WO2005024955A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005024955A1 WO2005024955A1 PCT/JP2004/012058 JP2004012058W WO2005024955A1 WO 2005024955 A1 WO2005024955 A1 WO 2005024955A1 JP 2004012058 W JP2004012058 W JP 2004012058W WO 2005024955 A1 WO2005024955 A1 WO 2005024955A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052990 silicon hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 37
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 173
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 82
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- AUCDRFABNLOFRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;indium Chemical compound [AlH3].[In] AUCDRFABNLOFRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- FGUJWQZQKHUJMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[B] Chemical compound [AlH3].[B] FGUJWQZQKHUJMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneindigane Chemical compound [In]#N NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 boron indium aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005533 two-dimensional electron gas Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRCJDTOFMBRRBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron indium Chemical compound [B].[In] SRCJDTOFMBRRBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
- H01L29/7786—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT
- H01L29/7787—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT with wide bandgap charge-carrier supplying layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MODFET
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/02373—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02381—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02458—Nitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02494—Structure
- H01L21/02496—Layer structure
- H01L21/02505—Layer structure consisting of more than two layers
- H01L21/02507—Alternating layers, e.g. superlattice
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/0254—Nitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L29/2003—Nitride compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor device such as a MESFET or a HEMT having a small leakage current.
- MESFETs Metal Semiconductor Filed Effect Transistors
- HEMTs High Electron Mobility Transistors
- Patent Document discloses using a substrate made of silicon or a silicon compound in order to solve the drawbacks of a sapphire substrate.
- the buffer region in the device disclosed in the above patent document is, for example, AlGaN
- the buffer region having the multilayer structure contributes to the improvement of the crystallinity and flatness of the nitride semiconductor epitaxially grown thereon.
- the thickness of the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor layer formed on the buffer region is equal to the thickness of the pair formed on the upper surface of the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor layer. Smaller than the distance between the electrodes (the distance between the drain and source electrodes). For example, the thickness of the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor layer formed on the buffer region is about 0.2-3.0 ⁇ , and the distance between the drain electrode and the source electrode is about 520 ⁇ .
- AlGaN Due to the heterojunction between the 0 ⁇ x ⁇ l
- GaN layer As the second layer, a two-dimensional electron gas, that is, two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is generated in the GaN layer, and the resistance of the GaN layer is reduced.
- 2DEG two-dimensional electron gas
- HEMT gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor device
- the device when the device was turned off, that is, the channel formed on the upper surface of the electron transit layer was closed by the depletion layer spreading below the gate electrode.
- a leakage current I indicated by a broken line in FIG. 1 flows between the drain electrode and the source electrode via the buffer region and the silicon substrate. Also, this leakage current
- the potential of the silicon substrate increases, and the potential difference between the silicon substrate and the source electrode increases.
- an electric field concentrates on the side surfaces of the substrate, the buffer region, and the semiconductor region, and the side surfaces become in a high electric field state.
- the crystallinity of the side surfaces of the substrate, the buffer region, and the semiconductor region is not necessarily good because it is exposed to the outside and is affected by the cutout of the semiconductor element. Therefore, if the side surfaces of the buffer region and the semiconductor region are in a high electric field state, the HEMT may be broken. Further, in addition to the leakage current I flowing between the drain electrode and the source electrode through the inside of the substrate and the buffer region described above, the leakage current flowing through the side of the semiconductor device having a relatively low resistance (such as HEMT) can be obtained.
- the withstand voltage between the drain electrode and the source electrode is determined by the magnitude of the current, the withstand voltage necessarily decreases as the leakage current increases.
- the semiconductor element may be destroyed due to a large leakage current.
- the above-mentioned problem is remarkable in a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor device in which a silicon substrate which is a resistive substrate disclosed in the above-mentioned patent document is used and a buffer region having a multilayer structure is formed thereon. This may also occur in a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor device in which a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor layer is formed on a sapphire substrate via a low-temperature buffer layer. In addition, there is a possibility that such a phenomenon may occur in a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor device using a substrate made of silicon carbide (SiC). In addition, the above-mentioned problems are not limited to HEMTs. This may also occur in another nitride semiconductor device on which at least the first and second electrodes are arranged.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2003-59948 A
- a problem to be solved by the present invention is that a nitride semiconductor device having a buffer region has a large leakage current. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a nitride semiconductor device having a small leakage current. Means for solving the problem
- the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems includes a substrate, a buffer region disposed on one main surface of the substrate, and at least one nitride-based compound disposed on the buffer region.
- a nitride-based compound semiconductor device comprising: a semiconductor region including a semiconductor layer; and at least a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on a surface of the semiconductor region, wherein the semiconductor region and the buffer region An insulating film disposed on one or both sides of
- a conductive film disposed on the insulating film
- the side surface of the semiconductor region has a divergent slope from the surface of the semiconductor region toward the substrate, the insulating film is formed on the side surface of the semiconductor region, and the conductor film is formed on the side surface of the semiconductor region. It is preferable that they face each other with the insulating film interposed therebetween.
- Both the semiconductor region and the buffer region have inclined side surfaces, and an insulating film is formed on both the side surfaces of the semiconductor region and the buffer region. It is desirable that both sides of the region and the buffer region are opposed to each other via an insulating film.
- the substrate has a side surface that is continuously inclined to the side surface of the buffer region.
- An insulating film is also formed on the side surface of the substrate, and the conductor film is formed of an insulating film on the side surface of the substrate. It is desirable that it also extends above.
- the conductor film In order to set the conductor film to a predetermined potential or a fixed potential, the conductor film is It is desirable to be electrically connected to the buffer region, the semiconductor region, or the potential stabilizing means.
- an electrode is provided on the substrate, the buffer region, or the semiconductor region, and the conductive film is connected to the electrode.
- a force S can be applied to connect the conductor film to a source electrode, a drain electrode, or a gate electrode.
- the substrate is preferably made of silicon, silicon nitride, or sapphire.
- the substrate is made of silicon or silicon conjugate
- M is at least one element selected from In (indium) and B (boron), X and y are 0 ⁇ 1,
- M is at least one element selected from In (indium) and B (boron),
- a and b are 0 ⁇ a ⁇ l
- the second layer mainly composed of a material represented by
- it is composed of a composite layer.
- the buffer region is formed of a laminated body in which the first and second layers are repeatedly arranged a plurality of times.
- the nitride semiconductor device further has a control electrode for controlling a current between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the semiconductor region is a semiconductor switch controlled by the control electrode. It is desirable that this is a region for forming a switching element.
- the semiconductor region and the buffer region are covered with the insulating film, and the conductor film is further formed on the insulating film.
- the flowing leakage current can be reduced. That is, the electric field concentration on the side surface of the semiconductor region and / or the buffer region is reduced by the combination of the conductor film and the insulating film, which can not only reduce the leakage current by protecting the side surface of the semiconductor region and / or the buffer region by the insulating film.
- a depletion layer is formed to increase the resistance of the side surface of the semiconductor region and / or the buffer region, and the leakage current flowing therethrough decreases.
- the leakage current force S decreases, the breakdown voltage and the breakdown resistance of the semiconductor device improve.
- FIG. 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a HEMT according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the HEMT of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the substrate and the buffer region of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a MESFET of Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a substrate and a buffer region in a third embodiment of the present invention, similarly to FIG. 3.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 3, showing a part of a substrate and a buffer region according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an HEMT according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an HEMT according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an HEMT according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the HEMT as the nitride semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes a substrate made of conductive silicon, ie, a substrate 1, a buffer region 2, and a nitride semiconductor region 3 for a HEMT element. And a source electrode 4 as a first electrode, a drain electrode 5 as a second electrode, a gate electrode 6 as a control electrode, an insulating film 7, a conductor film 8, a contact electrode 9, and a fixed metal layer 10. .
- the substrate 1 has one main surface 11 and the other main surface 12, and also has an n-type silicon single crystal power containing a group V element such as P (lin) as a conductivity-type determining impurity.
- the main surface 11 on the side where the buffer region 2 of the substrate 1 is disposed is a (111) just surface that is different from the plane orientation of the crystal indicated by the Miller index.
- the substrate 1 has a relatively large thickness of about 350 ⁇ , and functions as a support for the semiconductor region 3 and the buffer region 2.
- the buffer region 2 arranged so as to cover one main surface 11 of the substrate 1 is shown as one layer in FIG. 1, but actually, as shown in FIG. And a plurality of second layers 14.
- the first layer 13 and the second layer 14 are alternately and repeatedly arranged plural times.
- FIG. 3 for convenience of illustration, only a part of the buffer region 2 having a laminated structure or a multilayer structure is shown. In fact, the buffer region 2 has 20 first layers 13 and 20 second layers 13. Layer 1 And 4.
- the first layer 13 of the buffer region 2 preferably has a material force represented by the following chemical formula.
- M is at least one element selected from In (indium) and B (boron),
- a preferable material of the first layer 13 according to the above chemical formula is, for example, A1N (aluminum nitride), AlGaN (gallium aluminum nitride), AlInGaN (gallium nitride aluminum), or AlBGaN (gallium nitride). Boron aluminum), Alln BGaN (gallium boron indium aluminum nitride), or ⁇ (indium aluminum nitride), or A1BN (boron aluminum nitride), or ⁇ (boron indium aluminum nitride).
- the material of the first layer 13 in the case where the first layer 13 does not contain ⁇ (indium) and B (boron) is represented by the following chemical formula.
- the first layer 13 is A1N (aluminum nitride) or AlGaN (gallium aluminum nitride).
- A1N (anolymium nitride) corresponding to the material in which X is 1 in the above chemical formula is used for the first layer 13.
- the lattice constant and coefficient of thermal expansion of the first layer 13 made of an extremely thin insulating film are closer to the silicon substrate 1 than to the second layer 14. If necessary, n-type or p-type conductivity determining impurities can be added to the first layer 13.
- the second layer 14 of the buffer region 2 is desirably made of a material represented by the following chemical formula. Al M Ga N
- M is at least one element selected from In (indium) and B (boron),
- a and b are 0 ⁇ a ⁇ l
- a preferable material of the second layer 14 according to the above chemical formula is, for example, GaN (gallium nitride) or AlGaN (gallium aluminum nitride), AlInGaN (gallium indium aluminum nitride), or AlBGaN (gallium boron aluminum nitride) or AlInBGaN (gallium boron indium aluminum nitride), or ⁇ (indium aluminum nitride), or A1BN (boron aluminum nitride), or ⁇ (boron indium aluminum nitride), or InGaN (gallium indium aluminum nitride), or BGaN ( Gallium boron nitride), or InBGaN (gallium boron indium nitride), or InN (indium nitride), or BN (boron nitride) or InBN (boron indium nitride).
- the second layer 14 can include a p-type or n-type conductivity determining impurity.
- AI aluminum
- the value of a which indicates the proportion of aluminum in the above chemical formula, is set to a value greater than 0.8 to prevent cracks that may occur due to an increase in A1 (aluminum). The power to make it smaller.
- the preferred thickness of the first layer 13 of the buffer region 2 is 0.5 nm 50 nm, that is, 5-500 ⁇ , at which a quantum mechanical tunnel effect can be obtained. If the thickness of the first layer 13 is less than 0.5 nm, the flatness of the semiconductor region 3 formed on the upper surface of the buffer region 2 cannot be maintained well. If the thickness of the first layer 13 exceeds 50 nm, the first layer 13 and the second Cracks are generated in the first layer 13 due to tensile strain generated in the first layer 13 due to a lattice mismatch between the layer 14 and a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the first layer 13 and the substrate 1. There is a risk of doing so.
- the preferred thickness of the second layer 14 is 0.5 nm-200 nm, or 5-2000 Angstroms.
- the thickness of the second layer 14 is less than 0.5 nm, it becomes difficult to grow the first layer 13 and the semiconductor region 3 grown on the buffer region 2 flat.
- the thickness of the second layer 14 exceeds 200 nm, the semiconductor region 3 is compressed by a compressive stress generated in the second layer 14 due to lattice mismatch between the second layer 14 and the first layer 13. Adversely affect the performance of the HEMT.
- the thickness of the second layer 14 is preferably larger than the thickness of the first layer 13.
- the first layer 13 is generated in the first layer 13 due to a difference in lattice constant between the first layer 13 and the second layer 14 and a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the first layer 13 and the substrate 1.
- the magnitude of the generated strain can be suppressed to such an extent that cracks do not occur in the first layer 13, and the deterioration of the characteristics of the HEMT can be suppressed favorably.
- the semiconductor region 3 for forming the HEMT has an electron transit layer 15 made of, for example, undoped GaN and an electron supply layer 16 made of, for example, undoped AlGaN.
- the electron transit layer 15 disposed on the buffer region 2 can be called a channel layer or a two-dimensional electron gas forming layer, and has a thickness of, for example, 500 nm.
- the electron transit layer 15 is a conductive layer doped with conductive impurities.
- the electron supply layer 16 arranged on the electron transit layer 15 supplies electrons to the electron transit layer 15. Since the electron supply layer 16 is formed of a nitride material different from that of the electron transit layer 15, a hetero junction occurs between the electron supply layer 16 and the electron transit layer 15.
- the electron supply layer 16 is an n-like region which is a region in which a conductive impurity is not doped and has the same characteristics as a force n-type semiconductor.
- the electron supply layer 16 can be doped with an n-type impurity (for example, silicon).
- the first and second layers 13 and 14 of the buffer region 2, the electron transit layer 15 and the electron supply layer 16 of the semiconductor region 3 use a well-known MOCVD apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above. It is sequentially formed on the substrate 1 by the epitaxial growth method.
- the buffer region 2 and the semiconductor region 3 are epitaxially grown at a temperature higher than 1000 ° C, for example, at 1120 ° C.
- the source electrode 4 and the drain electrode 5 are in ohmic contact with the electron supply layer 16, and the gate electrode 6 is in Schottky contact with the electron supply layer 16. Note that a contact layer having a high n-type impurity concentration can be provided between the source electrode 4 and the drain electrode 5 and the electron supply layer 16.
- a spacer layer made of undoped AlGaN or A1N may be provided between the electron transit layer 15 and the electron supply layer 16.
- the distance between drain electrode 5 and gate electrode 6 is larger than the thickness of semiconductor region 3.
- the side surface 17 of the portion composed of the buffer region 2, the semiconductor region 3, and a part of the substrate 1 is divergently inclined from the surface of the semiconductor region 3 toward the substrate 1.
- This inclined side surface 17 is formed by etching.
- the preferred angle of the inclined side surface 17 with respect to the surface of the semiconductor region 3 is 20 to 170 degrees, which is an obtuse angle.
- the insulating film 7, that is, the dielectric film, covers the inclined side surface 17, and covers a part of the surface of the semiconductor region 3 and a part of the step 18 of the substrate 1. That is, a part of the side surface of the substrate 1, the side surfaces of the first and second layers 13 and 14 of the buffer region 2, the side surface of the electron transit layer 15 and the side surface of the electron supply layer 16 are inclined, and these are insulated. Covered with membrane 7.
- the insulating film 7 is made of silicon oxide (SiO 2), silicon nitride (SiN, where X is a value between 0 and 1)
- the thickness of the insulating film 7 is preferably set to 0.1-1 / im. The thickness of the insulating film 7 is adjusted in consideration of the dielectric constant.
- the conductor film 8 is disposed on the insulating film 7 and is made of, for example, a metal such as nickel or a conductive material such as a thick film conductor.
- the conductor film 8 faces the entire inclined side surface 17 via the insulating film 7 and extends on a step 18 parallel to the two main surfaces 11 and 12 of the substrate 1. It is connected to the contact electrode 9 on 18.
- the contact electrode 9 is made of, for example, a metal laminate formed by sequentially laminating Ti (titanium) and Ni (nickel), and is in good ohmic contact with the exposed step 18 of the silicon substrate 1. Therefore, the conductor film 8 is connected to the silicon substrate 1 through the contact electrode 9 with low resistance, and It is fixed at almost the same potential. Since the potential of the silicon substrate 1 of this embodiment is substantially constant, the silicon substrate 1 functions as a potential applying means for applying a desired potential to the conductor film 8. Further, the contact electrode 9 functions as a connecting means for connecting the conductive film 8 to the silicon substrate 1 as the potential applying means.
- the fixing metal layer 10 formed on the other main surface 12 of the substrate 1 is used when fixing a semiconductor element made of HEMT to a support plate (not shown).
- the source electrode 4 When a control voltage capable of forming a channel is applied between the source electrode 4 and the gate electrode 6 and a predetermined drive voltage is applied between the drain electrode 5 and the source electrode 4, the source electrode 4 The electrons flow toward the drain electrode 5.
- the electron supply layer 16 is an extremely thin film, it functions as an insulator in the horizontal direction and functions as a conductor in the vertical direction. Therefore, during the operation of the HEMT, electrons flow through the path of the source electrode 4, the electron supply layer 16, the electron transit layer 15, the electron supply layer 16, and the drain electrode 5. The flow of electrons, that is, the flow of current from the drain electrode 5 to the source electrode 4 is adjusted by the control voltage applied to the gate electrode 6.
- the buffer region 2 includes a heterojunction between the first layer 13 made of, for example, A1N (aluminum nitride) and the second layer 14 made of, for example, GaN.
- a two-dimensional electron gas, ie, 2DEG is generated in the layer 14, the resistance value of the second layer 14 decreases, and a lateral current flows through the second layer 14, and this lateral current becomes a leakage current.
- the substrate 1 since the substrate 1 has conductivity, a leakage current flows through the substrate 1.
- the current component flowing only inside the buffer region 2 and the substrate 1 is indicated by the leakage current I.
- the leakage current I passing through this side surface is determined by the combination of the conductor film 8 and the insulating film 7.
- the conductor film 8 faces the inclined side face 17 via the insulating film 7. As a result, the electric field in the vicinity of the inclined side surface 17 is reduced, and a depletion layer is formed along the inclined side surface 17, the resistance in the vicinity of the side surface 17 increases, and the leakage current I is suppressed.
- HEMT HEMT
- the breakdown voltage is determined by the level of the leakage current between the drain electrode 5 and the source electrode 4 when the semiconductor device is off. Therefore, if the leakage current is suppressed, the breakdown voltage is necessarily improved. In addition, destruction of the semiconductor element due to the leakage current is prevented.
- the present embodiment has the following effect in addition to the effect of suppressing an increase in leakage current when the HEMT is off based on the above-described inclined side surface 17, insulating film 7, and conductor film 8.
- the substrate 1 made of silicon which is low in cost and has good workability, material costs and production costs can be reduced. Therefore, the cost of the HEMT can be reduced.
- the buffer region 2 formed on one main surface of the substrate 1 includes a first layer 13 made of A1N having a lattice constant between silicon and GaN and a second layer 14 made of GaN. Since the buffer region 2 is formed of the laminate, the buffer region 2 can favorably take over the crystal orientation of the substrate 1 made of silicon. As a result, the GaN-based semiconductor region 3 can be satisfactorily formed on one main surface of the buffer region 2 with the crystal orientation aligned. For this reason, the flatness of the semiconductor region 3 is improved, and the electrical characteristics of the HEMT are also improved.
- a buffer layer is formed at a low temperature only on one main surface of the substrate 1 which also has a silicon force at a low temperature using only a GaN semiconductor, the difference in lattice constant between silicon and GaN is large. An excellent GaN-based semiconductor region cannot be formed.
- a buffer composed of a laminate of the first layer 13 made of A1N and the second layer 14 made of GaN The crystal region 2 can be grown at a higher temperature than a conventional low-temperature buffer layer composed of a single layer of GaN or A1N. Therefore, ammonia serving as a nitrogen source can be satisfactorily decomposed, and the buffer region 2 does not become an amorphous layer. As a result, the density of crystal defects in the epitaxial growth layer formed on the buffer region 2, that is, the semiconductor region 3, can be sufficiently reduced.
- the substrate 1 is formed of silicon having higher thermal conductivity than sapphire, heat generated during operation of the device can be radiated well through the substrate 1 and the breakdown voltage, gain, etc. of the device can be improved. Are obtained favorably.
- the silicon substrate 1 has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than the nitride-based compound semiconductor, tensile strain due to thermal irregularity is applied to the epitaxial layer. For this reason, the bow
- the electron density of the electron transit layer 15, that is, the channel can be made higher than that of the HEMT using the sapphire substrate, and the sheet resistance of the electron transit layer 15, that is, the channel decreases, and the drain current increases. It becomes possible.
- an n-type semiconductor region 3a made of a GaN compound semiconductor layer doped with Si as an n-type impurity is provided. It is formed identically to 1. That is, in the MESFET of FIG. 4, the silicon substrate 1, the buffer region 2, the source electrode 4, the drain electrode 5, the gate electrode 6, the insulating film 7, and the conductor film 8 are formed in the same manner as those shown in FIG. ing.
- the n-type semiconductor region 3a can be called a channel layer or an active layer, and is arranged on the buffer region 2.
- Source electrode 4 and gate electrode 5 are in ohmic contact with n-type semiconductor region 3a, and gate electrode 6 is in Schottky contact with n-type semiconductor region 3a.
- the side surface of the n-type semiconductor region 3a in FIG. 4 is inclined similarly to the semiconductor region 3 in FIG. 1, and faces the conductor film 8 via the insulating film 7.
- the conductor film 8 is extended instead of the contact electrode 9 in FIG. A long portion 9a is provided, which is in direct contact with the substrate 1. Therefore, in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the substrate 1 functions as a predetermined potential applying means, and the extension portion 9a functions as a conductor connecting the conductive film 8 to the substrate 1.
- an outer contour electrode similar to the contact electrode 9 in FIG. 1 is provided, and the conductor film 8 can be connected to the substrate 1 via this.
- FIG. 5 shows a part of a buffer region 2a containing In (indium) according to the third embodiment which can be used for HEMTs and MESFETs.
- the buffer region 2a in FIG. 5 is formed by alternately stacking a plurality of first layers 13a and a plurality of second layers 14a.
- the material of the first layer 13a is desirably made of a material represented by the following chemical formula.
- the first layer 13a is formed of a material selected from A1N (aluminum nitride), AlGaN (gallium aluminum nitride), ⁇ (indium aluminum nitride), and AlInGaN (gallium indium aluminum nitride).
- a more preferable material of the first layer 13a in the embodiment of FIG. 5 is Al In Ga corresponding to a material in which the above equation is 0.5 and y is 0.01.
- the first layer 13a is an extremely thin film having an insulating property.
- the lattice constant and the thermal expansion coefficient of the first layer 13a containing aluminum have values between the lattice constant and the thermal expansion coefficient of the silicon substrate 1 and the lattice constant and the thermal expansion coefficient of the semiconductor region 3 or 3a.
- the material of the second layer 14a is desirably made of a material represented by the following chemical formula.
- the second layer 14a is formed of, for example, one selected from GaN, A1N, InN, InGaN, AlGaN, AlInN, and Alln GaN.
- a more preferable material for the second layer 14a in the embodiment of FIG. 5 is Al In GaN corresponding to a material in which a in the above formula is 0.05 and b is 0.35.
- the gap between the valence band and the conduction band of the second layer 14a, that is, the band gap is smaller than the band gap of the first layer 13a.
- One or both of the level shift forces between the first layer 13a and the second layer 14a can be doped with a p-type impurity or an n-type impurity.
- the buffer region 2a of the embodiment of FIG. 5 has the same effect as the embodiment of FIG. 1, and furthermore, since the buffer region 2a contains indium, the buffer region 2a does not contain indium. If the coefficient of thermal expansion of the buffer region 2a can be approximated to that of the silicon substrate 1, an effect is obtained.
- FIG. 6 shows a part of the buffer area 2b containing B (boron) according to the fourth embodiment.
- the deformed buffer region 2b can be used for a semiconductor device such as the HTEM in FIG. 1 and the MESFET in FIG. 4, and is composed of an alternate stack of first and second layers 13b and 14b.
- the material of the first layer 13b is desirably made of a material represented by the following chemical formula.
- the first layer 13b is formed of, for example, a material selected from A1N (aluminum nitride), AlGaN (gallium nitride aluminum), A1BN (boron aluminum nitride), and AlBGaN (gallium boron aluminum nitride).
- a more preferable material for the first layer 13b in the embodiment of FIG. 6 is AlGaN, which corresponds to a material in which X is 0.5 and y is 0 in the above formula.
- the lattice constant and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first layer 13b made of an extremely thin film having an insulating property are closer to the silicon substrate 1 than to the second layer 14b.
- the material of the second layer 14b is desirably made of a material represented by the following chemical formula.
- the second layer 14b is a layer containing at least one element selected from Al, B, and Ga and N, and is, for example, selected from GaN, BN, A1N, BGaN, AlGaN, A1BN, and AlBGaN. Formed of things.
- a more preferable material of the second layer 14b in the embodiment of FIG. 6 is BGaN, which corresponds to a material in which a in the above formula is 0 and b is 0.3.
- the gap between the child band and the conductivity, that is, the band gap is smaller than the band gap of the first layer 13b.
- One or both of the first layer 13b and the second layer 14b can be doped with a p-type impurity or an n-type impurity.
- the buffer region 2b of FIG. 6 has the same effect as the buffer region 2 of FIG. 1, and furthermore, since the second layer 14b contains boron, the second layer 14b contains boron.
- the second layer 14b can be formed relatively thicker by preventing the occurrence of cracks, as compared with the case where no second layer 14b is provided.
- the HEMT of Example 5 shown in FIG. 7 is obtained by transforming the silicon substrate 1 of Example 1 of FIG. 1 into a sapphire substrate la, transforming the buffer region 2 into a low-temperature buffer region 2c, and transforming the drain electrode 5 into a semiconductor region.
- the gate electrode 6 and the source electrode 4 are provided in an annular shape around the surface of the semiconductor region 3 so as to surround the drain electrode 5, and the conductor film 8 is connected to the source electrode 4.
- the others are the same as those shown in FIG.
- the low-temperature buffer region 2c is formed on the sapphire substrate la at a temperature of 500 to 600 ° C by stacking a plurality of stacked layers selected from GaN, A1N, AlGaN, or any one of these, or all of these stacked layers. It is a thing that has grown up in a pitch.
- the side surfaces of the sapphire substrate la and the low-temperature buffer region 2c in FIG. 7 are inclined similarly to the silicon substrate 1 and the buffer region 2 in FIG. are doing.
- the conductor film 8 facing the inclined side surface 17 of the buffer region 2c and the semiconductor region 3 via the insulating film 7 is connected to the source electrode 4 via the extension 9b.
- the source electrode 4 provided near the periphery of the surface of the semiconductor region 3 has a function of applying a predetermined potential to the conductor film 8 in addition to the original source electrode function.
- the extension 9b of the conductor film 8 functions as a conductor for connecting the conductor film 8 to the source electrode 4 as a predetermined potential applying means. Therefore, the potential of the conductor film 8 is fixed at the potential of the source electrode 4.
- the source electrode 4, the drain electrode 5 and the gate electrode 6 are provided on the surface of the semiconductor region 3 in the same pattern as in FIG. Can be connected.
- the silicon substrate 1 of FIG. 1 was replaced with a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate lb, the buffer region 2 was replaced with a low-temperature buffer region 2c similar to FIG. 9 is omitted, and the rest is formed in the same manner as in FIG.
- the low-temperature buffer region 2c and the semiconductor region 3 in FIG. 8 are formed on the SiC substrate lb by epitaxy growth.
- the conductive film 8 in FIG. 8 is electrically connected to the SiC substrate lb, the buffer region 2c, and the force facing the inclined side surface 17 of the semiconductor region 3 via the insulating film 7 to the SiC substrate lb and the semiconductor region 3. And is connected via a conductor 9c to a potential applying means 20 provided outside.
- the potential applying means 20 is capable of applying a predetermined potential to the conductor film 8, and is an external electrode or an external conductor or an external semiconductor having a predetermined potential, or a voltage capable of applying a predetermined potential to the conductor film 8. It is an application circuit.
- a metal support plate 21 indicated by a broken line in FIG. 8 can be used instead of the potential applying means 20.
- the metal support plate 21 is electrically and mechanically coupled to the fixing metal layer 10 and has a predetermined potential such as a ground.
- the conductive film 8 is supported by a metal supporting plate 9c via a conductor 9c such as a wire. Connect to plate 21.
- the potential of the conductor film 8 is fixed by the function of the potential applying means 20 or the metal support plate 21. As long as the effect is obtained, the effect of alleviating the electric field on the inclined side surface 17 is obtained favorably, and the leakage current is suppressed.
- the conductor film 8 is disposed on the insulating film 7 without being connected to the substrate 1 or lb, or the source electrode 4, or the potential applying means 20, or the metal support plate 2, etc.
- the conductor film 8 contributes to the potential stabilization of the side surface 17 of the semiconductor region 3 and the buffer regions 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, and the leakage current is suppressed.
- the conductor film 8 can be connected to the potential applying means 20 or the metal support plate 21 as in FIG.
- the conductor film 8 in FIG. 7 is opposed only to the side surface of the semiconductor region 3 with the insulating film 7 interposed therebetween. . Even if formed in this way, the same effect as that of the embodiment of FIG. 7 can be obtained. To obtain a large effect of reducing the leakage current, the conductor film 8 is extended to the substrate la as in FIG.
- the conductor film 8 can be opposed to only the semiconductor region 3 or 3a as in FIG. Further, in all of Examples 17 to 17, the conductor layer 8 and the insulating film 7 can be opposed only to the buffer region 2.
- the semiconductor region 3 of the HEMT shown in FIGS. 1, 5 to 9 can be replaced with the semiconductor region 3a of the MESFET shown in FIG.
- the present invention can be applied to an insulated gate field effect transistor other than the HEMT and the MESFET or a semiconductor element similar thereto. That is, the present invention can be applied to all semiconductor elements in which leakage current between the first and second electrodes on the surface of the semiconductor region 3 or 3a is problematic.
- the side surface 17 desirably has an inclination of 2,070 degrees with respect to the surface of the semiconductor region 3 or 3a, but may have another angle.
- Each of the layers of the semiconductor regions 3 and 3a is made of GaN (gallium nitride), AllnN (indium aluminum nitride), AlGaN (gallium aluminum nitride), InGaN (gallium indium nitride), and AlInGaN (gallium indium aluminum nitride). ) And the like.
- an electron supply layer similar to the electron supply layer 16 can be provided between the electron transit layer 15 and the buffer region 2.
- the source electrode 4 is disposed at the center of the surface of the semiconductor region 3, and the gate electrode 6 and the drain electrode 5 are sequentially disposed so as to surround the source electrode 4. 8 may be connected to the drain electrode 5. 7 and 9, a gate electrode 6 may be further formed in an annular shape outside the source electrode 4, and the conductor film 8 may be connected thereto.
- the present invention can be applied to reduction of leakage current of semiconductor devices such as HEMTs and MESFETs.
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US11/357,567 US7491983B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2006-02-17 | Nitride-based semiconductor device of reduced current leakage |
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US7491983B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 |
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US20060138457A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
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