WO2004109787A1 - ウエーハの研磨方法 - Google Patents
ウエーハの研磨方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004109787A1 WO2004109787A1 PCT/JP2004/007188 JP2004007188W WO2004109787A1 WO 2004109787 A1 WO2004109787 A1 WO 2004109787A1 JP 2004007188 W JP2004007188 W JP 2004007188W WO 2004109787 A1 WO2004109787 A1 WO 2004109787A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polishing
- wafer
- polishing pad
- hardness
- pad
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/04—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polishing method for a wafer that can obtain a wafer with high flatness.
- a method for producing silicon wafers used as a semiconductor substrate material generally produces a single crystal ingot using a Czochralski (CZ) method, a floating zone (FZ) method, or the like.
- CZ Czochralski
- FZ floating zone
- a single crystal ingot is sliced, and at least one principal surface is processed into a mirror surface, ie, an aa processing step.
- the ⁇ processing step includes a slicing step of obtaining a thin disk-shaped ⁇ wafer by slicing a single crystal ingot, and a step of preventing cracking and chipping of the ⁇ wafer obtained by the slicing step.
- the above e-wafer processing step shows the main steps, and other steps such as a heat treatment step are added, the same step is performed in multiple stages, and the order of the steps is changed.
- the mirror polishing method for silicon wafers is a double-sided polishing method in which both sides are simultaneously mirror-finished like a wrapping cartridge, or a sheet-like method in which a single wafer is polished by vacuum suction and held on a plate.
- polishing methods such as a wax-free polishing method in which polishing is carried out while using a backing pad and a template without using an adhesive such as wax.
- the mainstream is a wax mount batch type single-side polishing apparatus in which a plurality of wafers are attached to a glass or ceramic plate with wax to polish one side.
- the plate holding the wafer is placed on a surface plate on which a polishing pad is stuck, a load is applied to the upper top ring, and polishing is performed while rotating the surface plate and the top ring.
- a combination of various types of polishing apparatuses is used, such as using a double-sided simultaneous polishing apparatus for the first primary polishing and a single-side polishing apparatus for the secondary polishing and finish polishing. Polishing is performed.
- Non-woven fabric type polishing pad As a polishing pad used for such polishing, a nonwoven fabric type polishing pad / a suede type polishing pad is generally used.
- Non-woven polishing pad is made of polyester felt (textured with random structure) impregnated with polyurethane, is porous, has moderate elasticity, has high polishing rate and excellent flatness, and can be processed with less sag. You can do it.
- This nonwoven fabric type polishing pad is widely used for the primary polishing of silicon substrates.
- a suede type polishing pad is obtained by growing a foamed layer in polyurethane on a base material made of polyester felt impregnated with polyurethane, removing the surface portion, and providing an opening in the foamed layer (this layer is referred to as a nap layer). ), which is used especially for finish polishing, and the polishing agent proceeds in a state where the abrasive held in the foam layer acts between the workpiece and the inner surface of the foam layer.
- This suede type polishing pad is frequently used for chemical mechanical polishing, and a surface without damage is obtained.
- polishing pads such as urethane foam sheets.
- a polishing pad of a nonwoven fabric type or the like is prepared by impregnating a polyester felt with a resin such as polyurethane and hardening the same, and using a roll-shaped grinding stone or sandpaper with diamond abrasive grains on the surface. It is used to grind (called buffing) to produce a polishing pad with any desired characteristics.
- the hardness and compressibility of the polishing pad are controlled by the resin material, the impregnation amount and the surface buffing conditions.
- polishing pads with an ASKER C hardness of 50 or more are used.
- Ascar C hardness is a value measured by an ASKAR rubber hardness tester Model C, which is a kind of spring hardness tester, and is a value according to SRIS (Japanese Rubber Association Standard) 0101.
- a high-hardness polishing pad has been used in a double-side polishing apparatus.
- a hard polishing pad generally has poor porosity, and is likely to be easily clogged. It is difficult to handle. Therefore, recently, a polishing pad or the like has been developed in which the hardness of the resin to be impregnated is set to be a hard resin and the resin is hardened while being porous.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides an abrasion method for an aerial wafer capable of eliminating the above-described protruding portion on the outer peripheral portion of the aerial wafer and obtaining an aerial wafer with high flatness. Aim.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, the roughness of the polishing pad is particularly affected in order to eliminate the abnormal shape of the outer periphery of the wafer and obtain a wafer with high flatness. And completed the present invention.
- a first aspect of the method for polishing a wafer according to the present invention is a polishing method in which the main surface of the wafer is brought into sliding contact with a polishing pad in which a non-woven fabric is impregnated with a resin, and the mirror surface is polished. It is characterized in that the roughness Ra is 3.0 ⁇ m 5.0 ⁇ m.
- polishing cloths generally have a rough surface because the polishing cloth is relatively soft, and Ra is generally 10 zm or more.
- the polishing cloth surface has poor porosity or the resin itself impregnated into the nonwoven fabric has a small thickness.
- the surface roughness Ra was only about 2 ⁇ m unless buffing was particularly aggressive. Until now, it has not been considered that the surface roughness of the nonwoven fabric affects the flatness. Using a polishing cloth with a roughness of.
- a second aspect of the polishing method according to the present invention is a polishing method in which the main surface of the wafer is brought into sliding contact with a polishing pad in which a non-woven fabric is impregnated with a resin, and the mirror surface is polished.
- the ratio (Ra / hardness) of the Ra (xm unit) to the hardness (Ascar C hardness) is 0.032-0.058.
- the hardness of the polishing pad used at this time is preferably 87-93 in Asker C hardness. If the polishing pad is softer than this, the surface roughness becomes 10 / m or more due to the buffing and an abnormal protruding shape is generated.However, the outer peripheral sagging may easily occur, and the flatness is not sufficient. Re, sometimes. Conventionally, when diamond dress and sandpaper were used and the buffering (dressing) was performed, the flatness deteriorated. This is the case where a relatively soft polishing pad is used. If it is, a wafer with high flatness can be polished.
- the polishing method for mirror polishing uses a method in which the polishing pad is attached while holding the wafer in a wafer holding hole formed in the carrier plate and supplying slurry.
- the polishing pad is attached while holding the wafer in a wafer holding hole formed in the carrier plate and supplying slurry.
- a double-side polishing device for simultaneously polishing both the front and back surfaces of the above-mentioned A-8.
- polishing the wafer use a polishing pad having the above surface roughness Ra and hardness. And good les. This is because an abnormality in the outer peripheral portion of the wafer is likely to occur particularly in such a type of polishing apparatus.
- the polishing pad a polishing pad in which a nonwoven fabric is impregnated with a resin is used.
- the density is 0.39 ⁇ 0.03 g / cm 3
- the hardness is 90 ⁇ 3 (Ascar C hardness)
- the compressibility is 2.3 ⁇ 1.0 %
- a polishing pad having characteristics such that the compressive modulus is 60 ⁇ 15% enables polishing to a wafer with high flatness.
- the use of the polishing pad can prevent an abnormal shape on the outer periphery, and in particular, a high flatness of 0.13 zm or less in SFQRmax excluding 2 mm. (4) It is possible to stably achieve the production of A8.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a double-side polishing apparatus used when carrying out the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory plan view showing an example of a carrier plate in the double-side polishing apparatus of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a table showing polishing results (SFQRmax and bird's-eye view of a wafer shape) in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing showing an example of a polishing result of a wafer using a conventional polishing pad, wherein (a) is a bird's-eye view of the wafer and (b) is a graph showing the roughness of the wafer surface.
- 10 double-side polishing machine
- 12 upper surface plate
- 13 slurry supply means
- 13a slurry supply hole
- 14 lower surface plate
- 16 upper cylinder rod
- 17 housing
- 18, 24 polishing pad
- 20 Lower cylinder rod
- 22 Thrust bearing
- 26 Carrier plate
- 28 Ea holding hole
- 30 Carrier holder
- 32 Bearing
- 34 Eccentric arm
- 36 Rotating shaft
- 38 Timing chain
- H Inflection Points
- R outer protrusion
- W wafer.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a double-side polishing apparatus used when carrying out the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of a carrier plate in the double-side polishing apparatus of FIG. FIG.
- reference numeral 10 denotes a double-side polishing apparatus, which includes an upper surface plate 12 and a lower surface plate 14 provided so as to face each other.
- the upper surface plate 12 includes an upper cylinder rod 16 for applying a rotation and a polishing load, a housing 17 for transmitting the load to the upper surface plate 12, and the like.
- a polishing pad 18 is attached to a lower portion of the upper stool 12.
- cooling means (not shown) for controlling the temperature of the upper stool 12 and a slurry supply means 13 for supplying a slurry are provided in the upper stool 12.
- the lower platen 14 is constituted by a lower cylinder rod 20 connected to a motor for giving rotation and a reduction gear (not shown), a thrust bearing 22 for supporting the load of the lower platen 14, and the like.
- a polishing pad 24 is attached to the upper part of the lower platen 14.
- cooling means (not shown) for controlling the temperature of the lower stool 14 is provided in the lower stool 14.
- Reference numeral 26 denotes a carrier plate provided between the upper stool 12 and the lower stool 14.
- a wafer W is rotatably inserted and held in a wafer holding hole 28 of the carrier plate 26.
- the wafer W held in the wafer holding hole 28 is sandwiched between the upper surface plate 12 and the lower surface plate 14 in an upward / downward direction and rotates the upper surface plate 12 and the lower surface plate 14 relative to the wafer W. As a result, the wafer surface is polished.
- Reference numeral 30 denotes an annular carrier holder for supporting the carrier plate 26 with external force.
- the carrier plate 26 is formed, for example, as a disk-shaped plate having five wafer holding holes 28 as shown in FIG.
- the material and the like of the carrier plate 26 are not particularly limited, but those made of glass epoxy, for example, are used.
- the carrier plate 26 is configured so that the carrier plate 26 itself swings by a circular motion mechanism.
- an annular carrier holder 30 for holding the carrier plate 26 from outside is provided.
- a plurality of bearing portions 32 projecting outward are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the carrier holder 30.
- a small-diameter disk-shaped eccentric arm 34 is attached to each bearing portion 32.
- a rotating shaft 36 is vertically provided at the center of each lower surface of the eccentric arm 34.
- Sprockets (not shown) are fixed to the tips protruding below the rotating shafts 36, respectively. I have.
- a timing chain 38 is stretched over each sprocket in a horizontal state. The sprocket and the timing chain 38 constitute a synchronizing means for simultaneously rotating the rotating shaft 36 so as to perform a circular motion in synchronization with the eccentric arm 34.
- the carrier plate 26 turns while maintaining a state of being eccentric by a predetermined distance from the axis of the upper stool 12 and the lower stool 14. This predetermined distance is the same as the distance between the eccentric arm 34 and the rotating shaft 36. Due to this circular motion, all points on the carrier plate 26 follow the locus of a small circle of the same size.
- the polishing pad used in the polishing method of the present invention will be described in more detail.
- a polishing pad in which a nonwoven fabric is impregnated with a resin is mainly used.
- a polishing pad with a density of 0.39 soil 0.03 g m 3 , a compressibility of 2.3 ⁇ 1.0%, and a compressive modulus of 60 ⁇ 15% is used, a wafer with high flatness can be polished.
- the polishing pad used in the present invention needs to be manufactured while paying particular attention to the surface roughness.
- a method of manufacturing the polishing pad as described above for example, a polyester felt is impregnated with a high-hardness polyurethane using a non-woven type polishing pad, the amount of the polyurethane impregnated is adjusted, and the hardness and porosity of the polishing pad are adjusted. Then, the surface roughness may be adjusted by puffing the surface of the polishing pad with a grindstone or a sand vapor so that the surface roughness becomes an arbitrary value.
- Both sides of the wafer are polished by a double-sided simultaneous polishing apparatus to which such a polishing pad is attached.
- the upper platen 12 is rotated in a horizontal plane by an upper rotation motor via a rotation shaft (cylinder rod 16) extending upward.
- the upper platen 12 is vertically moved up and down by an elevating device that moves back and forth in the axial direction.
- This elevating device is used when supplying and discharging the silicon wafer W to and from the carrier plate 26.
- the upper surface plate 12 and the lower surface plate 14 are pressed against both front and back surfaces of the silicon wafer W by a pressurizing method via a fluid or the like. It is mainly pressurized by the housing part arranged on the upper surface plate 12.
- the lower platen 14 is rotated in a horizontal plane by a lower rotation motor via its output shaft (cylinder rod 20).
- the carrier plate 26 makes a circular motion in a plane (horizontal plane) parallel to the surface of the carrier plate 26 by a carrier plate circular motion mechanism so that the carrier plate 26 itself does not rotate.
- slurry supply means 13 for example, a plurality of slurry supply holes 13a formed in the upper platen 12 are arranged in an annular area of a predetermined width where the silicon wafer W always exists. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ The slurry is always supplied to the back surface even if the wafer W swings.
- the type of slurry used is not limited.
- an alkaline solution of pH 911 containing colloidal silica can be employed.
- the amount of slurry supplied varies depending on the size of the carrier plate and is not limited, but is usually 2.0-6.0 liters / minute.
- the rotation speeds of the upper stool 12 and the lower stool 14 are not limited. Each rotation direction is not limited.
- the pressing force of the upper stool 12 and the lower stool 14 against the wafer A is not limited, but is usually 100 to 300 g / cm 2 .
- the polishing amount and polishing rate of both sides of the wafer are not limited. Further, the polishing apparatus to which the method of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited to the above-described embodiment.
- each wafer holding hole 28 (five wafer holding holes) For example, five silicon wafers with a diameter of 300 mm (five per batch) are inserted into each of the carrier plates with holes for rotation. Each wafer W is pressed and polished with an arbitrary load as described above by the upper and lower stools 12, 14 to which the polishing pads 18, 24 are attached.
- the timing chain 38 is rotated by the circular motion motor while the slurry is supplied from the upper surface plate 12 while the polishing pads 18 and 24 are pressed against the front and back surfaces of the wafer W while the polishing pads 18 and 24 are pressed against both surfaces.
- each eccentric arm 34 rotates synchronously in the horizontal plane, and the carrier holder 30 and the carrier plate 26 which are collectively connected to each eccentric arm 34 force a circular motion without rotation in a horizontal plane parallel to the plate surface. (Circular motion about 10cm in diameter).
- each silicon wafer W is polished on both front and back surfaces of each wafer W while rotating in a horizontal plane in the corresponding wafer holding hole 28.
- a silicon wafer having a diameter of 300 mm was polished under the above-described polishing conditions (pressing force on the wafer: 250 g / cm 2 ), and the surface roughness of the polishing pad and the outer periphery of the wafer were polished.
- As the slurry a slurry in which abrasive grains made of colloidal silica having an average particle size of 0.035 xm were dispersed in an alkaline solution having a pH of 11 was used.
- the surface of this polishing pad was dressed (buffed) with diamond dress consisting of # 80, # 120, and # 240 sandpaper.
- the compressibility of the polishing pad was measured by a method according to JIS L-1096. Specifically, using a compression elasticity tester, read the thickness T1 of the polishing pad one minute after applying the initial load W0 to the polishing pad, and at the same time increase the load to W1, and after one minute, Polishing pad Read the pad thickness T2. Then, the compression ratio (%) was calculated by ⁇ ( ⁇ 1- ⁇ 2) / ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 100.
- W0 was evaluated at 50 g / cm 2 and W1 was evaluated at 300 g / cm 2 .
- the surface roughness was measured by measuring the surface of the polishing pad with a stylus-type roughness tester under the measurement conditions (800 zm, measurement length 7.5 mm, measurement speed lmmZs, cutoff 0.8 mm, Ra Value).
- the flatness of the polished wafer was measured using a flatness measuring device, and the flatness (SFQRmax) was measured under the conditions excluding 2 mm around the periphery.
- the SFQR is a value that indicates the maximum value of the unevenness on the surface by calculating an average plane based on the surface with respect to the flatness for each site (usually a 26 mm x 33 mm square area).
- the plane inside the site calculated by the least squares method is used as the reference plane, and the sum of the absolute value of the maximum displacement on each of the + side and one side from this plane is the value evaluated for each site, and SFQRmax Is the maximum value among SFQRs of all sites on the eAha.
- Ra was about 3-5 / im (Ascar C hardness 87-93).
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above embodiments are merely examples, and those having substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and having the same function and effect are those that can be achieved. Even so, they are included in the technical scope of the present invention.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2003-163987 | 2003-06-09 | ||
JP2003163987A JP2005005315A (ja) | 2003-06-09 | 2003-06-09 | ウエーハの研磨方法 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
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JP4736514B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-21 | 2011-07-27 | 東レ株式会社 | 研磨布 |
JP2006319045A (ja) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-24 | Nitta Haas Inc | 研磨布 |
JP4881590B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-27 | 2012-02-22 | ニッタ・ハース株式会社 | 研磨布 |
JP4612600B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-15 | 2011-01-12 | Hoya株式会社 | 磁気ディスク用ガラス基板の製造方法および磁気ディスクの製造方法 |
JP5479390B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-07 | 2014-04-23 | 信越半導体株式会社 | シリコンウェーハの製造方法 |
JP2014101518A (ja) * | 2014-01-06 | 2014-06-05 | Fujimi Inc | 研磨用組成物、研磨方法、及び研磨パッドの弾力性低下抑制方法 |
SG10201912463RA (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2020-02-27 | Hoya Corp | Method for manufacturing magnetic-disk substrate and method for manufacturing magnetic disk |
JP7295624B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2023-06-21 | 富士紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 研磨パッド及びその製造方法、並びに研磨加工品の製造方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2001078125A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-12 | 2001-10-18 | Shin-Etsu Handotai Co.,Ltd. | Procede de production de tranches de semi-conducteur et tranches ainsi obtenues |
JP2002075932A (ja) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-15 | Toray Ind Inc | 研磨パッドおよび研磨装置ならびに研磨方法 |
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- 2003-06-09 JP JP2003163987A patent/JP2005005315A/ja active Pending
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- 2004-05-26 WO PCT/JP2004/007188 patent/WO2004109787A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2001078125A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-12 | 2001-10-18 | Shin-Etsu Handotai Co.,Ltd. | Procede de production de tranches de semi-conducteur et tranches ainsi obtenues |
JP2002075932A (ja) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-15 | Toray Ind Inc | 研磨パッドおよび研磨装置ならびに研磨方法 |
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