WO2004079443A1 - エレクトロデポジション型表示パネルの製造方法、並びにエレクトロデポジション型表示パネルおよびエレクトロデポジション型表示装置 - Google Patents
エレクトロデポジション型表示パネルの製造方法、並びにエレクトロデポジション型表示パネルおよびエレクトロデポジション型表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004079443A1 WO2004079443A1 PCT/JP2004/002299 JP2004002299W WO2004079443A1 WO 2004079443 A1 WO2004079443 A1 WO 2004079443A1 JP 2004002299 W JP2004002299 W JP 2004002299W WO 2004079443 A1 WO2004079443 A1 WO 2004079443A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1506—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect caused by electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1341—Filling or closing of cells
Definitions
- the present invention provides a display utilizing electrochemical deposition and dissolution of metal, and manufactures an electrodeposition type display panel in which a display material containing metal ions is sandwiched between a pair of electrode substrates.
- the present invention relates to a method, and an electrodeposition type display panel and a display device manufactured using the method. Background art
- a paper-like display or electronic paper is being developed.
- a display material is sandwiched between two electrode substrates, and a display is selectively performed depending on whether or not an electric field is applied to the display material.
- an electrophoresis method in which colored particles are moved between electrodes, and a method in which dichroic particles are rotated in an electric field to produce a selected color are well known.
- light is absorbed in the gap between the particles. Therefore, there is a drawback that the contrast is low and a practical writing speed (within 1 second) cannot be obtained unless the driving voltage is set to 100 V or more.
- ECD Elect-Mouth Chromic Display
- the EDD display panel is basically a cell that has an internal configuration as shown in Fig. 23.
- a transparent substrate 101 and a rear substrate 102 are arranged to face each other, and a transparent electrode 103 and a counter electrode (common electrode) 104 are formed on the respective opposing surfaces.
- a gel electrolyte layer 105 containing metal ions such as silver ions is sandwiched between the transparent substrate 101 and the rear substrate 102 as a display material.
- the display panel of the EDD is manufactured by a method in which an electrode substrate is opposed to form a cell outer shell, and then the inside thereof is filled with a flowable display material.
- the vacuum injection method has been used until now.
- the vacuum injection method puts an empty cell 110 with an opening 11OA on one side edge into the chamber 130, evacuates the inside, then opens the opening.
- Part 11 OA is impregnated in the display material 131, and then the chamber 130 is leaked to return the pressure around the cell 110 to atmospheric pressure.
- the display material 1311 is pushed to the surrounding atmospheric pressure, and is filled in the decompressed cell 110.
- the cell 110 is formed, for example, as follows. First, a thick adhesive film 106 is placed along the edge of the rear substrate 102 so as to leave the opening 11 OA (FIG. 25A). The adhesive film 106 has electrolytic solution resistance and is die-cut into a forehead shape leaving an opening 110A. Next, the transparent substrate 101 is further placed on the rear substrate 102 and bonded by thermocompression bonding or the like (FIG. 25B). At this time, a gap is formed between the substrates 101 and 102 due to the thickness of the adhesive film 106, into which the electrolyte is injected. When the opening 110A is sealed with a sealing member 107 after the injection of the electrolyte, the cell 110 is hermetically sealed to form a display panel (FIG. 26).
- the vacuum injection method is a universally applicable technique.
- (1) low-boiling components are volatilized and scattered because display materials such as liquid crystal materials and electrolytes are exposed to vacuum, and the composition of the components is reduced.
- Gradual displacement, or 2 Moisture, impurities or air bubbles may be pushed to the side edge opposite to the opening where the display material is injected and remain, degrading the display characteristics in the vicinity.
- openings 1 1 1A and 1 1 1B are provided at two opposite sides of an empty cell 1 1 1 and liquid crystal is injected from the opening 1 1 1 A under normal pressure.
- there is a method of filling the liquid crystal by deaeration from the opening 11B while the liquid crystal is being filled see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-234412.
- at least the portion of the empty cell 1 21 except for the opening 1 2 1 B is sealed in the pressurized tank 1 2 2, and pressure is applied thereto to open the opening.
- a method is also disclosed in which a difference is provided between the pressure P1 applied to 121A and the pressure P2 applied to the opening 1221B (P1> P2), and liquid crystal is injected from the opening 121A.
- P1> P2 the pressure P1 applied to 121A
- liquid crystal is injected from the opening 121A.
- the vacuum injection will contaminate the inside of the chamber and the pressure reducing device.
- the electrolytic solution that evaporates and adheres to the inside of the device may be dried and peeled off, and may be mixed into the undiluted solution.
- the time that the prepared electrolyte can be left at room temperature is generally short.
- the powder material sediments.
- an organic oxide is used as a polymerization initiator for the resin mixed in the electrolytic solution, the powder material deteriorates at room temperature.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide a method for manufacturing an electrodeposition type display panel capable of efficiently manufacturing a display panel in a short time and efficiently. Another object of the present invention is to provide an electro-deposition type display panel and an electro-deposition type display device.
- the method for manufacturing an electrodeposition display panel of the present invention includes the steps of: A method of manufacturing an elect-opening deposition type display panel in which a display material having at least temporarily fluidity is sandwiched between a pair of substrates having electrodes on opposing surfaces, A space formed between a pair of substrates and communicated to the outside by one or more first openings for injecting the display material and one or more second openings for discharging the display material.
- the method includes a step of filling a space portion by discharging a display material from the second opening while injecting the display material from the first opening in a state having fluidity into the cell containing the portion.
- the display material is quickly filled into the cell by not only injecting it through the first opening but also simultaneously discharging it through the second opening.
- the display material is usually a material in which metal ions, pigments, dyes, crosslinkable polymer materials for gelation, etc. are dissolved in an electrolytic solution. It has a high viscosity and has the property of being difficult to fill itself.
- the space of the deposition type display panel is usually about 30; tim to 150 im, which is much larger than the liquid crystal layer thickness (about 5 m or less) of the liquid crystal panel. Therefore, while liquid crystal panels are mainly filled with liquid crystal using the capillary phenomenon, it is preferable to fill the display material with pressure.
- This method can be suitably applied to, for example, a display material having a viscosity of 30,000 OmPas or less by a rotational viscometer with a rotor rotational speed of 0.5 rpm.
- the filling time can be shortened by appropriately discharging the display material under reduced pressure.
- the composition does not change due to volatilization. Injection can be performed in a relatively short time, even if the value becomes large.
- by discharging the display material immediately after the start of filling from the second opening air bubbles remaining in the cell and unnecessary materials such as powdered materials and electrolytes separated in the cell during the filling are pushed out together.
- the cell can be filled with a display material having a uniform composition throughout the cell.
- first and second openings are preferably formed in the substrate.
- the side edges of the electro-deposition type display panel are made of a sealing material such as an adhesive film, and an opening is provided in the conventional vacuum injection method. Difficult compared to.
- the substrate to be opened has good workability. It is more preferable to use a resin substrate such as glass epoxy.
- the nozzle is temporarily attached to at least one of the first and second openings, and then the display material is injected and discharged.
- the adjustment of the pressurization and decompression inside the cell can be performed easily and quickly.
- the injected and discharged display material does not need to touch the cell, and thereafter, the opening can be efficiently and reliably sealed.
- the nozzle by covering the outer peripheral portion of the opening with a mask, the display material can be prevented from touching the cell, and thereafter, the opening can be efficiently and reliably sealed. it can.
- An electro-deposition type display panel of the present invention and an electorifice deposit type display of the present invention are disposed opposite to each other, and are sandwiched between the pair of substrates having electrodes on opposing surfaces.
- An electrodeposition type display panel of the present invention and an electrodeposition type display device of the present invention are each provided with a display panel having a configuration that enables application of the method of manufacturing an electrodeposition type display panel of the present invention.
- Display device In other words, the layer made of the display material comes to have a uniform composition by pouring and discharging the display material through the opening.
- a sealing material for sealing the opening is additionally provided on the substrate.
- the internal shape of the opening matches the shape of the tip of the nozzle. In such a case, since the display material does not adhere to the periphery of the opening at the time of injection, the opening is sufficiently sealed by the sealing material.
- FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are views for explaining a method of manufacturing an electrodeposition type display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1A is a view showing a display panel to be manufactured
- FIG. 1B is a conceptual explanatory view of the manufacturing method
- FIGS. 2A to 2D are views showing positions of openings provided in a substrate of a display panel in the manufacturing method described in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are process diagrams showing a cell manufacturing process in the manufacturing method described in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are process diagrams showing a method of filling the cell shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B with a display material.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modified example of the nozzle shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modified example of the nozzle shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a modified example of the nozzle shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams (process diagrams) showing a modification example of the filling method described in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- 9A and 9B are diagrams (process diagrams) showing a modification of the filling method described in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the filling method described in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a modification of the filling method described in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 12 is a process drawing showing a step of sealing the opening following FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a modification of the sealing method shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a modification of the sealing method shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a modification of the sealing method shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a modification of the sealing method shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of an electro-deviation type display panel and a method of manufacturing the same according to a modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing an electrodeposition display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19A to FIG. 19C are explanatory diagrams (process diagrams) of a method for manufacturing an electrodeposition type display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing an electro-deposition type display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing an electro-deposition type display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing an electro-deposition type display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a general electro-deposition type display panel.
- FIG. 24 is an explanatory view of the vacuum injection method.
- FIG. 25A and FIG. 25B are diagrams for explaining a method of manufacturing a conventional electro-deposition type display panel.
- FIG. 26 is a plan view of a conventional electro-deposition type display panel.
- FIG. 27 is a view for explaining a conventional method of manufacturing a liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 28 is a view for explaining a conventional method of manufacturing a liquid crystal panel. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the electro-deposition type display panel to be manufactured here is a pair of substrates (transparent substrate 1, rear substrate 2. , which are abbreviated as substrates 1 and 2 when both are referred to together) and an electrolyte layer 4 sandwiched between these substrates 1 and 2 and whose periphery is sealed by a sealing material 3. is there.
- a display panel having such a structure is manufactured by filling a display material 6 constituting the electrolyte layer 4 in an empty cell. That is, as shown in FIG. 1B, openings 5A and 5B are provided in the empty cell, and while the display material 6 is injected through the opening 5A, the display material 6 is discharged from the opening 5B together with bubbles. And fill.
- the transparent substrate 1 is a substrate on the display surface side.
- a transparent glass substrate such as a quartz glass plate or a white glass plate can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- Esters such as ethylene naphthalate and polyethylene terephthalate; cellulose esters such as polyamide, polycarbonate and cellulose acetate; polyvinylidene fluoride; and fluorine polymers such as tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
- a substrate made of polyether such as oxymethylene, polyacetylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polypentene such as methylpentene polymer, or polyimide such as polyimide-amide-polyetherimide can also be used.
- polyether such as oxymethylene, polyacetylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polypentene such as methylpentene polymer, or polyimide such as polyimide-amide-polyetherimide
- the one surface of the transparent substrate 1, for example, IT o thin, S N_ ⁇ 2 or transparent electrode made of I n 2 0 3 coated film or the like is formed on the stripe-shaped.
- the rear substrate 2 provided on the rear side is not necessarily required to be transparent, as long as it can reliably hold the electrodes.
- a glass substrate such as a quartz glass plate and a white plate glass plate, a synthetic resin substrate, a ceramic substrate, a coated paper substrate, a wood substrate, and a pre-preda can be used.
- electrodes made of a conductive material such as a metal are formed in a stripe shape.
- This electro-deposition type display panel uses silver precipitation and dissolution to perform display. If a metal such as silver, platinum, or gold, whose ionization tendency is lower than silver, is used for this electrode, the electrode reaction can be prevented. Wear due to repetition of can be suppressed.
- This display panel adopts a matrix driving method, and when a voltage is applied to each one of the two electrodes, display is selectively performed only in one pixel region which is an intersection region thereof. That is, in the region of the selected pixel, metal deposition or dissolution occurs between the electrolyte layer 4 and the electrode of the transparent substrate 1.
- the electrolyte layer 4 is formed by gelling the display material 6 or by impregnating the display material 6 in a gap of a support member such as a nonwoven fabric or a peas interposed between the substrates 1 and 2c ,
- the display material 6 is an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte, metal ions, and other additives are dissolved in a solvent. Therefore, display material 6 is a highly viscous fluid when filled. However, for example, when the pigment dispersant is not used, the viscosity is about 22,00 OMPa's, but after filling, if gelled to maintain the shape of the electrolyte layer 4, the fluidity is lost.
- the solvent may be any one that dissolves the electrolyte, such as water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, X-ethylene carbonate, carboxylactone, acetonitrile, sulfolane, dimethoxyethane, and ethyl alcohol.
- Isopropyl alcohol, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, n-methylpyrrolidone, a mixture thereof and the like can be used.
- electrolyte in addition to a metal salt that functions as a coloring material for display, a quaternary ammonium halide (F, Cl, Br, I) or an alkali metal halide (L i Cl, LiBr, LiI, NaC1, NaBr, Nal, etc.), alkali metal cyanide, alkali metal thiocyanate, etc. Dissolve as electrolyte.
- a metal salt that functions as a coloring material for display examples include bismuth, copper, silver, lithium, iron, chromium, nickel, and cadmium. These may be used alone or Use in combination.
- any salt of these metals may be used.
- silver salts include silver nitrate, silver borofluoride, silver halide, silver perchlorate, silver cyanide, silver thiocyanide, and the like. Can be.
- a white or colored pigment is dispersed.
- a white pigment having a refractive index different from that of the display material 6 may be dispersed.
- the color of the pigment is not limited to white, and the color can be appropriately adjusted according to the required characteristics of the display. For this reason, it is preferable that one or more coloring materials are dispersed in the display material 6.
- These pigments can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more kinds. If necessary, a surface treatment can be performed with a dispersant, a resin, various coupling agents, a surfactant, or the like.
- the content of the pigment or dye is not particularly limited.
- White pigments include titanium oxide, lead titanate, potassium titanate, zirconium oxide, zinc sulfide, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, lead white, magnesium oxide, and sulphate sulfate. Pum, calcium sulfate, talc, alumina, calcium carbonate, kaolin clay, myriki, magnesium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, bentonite, calcium sulfate, calcium anhydride, basic magnesium carbonate, hydrated talcite, hydrous calcium calcite Glass, quartz glass, earth white, etc., but not limited thereto. These white pigments can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these white pigments, rutile-type titanium oxide having a large refractive index is particularly preferably used.
- a fluorescent agent or a luminous agent may be added to the white pigment to enhance the color of the pigment or to impart functions such as luminous properties. It is also possible to adjust the chromaticity by adding organic and inorganic color pigments to add color within the range that does not interfere with the display.
- coloring pigments other than white include azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, dioxazine pigments, quinacridone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, and benzimidazolone pigments for organic pigments, and titanium and antimony pigments for inorganic pigments. , Chromium, nickel, iron, zinc, cobalt, aluminum, silicon, copper, manganese, lithium, phosphorus, calcium, tin, and other complex oxides, many of which have already been manufactured and marketed.
- the dispersion is not limited to the one for coloring, but may be a powder used for flattening the surface unevenness of a support member such as a nonwoven fabric and improving contact with a substrate.
- a material such as a nonwoven fabric
- any color and refractive index of the powder material can be used.
- the amount of metal deposited by applying a voltage is also uniformed, the display unevenness is reduced, and erasing is easily performed by applying a reverse voltage.
- the dye may be adsorbed to the support member in the process of penetrating the display material 6 into the support member. In order to prevent this, it is desirable to select a combination in which the dye and the support member have low affinity with each other.
- the display material 6 may contain various additives according to the purpose. For example, compounds containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, etc., specifically, coumarin, nicotinic acid, cinnamic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidion, benzalacetone, etc., to make metal deposition uniform. You may.
- the viscosity can be adjusted by adding various resins. Has reactive functional groups
- the display material 6 can be made to gel or to have a high viscosity by adding a resin to be polymerized and irradiating with ultraviolet rays or heating to polymerize.
- those obtained by introducing an acrylic group to the terminal of a monomer or an oligomer as a raw material of a polyether-based or polyacrylonitrile-based resin are preferably used.
- An appropriate amount of a polymerization initiator can be mixed and used together with the resin raw material to effectively cause the polymerization reaction.
- polymerization initiator examples include 2-ethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propane, one-one-one, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzophenone, Michler's ketone, and chlorothioxanthone in the photopolymerization reaction.
- Isopropyl thioxanthone, benzyl dimethyl ketal, acetophenone getyl ketal, ⁇ -hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylpropane, etc.
- Xineodecanoate diisopropylperoxydica- palponate, dimethoxybutyl-baroxydicarbonate, octanoylperoxide, lauroylperoxide, stearoylperoxide, succinic peroxide Organized oxides such as benzoyl peroxide and 2,2,2-azobis (4-methoxy-1,2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), dimethyl-2,2,1-azobis (2-methylpropionate), 1 , 1,1-Azobis (cyclohexane-one-potency nitrile), 2,2, -azobis ( ⁇ -cyclohexyl-2-methylpropionamide), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyro) Azo compounds such as nitrile), 2,2'-azobis [ ⁇ — (2-probenyl) -1-2-methylpropionamide], 2,2, -azobis ((-butyl-2-methylpropionamide)
- a polymerization initiator can also
- the filling method of the display material 6 shown in FIG. 1 is to fill an empty cell with the display material 6.
- the display material 6 in a flowing state is injected through the opening 5A.
- a part of the injected display material 6 into which air bubbles are mixed or components are separated (while continuing injection) from the opening 5B at another position, and the space 4A is discharged. Is filled with a homogeneous display material 6.
- this filling step the filling is not stopped when the space 4A is filled with the display material 6, and the display material 6 is discharged so as to overflow the opening 5B. At this time, the air bubbles trapped in the display material 6 are discharged together.
- the operation of injection and discharge should be performed. Continue until the components of the display material 6 are evenly distributed in the space 4A. Thus, only the display material 6 having a uniform composition is filled in the space 4A.
- the display material 6 used here is inexpensive, and it is sufficiently possible to suppress a rise in cost by collecting and reusing the discharged display material 6.
- the display material 6 to be filled by this method may be any material as long as it passes through the opening 5A provided in the cell and spreads uniformly in the cell. For this reason, a high-viscosity display material 6 in which a pigment is dispersed at a high blending ratio or a resin or the like is blended can be used. However, if the viscosity of the display material 6 is extremely low, air bubbles may easily remain in the cell.On the other hand, if the viscosity is too high, a large pressure is required for injection, and as a result, the cell may be damaged. Go there.
- the viscosity of the display material 6 is preferably, for example, not more than 30,000 OmPas (rotational viscometer, rotor speed 0.5 rpm). It is desirable to use a coupling agent or process the surface of the powder with a resin, and inject the powder with an appropriate viscosity according to the shape and size of the cell.
- openings for injecting (opening 5A) and discharging (opening 5B) the display material 6 are provided in the cell.
- Aperture The position is not particularly limited, but if it is provided at the position of the sealing material 3 as in the related art, it is difficult to seal the structure. Therefore, it is desirable to provide the substrate 1 and 2 if possible.
- the substrate to be opened may be either substrate 1 or 2.
- one may be opened for injection and the other may be opened for discharge.
- a transparent substrate on the display surface side is used.
- a glass substrate is used, there is a possibility that it is difficult to actually drill a thin and hard substrate without penetrating the substrate, and that the opening may be troublesome. Further, if stress is generated in the opening due to the injection pressure, the opening may be broken. Therefore, it is desirable to use a relatively soft substrate such as a resin for the opening substrate.
- a glass epoxy substrate or a plastic substrate is used.
- the positions of the openings 5A and 5B are inside the sealing material 3 shown by the dotted line in FIG. Is also preferably outside. Further, the openings 5A and 5B are desirably arranged at positions symmetrical to each other in order to inject the display material 6 all over the space 4A. That is, when the openings 5A and 5B are provided diagonally one by one as shown in FIG. 2A, the openings 5A are formed at two corners of one side as shown in FIG. When an opening 5B is formed at the center of the opposite side, the opening 5A is located at two adjacent corners and the opening 5B is located at two opposite corners as shown in FIG. 2C. In each case, as shown in FIG.
- the opening 5A is formed at four corners, and the opening 5B is formed at the center of each of two opposing sides.
- the display material 6 is injected in the directions shown in the drawings, and eventually reaches the entire surface.
- openings 5A and 5B are formed in, for example, the rear substrate 2.
- the rear substrate 2 is made of glass, it can be perforated by using a drill or a laser, and when it is a glass epoxy substrate, it can be opened by a drill.
- the cutting powder can be prevented from scattering by opening the glass in water spray or running water.
- an unbroken frame shape is formed as a sealing material 3 on the opened electrode surface of the rear substrate 2. Place the peeled adhesive film.
- the transparent substrate 1 is placed with the electrode side down from above, and the back substrate 2 and the transparent substrate 1 are bonded together with the sealing material 3 interposed therebetween by thermocompression bonding. At this time, the space formed between the substrates 1 and 2
- Thickness of A is 3 ⁇ 4 example 3 0 xm ⁇ 1 5 0 xm about s
- the display material 6 is gelled after filling the space 4A.
- the distance between the substrates 1 and 2 may change and display characteristics may be deteriorated. If the sealing state is not good, there is a possibility of leakage. Furthermore, the displayed image may be distorted by the flow. Therefore, for example, a support member for supporting and fixing the shape of the electrolyte layer 4, such as a nonwoven fabric, peas, and pigment, that is, a so-called spacer may be inserted into the space 4A. This is particularly effective when at least one of the substrates 1 and 2 has high flexibility such as a film. In other words, when the substrate is likely to bend or dent by performing degassing at the same time as the injection into the space 4A, the support member sandwiched in advance supports the substrate from the inside and assists the filling. Fulfills.
- the permeation speed of the injected display material 6 between the substrates is reduced.
- the display material 6 contains a dispersion such as a pigment, the dispersion may be filtered by the support member. For this reason, it is necessary to adjust the viscosity of the display material 6 to be injected, the presence or absence of a dispersion, the dispersion concentration, and the particle size distribution according to the packing density of the support member.
- a surfactant is added to the display material 6 or the support member is surface-treated with a surfactant, the wetting is improved and the filling efficiency is improved.
- the supporting member does not have an excessively high density so as not to significantly impede the penetration of the display material 6.
- the particle size distribution is sufficiently small with respect to the display material 6 so that the dispersion is distributed as uniformly as possible when penetrating the support member. It is desirable to disperse the powder at low density.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B the cell openings 5A and 5B are respectively drawn on the back substrate 2, but this is a preferable example, and the opening positions and the opening portions 5A and 5B are shown. As described above, variations such as the number of B are possible.
- nozzles 7A and 7B are attached to the respective nozzles.
- the nozzles 7A and 7B can be integrated with the substrate and cut and removed later, it is easier to temporarily attach them only during the filling process, which simplifies the sealing process.
- One end of the nozzle 7A is integrally connected to a syringe 8 that supplies the display material 6, and the other end is inserted into an opening 5A of the rear substrate 2.
- the nozzle 7B has one end inserted into the opening 5A of the rear substrate 2 and the other end connected to a container for receiving the discharged display material 6 and a decompression device such as a vacuum pump. Has become. With such a configuration, the display material 6 can be efficiently injected and discharged into and from the space 4A without adhering to the outer surface of the cell, especially around the openings 5A and 5B.
- the sealing property of the sealing material is ensured by using the nozzles 7A and 7B and preventing the display material 6 from adhering to the cell surface. . In addition, it is unnecessary to remove the attached display material 6.
- the display material 6 is injected under pressure from the syringe 8.
- the pressurized injection can be performed, for example, by introducing an inert gas into the chamber after the pressure is reduced by a vacuum injection method.
- injection at a pressure equal to or higher than normal pressure becomes extremely easy.
- the difference between the injection pressure and the internal pressure of the space 4A, that is, the effective pressure for promoting the injection of the display material 6, can be made larger than in the case of the vacuum injection method. This means that the value can also be adjusted.
- the display material 6 is applied with only a pressure equal to or higher than the normal pressure, or the supply means of the display material 6 is separated from the opening 5A by using the nozzle 7A to display the display material.
- the material 6 can be kept out of contact with a reduced-pressure atmosphere, and a change in composition due to its volatilization can be avoided. Therefore, the uniformity of the display material 6 to be injected can be maintained even when the filling process is performed continuously on a large number of cells or when the process is performed on a large panel.
- the pressure inside the space 4A may be reduced before the pressurized injection.However, it is most convenient to pressurize alone under atmospheric pressure, and even in such a case, it is not possible to obtain a sufficient injection pressure. It is possible. In that case, no evacuation is required, and the manufacturing process is simplified, and large-scale equipment such as a champer is not required. At the same time, in a cell using a film substrate, if the pressure was reduced in a state where the supporting members were not properly provided, the substrates would stick together and it would be difficult to inject the display material, making vacuum injection difficult. In the method of the embodiment, since the injection can be performed without reducing the pressure, it is possible to apply to such a cell form.
- Electrodeposition type display panels have the characteristic that, with some exceptions such as radical absorbers, the effect of impurities on product performance is small. Therefore, clean equipment with a high degree of cleanliness, such as the production of liquid crystal panels, is not required, and the filling process can be performed in the atmosphere if necessary. In this case, unlike the case of the vacuum injection method, it is possible to give a differential pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure as the injection pressure.
- the opening 5B is used for exhausting the space 4A when the display material 6 is injected, and is used for exhausting the space 4A after the display material 6 is filled. Emissions are It is to be performed while the display material 6 is being injected, and the space 4A is always filled with the display material 6.
- the exhaust and discharge performed here may be performed using the injection pressure, or may be performed by positively reducing the pressure from the nozzle 7B.
- the depressurization evening is set appropriately. For example, if pressure reduction is started at the time when there is still a gap in the space 4A at the beginning of the injection (FIG. 4A), the differential pressure applied to the display material 6 increases, and the filling can be promoted. If this method is adopted, a large differential pressure can be efficiently generated even if the space 4A is not depressurized by evacuation or the like before pressure injection.
- the filling process which conventionally required a long time or was difficult due to the high viscosity of the display material 6, can be performed in a short time. Further, by performing the process in a short time, it is possible to suppress and avoid the temporal deterioration of the display material 6.
- a resin substrate is used for the back substrate 2 provided with the openings 5A and 5B.
- the resin substrate has the advantage that it can be easily fixed when the nozzles 7A and 7B are inserted and mounted because it is thicker than the glass substrate, in addition to being easily perforated.
- a member 9 made of rubber or the like can be attached to the base of the nozzles 7A and 7B. Is also good.
- nozzles 7A and 7B are removable, the connection with the openings 5A and 5B needs to be sealed to the extent that no liquid leakage occurs. Therefore, it is important that the concaves and convexes match each other, with the insides of the openings 5A and 5B being concave portions and the tips of the nozzles 7A and 7B being convex portions. It is also possible to increase the degree of sealing by devising the shape of these connection parts. For example, as shown in Fig. 6, nozzles 17A and 7B whose outer diameters become thinner toward the tips may be inserted and attached to the funnel-shaped openings 15A and 15B. Also, as shown in Fig.
- one set of screw parts is provided in each of the inside of the opening 25A and the tip of the nozzle 27A, and the inside of the opening 25B and the tip of the nozzle 27B. It is recommended that the nozzles 27A and 278 be screwed into the opening portions 25 and 25B. Also, in consideration of liquid leakage when removing the nozzle, as shown in Figs. 8A and 8B, a gas injection path is provided in the injection side opening 5A separately from the display material 6 injection path. A nozzle 37A having a branch pipe 7C may be attached.
- the injection and discharge of display material 6 is performed as usual as the 8 A diagram that finally stopping the infusion of display material 6 as the 8 beta diagram I, inert, such as nitrogen from the branch pipe 7 C
- inert such as nitrogen from the branch pipe 7 C
- the gas is sent so that the display material 6 is pushed out from the nozzle 3 7 ((however, the liquid level of the display material 6 pressed by the gas is adjusted so as not to generate bubbles at the position of the opening 5 A). Be careful not to be lower than the surface of rear substrate 2).
- the inert gas such as nitrogen is used in order to avoid deterioration of the electrolyte component, and any gas may be used as long as the purpose is simply to push out the display material 6.
- the nozzle may be attached to only one of the openings on the injection side and the discharge side.
- 9A and 9B show a modification in which the nozzle 7A is attached to the opening 5A, and the nozzle is not attached to the opening 5B.
- a mask 10 such as a film
- the mask 10 is preferably attached in advance to the opening position of the rear substrate 2, and the rear substrate 2 and the mask 10 are collectively perforated to form an opening 5B.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B the cell is placed with the back substrate 2 facing down, and the container 31 is arranged below the opening 5B.
- the display material 6 discharged from the opening 5B does not overflow onto the rear substrate 2 but drops into the container 31. This also prevents the display material 6 from adhering to the cell.
- the display material 6 collected in the container 31 is returned to a supply tank (not shown) connected to the nozzle 7A and used again.
- a supply tank not shown
- a jig 33 may be used to fix the cell thickness T1.
- the jig 33 is provided with a pair of support plates 34 and 35 having a flat surface, and the cells are sandwiched between the flat surfaces along the outer surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2 and, for example, swaged with a screw rod and a fastener. It has become.
- the support plates 34 and 35 need only be able to press at least the area of the space 4A where the pressure acts upon filling. Thus, by holding the cell from both sides, the cell thickness T 1 can be fixed.
- the nozzles 7 A and 7 B attached to the rear substrate 2 may be separate from the jig 33, but if they are integrated with the support plate 35, the nozzle attachment process can be simplified. It becomes.
- the support plate 35 is desirably transparent so that the openings 5A and 5B can be visually recognized, and can be integrally formed with the nozzles 7A and 7B using a transparent resin.
- the filling of the display material 6 with both sides of the cell fixed in this manner is particularly effective when a flexible substrate such as a film is used for at least one of the substrates 1 and 2, which suppresses the deformation of the substrate and reduces the cell thickness. It is extremely effective in keeping it constant.
- the substrate has a curved surface
- the substrates 41 and 42 are bent so as to have a fan-shaped cell cross section, and are respectively sandwiched between the supports 44 and 45 along the fixed surface.
- the jig 43 is prepared according to the shape of the substrate, the cell thickness can be kept constant while maintaining the cell shape.
- the nozzle is removed or the mask is peeled off to seal the opening.
- the sealing method is not particularly limited, but at least a sealing material that is resistant to the display material 6 is selected.
- the following sealing forms can be considered.
- the openings here, openings 5A and 5B
- the plug 11 is formed by molding a plastic in accordance with the shape of the opening and the thickness of the rear substrate 2.
- the filled display material 6 is sealed in the cell as the electrolyte layer 4.
- the openings 25 A and 25 B provided with internal threads are provided with plugs provided with similar threads. 2 can be screwed and sealed.
- the film 13 may be brought into close contact with the entire surface of the rear substrate 2 having the opening.
- the material of the film 13 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the material has an electrolytic solution property. Further, if it is attached to the transparent substrate 1 on the display surface side, it needs to be transparent. However, when affixing to the rear substrate 2, it is not necessary to be transparent.For example, a multilayer film in which a polyethylene-based hot melt adhesive is provided on the substrate side and an aluminum thin film is provided on the outer surface side to impart a barrier property is provided. Can be used. As a result, transmission of the display material 6 becomes extremely small, and it can be expected that an excellent sealing effect can be obtained.
- This method requires that the film 13 and the back substrate 2 be sufficiently adhered to each other, but can be applied to any shape and number of openings, and is a very simple method. In particular, it is effective for sealing a plurality of openings provided on the same substrate surface at once.
- a film 13A is disposed only on the upper surface of the openings (here, the openings 5A and 5B) and around the openings.
- the top and edge of 3 A may be adhered with an adhesive.
- the sealing material 14 is formed by cooling and solidifying after filling using a molten thermoplastic resin in addition to an adhesive, or using a thermosetting resin monomer or oligomer, and then thermosetting after filling. And can be formed.
- a method of using a photopolymerizable resin and curing it by irradiating it with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays after filling, or a method of using a moisture-curable resin and curing it in the air can also be used.
- the sealing material and the display material 6 are used to enhance the sealing ability of the sealing material, or to prevent the direct contact between the sealing material and the display material 6 and the bleeding of the display material 6 from a gap between the sealing materials.
- a small amount of a resin such as a fluorine resin or a silicon resin, an adhesive, grease, or the like may be interposed between the sealing material and the opening.
- any material such as metal, glass, and ceramic can be used in addition to resins.
- the display material 6 filled as necessary is gelled. Gelation is For example, irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays or heating can be performed.
- the electro deposition type display panel according to the present embodiment is manufactured. Therefore, the electrolyte layer 4 has a uniform composition by injecting and discharging the display material 6 through the opening.
- the back substrate 2 is provided with, for example, the above-described sealing material to seal the opening.
- the internal shape of the opening matches the shape of the tip of the nozzle.
- the display material 6 is prevented from adhering to the outer surface of the cell, the adhesion of the sealing material is prevented from lowering, and a highly reliable display panel is provided. It can be.
- the electrodeposition type display device of the present embodiment is manufactured by connecting electrodes (electrodes provided on the substrates 1 and 2) drawn from the display panel to a drive control circuit and assembling them integrally. Is done.
- a cell forming step of forming an empty cell having openings 5A and 5B through which the inside and the outside pass is provided, and the display material 6 is injected into the cell through the opening 5A.
- an electron deposition type display panel is manufactured through a filling process of filling the display material 6 into the cell by exhausting the cell and discharging the injected display material 6 through the opening 5B.
- the display material 6 is quickly filled, and the time required for panel production can be greatly reduced.
- the filling step can be performed by pressurizing the opening 5A during exposure to the atmosphere. In this case, the process can be extremely simplified.
- the exhaust in the cell and the discharge of the display material 6 are performed under reduced pressure, so that a large differential pressure is generated in the cell, and the filling process can be performed in a shorter time. .
- the deterioration of the display material 6 with time and the separation in the cell can be suppressed or avoided, and the display quality of the display panel to be manufactured can be maintained.
- this filling step a portion of the filled display material 6 into which bubbles are mixed is discharged, and a non-homogeneous portion due to separation of components is caused to flow. Therefore, the display material 6 is uniformly filled in the cell. Therefore, an electro-deposition type display panel having high display quality can be manufactured.
- the openings 5A and 5B are provided in the rear substrate 2, so that sealing can be performed easily and reliably.
- a nozzle 7A is attached to the opening 5A and a nozzle 7B is attached to the opening 5B, so that the display material 6 does not adhere to the periphery of the openings 5A and 5B. Inject 'can be drained. Therefore, the openings 5A and 5B can be reliably sealed, and a highly reliable display panel can be manufactured.
- the injection pressure of the display material 6 can be determined regardless of the external pressure around the cell. Therefore, the display material 6 is injected under pressure at an arbitrary pressure, and when the pressure is equal to or higher than the normal pressure, an injection pressure higher than that in the vacuum injection method is obtained, and the injection and discharge can be performed efficiently.
- the method of quickly filling the display material 6 having high viscosity into the space 4A has been described.However, this filling method is not limited to the case where the injection is delayed due to the large viscosity of the display material 6, However, it can be applied effectively even when injection resistance is high and injection is difficult for some reason. As an example of such a case, a case where the substrate is subjected to a surface treatment will be described below. In this modification, the same components as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be appropriately omitted.
- the electrolyte layer 4 when the electrolyte layer 4 is formed by gelling the display material 6, the electrolyte layer 4 may have a metal deposition side due to an external impact or its own expansion / contraction. If the substrate is peeled off from the transparent substrate 1, the electrode reaction cannot proceed well in the peeled portion, which may hinder display operation. In order to avoid this, it is preferable to provide a separation preventing layer 50 for preventing the electrolyte layer 4 from separating from the transparent substrate 1 between the transparent substrate 1 and the electrolyte layer 4.
- the peel prevention layer 50 is for improving the adhesion between the electrolyte layer 4 and the transparent substrate 1 and is formed by performing a surface treatment on the electrode surface side of the transparent substrate 1.
- the substrate treating agent includes a silane coupling agent, a silylating agent, a titanate coupling agent, an aluminate coupling agent, a zircoaluminum coupling agent, an unsaturated fatty acid, a fat and oil, a nonionic surfactant. , Waxes, carboxylic acid-based coupling agents, phosphoric acid-based coupling agents, etc. D
- These surface treatment agents can be used by dissolving them in a solvent as appropriate. Alternatively, it can be used after forming a bond with the substrate surface by heating and drying after coating. Therefore, in the present modification, the separation preventing layer 50 is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 1 in the space 4A of the empty cell.
- FIG. 17 The rate at which the display material 6 is injected is reduced due to the resistance generated between the display material 6 and the peel prevention layer 50. In such a case, the injection pressure may be further increased, whereby the injection efficiency can be maintained.
- Triethanolamine 67 mm o 1/1
- One-fifth of the resin solution and TA-140 (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) were mixed with the mixture to prepare an electrolyte solution.
- Titanium oxide, JR-805 (manufactured by Titanium Co., Ltd.) as a white pigment and equal in weight to the electrolyte was added to the electrolyte and dispersed with a homogenizer. This was put in a desiccator in the evening, and the pressure was reduced by an oil diffusion pump. The pressure was released when no more bubbles appeared from the pigment-dispersed electrolyte.
- a circular opening 5 A with a diameter of 4. Omm and a circular opening 5 B with a diameter of 2. Omm were drilled in the diagonal part of a glass epoxy substrate (back substrate 2) provided with silver electrodes.
- a 55 / xm-thick film-type hot-melt adhesive 3 (manufactured by Aichi Plastics Industry Co., Ltd.) punched out to a size of 70 ⁇ 90 mm 2 and a width of 5 mm was placed on the edge of the substrate.
- the opening 5A and the opening 5B were both located inside the film-type hot-melt adhesive 3 and outside the portion serving as a pixel (FIG. 3A).
- This film-type hot melt adhesive 3 doubles as a spacer between two substrates.
- a 90 ⁇ 9 Omm 2 glass substrate (transparent electrode substrate 1) with an ITO electrode was placed on top of it and thermocompressed at 140 ° C, 0.2 MPa, and 10 seconds to form a cell (No. 3 B figure).
- the display material 6 was sucked up into a polypropylene-made 10 ml syringe equipped with a nozzle, and the nozzle was inserted into the opening 5A without any gap.
- a polyethylene tube (outer diameter 2. Omm, inner diameter 1. Omm) was inserted into opening 5B without any gap.
- the display material 6 was injected into the cell by pushing the piston of the syringe.
- the display material 6 was filled into every corner of the cell, and injection was stopped when air bubbles mixed into the display material 6 were discharged from the opening 5B together with the display material 6 during the injection process.
- the cell was sandwiched between glass plates, and pressure was applied until the thickness at the center of the cell became the same as that at the edge, and the display material 6 was flowed out from the opening 5B.
- the opening 5A and the opening 5B were easily sealed with cellophane tape.
- a sheet of polypropylene coated with an epoxy adhesive (Chipagigi Co., Ltd., trade name: Araldite) was attached to the entire surface of the substrate provided with openings 5A and 5B. This was heated in an oven at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to cure the display material 6 filled in the cell and the epoxy adhesive of the sheet affixed to the substrate, followed by electrical wiring to form a display.
- a PET film 51 was attached to the entire back surface of the same glass epoxy substrate (back substrate 2) used in Example 1. Synthetic rubber-based spray paste (Sumitomo Suri was used. As in Example 1, a circular opening 5A having a diameter of 4.0 mm and a circular opening 5B having a diameter of 2.0 mm were formed in the diagonal portion of the substrate 2. A cell was assembled using the same film-type hot melt adhesive 3 and transparent electrode substrate 1 used in Example 1.
- the indicated material 6 was sucked up into a polypropylene 10 ml syringe 8 connected to a threaded nozzle, and the nozzle was screwed into the opening 5A.
- the inner sides of the opening 5A and the opening 5B are sandwiched from both sides of the cell using acryl plates with a thickness of 1 cm, with the glass epoxy board 2 connected with the syringe 8 on the lower side and the transparent electrode board 1 on the upper side.
- Fig. 18 a In this state, the piston of the syringe was pushed, and the same display material 6 used in Example 1 was injected into the cell.
- the display material 6 spread into the cell, and the display material 6 overflowing from the opening 5B was received by the beaker 52.
- the filling was stopped when the display material 6 was filled in every corner of the cell, and the air bubbles mixed into the display material 6 during the injection process were discharged from the opening 5B together with the display material 6.
- the openings 5A and 5B were fastened with polypropylene screws having the same diameter as each.
- the screws were coated with silicone grease (Toray Dow Corning Silicone). This was heated in an oven at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to cure the display material 6 filled in the cell, and electric wiring was performed to obtain a display.
- a circular opening 5A having a diameter of 4.0 mm and a circular opening 5B having a diameter of 2.0 mm were formed at diagonal portions of the same glass epoxy substrate (back substrate 2) used in Example 1. Drilled by threading. Using the same film-type hot melt adhesive 3 and the transparent electrode substrate 1 as used in Example 1, a cell was assembled.
- the indicated material 6 was sucked up into a polypropylene 10 ml syringe 8 connected to a threaded nozzle, and the nozzle was screwed into the opening 5A.
- the inside of the opening 5A and the inside of the opening 5B on both sides of the cell are sandwiched using a 1 cm thick acrylic plate, and the glass epoxy board 2 to which the syringe 8 is connected is on the lower side, and the transparent electrode board 1 is on the upper side. And fixed with clamps.
- the opening 5B was connected to a diaphragm pump through a polyethylene tube threaded at the tip with the same diameter as the opening 5B.
- Opening 5 While reducing the pressure from B, the piston of the syringe 8 connected to the opening 5A was pushed, and the same display material 6 as used in Example 1 was injected into the cell. At this time, in order to prevent a constant flow from being formed in the display material 6 in the cell, the syringe was more strongly pressurized than in the case of Example 1 so that a larger amount of the display material 6 was injected per unit time. The display material 6 was filled to every corner of the cell, and the injection was stopped when air bubbles mixed into the display material 6 were discharged from the opening 5B together with the display material 6 during the injection process.
- the opening 5A and the opening 5B were fastened with polypropylene screws having the same diameter as each.
- silicone grease Toray * Dow Corning Silicone
- Example 2 To the same mixed solution used in Example 1, 0.5% by weight of a nonionic surfactant / nonion NS-202 (manufactured by NOF Corporation) was added. One-fifth of the resin solution and TA-140 (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) were mixed with the mixture to prepare an electrolyte solution. Titanium oxide ⁇ JR-805 (manufactured by Titanium Co., Ltd.) having the same weight as the electrolyte as a white pigment was added to the electrolyte and dispersed with a homogenizer. This was put in a desiccator overnight, and the pressure was reduced by an oil diffusion pump.
- a nonionic surfactant / nonion NS-202 manufactured by NOF Corporation
- the pressure was released when no bubbles appeared from the electrolyte in which the pigment was dispersed.
- 2 wt% of the resin solution was added to the organic oxide Percactor 0 (manufactured by NOF CORPORATION), and the mixture was gently stirred to prevent bubbles from entering.
- the viscosity was measured with a rotational viscometer (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., model RE 550) and found to be 22,000 mPa ⁇ s (rotational speed: 0.5 rpm).
- a circular opening 5A having a diameter of 2.0 mm and a circular opening 5B having a diameter of 2.0 mm were drilled in the diagonal portions of the same glass epoxy substrate (back substrate 2) used in Example 1. did.
- a silane coupling agent 50 (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. ⁇ KBM-703) was applied to the electrode side of the transparent substrate 1 using a spinner (1 000 rpm ⁇ 25 seconds 1: 5000 rpm ⁇ 5 seconds) .
- a cell was assembled using the same film-type hot melt adhesive 3 as used in Example 1.
- Polyethylene tube 7 A with outer diameter of 4.0 mm and inner diameter of 3.0 mm It was connected to the opening 5A of the xy substrate 2, and the periphery of the joint was bonded with an epoxy adhesive 52 (trade name: Araldite). Similarly, a polyethylene tube of the same type was connected to the opening 5B, and the joint was bonded with an epoxy adhesive 52.
- FIG. 19A The inside of the opening 5A and the opening 5B on both sides of the cell are sandwiched between acrylic plates with a thickness of lcm, and the glass epoxy board to which the syringe is connected is on the lower side and the transparent electrode board is on the upper side And fixed with a clamp.
- the display material 6 was sucked into a polypropylene 10 m 1 syringe 8 and injected from the other end of the polyethylene tube 7 A connected to the opening 5 A. Injection is continued even after the cell is filled with the display material 6, and the display material 6 containing air bubbles mixed during the injection process is received in the beaker 52 via the polyethylene tube 7B connected to the opening 5B. Was.
- the injection was stopped when the bubbles had completely disappeared in the cell.
- the polyethylene tubes 7A and 7B adhered to the opening 5A and the opening 5B were cut at a length of about 3 cm from the glass epoxy board 2, the clamp was removed, and the cell was taken out. 9 B). This was heated in an oven at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to cure the display material 6 filled in the cell.
- the polyethylene tubes 7A and 7B that are in contact with the opening 5A and the opening 5B are removed from the glass epoxy board, and the concave portions formed in the opening 5A and the opening 5B are silicon grease 54 (Toray 'daconing' Silicone Co., Ltd.) and sealed.
- An aluminum-based PET film was coated with an epoxy-based adhesive (Araldite, manufactured by Ciba Geigy Co., Ltd.) on the aluminum surface, and was adhered to the entire surface of the glass epoxy substrate 2 to form a sealing film 13 (19C Figure) When the display material 6 was cured, electrical wiring was performed to form a display.
- Aldite manufactured by Ciba Geigy Co., Ltd.
- Example 2 In the same mixed solution used in Example 1, 2% by weight of the dispersing agent / Tikapower BC270M (manufactured by Tika) was added. One-fifth of the resin solution / TA-140 (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) was mixed with the mixture to prepare an electrolyte solution. Titanium oxide, JR-805 (manufactured by Titanium Co., Ltd.), which is the same weight as the electrolyte, was added to the electrolyte as a white pigment, and dispersed with a homogenizer. This was put in a desiccator overnight, and the pressure was reduced by an oil diffusion pump.
- Tikapower BC270M manufactured by Tika
- a silver electrode is provided on a Zeonor film substrate (manufactured by Zeon Corporation) having a thickness of 200 m to form a back substrate 2.
- a circular opening 5 A having a diameter of 4.0 mm is formed on one of the long sides of the substrate.
- a circular opening 5B having a diameter of 2.0 mm was formed in the center of the other end of the substrate (FIG. 20).
- a 55-m-thick film-type hot-melt adhesive 3 manufactured by Aichi Plastics Industry Co., Ltd.
- punched out to 70 ⁇ 90 mm 2 and 5 mm in width was placed on the substrate 2 so as to fit a part of the substrate 2.
- the opening 5A and the opening 5B were both located inside the film-type hot melt adhesive 3 and outside the portion to be a pixel.
- This film-type hot melt adhesive 3 also serves as a spacer between the two substrates.
- a glass bead 55 having a diameter of 50 m was sprayed as a spacer on a portion to be a pixel inside the film-type hot melt adhesive 3.
- the transparent substrate 1 superimposed Zeonoa film substrate 90 X 90 mm 2 provided with the I TO electrodes (thickness, 200 m of the film portion), at 140, the heat under conditions of 0. 2MP a, 10 seconds The crimp was applied to form the cell.
- An aluminum plate 56 with a thickness of 1 cm was created with the same arrangement of openings 5A and 5B as the Zeonor substrates 1 and 2 and with holes of the same diameter threaded and drilled.
- the cell was placed on top of this with the openings 5A and 5B aligned with each other, and an acrylic plate 57 with a thickness of 1 cm was placed from the opposite side and fixed with a clamp (Fig. 21).
- the opening 5B was connected to a diaphragm pump via a threaded polyethylene tube having the same diameter as the opening 5B at the end. While reducing the pressure from the opening 5B, the piston of the syringe 8 connected to the opening 5A was pushed to inject the display material 6 into the cell.
- a Zeonor film substrate (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) having a silver electrode and a thickness of 200 m is used as a back substrate 42, and one of the long sides of the substrate has a circular opening 5A having a diameter of 4.0 mm. Were drilled.
- electrodes were provided on both the rear substrate 42 and the display substrate 41 of the Zeonor film that had been subjected to a surface oxidation treatment.
- One circular opening 5B having a diameter of 2.0 mm was formed in the other end of the substrate. At this time, the opening 5A and the opening 5B were both located inside the portion where the adhesive was applied and outside the portion to be a pixel.
- a 55-m-thick film-type hot-melt adhesive (manufactured by Aichi Plastics Industry Co., Ltd.) punched out to 70 ⁇ 90 mm 2 and 5 mm in width was placed on the edge of the substrate.
- the semi-cylindrical (R l 0 0 mm, aluminum) in the inner mold 4 4 in the form of providing the ITO electrodes 9 0 X 9 0 mm 2 Ze O NOR film substrate 4 1 (the film portion A film thickness of 200 u rn) was placed thereon, and a Zeonor film substrate 42 on which a spacer was sprayed was stacked.
- the corresponding outer mold (stainless steel) was placed on top of it, and it was fixed firmly with fasteners. From above the outer mold, the hot melt adhesive at the edge of the substrate was heated with a heat gun to seal the cell. The outer mold was removed, and it was confirmed that sealing was completed.
- FIG. 22 Another outer mold (made of PMMA) was placed, firmly fixed with fasteners, and the injection nozzle and the discharge nozzle for display material 6 were connected (Fig. 22).
- the discharge nozzle was connected to a diaphragm * pump through a polyethylene tube, and the pressure was reduced from the opening 5B.
- the injection nozzle was connected to a storage tank for the display material 6 via a polyethylene tube, and the same display material 6 used in Example 5 was injected under pressure. At this time, the display material 6 in the cell Care was taken not to form a constant flow. The filling was stopped when the display material 6 was filled in every corner of the cell, and bubbles mixed in the display material 6 were discharged from the opening 5B together with the display material 6 during the injection process.
- the discharge nozzle was connected to a diaphragm pump through a polyethylene tube, and the pressure was reduced through the opening 5B.
- the injection nozzle was connected to a storage tank for the display material 6 via a polyethylene tube, and the display material 6 was injected under pressure. At this time, care was taken so that a constant flow was not formed in the display material 6 in the cell.
- the display material 6 was filled into every corner of the cell, and injection was stopped when air bubbles mixed into the display material 6 were discharged from the opening 5B together with the display material 6 during the injection process.
- a circular opening 5A having a diameter of 2.0 mm and a circular opening 5B having a diameter of 2.0 mm were drilled in the diagonal portions of the same glass epoxy substrate (back substrate 2) used in Example 1. .
- a 125-inch thick film-type hot-melt adhesive 3 (manufactured by DuPont) punched into 70 ⁇ 90 mm 2 and 5 mm in width was placed on the edge of the substrate.
- the opening 5A and the opening 5B were both located inside the film-type hot melt adhesive 3 and outside the portion to be a pixel.
- a non-woven fabric made of 10% by weight of titanium oxide and polypropylene (film thickness: 150 ⁇ m, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) was cut into 60 X 80 mm 2 having the same shape as the punched portion of the hot melt adhesive 3. This was placed inside the hot-melt adhesives 3, overlaid glass substrates I TO electrodes provided 90 X 9 0 mm 2 (transparent electrode substrate 1), 140 t, 0. 2MP a, 1 0 seconds and the To form a cell.
- the nonwoven fabric and the hot melt adhesive also serve as a spacer between the substrates, and the nonwoven fabric has a function as a white background.
- the same display material 6 as used in Example 4 was drawn into a 10-ml syringe made of polypropylene, and the nozzle of the syringe was inserted into the opening 5A without any gap.
- opening 5 B A polyethylene tube (outside diameter 2.0 mm, inside diameter 1.0 mm) was inserted without any gap.
- the display material 6 was injected into the cell by pushing the piston of the syringe.
- the display material 6 permeated the non-woven cloth, and the air bubbles mixed into the display material 6 during the injection process were discharged from the opening 5B into the display material 6 and the injection material was stopped when cut.
- the cell was sandwiched between glass plates, and pressure was applied until the thickness of the central part of the cell became the same as the part ⁇ , and the electrolyte was allowed to flow out of the opening 5B.
- the opening 5A and the opening 5B were easily sealed with cellophane tape.
- a sheet of polypropylene coated with an epoxy adhesive (trade name: Aral dite, manufactured by Chipaggi Co., Ltd.) was attached to the entire surface of the rear substrate 2 having the openings 5A and 5B. This was heated in an oven at 100 ° C for 10 minutes to cure the electrolytic solution filled in the cell and the epoxy-based adhesive of the sheet attached to the substrate, and electric wiring was performed to obtain a display.
- the present invention is not limited to the above description, and can be appropriately modified and implemented.
- various examples have been described regarding the shape and arrangement of the openings, but the number and arrangement of the openings are not particularly limited.
- the substrate may have a shape in which only a circular hole is formed in the substrate, but a cylindrical protrusion for fixing the injection nozzle and the discharge nozzle may be provided on the substrate.
- the diameter of the opening 5A formed in the substrate is larger, the display material having higher viscosity can be filled in a shorter time.
- the shapes of these openings can be used in appropriate combinations.
- the nozzle may be indirectly connected to the opening via an adapter or the like.
- the method of pressurizing the display material can be a method using compressed gas, a method using heavy objects, a method using elasticity, a method using centrifugal force, etc., and any other method Good.
- the cell has an opening for injection and an opening for discharge. It is not limited at all except that the unit is provided, and may take other forms other than the illustrated form. In all cases, the cell is completely sealed except for the opening before injecting the display material. Is important in applying the method for manufacturing an electrodeposition display panel of the present invention.
- the manufacturing method of electret Bok Rodez type display panel of the present invention are those having the Toku ⁇ the filling process of the display material, the ⁇ generally does not matter driving method of the panel to be manufactured, a simple matrix system Ya In the case of the active matrix driving method, a driving thin film transistor must be formed on a transparent substrate corresponding to each pixel.
- the electrodeposition type display panel and the display device of the present invention may be compatible with any of these methods. As described above, according to the method for manufacturing an electro-deposition type display panel of the present invention, one or a plurality of first openings formed between a pair of substrates and for injecting a display material.
- the process includes a process of filling the space by discharging from the second opening while filling the display material, so that the display material is filled into the cell in an extremely short time compared to the conventional vacuum injection method. be able to. Since the display material used for the electro-deposition display panel has a high viscosity, it is appropriate to apply a pressure to the display material and simultaneously exhaust the space and positively push the display material. Also, since the thickness of the space (substrate spacing) is wider than other types of display panels such as liquid crystal panels, such pressing effectively acts in the filling process.
- the air bubbles mixed into the cell and the powdered material separated in the cell during the filling are pushed out together, so that the display material in the cell is homogeneous. It can be charged only with the fee. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently manufacture an electro-deposition type display panel while maintaining its display quality.
- the filling time can be further reduced. Even when a high-viscosity display material is injected or when the injection resistance increases due to the formation of a peel-prevention layer on the substrate, the filling can be performed in a short time. In addition, if the display material is discharged under a pressure condition below the atmospheric pressure, the filling of the display material is promoted by the differential pressure between the injection pressure and the reduced pressure due to the exhaust. Therefore, the filling time is shorter than when only pressurization is performed, and the filling process proceeds more efficiently. be able to.
- first and second openings are formed in one of the pair of substrates, sealing can be easily and reliably performed due to a positional factor.
- the nozzle is temporarily attached to at least one of the first and second openings, and then the display material is injected and discharged, the adjustment of the pressurization / reduction of pressure in the cell can be easily performed. be able to.
- the display material to be injected and discharged adheres to the periphery of the opening. Then, the opening can be efficiently and reliably sealed.
- an electrodeposition type display panel of the present invention and an electrodeposition type display device of the present invention are provided so as to face each other, and a pair of substrates having electrodes on opposing surfaces, A layer of a display material that is sandwiched and contains metal ions and has at least a temporary fluidity, a sealing material provided on a side edge of the layer of the display material, and a substrate or a sealing material And two or more openings in a sealed state, so that the layer made of the display material is homogeneous without containing air bubbles by injecting and discharging the display material through the openings. It is possible. Therefore, high reliability can be given to the display quality.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/546,540 US7666049B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-02-26 | Electrodeposition display panel manufacturing method, electrodeposition display panel, and electrodeposition display device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003060178A JP3669363B2 (ja) | 2003-03-06 | 2003-03-06 | エレクトロデポジション型表示パネルの製造方法、並びにエレクトロデポジション型表示パネルおよびエレクトロデポジション型表示装置 |
JP2003-60178 | 2003-03-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004079443A1 true WO2004079443A1 (ja) | 2004-09-16 |
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PCT/JP2004/002299 WO2004079443A1 (ja) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-02-26 | エレクトロデポジション型表示パネルの製造方法、並びにエレクトロデポジション型表示パネルおよびエレクトロデポジション型表示装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7666049B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3669363B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100971819B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100578334C (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI251711B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004079443A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP3669363B2 (ja) | 2005-07-06 |
US20060152474A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
JP2004271717A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
KR100971819B1 (ko) | 2010-07-22 |
TW200428126A (en) | 2004-12-16 |
KR20050109961A (ko) | 2005-11-22 |
CN1756990A (zh) | 2006-04-05 |
CN100578334C (zh) | 2010-01-06 |
US7666049B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 |
TWI251711B (en) | 2006-03-21 |
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