WO2004106687A1 - 開閉体の駆動装置 - Google Patents
開閉体の駆動装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004106687A1 WO2004106687A1 PCT/JP2004/007172 JP2004007172W WO2004106687A1 WO 2004106687 A1 WO2004106687 A1 WO 2004106687A1 JP 2004007172 W JP2004007172 W JP 2004007172W WO 2004106687 A1 WO2004106687 A1 WO 2004106687A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drive
- motor
- drum
- driving
- opening
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J5/00—Doors
- B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
- B60J5/06—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides slidable; foldable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
- E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
- E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
- E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
- E05F15/643—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings operated by flexible elongated pulling elements, e.g. belts, chains or cables
- E05F15/646—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings operated by flexible elongated pulling elements, e.g. belts, chains or cables allowing or involving a secondary movement of the wing, e.g. rotational or transversal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/214—Disengaging means
- E05Y2201/216—Clutches
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/23—Actuation thereof
- E05Y2201/246—Actuation thereof by auxiliary motors, magnets, springs or weights
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/43—Motors
- E05Y2201/434—Electromotors; Details thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/46—Magnets
- E05Y2201/462—Electromagnets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
- E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
- E05Y2201/71—Toothed gearing
- E05Y2201/726—Ring gears; Internal gears
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2600/00—Mounting or coupling arrangements for elements provided for in this subclass
- E05Y2600/40—Mounting location; Visibility of the elements
- E05Y2600/41—Concealed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2600/00—Mounting or coupling arrangements for elements provided for in this subclass
- E05Y2600/40—Mounting location; Visibility of the elements
- E05Y2600/46—Mounting location; Visibility of the elements in or on the wing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/53—Type of wing
- E05Y2900/531—Doors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drive device for opening and closing an opening / closing body provided on a vehicle or the like so as to be openable and closable.
- this type of drive device is used for a device that opens and closes a slide door of a vehicle, and slides a door mounted on an entrance formed in a body of the vehicle.
- a driving device transmits an electric driving source such as a motor for generating a driving force acting on the sliding door to the sliding door in a connected state, and transmits an electric driving force to the sliding door in a disconnected state.
- a power source is provided with a clutch mechanism for interrupting transmission of driving force to the sliding door, and a cable interposed between the electric driving source and the sliding door to transmit power.
- the clutch mechanism When the sliding door is slid by the driving force of the electric driving source, the clutch mechanism is brought into a connected state (the clutch mechanism is turned on) to apply the driving force of the electric driving source to the sliding door. (The clutch mechanism of the opening / closing drive).
- the clutch mechanism of the opening / closing drive When the occupant performs the sliding operation by directly operating the sliding door manually, the clutch mechanism is disengaged (clutch mechanism is turned off), and the electric drive source power in the stopped state is set.
- the clutch mechanism of the opening / closing drive device In order to be able to open and close the slide door with a small amount of operating force, the clutch mechanism of the opening / closing drive device.
- the clutch mechanism is configured to apply a braking force to the slide door as a brake mechanism when the slide speed of the slide door exceeds a predetermined value when the slide door is manually slid. It operates to prevent the occupant from sliding at an unexpected speed due to the weight of the sliding door when the vehicle is parked and stopped on a slope and the sliding operation is performed. In other words, it is a device that controls the sliding operation speed of the sliding door. As a document in which such a technique is disclosed, for example, there is Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-327576.
- a driving drum for winding or sending out a cable is provided, and the driving drum is provided.
- the clutch mechanism and the worm wheel gear are arranged on a rotating shaft integrally formed with the ram, and a driving force from an electric drive source is input to the worm wheel gear by a worm.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a configuration capable of realizing a small opening / closing body driving device.
- technical measures taken in the present invention include a driving drum rotatably supported, a transmission member for transmitting rotation of the driving drum to an opening / closing body, and a driving member.
- a clutch mechanism for interrupting transmission of driving force from the motor to the drive drum during operation, and the reduction mechanism and the clutch mechanism are arranged on a drive shaft driven by the motor.
- the speed reduction mechanism, the clutch mechanism, and the motor are arranged radially inward of the drive drum.
- the reduction mechanism and the clutch mechanism disposed on the single drive shaft and radially inward of the drive drum transmit the driving force to the opening / closing body side or act on the load from the opening / closing body side. Acts to control the degree.
- the speed reduction mechanism is provided on an internal gear formed on an inner periphery of the drive drum, and on the drive shaft so as to mesh with the internal gear. And an external gear that is rotatable on an eccentric shaft.
- the clutch mechanism is configured such that the fixedly supported solenoid device and the rotation of the solenoid device are restricted when the solenoid device is operated, and the rotation is allowed when the solenoid device is not operated.
- a rotating disk, and the rotating disk and the external gear are engaged with each other.
- the sliding door 1 of the vehicle has the same configuration as that of the known vehicle, and is mounted so as to open and close to an entrance 11 formed in a side body 10 of the vehicle.
- the side body 10 is provided with a center guide rail 12 and a pair of upper and lower upper and lower guide rails 13 and 14 which are long in the front-rear direction (the left-right direction shown in FIG. 1) and are substantially parallel to each other.
- the slide door 1 is configured to be slidably supported along each of the guide rails 12, 13, and 14 and to maintain its posture.
- the opening / closing device 3 serving as an operating mechanism of the sliding door 1 has a driving device 4 mounted inside the sliding door 1.
- the drive device 4 is provided with a cable 31 extending from the two wires 31a and 31b for operating the slide door 1 by being wound or fed.
- this cable 31 corresponds to the transmission member of the present invention.
- a pulley mechanism 32 having a pair of pulleys 32a and 32b is arranged to link the slide door 1 and the center guide rail 12. One end of each of the wires 31a and 31b is locked and wound around a driving drum 51 (see FIG. 3) of the driving device 4 which will be described later.
- the other end of the wire 31a is guided by the pulley mechanism 32 and routed in the center guide rail 12, and is locked to the side body 10 near the front end of the center guide rail 12 in the vehicle longitudinal direction. I have.
- the other end of the wire 3 lb is guided by the pulley mechanism 32 and routed in the center guide rail 12, and is locked to the rear end of the center guide rail 12 in the vehicle longitudinal direction.
- the driving device 4 includes a base 45 fixedly mounted in the sliding door 1, and a base 45.
- the housing 44 is fixed to the housing 44.
- the housing 44 has a bottom part 44a and a cylindrical part 44b.
- the drive drum 51 is rotatably supported by the housing 44 via a bearing 52 that slides on the inner surface of the cylindrical portion 44b.
- a spiral groove 51a is formed on the outer periphery of the drive drum 51, and wires 3la and 31b are wound around the groove 51a.
- the drive drum 51 rotates in the direction of the arrow, one of the rollers 31a and 31b is wound up and the other is sent out.
- the drive drum 51 is reversed in the other direction, the winding and sending directions of the wires 31a and 31b are reversed. As a result, the rotational force of the drive drum 51 is transmitted to the S slide door 1, and the slide door 1 slides.
- the motor 6 is disposed radially inward of the cylindrical portion 44b of the housing 44.
- the motor 6 includes a cylindrical motor housing 64 fixed to the base 45 together with the housing 44 inside the housing 44.
- the motor housing 64 has a bottom portion 64b with respect to the cylindrical portion 64a, and a hole is provided in the center of the bottom portion 64b.
- One end of the drive shaft 7 of the motor 6 is supported via a ball bearing inserted into this hole.
- Most of the cylindrical portion 64a of the motor housing 64 is housed in a space provided inside the drive drum 51 in the radial direction.
- the drive shaft 7 has a configuration in which a shaft portion 71 and a support portion 72 are fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the shaft portion 71.
- the shaft center portion 71 extends into the motor housing 64 and has a knurled portion 74 having irregularities formed on the outer periphery thereof.
- the rotor 61 of the motor 6 is fixed to the knurl 74 by resin molding.
- the rotor 61 includes a core 68 made of a magnetic material, a coil 67 wound around the core 68, and a commutator 75 for supplying current to the coil 67.
- the other end of the drive shaft 7 is rotatably supported by the housing 44 via a bearing.
- the motor 6 includes a magnet 66 fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the motor housing 64.
- the reduction mechanism 8 includes an internal gear 53 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the driving drum 51, and an external gear 81 supported by the drive shaft 7 and mating with the internal gear 53.
- the external gear 81 is provided on the drive shaft 7, and is rotatably supported by an eccentric shaft portion 73 having a central axis formed eccentric with respect to the rotation axis of the drive shaft 7. Is set at least one less than the number of teeth.
- the reduction mechanism 8 may be configured by a so-called planetary gear mechanism including a sun gear, a planetary gear, and a ring gear.
- the clutch mechanism 9 includes a solenoid device 97 fixedly supported on the bottom portion 44a of the housing 44, and a turntable 92 arranged so as to face one surface of the solenoid device 97.
- the turntable 92 is rotatably supported by the drive shaft 7 and movably supported in the axial direction of the drive shaft 7. Then, when the solenoid device 97 is energized to be in an operating state, the turntable 92 is sucked by the solenoid device 97.
- the turntable 92 is eccentric with respect to the drive shaft 7 and is supported by a portion.
- the turntable 92 operates so as to be attracted to and adhere to the solenoid device 97. It has become.
- the control of the suction force is performed by, for example, a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) method, that is, changing the power supply time supplied in a short time in a pulsed manner.
- An external gear 81 is arranged opposite to a surface of the turntable 92 opposite to the surface facing the solenoid device 97.
- a plurality of pins 93 are mounted upright on the surface of the turntable 92 facing the external gear 81 so as to protrude toward the external gear 81.
- the plurality of pins 93 are inserted into a plurality of holes 82 formed in the external gear 81, respectively.
- the inner diameter of the hole 82 is set to be larger than the outer diameter of the pin 93, and the turntable 92 and the external gear 81 are orthogonal to their rotation axes by the gap generated between the hole 82 and the pin 93. It is relatively movable in the radial direction. This movable amount corresponds to the amount of eccentricity of the eccentric shaft portion 73 supporting the external gear 81 with respect to the drive shaft 7.
- the control device 2 is attached to the base 45.
- the control device 2 includes a base 20 on which elements (not shown) are mounted, and controls the drive device 4 based on a predetermined control method. Further, as an input device to the control device 2, a rotation sensor 21 mounted on the base 20 and a magnet 22 mounted on the drive drum 51 facing the rotation sensor 21 are provided. The number of rotations can be detected and input.
- the control device 2 calculates the sliding operation speed, the sliding operation direction, the current position, and the like of the sliding door 1 based on the output signal from the rotation sensor 21 and controls the operation of the driving device 4 described later. I have.
- the solenoid device 97 of the clutch mechanism 9 and the turntable 92 may be greater than the frictional force of Even with such a large load force acting on the S-slide door 1, with the above configuration, slippage occurs between the solenoid device 97 and the turntable 92, and the turntable 92 rotates, thereby causing The tooth gear 81 rotates relative to the drive shaft 7 on the eccentric shaft portion 73, and the driving force is not transmitted from the motor 6 to the slide door 1.
- the force S for preventing damage to the drive device 4 due to a large load can be obtained.
- a rotation sensor for detecting the rotation speed of the drive drum 51 is included.
- the control device 2 When it is detected from the output signal from the sensor 21 that the sliding operation speed of the sliding door 1 has become equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the control device 2 outputs a predetermined current controlled to the solenoid device 97 of the clutch mechanism 9. Power, and the solenoid device 97 and the turntable 92 are rubbed with a predetermined frictional force. Make frictional engagement.
- the clutch brake mechanism 9 enters the braking state, and a braking force opposing the sliding operation of the slide door 1 is applied.
- the sliding operation of the sliding door 1 is braked, and the sliding operation speed of the sliding door 1 is maintained at a predetermined speed or less.
- the deceleration mechanism and the clutch mechanism are arranged on the drive shaft driven by the motor, and the number of components can be reduced because the drive mechanism operates to drive the drive drum.
- the configuration is simplified. Further, by arranging the motor, the speed reduction mechanism, and the clutch mechanism on the radially inner side of the drive drum, the size of the drive device can be reduced.
- the opening / closing body driving device according to the present invention can be suitably used as a driving device for an opening / closing body such as a slide door provided in a vehicle or the like.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a state in which a drive device of the present invention is mounted on a slide door of a vehicle.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line AA in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the driving device of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line B_B in FIG. 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-153036 | 2003-05-29 | ||
JP2003153036A JP3627744B2 (ja) | 2003-05-29 | 2003-05-29 | 開閉体の駆動装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004106687A1 true WO2004106687A1 (ja) | 2004-12-09 |
Family
ID=33487278
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/007172 WO2004106687A1 (ja) | 2003-05-29 | 2004-05-26 | 開閉体の駆動装置 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP3627744B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004106687A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8322074B2 (en) | 2005-08-29 | 2012-12-04 | Mitsui Kinzoku Act Corporation | Power unit for power slide apparatus |
US8561773B2 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2013-10-22 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Drive device |
CN110847747A (zh) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-28 | 江苏万里智能遮阳门窗科技有限公司 | 一种减速箱的手自一体离合结构 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4911662B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-29 | 2012-04-04 | 三井金属アクト株式会社 | 動力スライド装置用動力ユニット |
JP5271370B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-08 | 2013-08-21 | 三井金属アクト株式会社 | 動力スライド装置の動力ユニット |
DE102023204483B3 (de) | 2023-05-12 | 2024-10-02 | Witte Automotive Gmbh | Antriebsvorrichtung für eine bewegliche Komponente, insbesondere ein Fahrzeugelement |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0342395B2 (ja) * | 1984-04-26 | 1991-06-27 | ||
JPH05231449A (ja) * | 1992-02-19 | 1993-09-07 | Toso Co Ltd | カーテン開閉用プーリ一体型両方向クラッチ |
JP2002327576A (ja) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-11-15 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 車両用ドア開閉駆動装置 |
-
2003
- 2003-05-29 JP JP2003153036A patent/JP3627744B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-05-26 WO PCT/JP2004/007172 patent/WO2004106687A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0342395B2 (ja) * | 1984-04-26 | 1991-06-27 | ||
JPH05231449A (ja) * | 1992-02-19 | 1993-09-07 | Toso Co Ltd | カーテン開閉用プーリ一体型両方向クラッチ |
JP2002327576A (ja) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-11-15 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 車両用ドア開閉駆動装置 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8561773B2 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2013-10-22 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Drive device |
US8322074B2 (en) | 2005-08-29 | 2012-12-04 | Mitsui Kinzoku Act Corporation | Power unit for power slide apparatus |
CN110847747A (zh) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-28 | 江苏万里智能遮阳门窗科技有限公司 | 一种减速箱的手自一体离合结构 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3627744B2 (ja) | 2005-03-09 |
JP2004353331A (ja) | 2004-12-16 |
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