WO2005062410A1 - 燃料電池用燃料及び燃料電池並びにその応用 - Google Patents
燃料電池用燃料及び燃料電池並びにその応用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005062410A1 WO2005062410A1 PCT/JP2004/018021 JP2004018021W WO2005062410A1 WO 2005062410 A1 WO2005062410 A1 WO 2005062410A1 JP 2004018021 W JP2004018021 W JP 2004018021W WO 2005062410 A1 WO2005062410 A1 WO 2005062410A1
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- fuel cell
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/108—Production of gas hydrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L7/00—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
- H01M8/04194—Concentration measuring cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention (first aspect) relates to a fuel for a fuel cell and a method of supplying the fuel, and in particular, the handleability of an organic fuel such as methanol used for a fuel cell, corrosion of peripheral devices, cross-over in a battery, and the like.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell fuel for improving the power generation efficiency of a fuel cell and achieving stable operation by solving problems such as overrun, and a method for supplying the fuel cell fuel to the fuel cell.
- the present invention (second aspect) relates to a method for detecting the amount of a fuel substance present in a fuel composition for a fuel cell, and in particular, to simply measuring the remaining amount of a fuel substance such as methanol supplied to a fuel cell. How to detect.
- the present invention (third aspect) relates to a fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a method of using the same, and in particular, to the suppression of fuel crossover in a solid oxide fuel cell.
- the present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell fuel, a solid oxide fuel cell using the solid oxide fuel cell fuel, and a method of using the same.
- the present invention (fourth aspect) relates to a method for relatively easily releasing fuel cell fuel from a fuel composition containing the fuel cell fuel.
- a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is configured by using a solid electrolyte membrane such as a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane as an electrolyte, and joining a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode to both surfaces of the membrane, and forming a hydrogen or hydrogen on the anode.
- a solid electrolyte membrane such as a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane
- This is a device that supplies liquid organic fuel such as methanol and oxygen to a power source to generate electricity by an electrochemical reaction.
- both electrodes are composed of a mixture of carbon fine particles carrying a catalyst substance and a solid polymer electrolyte.
- the direct methanol fuel cell using methanol as fuel is highly applicable as a small portable fuel cell, and in recent years, is being actively developed as a next-generation secondary cell for portable computers and mobile phones. It's getting better.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane made of a solid polymer ion exchange resin is used as an electrolyte.
- hydrogen ions generated at the anode it is necessary for hydrogen ions generated at the anode to move through the membrane from the fuel electrode (anode) to the oxidant electrode (force sword). It is known that the movement of hydrogen ions is accompanied by the movement of water, and it is necessary that the electrolyte membrane contains a certain amount of water.
- a liquid organic fuel such as methanol having a high affinity for water
- the liquid organic fuel diffuses into the water-containing solid polymer electrolyte membrane and further reaches the oxidant electrode.
- crossover occurs.
- Crossover is a phenomenon in which liquid organic fuel, which should provide electrons at the fuel electrode, oxidizes when it reaches the oxidant electrode side, and is not effectively used as fuel.
- methanol crossover becomes more pronounced as the methanol concentration in the fuel increases, it has been difficult to use high-concentration methanol fuel in direct methanol fuel cells.
- Methanol must be handled with great care, such as the undiluted solution of methanol is equivalent to a toxic substance under the Poisonous Substances Control Law and a dangerous substance class 4;
- methanol When methanol is used as a fuel, it is usually necessary to use an aqueous solution of about 10-30% by weight because it is a fuel that requires careful attention and there is a problem such as corrosion with high concentration methanol.
- a low-concentration aqueous methanol solution has a problem of freezing, particularly when used in cold regions. In this case, it cannot be used as fuel, so it is necessary to defrost and use power.
- concentration distribution of methanol and water is formed during freezing.To eliminate this concentration distribution, thaw the frozen fuel completely and then shake the container to make a uniform solution. Force must be used, and handling is complicated.
- the first aspect is to provide a fuel cell fuel and a method of supplying the fuel that solve problems such as corrosion, fuel freezing, crossover, etc. while improving the handleability of the fuel for the fuel cell composed of an organic fuel.
- the purpose is to.
- the second aspect aims to provide a method capable of easily detecting the remaining amount of fuel for a fuel cell.
- a third aspect is to provide a fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell capable of suppressing fuel crossover in the solid oxide fuel cell, thereby increasing the output of the fuel cell and increasing the fuel efficiency.
- the purpose is to realize
- the third aspect also aims to provide a method of using a solid oxide fuel cell using such a fuel and a solid oxide fuel cell.
- a fourth aspect is to provide a method of easily discharging a fuel for a fuel cell from a fuel composition containing a fuel for a fuel cell without requiring a heating device or heating energy.
- the fuel for the fuel cell outside the first area is characterized in that the organic fuel used for the fuel cell is a solid molecular compound!
- the method for supplying fuel for a fuel cell according to the first aspect is characterized in that the above-mentioned fuel cell for a fuel cell discharges an organic fuel and supplies it to a fuel electrode of the fuel cell.
- the method for detecting the abundance of a fuel substance in a fuel composition for a fuel cell includes the step of detecting the amount of the fuel substance in a fuel composition containing a molecular compound of a fuel substance for a fuel cell and a counterpart compound.
- the fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect is characterized by containing a liquid organic fuel and a compound that forms a complex or a molecular compound with the liquid organic fuel.
- the method for using a solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect is a method for using a solid oxide fuel cell including a fuel electrode, an oxidant electrode, and a solid electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode. Wherein the fuel for the solid oxide fuel cell is supplied to the fuel electrode.
- the solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect includes a fuel electrode, an oxidant electrode, a solid electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the fuel electrode and the oxidizing electrode, and the above-described fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell. It is characterized by having.
- the solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect also includes a solid oxide fuel cell including a fuel electrode, an oxidant electrode, and a solid electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode.
- the fuel cell further comprises a fuel supply means for supplying the fuel for the solid oxide fuel cell to the pole.
- the fuel release method for fuel cell fuel composition according to the fourth aspect is a method for discharging fuel composition fuel containing fuel cell fuel, comprising: The fuel is released into the water by contacting the composition with water.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a fuel cell system manufactured in Example 5 and Example 11.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a fuel cell system manufactured in Example 6 and Example 12.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a fuel cell system manufactured in Example 7 and Example 13.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a structure of an example of a solid oxide fuel cell according to a third aspect.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a fuel supply system in an example of a solid oxide fuel cell fuel according to a third aspect.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a structure of a solid oxide fuel cell according to Examples 14-16.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a fuel cell system manufactured in Example 17.
- the fuel for a fuel cell according to the first aspect is characterized in that the organic fuel used for the fuel cell is a solid molecular compound! / ⁇ .
- the organic fuel is a solid molecular compound, it is safe and excellent in handling, easy to store and transport, and free from problems of freezing. In addition, corrosion and crossover problems can be reduced, and a high-concentration organic fuel can be used, so that the electromotive force of the fuel cell can be increased.
- the fuel cell fuel supply method is characterized in that organic fuel is released from such a fuel cell fuel cell and supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell for safety and handling.
- An efficient fuel supply can be performed by the fuel for a fuel cell having excellent performance.
- a molecular compound refers to a compound that can be stably existing alone and has a relatively weak mutual bond other than a covalent bond represented by a hydrogen bond, van der Waals force, or the like. It is a compound bound by action, and includes hydrates, solvates, adducts, clathrates, and the like.
- Such a molecular compound can be formed by a contact reaction between a compound that forms the molecular compound and an organic fuel, and converts a liquid organic fuel into a solid compound, and is relatively lightweight and stable. Organic fuel can be stored. From this molecular compound, an organic fuel can be easily released by heating or contact with water and supplied to the fuel electrode of a fuel cell.
- the molecular compound include an inclusion compound in which the organic fuel is included by a contact reaction between the host compound and the organic fuel.
- the organic fuel according to the first aspect is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a fuel for a fuel cell, and examples thereof include alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, and acetals. It is not limited to these.
- Organic fuels are generally liquid at normal temperature and pressure, and specifically include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, and ethylene glycol, and ethers such as dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, and getyl ether.
- hydrocarbons such as propane and butane, and acetal such as dimethoxymethane and trimethoxymethane.
- the host compound forming an inclusion compound that includes the organic fuel includes an organic compound, an inorganic compound, and an organic compound. Things that consist of things are known.
- an organic compound as a hosty dagger As an organic compound as a hosty dagger,
- monomolecular host conjugates include cyclodextrins, crown ethers, cryptands, cyclophans, azacyclophanes, calixarenes, cyclotriveratrylenes, Examples include strands and cyclic oligopeptides.
- multimolecular host conjugates include ureas, thioureas, deoxycholates, perhydrotriphenylenes, tree o-thymotides, bianthrils, spirobifluorenes, cyclophosphazenes, monoalcohols , Diols, acetylene alcohols, hydroxybenzophenones, phenols, bisphenols, trisphenols, tetrakisphenols, polyphenols, naphthols, bisnaphthols, diphenylmethanols, carboxylic amides , Thioamides, bixanthenes, carboxylic acids, imidazoles, hydroquinones and the like.
- polymer-based hostile conjugates examples include celluloses, starches, chitins, chitosans, polybutyl alcohols, and polyethylene glycol arm-type polymers having 1,1,2,2-tetrakis-phenyl-ethane as a core.
- A a, ⁇ ′, ⁇ , -tetrakisphenyl-xylene as a core, and polyethylene glycol arm-type polymers.
- Examples of the organic hostile conjugate include an organic phosphorus conjugate and an organic silicon compound.
- Examples of the inorganic hosty conjugate include titanium oxide, graphite, alumina, transition metal dicalgogenite, lanthanum fluoride, clay mineral (such as montmorillonite), silver salt, silicate, phosphate, zeolite, and silica. And porous glass.
- organometallic compounds also exhibit properties as a hostile compound, such as organic aluminum compounds, organic titanium compounds, organic boron compounds, organic zinc compounds, organic indium compounds, organic gallium compounds, and organic tellurium compounds.
- Organic carboxylic acid metal It is also possible to use a salt, an organometallic complex or the like as the host conjugate.
- the organometallic compound based conjugate is not particularly limited to these.
- multimolecular host conjugates whose inclusion ability is hardly influenced by the size of the molecules of the guest conjugate are preferred.
- multimolecular hosty conjugate examples include urea, 1,1,6,6-tetraphenylhexa 2,4-diyne 1,6-diol, 1,1 bis (2,4 —Dimethylphenyl) — 2-propyne—1-ol, 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl—2-butyne—1,4-diol, 1,1,6,6-tetrakis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) 2,4-hexadiyne 1,6-diol, 9,10-diphenyl 9,10-dihydroanthracene 9,10-diol, 9,10-bis (4-methylphenyl) -1,9,10- Dihydroanthracene 9,10-diol, 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane-1,2-diol, 4-methoxyphenol, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone,
- Examples of the host compound include, among those described above, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,1 Phenolic host compounds such as 2,2,2-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylene, amide based host compounds such as bis (dicyclohexylamide) diphenate and bisdicyclohexylamide fumarate; Imidazole-based conjugates such as [9,10-d] imidazole are advantageous in terms of the inclusion ability, especially 1,1, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclo.
- a phenolic host conjugate such as xan is advantageous in that it is industrially easy to use.
- One of these hostile conjugates may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- organic hostile conjugates can also be used as an organic / inorganic composite material supported on a porous substance.
- the porous substance supporting the organic host compound include silica, zeolites, and activated carbons, as well as intercalation compounds such as clay minerals and montmorillonite, but are not limited thereto. It is not.
- the organic-inorganic composite material is prepared by dissolving the above-mentioned organic host conjugate in a solvent capable of dissolving the same, impregnating the solution in a porous material, drying the solvent, and drying under reduced pressure. Can be manufactured.
- the amount of the organic host compound supported on the porous substance is not particularly limited, but is usually about 10 to 80% by weight based on the porous substance.
- the organic fuel and the host compound are directly contacted.
- a method of contacting and mixing whereby an inclusion compound including an organic fuel can be easily synthesized.
- the inclusion conjugate can also be synthesized by dissolving the host conjugate in an organic fuel by heating or the like and then recrystallizing the same.
- the temperature at which the organic fuel is brought into contact with the host compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 100 ° C. at room temperature.
- the pressure conditions at this time but it is preferable to perform the treatment in a normal pressure environment.
- the time for bringing the organic fuel into contact with the host compound but it is preferably about 0.01 to 24 hours from the viewpoint of work efficiency and the like.
- the organic fuel to be brought into contact with the host compound is preferably a high-purity fuel.
- the organic fuel and the organic fuel may be mixed with each other. It may be a mixed liquid with the components of and.
- the clathrate conjugate obtained in this manner varies depending on the type of the host conjugate used, the contact conditions with the organic fuel, and the like. It is an inclusion complex containing 0.1 to 10 moles of the system fuel molecule.
- the clathrate conjugate thus obtained can stably store the organic fuel for a long period of time at normal temperature and normal pressure. Also, since the clathrate conjugate is a solid material that is lightweight and has excellent handleability, it can be easily stored in a container made of glass, metal, plastic, etc., and has the problem of liquid leakage. Will be resolved. In addition, since the liquid organic fuel is usually solidified by inclusion, the property as a harmful or dangerous substance can be avoided. Further, the chemical reactivity of the organic fuel can be reduced, and for example, the corrosiveness to metals can be reduced.
- the method of extracting the organic fuel from the solid molecular compound such as an inclusion compound by the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is easily extracted by heating the organic fuel. be able to. Specifically, when the solid molecular compound is an clathrate compound, the force depends on the type of host ligated compound used.
- the organic fuel can be released from the material and used for various purposes.
- the heating method is not particularly limited, but includes a thermoelectric element (such as a Peltier element), an inkjet printer head (such as a thermal method), and a surface acoustic wave element. May be used in combination.
- the organic fuel can also be taken out by bringing a solid molecular compound such as an inclusion complex into contact with water to elute the organic fuel into the water.
- water is an organic fuel aqueous solution, and the concentration of the organic fuel aqueous solution is appropriately adjusted according to the intended use by dissolving the organic fuel from a molecular compound such as an inclusion compound.
- An aqueous solution of an organic fuel of about 64% by weight may be prepared and supplied to the fuel cell.
- the hostile conjugate After the release of the organic fuel, the hostile conjugate has the ability to selectively include the organic fuel and includes the organic fuel. Can be effectively reused.
- the organic fuel is a solid molecular compound, it is safe and easy to handle, and can avoid measures related to the safety of organic fuel such as harmful substances and dangerous substances.
- the problem of freezing when an organic fuel aqueous solution is used can be solved, and stable fuel supply can be performed even in cold regions.
- a high-concentration organic fuel can be used in contact with the fuel electrode, and the electromotive force of the fuel cell can be increased.
- the first aspect is useful as a fuel for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, particularly a fuel cell for a direct methanol fuel cell, which is promising as a small portable fuel cell, and a method for supplying the fuel.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to various fuel cells using an organic fuel.
- the host conjugate that includes the organic fuel includes 1,1 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane (hereinafter abbreviated as “BHC”) or 1,1, 6,6-Tetrafurahexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol (hereinafter abbreviated as “TPHDD”) was used, and methanol was used as the organic fuel.
- BHC 1,1 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane
- TPHDD 1,1, 6,6-Tetrafurahexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol
- TPHDD41 4g of (0. I mol) more to performing recrystallization by heating dissolved in methanol 100ml, TPHDD: methanol 1: 2 methanol content 13 weight 0/0 (molar ratio) solid methanol packaging An indirect compound was obtained.
- Example 2 The methanol inclusion complex obtained in Example 1 was subjected to TG-DTA measurement at a heating rate of 10 ° C Zmin. As a result, the included methanol was stably encapsulated up to about 100 ° C. It was confirmed that vaporization and emission started at 100 ° C.
- the clathrated methanol is a volatile solvent having a boiling point of about 64 ° C, and is vaporized even at 64 ° C or less because of its low vapor pressure. It can be seen that the inclusion of the dangling product can prevent the vaporization of methanol and improve the danger during storage. According to the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Law as described above, methanol is subject to deleterious substances only in the case of undiluted solution, and when methanol is used in undiluted solution, it is subject to the regulation. Doing so will defeat the power of the play.
- the temperature at which methanol is released from the methanol inclusion compound by heating can be freely changed by selecting the host compound to be used.
- the electrolyte membrane 'electrode assembly (MEA) to be evaluated was prepared as follows.
- As the electrolyte membrane Nafion, a perfluorosulfonic acid-based ion exchange membrane, was used.
- Pt particles were used as the supported catalyst, and were supported on acetylene black to provide electron conductivity.
- the amount of Pt supported was 50% by weight based on acetylene black.
- This Pt-supported catalyst and a 5% by weight Nafion solution were mixed and sprayed on an electrolyte membrane using a spray brush to attach an electrode layer.
- the membrane with the electrode layer attached was dried in a dryer at 90 ° C for 1 hour, sandwiched between Teflon plates, and pressed with a hot press at 130 ° C and 20MPa for 30 minutes. Was joined.
- FIG. 1 1 is an electrolyte membrane
- 2 is an electrode (anode)
- 3 is an electrode (force sword)
- 4 is an oxidant flow path
- 5 is a fuel absorber.
- a cladding inclusion tank 6 and a water tank 7 were provided in contact with the fuel absorber 5.
- These tanks 6 and 7 are provided with heating elements 6A and 7A, respectively, which are configured so as to be able to heat the contents in the tanks.
- the clathrate ligature tank 6 is filled with the methanol clathrate ligate produced in Example 1, and heated to 100 ° C by the heating element 6A to release methanol.
- the water in the water tank 7 was heated to 100 ° C. by the heater 7A and supplied to the fuel absorber 5.
- an electromotive force of 0.22 V can be obtained with a 20% by weight aqueous methanol solution at a current density of lOOmAZcm 2 , but the methanol inclusion conjugate as shown in FIG. As a result, an electromotive force of 0.48 V was achieved.
- a 20% by weight aqueous methanol solution was used, stable operation was difficult due to electrode deterioration, crossover, and the like.
- a methanol inclusion conjugate was used, such a problem also occurred. Stable operation was possible over a long period of time.
- Example 5 Using the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) produced in the same manner as in Example 5, a direct methanol fuel cell system for supplying a methanol aqueous solution as shown in FIG. 2 was assembled.
- 1 is an electrolyte membrane
- 2 is an electrode (anode)
- 3 is an electrode (force sword).
- the illustration of the oxidant flow path and the fuel absorber is omitted.
- Reference numeral 6 denotes a clathrate bath, which includes a heating element 6A.
- 11 is a concentration adjustment tank
- 12 is a CO removal means.
- the methanol clathrate ligate produced in Example 1 is placed, and heated to 100 ° C by the heating element 6A to release methanol.
- the solution was supplied to the concentration adjusting tank 11, and a 20% by weight aqueous methanol solution was adjusted and fed to the fuel absorber of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly.
- concentration adjustment tank 11 recovered water used in the anode 2 and having a reduced methanol concentration is circulated after being treated by the CO removal means 12. Water generated by force sword 3 also enters concentration adjustment tank 11
- Example 7 Evaluation of stability of fuel cell electrode
- MEA electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly
- the clathrate inclusion tank 6 was filled with the methanol clathrate produced in Example 1, and the clathrate compound tank 6 was supplied with water from the water tank 7 to form a methanol clathrate.
- the dangling product was brought into contact with water to release methanol into the water, and a 20% by weight aqueous methanol solution was prepared and fed to a fuel absorber of the electrolyte membrane 'electrode assembly.
- the water generated by the power sword 3 may be collected and supplied to the water tank 7.
- Example 1 and Example 3 The methanol inclusion conjugate prepared in Example 1 and Example 3 and, for comparison, an 11% by weight aqueous solution of methanol prepared by mixing methanol with pure water were each placed in a glass bottle at 20 ° C. It was left in the freezer for 24 hours. As a result, the methanol inclusion inclusion conjugates of Examples 1 and 2 showed no change, and the 11% by weight aqueous methanol solution was frozen.
- the samples after the above three types of freezing tests were heated to 100 ° C., and the same application tests to fuel cells as in Example 5 were performed.
- the force applied immediately after the methanol was released by heating the 11% by weight aqueous solution of 11% by weight methanol took a long time to thaw, and the force could not be applied immediately.
- the method for detecting the abundance of a fuel substance in a fuel composition for a fuel cell includes the step of detecting the abundance of the fuel substance in a fuel composition containing a molecular compound of a fuel substance for a fuel cell and a counterpart compound. And detecting the abundance of the fuel substance by comparing the index characteristics of the molecular compound and Z or the counterpart compound with the index characteristics of the fuel composition.
- a molecular compound is a compound in which two or more kinds of compounds that can exist stably alone are relatively weak mutual bonds other than a covalent bond represented by a hydrogen bond, van der Waals force, or the like. It is a compound bound by action, and includes hydrates, solvates, adducts, clathrates, and the like.
- Such a molecular compound can be formed by a contact reaction between a partner compound that forms the molecular compound and a fuel substance.
- a liquid fuel substance is changed into a solid compound, and the molecular compound is made relatively lightweight and It has many advantages such as stable storage of fuel materials. Then, a fuel substance can be easily released from the molecular compound by heating or contact with water and supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell.
- the form of the fuel cell according to the second aspect is not particularly limited, but is preferably a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and includes a direct methanol fuel cell and the like.
- the fuel substance according to the second aspect is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a fuel for a fuel cell.
- the fuel substance include hydrogen, alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, and acetates. It is not limited to these. More specifically, examples of the fuel substance include alcohols such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, and ethylene glycol; ethers such as dimethyl ether, methylethyl ether, and ethyl ether; propane, butane; And acetals such as dimethoxymethane and trimethoxymethane. These fuel substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the host compound that forms an inclusion compound that includes the fuel substance those composed of an organic compound, an inorganic compound, and an organic-inorganic composite compound are known.
- an organic compound as a hostile compound a monomolecular type, a polymolecular type, a polymer type host and the like are known.
- Examples of the monomolecular hosty conjugate include cyclodextrins, crown ethers, tallipands, cyclophanes, azacyclophanes, calixarenes, cyclotriveratrilens, suelanders, cyclic oligopeptides, and the like. Is mentioned.
- Multimolecular host compounds include ureas, thioureas, deoxycholates, perhydrotriphenylenes, tri-o-thymotides, bianthrils, spirobifluorenes, cyclophosphazenes, monoalcohols , Diols, acetylene alcohols, hydroxybenzophenones, phenols, bisphenols, trisphenols, tetrakisphenols, polyphenols, naphthols, bisnaphthols, diphenylmethanols, carboxylic acids Examples include amides, thioamides, bixanthenes, carboxylic acids, imidazoles, hydroquinones, and the like.
- polymer-based host conjugate examples include celluloses, starches, chitins, chitosans, polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene glycol arm polymers having 1,1,2,2-tetrakisphenylethane as a core, (Polyethylene glycol arm type polymers having X, ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ , -tetrakisphenyl-xylene as a core)
- organic hostile conjugate examples include an organic phosphorus conjugate and an organic silicon compound.
- Examples of the inorganic hosty conjugates include titanium oxide, graphite, alumina, transition metal dicalgogenite, lanthanum fluoride, clay minerals (such as montmorillonite), silver salts, silicates, phosphates, zeolites, and silica. And porous glass.
- organometallic compounds also exhibit properties as a hostile compound, such as organic aluminum compounds, organic titanium compounds, organic boron compounds, organic zinc compounds, organic indium compounds, organic gallium compounds, and organic tellurium compounds.
- a hostile compound such as organic aluminum compounds, organic titanium compounds, organic boron compounds, organic zinc compounds, organic indium compounds, organic gallium compounds, and organic tellurium compounds.
- Compounds, organotin conjugates, organozirconium compounds, organomagnesium compounds, and the like It is also possible to use a metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid, an organic metal complex, or the like as the host conjugate.
- Organometallic compounds The substance-based hostile conjugate is not particularly limited to these.
- power generation is performed by supplying the fuel substance released from the molecular compound of the fuel substance and the partner compound to the fuel cell. Since the partner compound and the molecular compound after releasing the fuel substance from the molecular compound have different characteristics in color, crystal form, etc., in the second aspect, the change in the index characteristic is used by utilizing the change in the index characteristic. Detecting the amount of fuel substance present in the fuel composition.
- the index characteristic of the molecular compound between the fuel substance and the counterpart compound is “S” and the index characteristic of the counterpart compound is “S”
- the fuel composition contains no fuel substance.
- a corresponding amount of fuel substance will be present in the fuel composition.
- Such an index characteristic can be easily determined by converting it into an electric signal.
- There is no particular limitation on the type of this indicator characteristic but when ⁇ color '' is used as the indicator characteristic, it is easy to grasp the residual fuel substance by visually observing the appearance of the fuel composition. Is advantageous.
- the host compound having a color-forming functional group in the host compound described above is suitable as the host compound having a color change.
- Specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, host conjugates represented by the following general formula (1), in which a color-forming functional group is introduced into imidazoles.
- R 1 and R may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a methoxy group, an amino group, a dimethylamino group, a nitro group or a halogen atom.
- R 3 represents a -toro group, a cyano group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, an acetyl group or a formyl group
- R 4 and R 5 each represent a hydrogen atom or a group bonded to each other to form a condensed ring.
- R 6 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 14 to 14 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a methoxy group, an amino group, a dimethylamino group, a nitro group, or a phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted with one or more selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms. -Represents a phenyl group. ]
- Examples of the imidazole host conjugate represented by the above general formula (1) include 4,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) -2- (2-trophenyl) imidazole, , 5-Bis (4-methoxyphenyl) imidazole, 2,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) imidazole, 4,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) imidazole, 4,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) imidazole (4-aminophenol) -2- (2-trophenyl) imidazole, 4,5-bis (4-aminophenyl) -2- (3-trophenyl) imidazole, 4,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl)-2- (4-trophenyl) imidazole, 4,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl)-2- (2-trophenyl) -1-methylimidazole, 4,5 Bis (4-methoxyphenyl) — 2- (3-trophyl) —1-
- One of these hostile conjugates may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- an organic hostile conjugate can also be used as an organic-inorganic composite material supported on an inorganic porous material.
- the porous substance supporting the organic host compound include silica, zeolites, and activated carbons, as well as intercalation compounds such as clay minerals and montmorillonite, but are not limited thereto.
- the organic-inorganic composite material is prepared by dissolving the above-described organic host conjugate in a solvent capable of dissolving the same, impregnating the solution in a porous material, drying the solvent, and drying under reduced pressure. It can be manufactured by a method.
- the amount of the organic host compound carried on the porous substance is not particularly limited, but is usually about 10 to 80% by weight based on the porous substance.
- a method for synthesizing an inclusion compound of a fuel substance using a host compound such as 4,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) -2- (3-trophenyl) imidazole includes a method of synthesizing a fuel substance and a host compound. A method of directly contacting and mixing the same can be mentioned, whereby an inclusion compound including the fuel substance can be easily synthesized.
- the inclusion compound can also be synthesized by dissolving the host compound in the fuel material by heating or the like, and then recrystallizing the same.
- the temperature at which the fuel substance is brought into contact with the host conjugate is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 100 ° C at room temperature.
- the pressure conditions at this time but it is preferable to carry out the reaction in a normal pressure environment.
- the time for bringing the fuel substance into contact with the hostile conjugate but it is preferably about 0.01 to 24 hours from the viewpoint of work efficiency and the like.
- the fuel substance to be brought into contact with the host substance is preferably a high-purity fuel. However, when a host substance having selective inclusion of the fuel substance is used, the fuel substance and other components are used. It may be a liquid mixture with.
- the clathrate conjugate obtained in this manner varies depending on the kind of the host conjugate used, the contact condition with the fuel substance, and the like, but usually, 1 mol of the fuel substance is added to 1 mol of the host conjugate. It is an inclusion complex containing 0.1 to 10 moles of molecules.
- the clathrate conjugate obtained as described above can stably store a fuel substance for a long period of time in a normal temperature and normal pressure environment.
- the clathrate conjugate is lightweight and excellent in handleability, and is generally in a solid state, so that it can be easily stored in a container of glass, metal, plastic, or the like, The problem of liquid leakage is also eliminated.
- the gaseous or liquid fuel substance becomes solid by inclusion, the property as a harmful substance or a dangerous substance can be avoided.
- the chemical reactivity of the fuel substance can be reduced, and for example, the corrosiveness to metals can be reduced.
- the method for extracting the fuel substance from the state of a molecular compound such as an inclusion compound there is no particular limitation on the method for extracting the fuel substance from the state of a molecular compound such as an inclusion compound, but the fuel substance can be easily extracted by heating.
- the molecular compound is an clathrate compound, it depends on the type of host conjugate used, but it is sufficient to heat it to about 200 ° C. at room temperature, so that the fuel substance can be easily separated from the clathrate compound. It can be released and used for various purposes.
- the heating method is not particularly limited.
- a 1S thermoelectric element such as a Peltier element
- an ink jet printer head such as a thermal method
- a combination of a surface acoustic wave element and the like may be used.
- the fuel substance By bringing a molecular compound such as an inclusion complex into contact with water, the fuel substance can be eluted into the water to take out the fuel substance.
- water may be an aqueous solution of the fuel substance, and the fuel substance may be eluted from a molecular compound such as an inclusion complex to prepare a fuel substance aqueous solution having a concentration appropriate for the intended use by appropriately eluting the fuel substance.
- the host ridge conjugate After releasing the fuel substance from the clathrate conjugate, the host ridge conjugate has a selective inclusion ability for the fuel substance, and can be effectively reused for the clathrate ligature of the fuel substance. is there.
- the color of the partner compound after releasing the molecular compound force and the molecular compound of the fuel substance and the partner compound are respectively determined in advance.
- the amount of the fuel substance in the fuel composition can be easily detected.
- color is used as the indicator characteristic, it is possible to quantify the color using a chromaticity meter or the like, and thereby accurately determine the fuel substance amount.
- the abundance of the fuel substance in the fuel composition for a fuel cell containing the molecular compound of the fuel substance for the fuel cell and the counterpart compound is determined by comparing the abundance of the molecular compound and Z or the counterpart compound.
- the second aspect is a force that is useful as a method for detecting the remaining amount of fuel in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, particularly a direct methanol fuel cell, which is promising as a small portable fuel cell.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to various fuel cells.
- the second aspect will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
- the second aspect is not limited to the following examples as long as the gist is not exceeded.
- the host conjugate which includes the fuel substance includes 4,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) -2- (3-ditrophenol) -1H-imidazole (hereinafter, referred to as "imidazole”).
- BMNI 4,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) -2- (3-ditrophenol) -1H-imidazole
- methanol was used as the fuel substance.
- the color of the crystals of BMNI is yellow.
- the methanol clathrate conjugate obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 was packed in a column, and water was passed through this column. As a result, methanol eluted toward the water side, and methanol in the crystal was eluted with the elution of methanol. The color of the crystals in the column changed to the yellow of the deep red force BMNI due to the gradual decrease of.
- An electrolyte membrane 'electrode assembly was produced as follows.
- As the electrolyte membrane Nafion, a perfluorosulfonic acid-based ion exchange membrane, was used.
- Pt particles were used as the supported catalyst, and were supported on acetylene black to provide electron conductivity. The amount of Pt supported was 50% by weight based on acetylene black.
- the Pt supported catalyst with 5 wt 0 / oNafion solution was mixed by attaching an electrode layer blown to the electrolyte membrane by a spray brush.
- the membrane with the electrode layer attached was dried in a dryer at 90 ° C for 1 hour, sandwiched between Teflon plates, and pressed with a hot press at 130 ° C and 20MPa for 30 minutes to obtain the electrolytic membrane and the electrode. Were joined.
- FIG. 1 is an electrolyte membrane
- 2 is an electrode (anode)
- 3 is an electrode (force sword)
- 4 is an oxidant channel
- 5 is a fuel absorber.
- a cladding inclusion tank 6 and a water tank 7 were provided in contact with the fuel absorber 5.
- These tanks 6 and 7 are provided with heating elements 6A and 7A, respectively, and are configured so as to be able to heat the contents in the tanks, respectively.
- the clathrate ligature tank 6 is filled with the methanol clathrate ligate produced in Example 9, and heated to 100 ° C by the heating element 6A to release methanol.
- the water in the water tank 7 was heated to 100 ° C. by the heater 7A and supplied to the fuel absorber 5.
- Example 11 Using the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) produced in the same manner as in Example 11, a direct methanol fuel cell system for supplying a methanol aqueous solution as shown in FIG. 2 was assembled.
- 1 is an electrolyte membrane
- 2 is an electrode (anode)
- 3 is an electrode (force sword).
- the illustration of the oxidant flow path and the fuel absorber is omitted.
- Reference numeral 6 denotes a clathrate bath, which includes a heating element 6A.
- 11 is a concentration adjustment tank
- 12 is a CO removal means.
- the clathrate ligature product tank 6 was filled with the methanol clathrate ligate produced in Example 9, and heated to 100 ° C by the heating element 6A to release methanol.
- the solution was supplied to the concentration adjusting tank 11 to prepare a 20% by weight aqueous methanol solution, which was supplied to the fuel absorber of the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly.
- concentration adjustment tank 11 recovered water used in the anode 2 and having a reduced methanol concentration is circulated after being treated by the CO removal means 12. Water generated by force sword 3 also enters concentration adjustment tank 11
- Example 11 Using the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) manufactured in the same manner as in Example 11, a direct methanol fuel cell system for supplying a methanol aqueous solution as shown in FIG. 3 was assembled.
- 1 is an electrolyte membrane
- 2 is an electrode (anode)
- 3 is an electrode (force sword).
- the illustration of the oxidant flow path and the fuel absorber is omitted.
- Numeral 6 denotes a clathrate dangling compound tank
- numeral 7 denotes a water tank.
- the methanol clathrate compound produced in Example 9 was put, and water from the water tank 7 was supplied to the clathrate compound tank 6 to form a methanol clathrate.
- the dangling product was brought into contact with water to release methanol into the water, to prepare a 20% by weight aqueous methanol solution, which was fed to the fuel absorber of the electrolyte membrane 'electrode assembly.
- the fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect is characterized by containing a liquid organic fuel and a compound that forms a complex or a molecular compound with the liquid organic fuel.
- a method for using a solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect is a solid oxide fuel cell including a fuel electrode, an oxidant electrode, and a solid electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode. The method according to the above, wherein the fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell is supplied to the fuel electrode.
- the solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect includes a solid electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the fuel electrode, the oxidant electrode, the fuel electrode and the oxidizing electrode, and the solid electrolyte fuel cell described above. It is equipped with fuel.
- the solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect is also a solid oxide fuel cell including a fuel electrode, an oxidant electrode, and a solid electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode. And a fuel supply means for supplying the fuel electrode with the fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell.
- a solid electrolyte membrane used for a solid oxide fuel cell a solid electrolyte membrane having high deuterium ion conductivity, typically represented by Nafion (registered trademark), is generally used! .
- the high hydrogen ion conductivity of such a solid electrolyte membrane is a force that is exhibited by the presence of moisture in the solid electrolyte membrane.On the other hand, the inclusion of this moisture allows the liquid organic fuel such as methanol as described above to be converted into water. It easily dissolves and moves in the solid electrolyte membrane to reach the oxidant electrode, thereby promoting the occurrence of crossover.
- the liquid organic fuel supplied to the fuel electrode cannot pass through the solid electrolyte membrane, and the compound forming a complex or a molecular compound with the liquid organic fuel (hereinafter referred to as a "capturing compound” May be referred to as ").
- a substance layer for trapping the liquid organic fuel is formed between the fuel electrode and the solid electrolyte membrane, and the passage of the liquid organic fuel is suppressed, so that it is possible to reduce crossover.
- the trapping compound which is a feature of the fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect, will be described.
- the trapping compound is not particularly limited as long as it forms a complex or a molecular compound with the liquid organic fuel. It is effective in terms of the trapping effect that the compound does not pass through the membrane and is not a sulfuric acid, a saccharide, an alcohol, an amine or a strong electrolyte. It is also important that the metal parts in the fuel cell be less corrosive, electrochemically stable and non-volatile.
- Examples of the trapping compound include crown ethers, cryptands, cyclophans, azacyclophanes, elixirenes, cyclotriveratrilens, spherelands, oligopeptides, cyclic oligopeptides, ureas, thioureas, Deoxycholic acids, perhydrotriphenylenes, tree o-thymotides, bianthrils, spirobifluorenes, cyclophosphazenes, hydroxybenzophenones, phenols, bisphenols, trisphenols, tetrakisphenol , Polyphenols, naphthols, bisnaphthols, carboxamides, thioamides, bixanthenes, carboxylic acids, hydroquinones, and the like.
- a molecular compound is a compound that is a compound that can exist stably by itself and has a relatively weak mutual bond other than a covalent bond represented by a hydrogen bond, van der Waals force, or the like. It is a compound bound by action, and includes hydrates, solvates, adducts, clathrates, and the like.
- the trapping compound according to the third aspect is a liquid organic fuel! / Even in the state of being dissolved in a solvent or the like, the formation of a complex or a molecular compound occurs due to the intermolecular interaction or the like, and an excessive amount of the liquid organic fuel is immediately captured thereby, so that crossover can be avoided.
- examples of the scavenging compound include urea, thiourea, dexcholate, colic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'dihydroxybenzophenone, and 2,2 ' —Dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2 ', 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 4-methoxyphenol, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 4,4'-sulfo- Rubisphenol, 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6t-butylphenol), 4,4'-ethylidenebisphenol, 4,4'-thiobis (3-methyl-6t-butylphenol), 1,1,3-tris ( 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5 t-butylphenyl) butane, 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (4 —Hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylene, 1,1,2,2-t
- trapping compounds among them, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,1, Phenolic compounds such as 2,2-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylene, hydroquinones such as hydroquinone, and amides such as bisdicyclohexylamide fumarate Economical, complex or molecular compound forming ability It is advantageous in terms of.
- One of these scavenging conjugates may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- a liquid organic fuel having a CH bond is preferably used.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol
- ethers such as dimethyl ether
- cycloparaffins such as cyclohexane
- Cycloparaffins having a hydrophilic group such as a carboxyl group, an amino group or an amide group
- mono- or di-substituted cycloparaffins and the like
- the cycloparaffins cycloparaffins and their substituted products are used, and those other than aromatic compounds are used.
- the fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect is a fuel containing these liquid organic fuels, the above-described trapping compound, and a solvent used as necessary.
- the trapping compound can be dissolved in the liquid organic fuel beforehand when operating the fuel cell. Both may be mixed immediately before the fuel electrode so that the liquid organic fuel and the trapping compound are supplied to the fuel electrode of the battery.
- the solvent water, alcohols and the like are usually used as long as they are soluble in the liquid organic fuel and the trapping compound.
- the concentration of the liquid organic fuel in the solid oxide fuel cell fuel of the third aspect is usually used as 590% by weight. If the liquid organic fuel concentration is too low, the fuel efficiency will be poor, and if it is too high, safety issues will arise.
- the concentration of the trapping compound is preferably in the range of 0.001 to ImolZL. If the concentration of the trapping compound in the fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell is too low, the effect of suppressing the crossover due to the addition of the trapping compound cannot be sufficiently obtained, and if it is too high, it is economically disadvantageous.
- the fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell preferably has a pH value of 18.
- a pH adjuster such as an acid or an alkali may be added as necessary.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the solid oxide fuel cell according to the embodiment.
- the electrode-electrolyte assembly 21 includes a fuel electrode 22, an oxidizer electrode 23, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24.
- the fuel electrode 22 is composed of a base 22A and a catalyst layer 22B.
- the oxidant electrode 23 includes a base 23A and a catalyst layer 23B.
- a plurality of electrode / electrolyte assemblies 21 are electrically connected via a fuel electrode side separator 25 and an oxidant electrode side separator 26 to constitute a fuel cell 30.
- the fuel 27 is supplied to the fuel electrode 22 of each electrode / electrolyte assembly 21 via the fuel electrode side separator 25.
- the oxidizer electrode 23 of each electrode / electrolyte assembly 21 is connected to the air or oxygen through an oxidizer electrode side separator 26. Of oxidant 28 is supplied.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 has a role of separating the fuel electrode 22 and the oxidizer electrode 23 and transferring hydrogen ions between the two. For this reason, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 is preferably a membrane having high conductivity of hydrogen ions. Further, it is preferable that the material is chemically stable and has high mechanical strength.
- an organic polymer having a polar group such as a strong acid group such as a sulfone group, a phosphate group, a phosphone group, or a phosphine group or a weak acid group such as a carboxyl group is used. Molecules are preferably used.
- Such organic polymers include aromatic-containing polymers such as sulfonidani poly (4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene) and alkylsulfonated polybenzoimidazole; polystyrene sulfonic acid copolymer, polyvinyl sulfonic acid Copolymers such as copolymers, cross-linked alkyl sulfonic acid derivatives, fluorine-containing polymers composed of a fluorinated resin skeleton and sulfonic acid; acrylamides such as acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and n-butyl methacrylate Copolymers obtained by copolymerization with various atalylates; perfluorocarbons containing sulfone groups (Naphion (registered trademark, manufactured by DuPont), acylplex (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation)); perfluorocarbons containing carboxyl groups (Flemi
- aromatic-containing polymers such as sulfonated poly (4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene) and alkylsulfonated polybenzoimidazole are selected.
- permeation of liquid organic fuel can be suppressed.
- a decrease in battery efficiency due to crossover can be suppressed.
- both the fuel electrode 22 and the oxidant electrode 23 include carbon paper, a molded carbon article, a sintered carbon article, a sintered metal, a foamed metal, and the like. Can be used.
- a water repellent such as polytetrafluoroethylene can be used for the water repellent treatment of these substrates.
- Examples of the catalyst for the fuel electrode 22 include platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, lithium, lanthanum, strontium, and yttrium. These catalysts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the catalyst for the oxidant electrode 23 the same catalyst as that for the fuel electrode 22 can be used, and the above-mentioned exemplified substances can be used.
- the medium may be the same or different.
- Examples of the carbon particles supporting the catalyst include acetylene black (such as Denka Black (registered trademark, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo), XC72 (manufactured by Vulcan)), Ketjen Black, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanohorn. Is done.
- the average particle size of the carbon particles is, for example, 0.01 to 0.0.m, preferably 0.02 to 0.06 m.
- the method for producing the fuel electrode 22 and the oxidant electrode 23 is not particularly limited, but can be produced, for example, as follows. First, the catalysts of the fuel electrode 22 and the oxidant electrode 23 are supported on the carbon particles by a generally used impregnation method. Next, the carbon particles carrying the catalyst and the solid polymer electrolyte particles are dispersed in a solvent to form a paste, which is then applied to the substrates 22A and 23A and dried to form the fuel electrode 22 and the oxidizer electrode. 23 can be obtained.
- the average particle size of the carbon particles is, for example, 0.01 to 0.1 ⁇ m as described above.
- the average particle size of the catalyst particles is, for example, 110 nm.
- the average particle size of the solid polymer electrolyte particles is, for example, 0.05—: L m.
- the carbon particles and the solid polymer electrolyte particles are used, for example, in a weight ratio of 2: 1 to 40: 1.
- the weight ratio between water and solute in the paste is, for example, about 1: 2—10: 1.
- the method of applying the paste to the substrate is not particularly limited, and for example, methods such as brush coating, spray coating, and screen printing can be used.
- the paste is applied to a thickness of about 1 m-2 mm.
- heating is performed at a heating temperature and a heating time according to the fluorine resin of the solid polymer electrolyte to be used, and the fuel electrode 22 or the oxidant electrode 23 is produced.
- the heating temperature and the heating time are appropriately selected depending on the material to be used.
- the heating temperature can be 100 to 250 ° C.
- the heating time can be 30 seconds to 30 minutes.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 can be manufactured by employing an appropriate method depending on the material to be used. For example, when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 is composed of an organic polymer material, a liquid in which an organic polymer material is dissolved and dispersed in a solvent is placed on a peelable sheet such as polytetrafluoroethylene. It can be obtained by casting and drying.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 produced as described above is sandwiched between the fuel electrode 22 and the oxidant electrode 23 and hot-pressed to obtain the electrode-electrolyte assembly 21. At this time, the catalyst of both electrodes is set. The cut surface is in contact with the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24.
- Hot pressing conditions are selected according to the material. When the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 and the electrolyte membrane on the electrode surface are composed of organic high molecules, the temperature of hot pressing can be higher than the softening temperature or glass transition temperature of these polymers.
- the conditions for hot pressing are, specifically, a temperature of 100 to 250. C, pressure 5-100kgfZcm 2 (0.49-9.8MPa), time 10sec-1300sec.
- the above-described fuel for a solid oxide fuel cell is supplied to the fuel electrode 22 of the solid oxide fuel cell configured as described above.
- a layer of a substance for trapping the liquid organic fuel by the trapping conjugate is formed between the fuel 27 in the fuel electrode 22 and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24, whereby excess liquid organic fuel is formed. Since passage through the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 is suppressed, crossover can be reduced.
- the fuel for the solid electrolyte fuel cell of the third paste is supplied to the fuel electrode of the solid oxide fuel cell as described above. It is preferable to collect and reuse the used liquid organic fuel for improving the use efficiency of the fuel.
- a fuel supply unit 41 that supplies fuel to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 30, a fuel collection unit 42 that collects spent fuel from which the fuel of the fuel cell 30 is also discharged as much as possible,
- a concentration detector 43 for measuring the concentration of the liquid organic fuel and the trapping compound in the spent fuel, and a concentration for adjusting the concentration of the liquid organic fuel and the trapping compound in the spent liquid fuel.
- a fuel supply system 40 including an adjustment unit 44 is provided. The fuel containing the trapping compound is circulated for use by moving in the direction of the arrow in the figure by a liquid transport mechanism (not shown).
- the fuel is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 30 from the fuel supply unit 41, and is recovered by the fuel recovery unit 42 after passing through the fuel electrode. Substances generated by the electrode reaction at the fuel electrode, such as carbon dioxide, are separated in the fuel recovery section 42. Next, the concentration of the recovered fuel is detected. It is sent to part 43 where the concentrations of the liquid organic fuel and the trapping compound are measured. Based on the measurement result, the concentrations of the liquid organic fuel and the trapping compound are appropriately adjusted in the concentration adjusting section 44, and the concentration is regenerated as fuel. The fuel thus regenerated is transported through the fuel supply unit 41 and sent to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 30.
- the third aspect it is possible to suppress the crossover of the liquid organic fuel in the solid oxide fuel cell, thereby realizing high output and high fuel efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell. can do.
- the solid electrolyte fuel cell according to the third aspect using the fuel for the solid electrolyte fuel cell according to the third aspect suppresses the crossover of the liquid organic fuel. is there.
- the solid oxide fuel cell according to the third aspect includes a fuel electrode, an oxidizer electrode, and a solid electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode.
- a fuel electrode Is a so-called outside-type fuel cell employing a configuration in which is directly supplied.
- Conventional direct-type fuel cells have the advantages of high cell efficiency, and space saving because no reformer is required.On the other hand, cross-flow of liquid organic fuel such as methanol is achieved.
- One bar is a problematic force
- good battery efficiency can be stably realized over a long period of time while eliminating such a crossover problem.
- concentration adjustment means for adjusting the concentration of the liquid fuel and the trapping compound in the recovered spent fuel
- fuel having the adjusted concentration According to the solid oxide fuel cell device of the third aspect, which further includes a transportation means for transporting to the supply means, it is possible to reuse the small liquid organic fuel that is not completely consumed by the fuel electrode, Liquid organic fuel can be used efficiently without waste.
- acetylene black (Denka Black (registered trademark), manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added to 500 g of dinitrosamine platinum nitrate solution containing 3% by weight of platinum serving as a catalyst at the fuel electrode 22 and the oxidizer electrode 23. After mixing and stirring, 60 mL of 98% ethanol was added as a reducing agent. This solution was stirred and mixed at about 95 ° C. for 8 hours, and platinum fine particles were supported on acetylene black particles. This solution was filtered and dried to obtain platinum-carrying carbon particles. The supported amount of platinum was about 50% by weight based on the weight of acetylene black.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 Naphion 117 (registered trademark, film thickness: 150 m) manufactured by DuPont was used.
- the electrode obtained above is thermocompression-bonded to this solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 at 120 ° C., and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 24 is sandwiched between the fuel electrode 22 and the oxidizer electrode 23, at a temperature of 150 ° C. and a pressure of 10 kgfZcm.
- the electrode / electrolyte assembly 21 was produced by hot pressing under the conditions of 2 (0.998 MPa) for 10 seconds.
- a fuel flow channel 51 made of tetrafluoroethylene resin was provided on the fuel electrode 22 in order to supply fuel to the fuel electrode 22.
- the fuel flow path 51 was provided with a fuel tank 52 and a waste liquid tank 53.
- the fuel tank 52 is provided with a pump, and is configured to be able to constantly supply fuel to the fuel electrode 22 as shown by the arrow in the figure.
- an oxidizing agent flow path 54 made of tetrafluoroethylene resin was provided on the oxidizing agent electrode 23.
- the oxidizing agent channel 54 is provided with an oxygen compressor 55 and an exhaust port 56 so that oxygen can be constantly supplied to the oxidizing agent electrode 23 as shown by the arrow in the figure.
- the fuel tank 52 10 weight 0/0 1 methanol water solution, 1-bis (4-hydroxy Hue - Le ) A fuel in which cyclohexane was dissolved was injected. The concentration of 1,1 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane in this fuel was 0.1 OlmolZL. This fuel was supplied to the fuel electrode 22 at 2 mLZmin. Oxygen at an atmospheric pressure (0.1 llMPa) and 25 ° C was supplied to the oxidizer electrode 23 by an oxygen compressor 55.
- Example 14 the fuel cell was operated in the same manner except that a fuel in which hydroquinone was dissolved in a 10% by weight aqueous methanol solution was used as the fuel to be injected into the fuel tank 52, and the current-voltage characteristics of the unit cells were measured. Table 1 shows the measurement results. Hyde mouth of this fuel
- the quinone concentration was 0.1 OlmolZL.
- the fuel cell was operated in the same manner as in Example 14 except that a fuel in which bisdicyclohexyl fumarate was dissolved in a 10% by weight aqueous methanol solution was used as the fuel to be injected into the fuel tank 52.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the current-voltage characteristics.
- the bisdicyclohexyl fumarate concentration of this fuel was 0.1 Olmol ZL.
- the fuel cell was operated in the same manner as in Example 14 except that a 10% by weight aqueous methanol solution was used as the fuel to be injected into the fuel tank 22, and the current-voltage characteristics of the unit cells were measured. The results are shown in Table 1. .
- Comparative Example 1-21 0 35 [0185] From Table 1, it is clear that the unit cells of Examples 14 to 16 are superior to the unit cell of Comparative Example 1 in all of the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and maximum power.
- the method for releasing fuel from a fuel composition for a fuel cell is a method for releasing fuel from a fuel composition containing a fuel for a fuel cell, wherein the fuel composition for a fuel cell is water. The fuel is released into the water by contact with the water.
- the form of the fuel cell according to the fourth aspect is not particularly limited, but is preferably a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and includes a direct methanol fuel cell and the like.
- the fuel for a fuel cell according to the fourth aspect is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a fuel for a fuel cell.
- Examples thereof include hydrogen, alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, and acetal. Forces are not limited to these. More specifically, examples of the fuel substance include hydrogen, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, and ethylene glycol; ethers such as dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether and getyl ether; propane and butane. And acetals such as dimethoxymethane and trimethoxymethane. These fuels for fuel cells may be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
- the form of the fuel composition for a fuel cell according to the fourth aspect includes [1] a fuel compound for a fuel cell as a molecular compound, and [2] a polymer for absorbing the fuel for a fuel cell into a polymer. Powers such as things are not limited to these.
- a molecular compound is a compound in which two or more compounds that can exist stably alone are bonded by relatively weak interactions other than covalent bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. And include hydrates, solvates, adducts, and clathrates. Such a molecular compound is a partner for forming the molecular compound.
- the compound can be formed by a contact reaction between the compound and a fuel for a fuel cell.For example, a gas or liquid fuel for a fuel cell is changed into a solid compound, and the fuel for a fuel cell is made relatively lightweight and stable. Can be stored.
- Examples of the molecular compound according to the fourth aspect include an inclusion compound in which a fuel for a fuel cell is included by a contact reaction between a host compound and a fuel for a fuel cell.
- a host compound forming an inclusion compound in which a fuel for a fuel cell is included a compound comprising an organic compound, an inorganic compound, and an organic-inorganic composite compound is known.
- the organic compound as a host compound a monomolecular type, a polymolecular type, a polymer type host and the like are known.
- the monomolecular hosty conjugates include cyclodextrins, crown ethers, tallipands, cyclophanes, azacyclophanes, calixarenes, cyclotriveratrilens, suelanders, cyclic oligopeptides, and the like. Is mentioned.
- Multimolecular host compounds include ureas, thioureas, deoxycholates, perhydrotriphenylenes, tri-o-thymotides, bianthrils, spirobifluorenes, cyclophosphazenes, monoalcohols , Diols, acetylene alcohols, hydroxybenzophenones, phenols, bisphenols, trisphenols, tetrakisphenols, polyphenols, naphthols, bisnaphthols, diphenylmethanols, carboxylic acids Examples include amides, thioamides, bixanthenes, carboxylic acids, imidazoles, hydroquinones, and the like.
- polymer-based host conjugate examples include celluloses, starches, chitins, chitosans, polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene glycol arm polymers having 1,1,2,2-tetrakisphenylethane as a core, (Polyethylene glycol arm type polymers having X, ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ , -tetrakisphenyl-xylene as a core)
- organic hostile conjugate examples include an organic phosphorus conjugate and an organic silicon compound.
- Examples of the inorganic hostoy conjugate include titanium oxide, graphite, alumina, transition metal dicargogenite, lanthanum fluoride, clay mineral (such as montmorillonite), silver salt, silicate, phosphate, zeolite, and silica. And porous glass.
- Some organometallic compounds also exhibit properties as a hostile compound, such as organic aluminum compounds, organic titanium compounds, organic boron compounds, organic zinc compounds, organic indium compounds, organic gallium compounds, and organic tellurium compounds.
- Compounds, organotin conjugates, organozirconium compounds, organomagnesium compounds, and the like It is also possible to use a metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid, an organic metal complex, or the like as the host conjugate.
- the organometallic compound based conjugate is not particularly limited to these.
- multimolecular host conjugate examples include urea, 1,1,6,6-tetraphenylhexa 2,4-diyne 1,6-diol, 1,1 bis (2,4 —Dimethylphenyl) — 2-propyne—1-ol, 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl—2-butyne—1,4-diol, 1,1,6,6-tetrakis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) 2,4-hexadiyne 1,6-diol, 9,10-diphenyl 9,10-dihydroanthracene 9,10-diol, 9,10-bis (4-methylphenyl) -1,9,10- Dihydroanthracene 9,10-diol, 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane-1,2-diol, 4-methoxyphenol, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2
- Examples of the host compound include, among those described above, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 1,1,2,2-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,1 Phenolic host compounds such as 2,2,2-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylene, amide based host compounds such as bis (dicyclohexylamide) diphenate and bisdicyclohexylamide fumarate; Imidazole-based conjugates such as [9,10-d] imidazole are advantageous in terms of the inclusion ability, especially 1,1, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclo.
- a phenolic host conjugate such as xan is advantageous in that it is industrially easy to use.
- One of these hostile daggers may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- an organic hostile conjugate can also be used as an organic-inorganic composite material supported on an inorganic porous material.
- the porous substance supporting the organic host compound include silica, zeolites, and activated carbons, as well as intercalation compounds such as clay minerals and montmorillonite, but are not limited thereto.
- the organic-inorganic composite material is prepared by dissolving the above-described organic host conjugate in a solvent capable of dissolving the same, impregnating the solution in a porous material, drying the solvent, and drying under reduced pressure. It can be manufactured by a method.
- Organic hosting for porous materials The amount of the compound carried is not particularly limited, but is usually about 10 to 80% by weight based on the porous substance.
- a method for synthesizing an inclusion compound of a fuel for a fuel cell using a host compound such as 1,1 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane a method of synthesizing the inclusion compound of a fuel for a fuel cell and the host compound is used. And a method of directly contacting and mixing the same, whereby an inclusion compound including the fuel for the fuel cell can be easily synthesized.
- the inclusion compound can also be synthesized by dissolving the host compound in the fuel for the fuel cell by heating or the like and then recrystallizing the same.
- the fuel for a fuel cell is a gas or a liquid
- the fuel can be made into an inclusion conjugate by contacting the fuel with the host conjugate in a pressurized state.
- the temperature at which the fuel for the fuel cell and the host conjugate are brought into contact is not particularly limited, but is preferably about room temperature and about 100 ° C. There are no particular restrictions on the pressure conditions at this time.
- the time for contacting the fuel for fuel cell with the hostile conjugate is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.01 to 24 hours from the viewpoint of work efficiency and the like.
- the fuel for the fuel cell to be brought into contact with the hostile conjugate is preferably a high-purity fuel.
- a hostile conjugate having the selective inclusion ability of the fuel for a fuel cell It may be a liquid mixture of fuel for fuel cells and other components.
- the clathrate conjugate obtained in this manner varies depending on the type of the host conjugate used, the contact conditions with the fuel for a fuel cell, and the like. And 0.1 to 10 mol of fuel molecules for a fuel cell.
- the clathrate conjugate obtained as described above can stably store the fuel for a fuel cell for a long period of time in a normal temperature and normal pressure environment. Since the clathrate conjugate is lightweight, has excellent handleability, and can be solid, it can be easily stored in a glass, metal, plastic, or other container. The problem of liquid leakage is also eliminated. In addition, since the gaseous or liquid fuel for a fuel cell is usually solidified by inclusion, the property as a deleterious substance or a dangerous substance can be avoided. Further, the chemical reactivity of the fuel for a fuel cell can be reduced, and for example, the corrosiveness to a metal can be reduced.
- the host after releasing fuel for a fuel cell from such an inclusion complex by the method described below.
- the compound has a selective ability to include the fuel for the fuel cell, and can be effectively reused for the inclusion of the fuel for the fuel cell.
- This fuel composition is obtained by absorbing (impregnating) a liquid fuel for a fuel cell (hereinafter referred to as “liquid fuel”) into a crosslinked product (A) of the following polymer compound (1).
- Polymer compound (1) a polymer obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing a structural unit having a carboxyl group and a Z or sulfonic acid group in the molecule (hereinafter referred to as “acid-containing structural unit (a)”). 30 to 100 moles of the protons of the carboxyl group and Z or the sulfonic acid group of the polymer compound (2), wherein the content of the acidic group-containing structural unit (a) is 20 to 100% by weight.
- the polymer compound (1) is obtained by substituting a predetermined amount of the proton of the carboxyl group and Z or the sulfonic acid group of the polymer compound (2) with ⁇ -mcathione.
- the polymer compound (1) is not limited to those produced by the above method.
- the polymer compound (1) is obtained by substituting the protons of the carboxyl group and Z or the sulfonic acid group of the acidic group-containing structural unit (a) with dimethyl cation in advance. May be produced by polymerization or copolymerization.
- the crosslinked body (A) of the polymer compound (1) is not necessarily limited to a crosslinked body of the polymer compound (1) produced in advance, but a crosslinked body of the polymer compound (1) can be obtained. As long as it is crosslinked, it may be crosslinked at the stage of producing the polymer compound (2) or the polymer compound (1). Further, the introduction and crosslinking of the cation may be performed in two or more stages.
- Monomers having a carboxyl group such as (meth) acrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, sorbic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamate, and anhydrides thereof
- Monomers having a sulfonic acid group for example, aliphatic butyl sulfonic acid (such as butyl sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid, butyl toluene sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, etc.), (meth) acrylate type sulfonic acid [sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate, sulfo Propyl (meth) atarylate, etc.) and (meth) acrylamide type sulfonic acid [[acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate, etc. Is mentioned.
- the acidic group-containing structural unit (a) preferably has U and 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
- one kind of these acidic group-containing structural units (a) may be contained alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be contained.
- there are structural units copolymerizable with the acidic group-containing structural unit (a) other than the above-mentioned acidic group-containing structural unit (a) hereinafter referred to as “other structural units (b)”. ) Is included.
- Alkyl (meth) acrylate (C1-C30) esters specifically, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) ) Ethylhexyl acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, fluor (meth) acrylate, octyl phenyl (meth) acrylate, (meta) ) Cyclohexyl acrylate, etc.
- (Meth) acrylamides specifically, (meth) acrylamide, (di) methyl (meth) acrylamide, (di) ethyl (meth) acrylamide, (di) propyl (meth) acrylamide, etc.
- Aryl ethers specifically, methylaryl ether, ethylaryl ether, propylaryl ether, glycerol monoallyl ether, trimethylolpropanetriaryl ether, pentaerythritol monoallyl ether, etc.
- ⁇ -olefins having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; specifically, isobutylene, 1-hexene, 1-otene, iso-otene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, etc.
- C8-20 aromatic vinyl conjugates specifically, styrene, t-butylstyrene, octylstyrene, etc.
- bur compounds specifically N buracetoamide, bur caproate, bur laurate, bur stearate, etc.
- Amino group-containing monomer specifically, dialkyl (alkyl number of carbon atoms: 11 to 5) aminoethyl (meth) atalylate, meta (atalyloyl) oxhetyl trialkyl (alkyl number of carbon atoms: 1 to 5) ammo-dimethyl chloride , Bromide or sulfate
- the content of the acidic group-containing structural unit (a) in the polymer compound (2) is usually 20 to 100% by weight, preferably 40 to 100% by weight, and more preferably 60 to 100% by weight.
- the content of the acidic group-containing structural unit (a) in the polymer compound (2) is less than 20%, even if the protons of the carboxyl group and the sulfonic acid group are replaced with the later-described cations, they can be stored. In some cases, the absorption amount of the target liquid fuel may be reduced, or the liquid fuel may not be able to be gelled with a small amount.
- (meth) acrylic acid may be used from the viewpoint of the polymerizability of the monomer and the stability of the produced polymer among the above-mentioned structural units.
- Alkyl esters, oxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, aryl ethers, phosphoryls, and aromatic vinyl compounds are preferred.
- the difference between the SP value of the liquid fuel and the other constituent unit (b) is 5 according to the SP value (solubility parameter) of the liquid fuel.
- the difference between the SP value of the liquid fuel to be absorbed and the SP value of the other constituent unit (b) is 3 or less because the absorption amount of the liquid fuel is more likely to increase the gelling force. It is more preferable to select
- the method for producing the polymer compound (2) is not particularly limited as long as it is a method by which a polymer compound (2) having a predetermined amount of the acidic group-containing structural unit (a) is finally obtained.
- the polymer compound (2) can be prepared by, for example, polymerizing the acidic group-containing structural unit (a) in a predetermined amount, or by using an esterified or amidated compound of the carboxyl group or sulfonic acid group-containing monomer. Then, a monomer that can be converted into a carboxyl group / sulfonic acid group is polymerized, and a predetermined amount of the carboxyl group / sulfonic acid group structural unit is incorporated into the molecule using a method such as hydrolysis.
- It can also be manufactured by introducing. Further, it can also be produced by a method of graft-copolymerizing a polysaccharide polymer containing a carboxyl group or a sulfonic acid group represented by carboxymethylcellulose and the polysaccharide with another monomer.
- Polymer Compound (1) is a 30-100 mole 0/0 of the proton of the carboxyl group and Z or scan sulfonic acid groups of such a polymer compound (2) O - is obtained by replacing in Umukachion .
- the quaternary ammonium cation (I), the tertiary phospho-cation (11), the quaternary phospho-cation (111), and the tertiary oxonium cation ( IV) Group strength of strong cations
- One or more selected cations may be mentioned.
- Examples of the quaternary ammonium cation (I) include the following (I1)-(1-11).
- (1-1) Aliphatic quaternary ammonium having alkyl groups having 430 or more carbon atoms and Z or an alkyl group; specifically, tetramethylammonium, ammonium Tiltrimethylammonium, getyldimethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, trimethylpropylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, butyltrimethylammonium , Tetrabutylammonium, etc.
- (G) Aromatic quaternary ammonium having 6 to 30 or more carbon atoms; specifically, trimethylphenammonium, dimethylethylphenammonium, triethyl Phenyl ammonium etc.
- Tetrahydropyrimidi-dum having 430 or more carbon atoms specifically, 1,3-dimethyltetrahydropyridi-dum, 1,2,3-trimethyltetrahydropyridi -Palm, 1,2,3,4-Tetramethyltetrahydropyridi-pam, 8-Methyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] —7-Pendecepam, 5-Methinolay 1,5 —Diazabicyclo [4,3,0] —5-none, 3-cyanomethyl-1,2-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidi-dim, 3-acetylmethyl-1,2-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidi-dim, 4-methylcarboxymethy Rue 1,2,3-Trimethyl-tetrahydridopyrimidi-dimethyl, 3-methoxymethyl-1,2-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidi-dimethyl, 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dimethyl
- (G) Guadium having an imidazolyme skeleton having 3 to 30 or more carbon atoms; specifically, 2-dimethylamino-1,3,4-trimethylimidazolyme, 2-ethylethylamino-1,3 ,
- Examples of the tertiary phospho-pum cation (II) include the following (II 1)-(II 3).
- (II 1) Aliphatic tertiary phospho-phenols having an alkyl group having 130 or more carbon atoms and Z or an alkenyl group; specifically, trimethylsulfo-dim, triethylsulfomium, Tyldimethylsulfonium, getylmethylsulfonium, etc.
- Examples of the quaternary phospho-dum cation (III) include the following (III 1)-(III 3).
- (III 1) an aliphatic quaternary phospho-dum having an alkyl and Z or alkenyl group having 113 or more carbon atoms; specifically, tetramethylphospho-dum, tetraethylphospho-dum, Tetrapropylphosphonium, tetrabutylphosphonium, methyltriethylphosphonium, methyltripropylphosphonium, methyltributylphosphonium, dimethylethylenolphosphonium, dimethyldibutynolephosphonium, trimethinolene Etinolephosphonium, trimethylpropylphospho-pam, trimethylbutylphospho-pam, etc.
- Aromatic quaternary phospho-pam having 6 to 30 or more carbon atoms; specifically, triphe-noremethinolephospho-dim, diphe-noresimetinolephospho-dim, triphe -Norebenzinorehoshonium etc.
- (III 3) an alicyclic quaternary phospho-terminus having 3 to 30 or more carbon atoms; specifically, 1,1-dimethylphosphorum, 1-methyl-1-ethylphosphorum, 1,1-getyl phosphoranium , 1, 1-Jetyl phosphorinadium, 1, 1-pentaethylene phosphorinadium, etc.
- Examples of the quaternary oxonium cation (IV) include the following (IV-1)-(IV-3).
- (IV-1) Aliphatic tertiary oxonium having an alkyl group having 1 to 30 or more carbon atoms and Z or alkenyl group; specifically, trimethyloxo-dimethyl, triethyloxo-dimethyl, ethyldimethyl Oxo-Palm, Jethyl methyl oxo-Palm, etc.
- (IV-2) Aromatic tertiary oxonium having 6 to 30 or more carbon atoms; specifically, phenyldimethyloxo-dimethyl, phenylmethyloxo-dimethyl, phenylmethylbenzoyl-dimethyl. etc
- (IV-3) alicyclic tertiary oxonium having 3 to 30 or more carbon atoms; specifically, methyl oxolambium, phenyl oxolambium, methyl oxambam, etc.
- preferred cations are the quaternary ammonium cations (I), and more preferred are (I1), (I4) and (I5), and particularly preferred are Is (I 4) And (I 5).
- a method for substituting the proton of the carboxyl group and Z or sulfonic acid group of the polymer compound (2) with the above-mentioned aurium cation a method capable of substituting a predetermined amount of this proton with p-dumcation is used. Either method may be used.
- the hydroxide salt of onium cation for example, tetraethylammonium hydroxide
- the monomethyl carbonate salt for example, 1,2,3,4 trimethylimidazo
- substitution may be similarly performed at the stage of a monomer constituting the polymer compound (2).
- a method can be used to obtain a fixed amount of a polymer compound (1) into which a cation is introduced, the proton of the carboxyl group and Z or the sulfonic acid group of the acidic group-containing structural unit (a) can be replaced with the cation. May be performed at any stage.
- the proton of the carboxyl group and Z or sulfonic acid groups of the polymer compound (2) O - percentage be replaced by ⁇ beam cation is generally 30 one 100 moles 0 / 0, preferably 50 - 100 mole 0/0, more preferably a 70 to 100 mole 0/0. If the cation substitution is less than 30 mol%, the dissociation of the carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group and cation of the polymer compound (1) is too low, and the swelling ability is sometimes low.
- Cross-linking is performed in any of the above-mentioned steps of producing the polymer compound (2) or the step of producing the polymer compound (1), It is a crosslinked product (A).
- a crosslinking method a known method, for example, the following method (1)-(5) can be mentioned.
- the acidic cation-containing structural unit (a) and Z or the acidic cation-containing structural unit (a), which are the raw materials of the polymer compound (2), are substituted with a cation, and other structural units (b) used as necessary.
- a copolymerizable cross-linking agent that is copolymerizable with one or more of the following (hereinafter, these are collectively referred to as “raw material components”) or that has two or more double bonds in the molecule is used as the raw material component.
- raw material components one or more of the following
- copolymerizable cross-linking agent examples include multi-butyl type cross-linking agents such as dibutylbenzene, (meth) acrylamide-type cross-linking agents such as N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and multi-valent aryl ether types such as pentaerythritol triallyl ether
- crosslinking agent examples include polyvalent (meth) acrylate-type crosslinking agents such as a crosslinking agent and trimethylolpropane triatalylate.
- a method of cross-linking before or during the synthesis of polymer compound (2) using a reactive cross-linking agent having two or more functional groups capable of reacting with the functional groups of the raw material components in the molecule examples include polyisocyanate-type cross-linking agents such as 4,4, diphenylmethanediisocyanate; polyepoxy-type cross-linking agents such as polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether; and polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin.
- Crosslinking agents polyvalent amines such as hexamethylenetetramine and polyethyleneimine, imine-type crosslinking agents, haloepoxy-type crosslinking agents such as epichlorohydrin, and polyvalent metal salt-type crosslinking agents such as aluminum sulfate.
- the polymer compound ( A method of crosslinking before or during the synthesis of 2).
- the polymerization reactive cross-linking agent include glycidyl (meth) atalylate-type cross-linking agents such as dalicidyl methacrylate, and allyl epoxy-type cross-linking agents such as aryl glycidyl ether.
- a method of crosslinking the polymer compound (1) by irradiating the polymer compound (1) with radiation such as ultraviolet rays, electron beams, and ⁇ -rays, or a method of irradiating the raw material components with ultraviolet rays, electron beams, ⁇ -rays, and the like Method of simultaneous polymerization and cross-linking during the synthesis of compound (2). (5) Crosslinking by heating;
- crosslinking methods preferred methods vary depending on the use and form of the final product. However, from the comprehensive viewpoint, (1) crosslinking with a copolymerizable crosslinking agent, (2) crosslinking with a reactive crosslinking agent, and (4) Cross-linking by irradiation.
- polyvalent (meth) acrylamide type crosslinking agents preferred are polyvalent (meth) acrylamide type crosslinking agents, aryl ether type crosslinking agents, and polyvalent (meth) acrylic acid ester type crosslinking agents, and further preferred.
- An example is an aryl ether type crosslinking agent.
- the reactive crosslinking agents preferred are a polyvalent isocyanate-type crosslinking agent and a polyvalent epoxy-type crosslinking agent, and more preferred is a polyvalent isocyanate-type crosslinking agent having three or more functional groups in a molecule.
- it is a polyvalent epoxy type crosslinking agent.
- the degree of cross-linking can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose of use.
- a copolymerizable cross-linking agent When a copolymerizable cross-linking agent is used, its addition amount is preferably 0.001 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the raw material components. 0.01 to 5% by weight is more preferred.
- the amount of the cross-linking agent varies depending on the shape of the cross-linked product (A). — 10% by weight is preferred. In order to create an integrated good gel containing the liquid fuel described below, 0.01 to 50% by weight is particularly preferred for all raw material components.
- the polymerization method of the raw material components that is, the acidic cation-containing structural unit (a) and / or the cation-substituted form of the acidic group-containing structural unit (a), and the other structural unit (b) used as necessary are also described.
- a solution polymerization method in a solvent in which the above-mentioned monomers and a polymer to be formed are dissolved a bulk polymerization method in which polymerization is performed without using a solvent, and an emulsion polymerization method can be exemplified. .
- a solution polymerization method is preferred.
- the solvent used in the case of solution polymerization is a force that can be appropriately selected depending on the solubility of the monomer or polymer to be used.
- alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, and carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and dimethinole carbonate Kind
- ⁇ Butiro Ratatones such as ratatone, ratatones such as ⁇ - proprotamata
- ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- carboxylic esters such as ethyl acetate
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxetane
- aromatic carbonized such as toluene and xylene.
- organic solvents such as hydrogens, water, and the like. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymerization concentration in the solution polymerization is not particularly limited, and varies depending on the intended use. However, it is preferably 180% by weight, more preferably 5 to 60% by weight!
- the polymerization initiator may be a conventional one, and examples thereof include an azo initiator, a peroxide initiator, and a redox initiator.
- azo-based initiator azobis isopti-mouth-tolyl, azobis-cyanovaleric acid, azobis (2,4-dimethylvale-tolyl), azobis (2-amidinop-mouth) dihydride mouth chloride, azobis ⁇ 2-methyl- ⁇ — (2 —Hydroxyethyl) propionamide ⁇ and the like.
- peroxide-based initiator examples include benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tamenhydroperoxide, succinic peroxide, di (2-ethoxyshethyl) peroxydicarbonate, hydrogen peroxide and the like.
- redox initiator examples include a combination of the above-mentioned peroxide initiator and a reducing agent (ascorbic acid or persulfate).
- Examples of other polymerization methods include a method of adding a photosensitizing initiator [benzophenone or the like] and irradiating ultraviolet rays or the like, a method of irradiating radiation such as y-rays or electron beams, and the like. it can.
- the amount of the initiator added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0001-5% by weight based on the total weight of the raw material components used. 2% by weight is more preferred.
- the polymerization temperature also varies depending on the target molecular weight, the decomposition temperature of the initiator, the boiling point of the solvent used, and the like, but is preferably from -20 to 200 ° C, more preferably from 0 to 100 ° C.
- Such a crosslinked product (A) has an ability to absorb liquid fuel, and absorbs liquid fuel to form a stable fuel composition.
- the amount of liquid fuel absorbed by the crosslinked body (A) varies depending on the type of the target fuel, the composition of the crosslinked body (A), the gel strength, and the like.
- the crosslinked product (A) has an absorption amount for methanol, for example. Force S10-1, OOOg—Methanol Zg ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 Bridge body (A) is preferred. 50-900gZg is more preferred. If the amount of absorption is lOgZg or more, the liquid retention amount is sufficient and the storage efficiency is excellent. If it is less than 1,000 g / g, there is no problem if the gel strength of the fuel composition holding the liquid fuel is too weak.
- the particle size is preferably from 0.1 to 5,000 111 in terms of volume average particle size, and more preferably ⁇ 50. — 2,000 / zm.
- 0: less than 10% by weight of the whole is preferably less than 10% by weight of less than Lm, and more than 5% by weight of the entirety of 5,000 m is more preferable.
- the particle size was measured using a low tap test sieve shaker and a JIS Z8801-2000 standard sieve, Perry's Chemical Engineers Handbook, 6th edition (McGro-Hill-Book 'Campa-I, 1984, p.21) (hereinafter, the particle size is measured by this method.)
- the method for converting the crosslinked product (A) into a particulate form is not particularly limited as long as it eventually becomes particulate, and examples thereof include the following method (i)-(iv) and the like. .
- a polymer compound (1) is prepared by polymerization using a solvent if necessary, and then the polymer compound (1) is cross-linked by means of the reactive cross-linking agent or irradiation or the like, and then dried if necessary.
- an acidic group-containing structural unit (a) and, if necessary, another structural unit (b) are copolymerized in the presence of the copolymerizable cross-linking agent, if necessary, using a solvent to form a cross-linked polymer.
- the above-mentioned cation compound is added, and the proton of the acid group is replaced with a predetermined amount of cation. If necessary, the solvent is distilled off by a method such as drying and the like. And how.
- an acidic group-containing structural unit (a) and, if necessary, another structural unit (b) are copolymerized in the presence of the copolymerizable crosslinking agent, if necessary, using a solvent to form an uncrosslinked polymer.
- the above-mentioned cation cation compound and a reactive crosslinking agent or irradiation are performed to thereby obtain an acid group.
- the drying performed as necessary in the process of forming the crosslinked body (A) into particles may be performed by a known drying method, for example, through-air drying (such as a circulating air dryer) or air-permeable drying. Drying (such as a band-type dryer), drying under reduced pressure (such as a reduced-pressure dryer), and contact drying (such as a drum dryer) can be mentioned.
- through-air drying such as a circulating air dryer
- air-permeable drying such as a band-type dryer
- drying under reduced pressure such as a reduced-pressure dryer
- contact drying such as a drum dryer
- the drying temperature for drying is not particularly limited as long as the polymer or the like does not deteriorate or excessive crosslinking occurs, but is preferably 0 to 200 ° C, more preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the pulverization method may be a known method.
- Rotary pulverizer, etc. air pulverization (jet pulverizer, etc.), freeze pulverization and the like.
- the crosslinked product (A) and the fuel composition which also has a fuel power can be processed into various forms depending on the purpose, and the shape is not particularly limited. And the form of integral Geri-dori.
- the particulate fuel composition may be one in which the particulate cross-linked body (A) has absorbed the liquid fuel! /, Or may be one in which the liquid fuel has been absorbed and turned into particulate.
- the method for forming particles is the same as the method for producing the above-mentioned granular crosslinked product (A), and the volume average particle diameter and the like are preferably the same.
- examples of the sheeting method include the following methods (V) to (vii).
- V A method in which the particulate crosslinked product (A) is sandwiched between nonwoven fabric, paper, etc. to form a sandwich sheet, and then liquid fuel is absorbed.
- the polymer compound (1) is cross-linked using one or more cross-linking means selected from the group consisting of cross-linking by irradiation and cross-linking by heating. How to absorb.
- (vi) or (vii) is preferable from the viewpoint of easy adjustment of the thickness of the prepared sheet, absorption speed of the prepared sheet, and the like.
- the thickness of the fuel composition sheet in the case of a sheet-like shape 1 to 50, OOO / zm force S is preferable, 5 to 30,000 force S is more preferable, and 10 to 10,000 m is particularly preferable. If the thickness of the sheet is l / zm or more, the basis weight of the crosslinked product (A) does not become too small, and if it is 50,000 m or less, the sheet does not become too thick.
- the length and width of the sheet can be appropriately selected depending on the size to be used, and there is no particular limitation. ⁇ Preferred ⁇ Length ⁇ 0.01—10,000m, Preferred! / ⁇ Width ⁇ 0.1—300cm It is.
- the basis weight of the crosslinked body (A) in the fuel composition sheet is not particularly limited, but takes into account the ability to absorb and retain the target liquid fuel, and that the thickness is not excessively large.
- the basis weight is preferably 10-3,000 g / m 2 force, and 20-1,000 g / m 2 force ⁇ more preferred! /
- a nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, paper, a substrate such as film Yogu example in a known, basis weight 10- 500gZm 2 about Nonwoven fabrics or woven fabrics made of synthetic fibers and Z or natural fibers, paper (such as high-quality paper, tissue paper, Japanese paper), synthetic resin films, and two or more base materials and composites of these Can be.
- nonwoven fabrics or composites of nonwoven fabrics and plastic films or metal films, and particularly preferred are nonwoven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics. It is a composite with a tic film.
- the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but is usually 150,000 pm, preferably 10-20000 / zm. If the thickness is less than 1 m, it is difficult to impregnate or apply a predetermined amount of the polymer compound (1) . If the thickness exceeds 50,000 m, the sheet is too thick and fuel for fuel cells is used. When a fuel composition containing the same is used, the bulk of the entire fuel becomes large and it becomes difficult to use the fuel composition.
- a known method for example, a method such as ordinary coating or padding may be applied. After the coating and padding treatment, the solvent used for polymerization, dilution, viscosity adjustment and the like may be distilled off by a method such as drying if necessary.
- the fuel absorption amount (fuel content) in the sheet-shaped fuel composition is not particularly limited as long as the fuel supply amount can be sufficiently ensured, but 0.1 to 500 g—fuel Zcm 2 — A sheet is preferred. A sheet of 400 gZcm 2 is more preferred. When the absorption amount is above 0.1 lgZcm 2 , a sufficient amount of liquid fuel can be absorbed, and when it is less than 500 gZcm 2 , the sheet absorbing the liquid fuel does not become too thick.
- the fuel composition according to the fourth aspect may be an integrated gelled fuel composition comprising the crosslinked product (A) and a liquid fuel.
- the ratio of the crosslinked product (A) Z fuel in this integral gelled fuel composition is preferably 0.1-99 / 1-99.9% by weight, more preferably 0.5-50 / 50-99. . 5 weight 0/0, particularly preferably 1 one 30,70- 99 weight 0/0, and most good Mashiku 1 one 20Z80- 99 wt%.
- the proportion of the crosslinked product (A) is 0.1% by weight or more, the gel strength of the fuel-containing gel produced is weak or the whole cannot be gelled, but is 99% by weight or less. There is no problem that the required amount of fuel to be added is too small because the content of the cross-linked product (A) is too large, and a sufficient fuel supply cannot be secured.
- a method for preparing the integral gel-type fuel composition for example, (vm) a method of adding a predetermined amount of fuel to the above-mentioned particulate bridge (A); (ix) a crosslinked body (A)
- a method may be used in which fuel is added to a sheet containing, but these fuel-containing gels are preferably prepared by the method described in (X) or (xi) below.
- the form of the integrated gel-type fuel composition comprising the crosslinked product (A) and the liquid fuel can be appropriately selected, and the shape may be, for example, a sheet-like, block-like, spherical, or cylindrical shape. Can be exemplified. Among these, a preferred shape is a sheet shape, a block shape or a column shape.
- the thickness of the gel is preferably 1 to 50,000 mS, and more preferably 10 to 20, 000 m.
- the width and length of the sheet gel may be appropriately selected according to the purpose of use, place, use, and the like.
- the method of producing an integral gel-type fuel composition having a desired shape is not particularly limited, for example, a method of gelling in a container or a cell according to the shape to be produced, a release paper, a film, or the like.
- Examples thereof include a method in which a mixture of the polymer compound (1), a raw material component, and the like and a liquid fuel is formed into a sheet on a nonwoven fabric or the like by a method such as lamination or coating to form a gel.
- the fuel composition of this embodiment may further contain other gelling agents (fatty acid stones, dibenzal sorbit, hydroxypropyl cellulose, benzylidene sorbitol, carboxyl vinyl polymer, polyethylene glycol, polyglycol, etc.).
- other gelling agents fatty acid stones, dibenzal sorbit, hydroxypropyl cellulose, benzylidene sorbitol, carboxyl vinyl polymer, polyethylene glycol, polyglycol, etc.
- a substance that is chemically converted to be non-fluidized are not particularly limited, as long as they can exert their respective functions, regardless of whether they are solid or liquid. They can also be combined at any stage of making the fuel composition.
- a fuel composition including the above-mentioned [1] fuel composition containing a molecular compound of a fuel for a fuel cell, or [2] a fuel composition in which a fuel for a fuel cell is absorbed into a polymer, or the like.
- the fuel composition is brought into contact with water to elute the fuel for the fuel cell in the fuel composition to the water side and take out the fuel.
- the water may be an aqueous solution of a fuel for a fuel cell.
- heating is not particularly required, and may be at room temperature, but may be performed at about 50 to 150 ° C.
- the method for bringing the fuel composition into contact with water is not particularly limited.
- the fuel composition is filled in a container having an inlet and an outlet for water and allowing water to flow therethrough. There is a method of passing water through the container.
- a method may be used in which a fuel composition is charged into a water tank to release fuel.
- the fuel released into the water from the fuel composition may be supplied to a fuel cell by preparing a fuel water solution having a concentration appropriate for the purpose of use, for example, a fuel aqueous solution of about 116% by weight.
- the fuel for a fuel cell that does not require a heating device or heating energy can be obtained by an extremely simple method such as passing water through a container filled with the fuel composition.
- the fuel for a fuel cell can be easily released.
- the undiluted solution of methanol corresponds to a toxic substance according to the Poisonous Substances Control Law, and corresponds to a dangerous substance type 4 class.
- methanol may be used as a fuel because high concentration methanol has problems such as corrosion. When used, it is usually used as an aqueous solution of about 10-30% by weight.
- the fuel can be supplied to the fuel cell as an aqueous solution having an appropriate concentration by bringing the fuel composition into contact with water and releasing the fuel in the fuel composition into the water.
- the emission method of the fourth aspect is industrially very advantageous in this respect as well.
- the fourth aspect is useful as a method for releasing fuel from a fuel composition for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, particularly a direct methanol fuel cell, which is promising as a small portable fuel cell.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and is applicable to the release of fuel from fuel compositions containing various fuels for fuel cells.
- BHC 1,1 bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane
- TPHDD 1,1,6,6-tetraphenylhexa-2,4-diyne 1,6-diol
- THPE 1,1,2,2-Tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane
- the formed hydrous gel was subdivided using a meat chopper, and the resulting gel was mixed with methyl carbonate (molecular weight: 203) of 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolidium cation.
- methyl carbonate molecular weight: 203
- 1353 g (4 mol) of a 60% methanol solution manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the gel to which the above imidazolyl cation was added was passed through a hot air at 100 ° C using a band dryer (air dryer, manufactured by Inoue Metal Co., Ltd.).
- the evaporated methanol was distilled off and dried.
- the dried product was pulverized using a cutter mill to form a particulate crosslinked product having an average particle size of 400 m, and 20 g of this methanol was absorbed in 100 g to obtain a gel fuel composition.
- an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly was produced as follows.
- Nafion which is a perfluorosulfonic acid-based ion exchange membrane
- Pt particles were used as a supported catalyst, and were supported on acetylene black to have electron conductivity.
- the Pt carrying amount was 50% by weight based on acetylene black.
- This Pt-supported catalyst and a 5% by weight Nafion solution were mixed and sprayed on an electrolyte membrane using a spray brush to attach an electrode layer.
- the membrane with the electrode layer attached was dried in a dryer at 90 ° C for 1 hour, sandwiched between Teflon plates, and pressed with a hot press at 130 ° C and 20MPa for 30 minutes. Was joined.
- a direct methanol fuel cell system for supplying a methanol aqueous solution as shown in Fig. 7 was assembled using the prepared electrolyte membrane 'electrode assembly (MEA).
- MEA electrolyte membrane 'electrode assembly
- 61 is an electrolyte membrane
- 62 is an electrode (anode)
- 63 is an electrode (force)
- 64 is a fuel composition tank
- 65 is a water tank.
- the methanol clathrate conjugate produced in Production Example 1 was placed in the fuel composition tank 64, and water from the water tank 65 was supplied to this fuel composition tank 64 to form the methanol clathrate conjugate. Methanol is released into water by contact with water, and a 20% by weight aqueous methanol solution is prepared. The membrane was supplied to the fuel absorber of the electrode assembly. In this water tank 65, the recovered water used in the anode 62 and having a reduced methanol concentration is circulated after being treated by the CO removing means.
- the water generated by the power sword 63 may be collected and supplied to the water tank 65.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020067014399A KR101163243B1 (ko) | 2003-12-18 | 2004-12-03 | 연료 전지용 연료와 연료 전지 및 그 응용 |
EP04820664A EP1705740A4 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2004-12-03 | FUEL FOR FUEL CELL, FUEL CELL AND USE THEREOF |
US11/436,653 US7749625B2 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2006-05-19 | Fuel for fuel cell, fuel cell and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003421077 | 2003-12-18 | ||
JP2003-421077 | 2003-12-18 | ||
JP2004-145202 | 2004-05-14 | ||
JP2004145202A JP4631309B2 (ja) | 2004-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | 固体電解質型燃料電池用燃料、固体電解質型燃料電池及びその使用方法 |
JP2004181319A JP4325493B2 (ja) | 2003-12-18 | 2004-06-18 | 燃料電池用燃料及びその供給方法 |
JP2004-181319 | 2004-06-18 | ||
JP2004207458A JP4806905B2 (ja) | 2004-07-14 | 2004-07-14 | 燃料電池用燃料組成物中の燃料物質の存在量検知方法 |
JP2004-207458 | 2004-07-14 | ||
JP2004216011A JP2006040629A (ja) | 2004-07-23 | 2004-07-23 | 燃料電池用燃料組成物からの燃料放出方法 |
JP2004-216011 | 2004-07-23 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/436,653 Continuation US7749625B2 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2006-05-19 | Fuel for fuel cell, fuel cell and application thereof |
Publications (1)
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WO2005062410A1 true WO2005062410A1 (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
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ID=34714615
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PCT/JP2004/018021 WO2005062410A1 (ja) | 2003-12-18 | 2004-12-03 | 燃料電池用燃料及び燃料電池並びにその応用 |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US7749625B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1705740A4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005062410A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2053673A1 (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2009-04-29 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Electrode for fuel cell, method for producing the same, and fuel cell |
WO2010044394A1 (ja) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-04-22 | 株式会社シームス | アルコール濃度検知素子、アルコール濃度検知装置及びアルコール濃度検知方法 |
US8273502B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2012-09-25 | Kurita Water Industries Ltd. | Direct methanol fuel cell system using solid methanol, portable electronic device using same, and fuel cartridge for direct methanol fuel cell system |
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US7442716B2 (en) | 2004-12-17 | 2008-10-28 | Merck Frosst Canada Ltd. | 2-(phenyl or heterocyclic)-1H-phenantrho[9,10-d]imidazoles as mPGES-1 inhibitors |
FR2883602B1 (fr) * | 2005-03-22 | 2010-04-16 | Alain Lunati | Procede d'optimisation des parametres de fonctionnement d'un moteur a combustion |
JP5249029B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-14 | 2013-07-31 | 大塚化学株式会社 | ヒドラジン供給装置、それを用いた燃料電池システムおよびその燃料電池システムを搭載した車両、ならびにヒドラジン供給方法 |
JP2008097987A (ja) * | 2006-10-11 | 2008-04-24 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 燃料電池セル、燃料電池システム及び携帯用電子機器 |
US8524418B2 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2013-09-03 | Nec Corporation | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
JP5112796B2 (ja) | 2007-09-13 | 2013-01-09 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
KR20090030999A (ko) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-03-25 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 공급 탱크 및 이를 구비한 연료전지 시스템 |
JP5121385B2 (ja) | 2007-10-12 | 2013-01-16 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
KR101421974B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-07-24 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 그래핀 옥사이드/담즙산 또는 그의 염 코팅층을 포함하는 복합 분리막 및 그 제조방법 |
TWI734686B (zh) * | 2015-05-19 | 2021-08-01 | 瑞士商亨斯邁先進材料授權(瑞士)有限公司 | 熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑及製備電機工程用絕緣系統的方法 |
CN114976156B (zh) * | 2022-04-02 | 2024-01-30 | 河南理工大学 | 一种甲烷水合物分解-电解燃料电池 |
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EP2053673A1 (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2009-04-29 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Electrode for fuel cell, method for producing the same, and fuel cell |
EP2053673A4 (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2011-07-06 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co | ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL, PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND FUEL CELL |
US8273502B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2012-09-25 | Kurita Water Industries Ltd. | Direct methanol fuel cell system using solid methanol, portable electronic device using same, and fuel cartridge for direct methanol fuel cell system |
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Also Published As
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EP1705740A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
US7749625B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 |
EP1705740A4 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
US20080233438A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
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