WO2005008865A1 - 回転電機及びこの回転電機を備えた電動車両 - Google Patents
回転電機及びこの回転電機を備えた電動車両 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005008865A1 WO2005008865A1 PCT/JP2004/007603 JP2004007603W WO2005008865A1 WO 2005008865 A1 WO2005008865 A1 WO 2005008865A1 JP 2004007603 W JP2004007603 W JP 2004007603W WO 2005008865 A1 WO2005008865 A1 WO 2005008865A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- stator
- rotating shaft
- rotating
- shaft
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
- H02K21/022—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator
- H02K21/025—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator by varying the thickness of the air gap between field and armature
- H02K21/026—Axial air gap machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K2204/00—Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
- H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine and an electric vehicle provided with the rotating electrical machine.
- a rotation that includes a rotor, a rotary shaft attached to the rotor, and a stator, and controls the strength of a field established between the rotor and the stator according to the number of rotations of the rotor.
- Electric machines are known. In this type of rotating electrical machine, it is possible to adjust the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine (for example, the relationship between the number of revolutions of the rotating shaft and the output torque, etc.) by controlling the strength of the above-mentioned field.
- Patent Document 1 a rotating electric machine disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-122886 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 1) is known.
- the rotary electric machine is a stationary side member, a housing constituting an outer shell of the rotary electric machine, a rotary shaft rotatably supported around the axial center with respect to the housing and supported so as not to move in the axial direction, and the rotary shaft.
- the rotor comprises: a rotor interlocked with the shaft and rotatable about the axis; a stator supported by the housing so as to face the rotor; and a centrifugal governor coupled to the tip of the rotating shaft. Ru.
- a plurality of accommodation holes extending in parallel with the axial direction of the rotation shaft (hereinafter, also simply referred to as the axial direction) are formed in the yoke constituting the stator, and each accommodation hole extends in the axial direction of the rotation shaft Have been imported.
- Each auxiliary yoke is connected to the centrifugal governor and moved axially by the centrifugal governor. That is, the amount of penetration of the auxiliary yoke into each accommodation hole varies with the rotational speed of the rotation shaft. Therefore, the magnetic resistance of the yoke changes according to the rotational speed of the rotating shaft, and the strength of the field established between the rotor and the stator is adjusted.
- JP-A-3-215154 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 2) is a rotary electric machine that adjusts the strength of the field between the rotor and the stator by moving the rotor toward or away from the stator. It is disclosed.
- the rotating electric machine includes a stationary side member, a rotating shaft rotatably supported about the stationary side member about an axial center, a rotor connected to the rotating shaft and rotating around the axial center, and the rotor A stator supported by the stationary side member facing the motor, a spring biasing the rotary shaft in a direction in which the port moves away from the stator, and an electromagnet electrically connected in series to the stator.
- the rotating shaft is made of a magnetic material.
- the electromagnet when current is supplied to the electromagnet, the electromagnet attracts the rotation shaft in the axial direction. If the attraction force of the electromagnet is larger than the biasing force of the spring, the stator approaches the stator. Conversely, if the attraction force of the electromagnet is smaller than the biasing force of the spring, the rotor separates from the stator. As described above, the electromagnet and the spring constitute an actuator that moves the rotating shaft in the axial direction.
- the current supplied to the electromagnet also becomes large, and the attraction force by the electromagnet becomes larger than the biasing force of the spring. Then, the rotary shaft moves in a direction in which the rotor approaches the stator by the attraction force of the electromagnet. As a result, the size of the gap between the rotor and the stator becomes smaller, and the field becomes stronger.
- Tonolek characteristics as the rotating electrical machine disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be obtained. That is, even when the rotary electric machine disclosed in Patent Document 2 operates as a motor, when the output torque of the rotary shaft is small, the rotational speed is high, and when the rotational speed is low, the output torque is large. Torque characteristics are obtained.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-122886
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-215154
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above-mentioned circumstances, and its object is to move the rotor in its axial direction to move the rotor toward or away from the stator.
- the external dimensions are reduced and the configuration is simplified.
- Another object of the present invention is to make it possible to move a rotor in the axial direction of a rotating shaft without causing an increase in external dimensions and a complication of the configuration in a rotating electrical machine. .
- a rotary electric machine comprises a base member, a stator fixed to the base member, a rotary shaft rotatably supported by the base member, and the shaft connected to the rotary shaft.
- the rotor which transmits torque between the rotor and the rotor, and the magnitude of the transmission torque between the rotor and the rotor, along the axial direction of the rotor.
- a rotor position variable mechanism that brings the rotor closer to or away from the stator.
- the rotating electrical machine when operating as an electric motor, a tonorect is transmitted from the rotor to the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is driven.
- the rotating electrical machine when the rotating electrical machine operates as a generator, torque is transmitted from the rotating shaft to the rotor to drive the rotor.
- transmission of torque is performed between the rotating shaft and the rotor.
- the above-mentioned rotating electrical machine is not limited to one operating as a motor and a generator, but may operate only as a motor or may operate only as a generator.
- the above-mentioned rotating electrical machine is provided with the above-mentioned rotor position variable mechanism, so the rotor approaches or separates from the stator according to the magnitude of the transfer torque between the rotating shaft and the rotor.
- the field established between the rotor and the stator becomes stronger as the rotor approaches the stator and conversely becomes weaker as the rotor moves away from the stator. Therefore, in the rotating electrical machine, the strength of the field is controlled in accordance with the magnitude of the transfer torque between the rotating shaft and the rotor. Then, by controlling the field, the relationship between the rotational speed of the rotating shaft and the torque, that is, the torque characteristic is changed.
- the rotary electric machine can be operated in a wide range, an operation area.
- a complicated centrifugal governor having a large external dimension and a structure is not necessary. Therefore, the external dimensions of the rotary electric machine can be reduced.
- the configuration of the rotary electric machine can be simplified. By applying this rotating electric machine to an electric vehicle, downsizing of the electric vehicle and simplification of the configuration can be achieved.
- the rotor position variable mechanism generates a component force generation mechanism that generates a component that causes the rotor to move in the axial direction of the rotation shaft from a transmission torque transmitted between the rotation shaft and the rotor. It is preferable to have it prepared.
- Another rotary electric machine includes a base member, a stator fixed to the base member, a rotary shaft rotatably supported by the base member, and the rotary shaft coupled to the rotary shaft.
- the rotor moves by the component force of the transmission torque, and approaches or separates from the stator. Therefore, the above-mentioned effect can be obtained.
- the rotor position variable mechanism may move the rotor closer to the stator when the transmission torque transmitted from the rotor to the rotation shaft increases.
- the rotor position variable mechanism may cause the rotor to move away from the stator when the transmission torque transmitted from the rotor to the rotation shaft decreases.
- the rotor position variable mechanism may cause the rotor to move away from the stator when the transfer torque transmitted from the rotation shaft to the rotor increases.
- the force that causes the rotor position changing mechanism to move the rotor away from the stator balances the attraction magnetic force generated between the rotor and the stator with each other.
- the rotor should be in the desired position regardless of the rotational speed of the rotating shaft It can be positioned. That is, the voltage generated by the rotating electrical machine can be made almost constant.
- the power generation characteristic of the rotating electrical machine the braking characteristic when performing regenerative braking.
- the power generation circuit such as the voltage booster circuit or the voltage drop circuit.
- the rotor position variable mechanism preferably includes a spring for biasing the rotor in a direction toward or away from the stator.
- the degree of approach and departure of the rotor and the stator can be freely set by adjusting the characteristics of the spring. Therefore, by adjusting the characteristics of the spring, it is possible to adjust the tonolek characteristics of the rotary electric machine. Since it is easy to adjust the characteristics of the spring, it becomes possible to easily adjust the torque characteristics of the rotating electrical machine. Further, since the spring is a member having a simple structure, the adjustment of the torque characteristic is realized by the simple structure.
- the spring is a first spring member that biases the rotor in a direction toward the stator, and a second spring member that biases the rotor in a direction away from the stator.
- the first spring member that biases the rotor in a direction toward the stator
- a second spring member that biases the rotor in a direction away from the stator.
- the spring has non-linear characteristics.
- the spring having the non-linear characteristic as described above, it is possible to appropriately adjust the movement characteristic of the rotor S. Therefore, depending on the magnitude of the transmission torque, the approach or departure position of the rotor with respect to the stator can be arbitrarily determined, and the desired tonorek characteristic can be obtained. For example, a non-linear attraction magnetic force generated between the rotor and the stator can be corrected to apply a linear force to the rotor.
- the spring may be configured by connecting a plurality of spring members having different characteristics to each other. And is preferred.
- the entire characteristic of the spring can be obtained. It can be a desired property, for example a non-linear property.
- the configuration of the rotary electric machine can be further simplified by using the spring member having a simple configuration.
- the component force generation mechanism has a helical structure that allows relative movement of the rotation shaft and the rotor in a spiral manner around an axis of the rotation shaft.
- a component force is generated from the transfer torque between the rotor and the rotation shaft by a mechanically simple configuration of a helical structure. Then, the rotor receives this component force and moves in a direction toward or away from the stator.
- the configuration of the rotating electrical machine is simplified, and a large mechanical or electrical loss during the movement of the rotor is prevented.
- the component force generation mechanism has an engagement structure in which the rotation shaft and the rotor are engaged, and at least a portion of which extends in a spiral shape around the axis of the rotation shaft.
- a component force is generated from the transmission torque. Since at least a part of the engagement structure extends helically around the axis, the rotor moves helically with respect to the rotation axis when receiving the component force. As a result, the rotor moves in a direction toward or away from the stator. Therefore, a component force can be generated from the transmission torque and a force S can be taken to prevent the movement of the rotor by the relatively simple configuration of the engagement structure.
- the component force generation mechanism preferably includes a helical gear set provided between the rotating shaft and the rotor.
- the rotary electric machine is miniaturized and the configuration is simplified accordingly.
- the component force generation mechanism may include a cam set provided between the rotating shaft and the rotor.
- the cam set is a relatively small and easy-to-configure member
- the rotary electric machine can be miniaturized and the configuration can be simplified accordingly.
- the rotor and the stay are caused by the approach or departure of the rotor with respect to the stator.
- the strength of the field between the rotor and the stator largely depends on the dimension of the gap between the rotor and the stator. Therefore, according to the above-mentioned rotating electrical machine, the field strength largely changes even if the moving amount of the rotor is small. Therefore, even if the amount of movement of the rotor is small, the torque characteristics can be greatly changed. Conversely, the amount of movement of the rotor required to achieve a given torque characteristic may be small. Therefore, since the space for moving the rotor can be small, the rotary electric machine can be miniaturized. For example, if the electric rotating machine is applied to an electric vehicle, miniaturization of the electric vehicle can be achieved.
- the rotor and the stator face each other in the axial direction of the rotation axis.
- the “axial direction of the rotation axis” is not limited to the direction coinciding with the axial center of the rotation axis, but also includes a direction parallel to the axial direction of the rotation axis.
- the rotating electrical machine is miniaturized.
- Another rotating electrical machine includes a base member, a stator fixed to the base member, a rotary shaft rotatably supported by the base member, and the rotary shaft connected to the rotary shaft.
- a rotor that transmits torque between the rotor and the rotor, and the rotor and the rotor are rotatable relative to each other about the axis of the rotor, and the rotor and the rotor are relative to each other.
- a moving member for relatively moving the rotor in the axial direction with respect to the rotation axis by rotation.
- the rotor In the rotating electrical machine, the rotor relatively moves in the axial direction of the rotating shaft by mere relative rotation between the rotating shaft and the rotor by the moving member.
- the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine can be freely changed by changing the dimension of the gap between the rotor and the stator or changing the facing area of the rotor and the stator. That is, changes in the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine are achieved with a small and simple configuration.
- Another rotary electric machine includes a base member, a stator fixed to the base member, a rotary shaft rotatably supported by the base member, and the rotary shaft connected to the rotary shaft.
- a moving member that moves relative to the axis in the axial direction.
- the rotor In the rotating electrical machine, the rotor relatively moves in the axial direction of the rotating shaft by the moving member and a part of the transmission torque between the rotating shaft and the rotor. Therefore, the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine can be changed by the small and simple configuration. Further, unlike the prior art in which the electromagnet is used to move the rotor, the electrical loss is suppressed small when the rotor is moved. Further, in the above-mentioned prior art, the external force for moving the rotor acts indirectly on the rotor via the rotation shaft. On the other hand, according to the above-mentioned rotating electrical machine, the force generated to move the rotor acts directly on the rotor. Therefore, when moving the rotor, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a large mechanical or electrical loss S.
- the moving member has an engagement structure in which the rotation shaft is engaged with the rotor, and at least a portion of the movement member spirally extends around the axis of the rotation shaft.
- the moving member preferably includes a convex portion formed on any one of the rotating shaft and the rotor, and a concave portion formed on the other and engaged with the convex portion.
- the engagement between the concave and the convex rotates the rotary shaft and the rotor relative to each other, thereby changing the dimension of the gap between the rotor and the stator.
- the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine can be freely changed by changing it. Since the recess and the protrusion have a simple configuration, changes in the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine can be achieved with a simple configuration. In addition, since the moving member engages the recess and the protrusion, a large torque can be transmitted.
- At least one of the convex portion and the concave portion spirally extends around the axis of the rotation axis. It is preferable that
- An electric vehicle according to the present invention is provided with the above-mentioned electric rotating machine as a driving travel source.
- the rotor can be moved toward or away from the stator by a small and simple structure, and the strength of the field between the rotor and the stator can be controlled. It is possible to do S. In addition, it becomes possible to move the rotor in the axial direction of the rotary shaft without increasing the external dimensions or complicating the structure.
- FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view of a rotating electrical machine according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the Tonolek characteristics of the first embodiment and the conventional example.
- FIG. 3 is a plan cross-sectional view of a rotating electrical machine according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a plan sectional view of a rotary electric machine according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a plan sectional view showing a first specific example of a moving member according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 A transverse sectional view showing a second specific example of the moving member according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG.
- reference numeral 1 denotes an electric vehicle.
- the electric vehicle 1 of the present embodiment is a motorcycle which is a kind of straddle type vehicle.
- the electric vehicle according to the present invention is not limited to a straddle type vehicle.
- the arrow Fr indicates the traveling direction of the electric vehicle 1, that is, the front.
- Electric powered vehicle 1 includes a vehicle body (not shown) and a rear arm 2 pivotally supported in the vertical direction with respect to the vehicle body.
- An axle 4 extending in the width direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1) of the vehicle body is rotatably supported around an axial center 3 at the swinging end of the rear portion of the rear arm 2 .
- a driving wheel for traveling 5 which is a rear wheel is connected to the axle 4.
- the electric vehicle 1 further includes a rotating electric machine 7 operating at least as an electric motor as a traveling drive source.
- the rotary electric machine 7 is connected to the drive wheel 5 via an axle 4 and a planetary gear type reduction mechanism 6.
- the rotating electrical machine 7 is installed on the shaft center 3. However, as long as the rotating electrical machine 7 is connected to the driving wheel 5 for traveling, it may be provided at a position away from the shaft center 3.
- the rotating electrical machine 7 includes a housing 11 as a base member, a rotating shaft 12 provided inside the housing 11, a rotor 13 and a stator 14.
- a rear end portion of the roof 2 forms a housing 11.
- the housing 11 can also be referred to as a stationary side member.
- the rotating shaft 12 is supported rotatably and axially immovably with respect to the housing 11 about the axis 3.
- the rotor 13 is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft 12 and rotates around the axial center 3 as the rotating shaft 12 rotates.
- the stator 14 is fixed to the housing 11 so as to face the rotor 13, and the rotor 13 and the stator 14 face each other in the axial direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1) of the rotating shaft 12.
- a rotor position changing mechanism 15 is further provided inside the housing 11.
- the rotor position variable mechanism 15 moves the rotor 13 in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 12 by using a part of the torque T (transfer torque) T transmitted between the rotating shaft 12 and the rotor 13 as a driving force, The position of the rotor 13 is changed.
- T transfer torque
- the direction in which the rotor 13 separates from the force of the stator 14 is referred to as the forward direction A
- the direction in which the rotor 13 approaches the stator 14 is referred to as the reverse direction B.
- this rotor position changing mechanism 15 changes the position of the rotor 13 relative to the stator 14 according to the magnitude of the transmission torque T only by moving the rotor 13 closer to or away from the stator 14.
- the rotor 13 is formed in a substantially disc shape as a whole. Specifically, the rotor 13 is provided with a yoke 17 in which the rotating shaft 12 is fitted, and a permanent magnet 18 fixed to the yoke 17.
- the yoke 17 is provided with a cylindrical boss portion 19 in which a hole for inserting the rotation shaft 12 is formed, and a substantially disc-shaped yoke body 20 supported by the boss portion 19.
- the yoke 17 is supported by the rotating shaft 12 inserted into the above-mentioned hole.
- the yoke body 20 is formed of a magnetic material, and the permanent magnet 18 is supported on the outer peripheral portion of one surface (the lower surface in FIG. 1) of the yoke body 20.
- the stator 14 includes teeth 23 fixed to the housing 11 by fasteners 22 and coils 24 wound on the teeth 23.
- the teeth 23 oppose the permanent magnets 18 of the rotor 13 in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 12.
- the rotor position variable mechanism 15 urges the rotor 13 so as to urge the rotor 13 away from the stator 14, the rotor 26, the transmission torque between the rotor 13 and the rotary wheel 12, and the like.
- a component generating mechanism 27 for generating a component to be moved in the axial direction of the shaft.
- One end of the spring 26 is attached to the housing 11 and the other end of the spring 26 is connected to the block 50.
- the block 50 is connected to the boss 19 of the rotor 13 via bearings 51 and the like. Therefore, the block 50 rotatably supports the rotor 13 around the axial center 3 and moves integrally with the rotor 13 with respect to the axial direction of the rotational shaft 12.
- the biasing force of the spring 26 acts on the rotor 13 via the block 50.
- a first stopper 28 that prevents the rotor 13 from moving away from the stator 12 by more than a predetermined distance, and the rotor 13 approaching by less than the predetermined distance from the stator 12
- a second stop 29 and a force S are placed, respectively, to prevent
- the spring 26 has such a characteristic that the load and the displacement amount are not in direct proportion within the movable range of the rotor 13, that is, a non-linear characteristic.
- the spring 26 is provided with a plurality of spring members 32 having different free lengths.
- the type, shape, configuration, material, characteristics and the like of the spring 26 are not limited in any way.
- the spring 26 may be formed by combining a plurality of spring members having different characteristics. It is also possible to form the spring 26 by combining multiple spring members of different materials.
- the component force generation mechanism 27 is a mechanism that generates a component force that causes the rotor 13 to move in the axial direction from the transmission torque between the rotor 13 and the rotating shaft 12. Further, the component force generation mechanism 27 has a so-called helical structure, and moves the rotating shaft 12 and the rotor 13 relative to each other in a helical manner around the axis 3 by the component force of the transmission torque ⁇ . That is, the component force generation mechanism 27 has a mechanical helical structure that allows the rotary shaft 12 and the rotor 13 to be relatively moved in a spiral around the axial center 3. In the present embodiment, the component force generation mechanism 27 is configured by a helical gear set 34 centered on the axial center 3.
- the helical gear set 34 is provided between the boss 19 of the yoke 17 and the rotary shaft 12 fitted in the boss 19.
- the outer of the helical gear set 34 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 12
- the inner one of the helical gear set 34 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the boss portion 19, and these outer and inner ones are formed. And the other are in love with each other.
- a component force is generated from the transmission torque T between the rotary shaft 12 and the boss portion 19, and the rotary shaft is produced by the component force.
- the boss 19 move relative to each other in a spiral.
- the above-mentioned outer and the first stock bar 28 are integrally formed.
- a right-handed helical gear set is used as the helical gear set 34. That is, in the present embodiment, when the transmission torque T is transmitted from the rotor 13 toward the rotating shaft 12, the helical gear set 34 is a component force D in a direction in which the rotor 13 approaches the stator 14 (hereinafter referred to as positive Generate a component force).
- the moving direction (forward direction A or return direction B) of the rotor 13 is the biasing force C of the spring 26 acting in the forward direction A, and the attraction magnetic force F in the reverse direction B acting between the rotor 13 and the stator 14 , It is determined by the magnitude of the force D acting in the reverse direction B.
- the gap size E becomes smaller.
- the boss 19 of the yoke 17 of the rotor 13 abuts on the second stopper 29, Further movement of the rotor 13 is blocked (see solid line in FIG. 1). At this time, the gap dimension E takes a predetermined minimum value.
- the rotary electric machine 7 When the rotary electric machine 7 operates as a motor, the rotor 13 rotates, and torque is transmitted from the rotor 13 to the rotary shaft 12 to rotate the rotary shaft 12 as well. Then, the torque (output torque) of the rotary shaft 12 is transmitted to the drive wheel 5 via the reduction gear mechanism 6 and the axle 4 to drive the drive wheel 5. As a result, the electric vehicle 1 travels.
- the required torque (that is, the load on the rotating shaft 12) between the rotating shaft 12 and the drive wheel 5 is small, and sometimes the transmission torque T transmitted from the rotor 13 to the rotating shaft 12 is small.
- the component force D generated by the component force generation mechanism 27 also decreases. Therefore, the biasing force C of the spring 26 is larger than the combined force of the normal force D and the attraction magnetic force F, and the rotor 13 receives an external force that moves in the forward direction A as a whole.
- the rotor 13 moves in the forward direction A, and the rotor 13 separates from the stator 14. Therefore, the gap dimension E becomes large (see single-dotted line in Fig. 1).
- the field established between the rotor 13 and the stator 14 is weakened. Therefore, it is possible to rotate the rotating shaft 12 at high speed in a state where the output torque of the rotating shaft 12 (specifically, the output torque per unit current flowing through the stator 14) is low, that is, the low torque.
- the output torque of the rotating shaft 12 can be adjusted according to the load of the rotating shaft 12. That is, when the rotary electric machine 7 operates as a motor, when the output torque of the rotary shaft 12 is in a low torque state, the rotary shaft 12 is rotated at high speed. In the low speed rotation state, the torque characteristic that the output torque of the rotating shaft 12 can be made high can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 shows an experimental result in the case where the rotary electric machine 7 of the above configuration is driven as a motor. From this experimental result, according to the rotating electrical machine 7, it is understood that the output torque is larger in each rotation range than in the conventional rotating electrical machine in which the field is not changed.
- the output of the rotary electric machine 7 is maximum at a rotational speed of 1,800 to 2,800 rpm.
- the transmission torque (input torque) is input from the axle 4 to the rotation shaft 12.
- the rotating electrical machine 7 performs regenerative braking as a generator, and the electric vehicle 1 is braked.
- the component force that causes the rotor 13 to move in the axial direction from the transfer torque transmitted from the rotary shaft 12 to the rotor 13 by the component force generation mechanism 27 (a component force in the opposite direction to the above-mentioned positive component D).
- this is called a reverse component).
- This reverse component is an external force acting in the forward direction A, like the biasing force C of the spring 26.
- the rotor 13 When the resultant force of the reverse component and the biasing force C of the spring 26 becomes larger than the attraction magnetic force F, the rotor 13 receives an external force in the forward direction A as a whole, and the rotor 13 separates from the stator 14. Then, the field is weakened and the load on the rotating shaft 12 is reduced. For this reason, sudden braking of the electric vehicle 1 by the regenerative control operation of the rotary electric machine 7 is prevented, and smooth traveling is maintained.
- rotary electric machine 7 is provided with a motor position variable mechanism 15 for moving rotor 13 toward or away from stator 14, the gap size E between rotor 13 and stator 14 is By adjusting, the torque characteristic can be adjusted. Therefore, according to the present rotating electrical machine 7, desired characteristics can be obtained with regard to the relationship between the rotational speed and the output torque, or the relationship between the rotational speed and the input torque.
- the rotor position changing mechanism 15 moves the rotor 13 by using a part of the transmission torque T as a driving force. That is, the rotary electric machine 7 performs control of the above-mentioned field based on the transmission torque T directly related to the output torque or torque on the rotary shaft 12. Therefore, according to the rotary electric machine 7, as compared with the prior art in which the field is controlled using a centrifugal governor having a large outer shape and a complicated structure, the centrifugal governor is not required, and therefore the outer dimensions Can be miniaturized and the configuration can be simplified. Therefore, by applying the rotating electrical machine 7 to the electric vehicle 1 and the like, downsizing and simplification of the configuration of the electric vehicle 1 and the like can be achieved.
- the value of the current supplied to the stator and the value of the current supplied to the electromagnet for moving the rotor are proportional to each other.
- the adjustment range is narrowly limited.
- the characteristic S can be adjusted regardless of the value of the current supplied to the stator 14, and the degree of freedom in design is improved accordingly.
- the rotor position changing mechanism 15 changes the distance between the rotor 13 and the stator 14 in accordance with the magnitude of the transmission torque T. Therefore, the field established between the rotor 13 and the stator 14 is controlled to be strong or weak depending on the magnitude of the transmission torque T. By such control, the following effects can be obtained.
- the rotor 13 is positioned at a position away from the stator 14 when the transmission torque T is small, and the rotor 13 approaches the stator 14 as the transmission torque T increases. It can be done. Therefore, when the motor 13 is driven as an electric motor, when the output torque from the rotor 13 to the rotating shaft 12 is small, the rotor 13 separates from the force of the stator 14 (dotted line in FIG. 1), and the field weakens. Therefore, the rotating shaft 12 can be rotated at high speed in the state of low torque with low output torque of the rotating shaft 12. For example, if this rotating electrical machine 7 is applied to the electric vehicle 1, it is possible to further increase the speed of traveling in a low torque state where the output torque is small.
- the output torque of the rotary shaft 12 can be made high in low speed rotation.
- the rotating electrical machine 7 when the rotating electrical machine 7 is applied to the electric vehicle 1, the output torque can be made high when the electric vehicle 1 starts or accelerates, and the starting or acceleration can be accelerated.
- the rotary electric machine 7 when the rotary electric machine 7 is driven as an electric motor, it is possible to obtain suitable characteristics such as high torque at low speed and low torque at high speed. Therefore, the rotary electric machine 7 can be driven in a wide range from the low speed high torque area to the high speed low torque area.
- regenerative braking can be performed by the rotary electric machine 7.
- a reverse component force is generated from the transmission torque T which is an input torque to the rotating shaft 12, and the rotor 13 moves in the forward direction A using this reverse component force as a driving force.
- the reverse component force increases, the rotor 13 separates from the stator 14, and the field becomes weak. Therefore, overbraking or overcharging is prevented.
- the rotor position changing mechanism 15 is provided with the component force generating mechanism 27 that generates the transmission torque T force and the component force so as to move the rotor 13. Therefore, the component force generation mechanism 27 directly applies a component force corresponding to the magnitude of the transmission torque T to the rotor. Therefore, unlike the prior art which has an external force for moving the rotor indirectly acting on the rotor, for example, the prior art having the electromagnet for attracting the rotation shaft, the machine for moving the rotor 13 It is possible to prevent the occurrence of a large loss due to
- the rotor position variable mechanism 15 is a spring that biases the rotor 13 in the moving direction of the rotor 13.
- the degree of approach or departure between the rotor 13 and the stator 14 can be freely determined by adjusting the characteristics of the spring 26. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a complicated device to adjust the degree of approach or departure of the rotor 13. Since the collar 26 is a member having a simple structure, the structure of the rotary electric machine 7 can be simplified.
- biasing force C of the spring 26 in the above description is referred to as “biasing force C of the spring 26 and other springs 26 ′”. It is read as “the resultant of the force” and “the spring constant of the spring 26” as “the spring constant of each spring 26, 26 '”.
- the spring 26 is a spring having a non-linear characteristic. For this reason, by selecting the spring 26 having a predetermined non-linear characteristic, it is possible to arbitrarily set the approach or separation position of the rotor 13 with respect to the stator 14 in accordance with the magnitude of the transmission torque T. Characteristics can be obtained. For example, the attractive magnetic force F generated between the rotor 13 and the stator 14 inherently has a non-linear characteristic with respect to the distance between the rotor 13 and the stator 14, but the biasing force C of the spring 26 is non-linear. By doing this, it is possible to make the characteristics of the resultant force of the biasing force C and the attraction magnetic force F pseudo-linear.
- the spring 26 is provided with a plurality of spring members 32 having different free lengths. Therefore, for example, by using a spring member having a linear characteristic in a part of the plurality of spring members 32 and using a spring member having a different characteristic in another part, a desired non-linear characteristic is produced as a whole. It can have characteristics. As a result, since the linear spring member 32 has a simple structure, the structure of the rotary electric machine 7 can be further simplified by using the simple spring member 32.
- the component force generation mechanism 27 has a helical structure in which the rotary shaft 12 and the rotor 13 are relatively moved in a helical manner around the axial center 3. Therefore, a component force can be generated from the transfer torque T between the rotating shaft 12 and the rotor 13 by a mechanically simple configuration of a helical structure, and this component force is directly applied to the rotor 13. It can be added. Thus, the configuration of the rotary electric machine 7 can be simplified, and a large mechanical or electrical loss can be prevented from occurring when moving the rotor 13.
- the component force generation mechanism 27 is configured of a helical gear set 34 provided between the rotating shaft 12 and the rotor 13.
- the helical gear set 34 is small in size and The construction is easy. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the rotary electric machine 7 and simplify the configuration S.
- the rotary electric machine 7 of the present embodiment is a so-called flat rotary electric machine in which the rotor 13 has a substantially disc shape, and the rotor 13 and the stator 14 are opposed in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 12. Therefore, when the rotor 13 moves in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 12, the gap dimension E of the gap separating the rotor 13 and the stator 14 changes.
- the required moving distance of the rotor 13 can be made shorter than that of the above-described opposed-area-variable-type rotary electric machine. Therefore, the rotary electric machine 7 can be made smaller. For example, when the rotary electric machine 7 is applied to the electric vehicle 1, the electric vehicle 1 can be further miniaturized.
- the characteristics of the spring 26 may be linear.
- the spring members 32 of the spring 26 may have the same shape, the same size, or the same characteristics, and may have the same characteristics.
- the component force generation mechanism 27 may be a helical structure other than the helical gear set 34, for example, a screw, or a ball screw in which a large number of balls are interposed.
- the teeth 23 and the coil 24 may be disposed on the rotor 13 side, and the permanent magnet 18 may be disposed on the stator 14 side.
- the setting of the spring 26 is changed in the first embodiment so that the biasing force C of the spring 26 is smaller than the attraction magnetic force F.
- the rotor 13 when the rotary electric machine 7 is driven as a motor, the rotor 13 is moved in the reverse direction B by the attraction magnetic force F until it abuts on the second stopper 29 regardless of the magnitude of the transmission torque T. . As a result, the rotor 13 is always positioned close to the stator 14 (see the solid line in FIG. 1).
- the reverse component force, the biasing force C of the spring 26 and the attraction magnetic force F are mutually fishing. It can be adjusted. For example, by setting the twist angle of the helical gear set 34 and the spring constant of the spring 26 to desired values, it is possible to balance the reverse component force, the biasing force C and the attraction magnetic force F. Then, by balancing the reverse component force, the biasing force C, and the attraction magnetic force F, the rotor 13 can be positioned at a desired position between the first stop 28 and the second stopper 29, and the rotor 13 can be positioned. Can be rotated at a desired position.
- the characteristics of the rotary electric machine 7 can be made the desired characteristics suitable for charging the secondary battery.
- a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the spring 26 for urging the rotor 13 in the forward direction A is removed and the rotor 13 is urged in the return direction B.
- the spring 26 ' Provided with only the spring 26 '.
- the rotor 13 when the rotary electric machine 7 operates as a motor, the rotor 13 receives the biasing force C ′ of the spring 26 ′ and the attraction magnetic force F. Then, regardless of the magnitude of the transmission torque T, the rotor 13 moves in the reverse direction B until it abuts on the second stop bar 29. As a result, the rotor 13 is always positioned close to the stator 14 (see the solid line in FIG. 3).
- the transmission torque transmitted from the rotary shaft 12 to the rotor 13 (this transmission torque is equal to the input torque of the rotary shaft 12).
- a reverse component acting on A is generated.
- the input torque T of the rotating shaft 12 is small, the reverse component is smaller than the combined force of the biasing force C 'of the spring 26' and the attraction magnetic force F.
- the rotor 13 moves in the return direction B and is positioned close to the stator 14 (see the solid line in FIG. 7).
- the gap dimension E becomes smaller, and the field between the rotor 13 and the stator 14 becomes stronger.
- the power generation circuit such as the booster circuit or the step-down circuit can be simplified.
- the characteristics of the generator as a power generator can be made the desired characteristics suitable for charging a secondary battery.
- the fourth embodiment is a rotating electrical machine 7 in which a rotor 13 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the permanent magnets 18 of the rotor 13 and the teeth 23 of the stator 14 are opposed to each other in the radial direction of the rotation shaft 12 (left-right direction in FIG. 4).
- the rotor 13 when the rotor 13 is moved in the axial direction, the rotor 13 approaches or separates from the stator 14, and the facing areas of the rotor 13 and the stator 14 change. Then, the strength of the field changes due to the change of the facing area.
- the transmission torque T is transmitted from the rotor 13 to the rotary shaft 12.
- the transmission torque T transmitted from the rotor 13 to the rotating shaft 12 also decreases accordingly.
- the component force D generated by the component force generation mechanism 27 becomes smaller.
- the biasing force C of the spring 26 becomes relatively large, the rotor 13 separates from the stator 14 (see the dashed line in FIG. 4), and the opposing area becomes small.
- the field between the rotor 13 and the stator 14 is weakened.
- the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7.
- the fifth embodiment is a variation of the component generating mechanism 27 in the first embodiment.
- the rotor position variable mechanism 15 in the first embodiment generates a component force from torque and power transmitted inside the rotary electric machine 7 by the component force generation mechanism 27 and moves the rotor 13 by the component force. It is Therefore, focusing on the function of moving the rotor 13, the rotor position variable mechanism 15 can be reworded as a “moving member”.
- the rotary electric machine 7 can transmit torque and power between the rotary shaft 12 and the rotor 13, and make the rotary shaft 12 and the rotor 13 relatively rotatable around the shaft center 3,
- a moving member 41 is provided to move the rotor 13 in the axial direction relative to the rotating shaft 12 by relative rotation between the rotating shaft 12 and the rotor 13.
- the moving member 41 is constituted by the helical gear set 34.
- the moving member 41 is not limited to the helical structure such as the helical gear set 34.
- the gap size E between the rotor 13 and the stator 14 can be changed by a simple operation of merely rotating the rotary shaft 12 and the rotor 13 in a spiral manner relative to each other. It is possible to change the facing area of the rotor 13 and the stator 14 (see the fourth embodiment), and to change the characteristics of the rotary electric machine 7. That is, by using the moving member 41, the characteristics of the rotary electric machine 7 can be changed with a simple configuration.
- the moving member 41 is constituted by an engagement structure in which the rotation shaft 12 and the rotor 13 engage, and the engagement portion extends in a spiral shape around the axial center 3 of the rotation shaft 12.
- the component is applied from one of the rotating shaft 12 and the rotor 13 to the other through the engagement portion. Since the engagement portion extends in a helical manner, the rotor 13 subjected to the component force moves along the longitudinal direction of the engagement portion. That is, the rotor 13 moves helically with respect to the rotating shaft 12.
- a first example see FIG. 4
- a second example FIGS. 5 and 6
- FIG. 5 shows a first example of the moving member 41. As shown in FIG. 5
- the moving member 41 is constituted by a cam set 36 of a helical structure.
- the force assembly 36 is provided between the rotating shaft 12 and the rotor 13, and a portion of the transmission torque T is used as a driving force, and the rotating shaft 12 and the rotor 13 are spirally arranged relative to each other around the axial center 3 Move it.
- the cam set 36 includes a helical cam hole 37 formed in either one of the rotary shaft 12 and the rotor 13 and a cam projection 38 formed in the other.
- the cam projection 38 is fitted in the cam hole 37 and is in cam engagement with the cam hole 37.
- the cam projection 38 is provided on the rotating shaft 12, and the cam hole 37 is provided on the rotor 13.
- the cam set 36 is a small and simple mechanism. Therefore, according to the above configuration, the moving member 41 can be realized with a small and simple configuration. Therefore, rotary electric machine 7 can be made small and simple.
- the moving member 41 has a recess 42 formed in either one of the rotary shaft 12 and the rotor 13 and helically extending, and a protrusion 43 formed in the other and engaged with the recess 42.
- the helical root of the helical gear set 34 and the helical cam hole 37 of the cam set 36 correspond to the recess 42, and the helical tip of the helical gear set 34.
- the cam projection 38 in the cam assembly 36 corresponds to the projection 43.
- the specific configuration of the recess 42 and the protrusion 43 is not limited to that of the above embodiment.
- a long hole in a twist shape passing through the rotary shaft 12 is the recess 42 and both ends are supported by the rotor 13
- the pin 43 inserted into the long hole may be used as the projection 43.
- FIG. 6 and 7 show a second example of the moving member 41.
- FIG. 6 and 7 show a second example of the moving member 41.
- a convex portion 43 extending in a spiral shape around the axial center 3 is formed and engaged with the inner peripheral surface of the rotor 13.
- a recess 42 is formed.
- the moving member 41 is composed of the recess 42 and the protrusion 43.
- the recess 42 does not extend in a spiral shape, and the recess 42 and the protrusion 43 are formed on the inner surface of the recess 42. Two points are engaged so as to sandwich a part in the longitudinal direction of the projection 43.
- the engagement between the concave portion 42 and the convex portion 43 caused by the relative rotation of the rotary shaft 12 and the rotor 13 causes the rotor 13 and the stator 14 to be engaged with each other.
- the gap dimension E can be changed, and their opposing areas can be changed.
- the characteristics of the rotary electric machine 7 can be changed by the engagement of the concave portion 42 and the convex portion 43.
- the engagement structure consisting of the recess 42 and the protrusion 43 is a relatively simple structure. Therefore, the characteristics of the rotary electric machine 7 can be changed by a simple configuration.
- both the recess 42 and the protrusion 43 in the moving member 41 are helical as in the helical gear set 34, it is preferable that only one of them is helical. In comparison, a larger torque can be transmitted. Therefore, the rotor 13 can be moved more smoothly and reliably in the axial direction.
- the present invention is useful for a rotating electrical machine and an electrically powered vehicle equipped with the rotating electrical machine.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04745502A EP1653595A4 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2004-06-02 | ENGINE-GENERATOR AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE COMPRISING THIS ENGINE-GENERATOR |
JP2005511786A JPWO2005008865A1 (ja) | 2003-07-18 | 2004-06-02 | 回転電機及びこの回転電機を備えた電動車両 |
US11/335,868 US7342342B2 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2006-01-18 | Rotary electrical machine and electric vehicle having the same |
US11/971,089 US20080106162A1 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2008-01-08 | Rotary electrical machine and electric vehicle having the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003-199078 | 2003-07-18 | ||
JP2003199078 | 2003-07-18 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/335,868 Continuation US7342342B2 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2006-01-18 | Rotary electrical machine and electric vehicle having the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005008865A1 true WO2005008865A1 (ja) | 2005-01-27 |
Family
ID=34074400
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2004/007603 WO2005008865A1 (ja) | 2003-07-18 | 2004-06-02 | 回転電機及びこの回転電機を備えた電動車両 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US7342342B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1653595A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005008865A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100499322C (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI275241B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005008865A1 (ja) |
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JP4082182B2 (ja) | 2002-11-12 | 2008-04-30 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 回転電機 |
JPWO2005008865A1 (ja) * | 2003-07-18 | 2006-11-02 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | 回転電機及びこの回転電機を備えた電動車両 |
-
2004
- 2004-06-02 JP JP2005511786A patent/JPWO2005008865A1/ja active Pending
- 2004-06-02 WO PCT/JP2004/007603 patent/WO2005008865A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-06-02 EP EP04745502A patent/EP1653595A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-06-02 CN CNB2004800188689A patent/CN100499322C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-13 TW TW093120895A patent/TWI275241B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-01-18 US US11/335,868 patent/US7342342B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-01-08 US US11/971,089 patent/US20080106162A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007068389A (ja) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-03-15 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | 回転電機 |
EP1750359A3 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2013-11-13 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Straddle-type vehicle incorporating rotary electrical machine, and method for installing the rotary electrical machine |
JP2007244027A (ja) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-20 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 回転電機 |
JP2009072012A (ja) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-04-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | アキシャルギャップ型回転電機 |
JP2010206918A (ja) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | アキシャルギャップ型モータ |
JP2014050251A (ja) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-17 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 可変界磁モータ及び電動車両 |
WO2021244695A1 (de) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-09 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Elektrische radialflussmaschine und antriebsstrang |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2005008865A1 (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
EP1653595A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
CN1816959A (zh) | 2006-08-09 |
EP1653595A4 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
US20080106162A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
CN100499322C (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
US20060181172A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
TWI275241B (en) | 2007-03-01 |
US7342342B2 (en) | 2008-03-11 |
TW200522499A (en) | 2005-07-01 |
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