may be provided so that the mark can be detected with desired accuracy even when the reticle alignment system has water Lq (liquid immersion state) or water Lq does not exist (dry state).
- the reticle alignment system is It is good to set them separately for the measurement of the measurement and for the measurement in the dry state.
- main controller 20 controls the reference mark on the reference mark plate FM obtained earlier.
- the relative positional relationship between the exposure position in the liquid immersion state and each shot area on the wafer W1 is calculated.
- the same control of the stage control operation as in step 508 and the control of the illumination operation by the illumination system 10 are performed, and the relative position between the previously calculated exposure position in the immersion state and each shot area on the wafer W1 is determined.
- the scanning exposure for each shot area of the wafer W1 is performed via the water Lq.
- the imaging characteristics of the projection optical system PL ′ using the imaging characteristics correction controller 181 and the like (For example, focus), or some optical members of the projection optical system PL ′ may be replaced between immersion exposure and dry exposure.
- the pattern in the pattern area PA2 on the reticle 9B is transferred with high precision by the immersion method in the exposure apparatus 100 to each shot area on the wafer W1 on which the pattern on the reticle 9A has been transferred.
- the wavelength of the exposure light IL is substantially shortened by the water Lq between the projection optical system PL and the wafer W1, and the reticle 9B is transferred onto the wafer W1 with higher resolution than the reticle 9A.
- the liquid supply to the space between the tip lens 42 and the liquid crystal W1 by the liquid supply / drainage system 32 is controlled in accordance with the movement of the wafer W1 in the XY plane, as in the first embodiment. Of course.
- the main controller 20 controls the liquid supply device 5 of the liquid supply / drainage system 32 and the liquid supply device 5 according to the change in the moving direction of the wafer W1. Opening / closing control of each valve of the recovery device 6 is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the constant distance between the tip lens 42 and the wafer W1 is always constant.
- the amount of water Lq is stably held.
- main controller 20 stops the supply of water by liquid supply / drainage system 32 and fills the space on the image plane side of projection optical system PL '.
- steps 508 and 509 in FIG. 14 while the exposure of wafer W1 on wafer stage WST1 (exposure using reticles 9A and 9B) is performed, wafer stage WST2 side In steps 602 and 604, the port and wafer alignment of the second wafer W2 is performed.
- the position control of wafer stage WST2 is performed based on the measured values of interferometers 18X and 18Y having measurement axes BI2X and BIYL, respectively, that is, on the second alignment coordinate system.
- the exposure operation and the wafer replacement alignment operation performed in parallel on the two wafer stages WST1 and WST2 are performed in such a manner that the previously completed wafer stage enters a waiting state, and a step is performed after both operations are completed. Proceeding to 510 and step 606, wafer stage WST1 moves to the right loading position, and wafer stage WST2 moves to the exposure position (more precisely, the second exposure reference position).
- step 510 the wafer is replaced (wafer Wl ⁇ wafer W3) at the right loading position in step 512, and the alignment operation is performed in step 604.
- step 608 the shot area is placed under the projection optical system PL in a dry state. An exposure operation is performed.
- reticle stage RST is moving so that reticle 9A corresponds to illumination area IAR, and the position control of wafer stage WST2 is performed by interferometers 18X and 18Y having measuring axes BI2X and BIYM, respectively. Based on the measurements, i.e. the second exposure coordinates
- step 609 liquid immersion exposure is performed on each shot area of the wafer W2 in the same manner as in step 509 described above.
- the reticle stage RST ' is moving so that the reticle 9B corresponds to the illumination area IAR, and the liquid supply / drainage system 32 supplies the liquid.
- step 512 the wafer W1 unloaded from above the wafer stage WST1 is transferred to the CZD by a transfer system (not shown), PEB is performed by a baking device, and then developed by a developer. You.
- the PEB removes, for example, a dissolution inhibitor from the base resin in the resist on the wafer W1 and removes the alkali-soluble
- the latent image of the transfer pattern is formed on the wafer W1 by developing the properties, then the soluble portion is removed by development, and a visible image of the transfer pattern on the wafer W1 (for example, the pattern image shown in FIG. 6) ) Is formed.
- both wafer stages WST1 and WST2 are moved (switched), and then dry exposure is performed on wafer W3 using reticle 9A.
- the operation (Step 518), the liquid immersion exposure operation using the reticle 9B (Step 519), the wafer exchange (W2 ⁇ W4) in the wafer stage WST2, and the wafer alignment (Steps 612 and 614) are performed in parallel.
- the wafer W2 unloaded from the wafer stage WST2 is transported to the CZD by a transport system (not shown), subjected to PEB by a baking device, and then developed by a developer.
- both wafer stages WSTl and WST2 are moved, ie, the switching is performed.
- wafer stage WST2 is located at the left loading position, in step 620, the wafer is moved from above wafer stage WST2. W24 Unloaded (then PEB and development take place). Thereafter, wafer stage WST 2 waits.
- Steps 526 and 527 the exposure operation (pattern transfer of the reticle 9A) and the liquid immersion exposure operation (pattern transfer of the reticle 9B) on the last wafer W25 in one port are performed. This is done as before. Then, after the exposure is completed, in step 528, the wafer stage WST1 is moved to the right loading position, and in step 530, the wafer W25 is unloaded (then PEB and development are performed).
- the double exposure is performed.
- water Lq is supplied to a space between the projection optical system PL that projects the exposure light IL onto the wafer W1 to W25 and the wafer W1 to W25, and the exposure light IL in that space is supplied. Is made to be different from the wavelength of the exposure light IL in that space in another exposure. In this way, for example, in the case where high resolution is required, for example, in the exposure using reticle 9B, the substantial wavelength of the exposure light IL in the space between the projection optical system PL and the wafer W1-W25 is shortened.
- the substantial wavelength of exposure light IL can be lengthened to some extent.
- the time required for exposure due to operations such as liquid supply tends to be longer than in normal exposure. Therefore, if the exposure method according to the second embodiment is adopted, even when performing multiple exposures, timely advantageous exposure is performed in accordance with the required resolution of each exposure. Therefore, exposure that achieves both high accuracy and high throughput can be realized in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Further, since the dissolution of the acid can be reduced, high-precision exposure can be realized as in the first embodiment.
- dry exposure and liquid immersion exposure are performed on the same wafer in series.
- dry exposure may be performed for each lot, and then immersion exposure may be performed.
- the wafer and the stage WST1 are retracted, and the dry exposure is performed on the wafer on the wafer and the stage WST2.
- the WST1 may be moved below the projection optical system PL to perform immersion exposure on the wafer on that stage, and then perform immersion exposure on the wafer on the wafer stage WST2.
- a double-stage (twin-stage) type exposure apparatus having two wafer stages WST1 and WST2 may be replaced with a single-stage type exposure apparatus.
- an exposure apparatus having three or more wafer stages may be used, and is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-511704 and US Patent No. 6,262,796 corresponding thereto.
- an exposure apparatus having one projection optical system and one alignment system and two or more wafer stages may be used.
- a member for measurement and a sensor are mounted separately from a wafer stage for holding a wafer.
- An exposure apparatus having a measurement stage that moves on the image plane side of the projection optical system may be used.
- a part of the projection optical system may be replaced between immersion exposure and dry exposure. It is good.
- a force using an exposure apparatus having two wafer stages for one projection optical system is an exposure apparatus having two or more projection optical systems. May be used.
- the ueno and the stage may be one, or two or more may be provided.
- the second embodiment similarly to the above-described first embodiment, exposure using a liquid immersion method is performed after normal exposure not using a liquid immersion method. Since the time to PEB after exposing a fine pattern can be shortened, the ability to reduce adverse effects such as contamination after exposure can be reversed. In this case, as described above, After the first exposure (after the acid generated on the wafer becomes easy to dissolve), the first immersion exposure is performed compared to when the second immersion exposure is performed. Dissolution of the acid into the liquid (water) can be reduced.
- the immersion exposure is performed for the first time or the second time is the same as in the first embodiment described above, and the PEB is used after the immersion exposure (after exposure with exposure light having a substantial short wavelength). It may be determined according to various process conditions, such as whether to emphasize the time required for the application or to dissolve the acid during immersion exposure.
- one of the double exposures is performed in a state where there is no liquid in the space between the projection optical system (tip lens) and the wafer or the like. Exposure is performed while the liquid is held in the space between the projection optical system (tip lens) and the wafer, thereby exposing the exposure light in the space between the projection optical system (tip lens) and the wafer.
- Substantial wavelength power The immersion exposure may be performed in both the double exposure and the power that makes one exposure different from the other exposure in the double exposure. In this case, the liquid supplied onto the wafer may be changed in each immersion exposure!
- the liquid supply / discharge system is configured to be able to supply a plurality of types of liquids (naturally, pure water may be contained therein), and the main controller 20 controls the plurality of types of liquids. Any one of the liquids may be selected.
- a liquid supply device and a liquid recovery device are provided for each liquid, and each nozzle may be separately provided.
- the exposure light in the space between the projection optical system (tip lens) and the wafer is substantially reduced.
- Wavelength strength One exposure of double exposure may be different from that of another exposure.
- both exposures of the double exposure may be performed in a dry state, may be performed in a liquid immersion state, or may be performed in one dry state and another in a liquid immersion state. Good,.
- the exposure method for minimizing the dissolution of the acid generated from the photoacid generator contained in the resist is provided.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- it is also effective in reducing the dissolution of specific substances contained in the resist, such as the base resin, the dissolution inhibitor, and the cross-linking agent contained in the amplified resist.
- a resist that is not a chemically amplified resist is used, it is effective in reducing the dissolution of substances contained in the resist.
- dry exposure is performed in a state where there is no liquid in the space between the projection optical system and the wafer or the like, and the liquid is held in the space between the projection optical system and the wafer or the like.
- double exposure multiple exposure
- immersion exposure it is desirable to use a resist for immersion exposure.
- the LZS pattern B1 can be accurately transferred to the wafer.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the phase shift portion in the LZS pattern B1 of the reticle 9B may be a light shielding pattern. That is, in each of the above embodiments, the gate pattern is transferred by using the phase shift method. 1S The transfer is not limited to this, and may be exposure using a normal mask. In short, a fine pattern such as the LZS pattern B1 may be transferred at a resolution that allows the pattern to be transferred with high accuracy.
- the substantial wavelength of the exposure light IL may be set to a wavelength corresponding to a resolution that allows the pattern to be transferred with high accuracy.
- another type of phase shift mask such as a Levenson-type mask is used as reticle 9B.
- the present invention can also be applied to multiple exposures of triple exposure or more.
- triple exposure can be performed using a reticle on which a wiring pattern is formed, in addition to the reticle 9A and the reticle 9B.
- the substantial exposure wavelength reaching the wafer may be different from the other exposures.
- the same effects as described above can be obtained.
- the projection image of the pattern of the reticle 9A and the projection image of the pattern of the reticle 9B are projected at the same position (the same shot area) on the wafer. Force wafer
- the projection image of the pattern of reticle 9A and the projection image of the pattern of reticle 9B may be projected so that different positions on W, for example, only a part of them overlap.
- a combination of the multiple exposure as in each of the above embodiments and V a so-called deformed illumination method (eg, SHRINC: Super High Resolution by Illumination Control) can be used.
- a so-called deformed illumination method eg, SHRINC: Super High Resolution by Illumination Control
- each aperture is arranged as an illumination system aperture stop in correspondence with the arrangement direction of the LZS pattern B1. If a dipole illumination stop or the like is used, the resolution and depth of focus can be further improved.
- a force with an infinite number of periodic patterns such as LZS patterns
- a reticle on which a periodic pattern arranged in the Y-axis direction is formed, and the above multiple exposure may be performed using those reticles.
- a dipole illumination stop along the arrangement direction of the periodic pattern may be used as an illumination system aperture stop.
- patterns having different sizes are further formed on different reticles.
- the pattern on each reticle may be transferred between normal exposure and exposure in which the exposure light has a substantially different wavelength, such as immersion exposure.
- Examples of this mechanism include a method of installing a filter capable of removing a basic substance in the exposure apparatus, and a method of further applying a protective film for the basic substance on the resist surface.
- a method of installing a filter capable of removing a basic substance in the exposure apparatus and a method of further applying a protective film for the basic substance on the resist surface.
- ultrapure water water
- the present invention is not limited to the power as described above.
- a liquid that is chemically stable and has a high transmittance of exposure light IL such as a fluorine-based inert liquid
- fluorine-based inert liquid for example, Fluorinert (trade name of Sleem Co., USA) can be used. This fluorine-based inert liquid is also excellent in the cooling effect.
- a fluorine-based liquid for example, fomblin oil
- a fluorine-based liquid for example, fomblin oil
- the collected liquid may be reused.
- a filter for removing impurities from the collected liquid is provided in the liquid collection device, the collection pipe, or the like. It is desirable to keep.
- the optical element on the image plane side of the projection optical system PL is assumed to be the tip lens 42.
- the optical element is not limited to the lens, but the projection optical system PL
- An optical plate (parallel plane plate or the like) used for adjusting the optical characteristics such as aberration (spherical aberration, coma aberration, etc.) may be used, or a simple cover glass may be used.
- the optical element closest to the image plane side of the projection optical system PL (the tip lens 42 in each of the above-described embodiments) is scattered particles generated from the resist by the irradiation of the exposure light IL or the liquid ( In the above embodiments, the surface may be soiled by contact with water. For this reason, the optical element may be detachably (exchangeably) fixed to the lowermost part of the lens barrel 40, and may be periodically replaced.
- the optical element that comes into contact with the liquid is a lens
- the cost of replacement parts and the time required for replacement are long, which increases maintenance costs (running costs) and increases throughput. causess a decline. Therefore, the optical element that comes into contact with the liquid may be, for example, a parallel flat plate that is less expensive than the lens 42.
- the tip lens 42 of the projection optical system PL is used in the exposure apparatus to which the above-described liquid immersion method is applied.
- the optical path space on the light emission side is filled with liquid (pure water) to expose the wafer w.
- Force As shown in International Publication No. 2004Z019128, light is incident on the tip lens 42 of the projection optical system PL.
- the optical path space on the side may be filled with liquid (pure water).
- the range in which the liquid (water) flows is set so as to cover the entire projection area (irradiation area of exposure light IL) of the reticle pattern image.
- the size may be arbitrary, but in controlling the flow velocity, the flow rate, etc., it is desirable to make the area slightly larger than the irradiation area and make the area as small as possible.
- auxiliary plates 72a to 72d are provided around the periphery.
- the exposure apparatus includes an auxiliary plate or a flat plate having a function equivalent thereto. Some of them may not necessarily be provided on the wafer stage. However, in this case, it is desirable to further provide a pipe for collecting the liquid on the wafer stage so that the supplied liquid does not overflow the force on the wafer stage. Further, in each of the above embodiments, the force using the exposure apparatus that locally fills the space between the projection optical system PL and the wafer with liquid is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-124873.
- Immersion exposure apparatus for moving a stage holding a substrate to be exposed in a liquid tank as described in JP-A-10-303114, JP-A-10-154659, and U.S. Pat.
- the present invention is also applicable to an immersion exposure apparatus in which a liquid bath having a predetermined depth is formed on a stage as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5,825,043 and holds a wafer therein.
- a liquid bath having a predetermined depth is formed on a stage as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5,825,043 and holds a wafer therein.
- the projection optical system composed of a plurality of lenses and the projection unit PU are incorporated in the exposure apparatus main body, and a liquid supply / drainage system is attached to the projection unit PU. After that, while making optical adjustments, the reticle stage and wafer stage consisting of many mechanical parts are attached to the exposure apparatus main body, wiring and piping are connected, and further overall adjustments (electrical adjustment, operation confirmation, etc.) are performed.
- the exposure apparatus of each of the above embodiments can be manufactured. It is desirable to manufacture the exposure equipment in a clean room where the temperature and cleanliness are controlled. [0203] In each of the above embodiments, the case where the present invention is applied to a scanning exposure apparatus such as a step 'and' scan method has been described.
- the scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can be suitably applied to a step-and-repeat type reduction projection exposure apparatus.
- the present invention can be suitably applied to exposure of the same resist layer of the wafer W in a reduction projection exposure apparatus of a step 'and' stitch method for synthesizing a shot area and a shot area.
- a type of exposure apparatus having no projection optical system such as a proximity type exposure apparatus or a two-beam interference type exposure apparatus that exposes a wafer by forming interference fringes on the wafer, is used. You can also.
- the application of the exposure apparatus is not limited to the exposure apparatus for semiconductor manufacturing.
- an exposure apparatus for a liquid crystal for transferring a liquid crystal display element pattern onto a square glass plate, an organic EL, a thin film magnetic head it can be widely applied to an exposure device for manufacturing an imaging device (CCD, etc.), a micromachine, a DNA chip, and the like.
- an imaging device CCD, etc.
- a micromachine a micromachine
- DNA chip a DNA chip
- glass substrates or silicon wafers are used to manufacture reticles or masks used in light exposure equipment that can be used only with micro devices such as semiconductor devices, EUV exposure equipment, X-ray exposure equipment, and electron beam exposure equipment.
- the present invention can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that transfers a circuit pattern to a substrate.
- the light source of the exposure apparatus of each of the above embodiments is not limited to the ArF excimer laser light source, but may be a pulse laser light source such as a KrF excimer laser light source or an F laser light source, or a g-line (wavelength 436).
- Ultra-high pressure mercury lamps that emit bright lines such as nm) and i-line (wavelength 365 nm) can also be used.
- a single-wavelength laser beam in the infrared or visible region where the power of a DFB semiconductor laser or fiber laser is also oscillated is amplified by, for example, a fiber amplifier doped with erbium (or both erbium and ytterbium), and nonlinear optical It is also possible to use a harmonic whose wavelength has been converted to ultraviolet light using a crystal.
- the magnification of the projection optical system may be not only a reduction system but also any one of an equal magnification system and an enlargement system. As described above, if the light source of each exposure apparatus is varied, flexible multiple exposures can be realized according to the required resolution.
- FIG. 15 shows a flowchart of an example of manufacturing devices (semiconductor chips such as ICs and LSIs, liquid crystal panels, CCDs, thin-film magnetic heads, micromachines, etc.).
- a function and performance design of a device for example, a circuit design of a semiconductor device
- a pattern design for realizing the function is performed.
- step 802 mask manufacturing step
- step 803 wafer manufacturing step
- a wafer is manufactured using a material such as silicon.
- step 804 wafer processing step
- step 803 wafer processing step
- step 803 wafer processing step
- step 805 device assembly step
- step 805 includes steps such as a dicing step, a bonding step, and a packaging step (chip sealing) as necessary.
- step 806 inspection step
- inspections such as an operation confirmation test and an endurance test of the device created in step 805 are performed. After these steps, the device is completed and shipped.
- FIG. 16 shows a detailed flow example of step 804 in the semiconductor device.
- step 811 oxidation step
- step 812 CVD step
- step 813 electrode formation step
- step 814 ion implantation step
- ions are implanted into the ueno.
- step 815 resist formation step
- step 816 exposure step
- step 816 exposure step
- step 817 development step
- step 818 etching step
- the lithography system 110 or the exposure apparatus 100 including the exposure apparatus 100 of the above embodiment and the exposure method are used in the exposure step (step 816).
- Throughput can be improved, and highly accurate exposure can be realized.
- productivity including yield
- the exposure method, exposure apparatus, and exposure system of the present invention are suitable for a lithographic process for manufacturing a semiconductor device, a liquid crystal display device, and the like. Suitable for micro device production.
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- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US10/589,962 US20080038675A1 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2005-02-18 | Exposure Method, Exposure Apparatus, Exposure System and Device Manufacturing Method |
JP2006510233A JP4974049B2 (ja) | 2004-02-20 | 2005-02-18 | 露光方法、露光装置、並びにデバイス製造方法 |
US14/224,547 US20140204359A1 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2014-03-25 | Exposure method, exposure apparatus, exposure system and device manufacturing method |
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US14/224,547 Division US20140204359A1 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2014-03-25 | Exposure method, exposure apparatus, exposure system and device manufacturing method |
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JP2009058877A (ja) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-19 | Panasonic Corp | フォトマスク及びそれを用いたパターン形成方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140204359A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
JPWO2005081295A1 (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
TW200540971A (en) | 2005-12-16 |
TWI471900B (zh) | 2015-02-01 |
JP4974049B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 |
US20080038675A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
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