Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
  • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
  • B30B9/3003—Details
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
  • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
  • B30B9/3003—Details
  • B30B9/3028—Retaining dogs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
  • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
  • B30B9/3096—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor the means against which, or wherein, the material is compacted being retractable
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
  • B65B27/00—Bundling particular articles presenting special problems using string, wire, or narrow tape or band; Baling fibrous material, e.g. peat, not otherwise provided for
  • B65B27/12—Baling or bundling compressible fibrous material, e.g. peat

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a press for plastic containers according to the preamble of claim 14.
• Plastic packaging is ecologically superior to burning. However, for recycling to be considered, there must be a sufficient minimum amount of similar plastics. This is the case in the field of PET beverage packaging.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PET Due to the rapid spread worldwide, PET has gained great importance in the packaging industry and has become a sought-after raw material. For this reason, there is a great demand for recycled PET, PET is one of the plastics with a low environmental impact during production and disposal.
• PET recyclate in the textile sector as fillers for pillows, fibers for sports and fleece jackets, backpacks, sports shoes, carpet coverings, etc.
• the packaging sector In the packaging sector as yoghurt cups, margarine and bisque trays, etc.
• the decentrally collected PET bottles are transported to logistics centers, where they are sorted by color and quality and processed into 100 to 300 kg bales that can be stored temporarily.
• the sorted bottles are then processed into recycled material, and it is checked by hand and by machine whether all foreign substances have been excreted.
• the labels are then removed with steam and removed.
• the bottles (including the cap) are shredded into chips in a mill. These are prewashed, in order to then remove adhesive residues from them in a second wash cycle.
• the wash liquor can be used again for further washing processes.
• the clean cutlets are separated according to the plastic types PET (bottle body) and polyethylene (lid) due to their different densities (PET sinks in water, polyethylene on the other hand floats) and then dried, dusted and freed of any remaining metal parts.
• the chips are homogenized in large mixers into batches with precisely defined values, filled into transport bags and fed to the respective work areas.
• Collection containers are placed at retail stores, in restaurants, offices or in leisure facilities. All collected PET Beverage bottles are then brought by transport companies to one of the PET logistics centers, where the recycling is done.
• PET bottles can be pressed together at all stages of the disposal chain. Ideally, the flattening should take place as early as possible.
• the PET bottles are either not pressed together at all or are pressed together by hand or with different types of presses and loosely in large, e.g. 110 liter plastic sacks filled.
• the total degree of compression of the ready-to-transport bottles results from 0% to approx. 40%.
• EP-A-0 941 941 shows different variants of waste presses, each in a waste press. if sack is pressed into it. In the case of a package made of PET bottles, which expands greatly when the pressure is relieved, these presses cannot achieve a high level of compression, since the press plate has to be moved out of the bag to remove the bag from the press.
• US-A-5 056 428 shows the pressing of vehicle tires, with no closed pressing space being provided for this.
• GB-A-1 537 659 shows a baler for cut paper material
• GB-A-2 070 511 a baler for office waste and cardboard waste.
• the invention is based on the object of creating highly compressed packages from PET containers in a simple and space-saving manner. This enables such packages to be made available in stores where the containers are returned individually or in small numbers and at different times. This object is achieved in the method of the type mentioned by the characterizing features of claim 1.
• each additional container can be added directly to the already pressed containers in the press, so that no separate storage space is required for the containers. This leads to a considerable downsizing of the system for pressing the package.
• the wrapping or wrapping of the package is preferably carried out in the same press room in which the package has been pressed. This means that the press system can be further reduced in size since no separate channel is required for the delivery of the pressed package and for its subsequent processing.
• the container to be added is preferably pressed directly onto the partial package. The package is held together by the enclosing means so that it forms a transportable unit.
• the enclosing means keeps the package in a pressed state, so that the compression of the finished package as a transport unit largely corresponds to that when the containers are pressed into the package.
• Cords or tapes that are arranged around the containers in the state that is pressed into the package are preferably suitable as encompassing means.
• the package is preferably formed in a container press which presses the individual containers together before or during package formation. Package formation is also possible in a separate press.
• the packages are preferably cuboid or cubic in order to create transport units which can be arranged close to one another.
• the packages preferably have a weight of 10 kg to 20 kg.
• Another object of the invention is to create a press by means of which a considerable increase in the overall degree of compaction of a large number of containers and thus a considerable reduction in the transport volume of a quantity of containers can be achieved.
• the press has, in addition to the pressing means for compressing individual containers, or possibly a plurality of containers at the same time, further means by means of which a pressed and held package can be produced from the pressed containers can result in a significantly increased overall degree of compression or correspondingly significantly reduced transport volume can be achieved.
• FIG. 1 shows a package of pressed PET bottles held with straps
• Figure 2 to Figure 9 shows an example of pressing a package with a hand press
• FIG. 10 shows a schematic view for explaining the overpressing of the package
• Figure 11 is a detailed view of the press plate and the holding means
• Figure 12 is a simplified view of a motor-driven press
• Figure 13 is a simplified view of the back of the press
• FIG. 14 shows a detailed view of the holder of the press plate
• Figures 15 to 20 an example of the umwik- none of the package in the press.
• FIGS. 1 to 9 schematically show the procedure according to the invention.
• the empty PET bottles 17 are pressed together to form a package 18, as is shown schematically in FIG. 1, and the package is held by encircling means, shown as straps 28 in FIG. 1, so that a transportable unit results. It has been shown that an overall compression of approximately 70-80% can be achieved in this way.
• the preferred embodiment according to the invention relates to the provision of PET bottles for transportation.
• the invention is not limited to this example, but is generally suitable for compressible plastic containers.
• PET bottles are used as examples.
• the formation of a compressed package from the bottles can be done in a variety of ways.
• Preferred and described in detail below with reference to a press is a procedure according to which the individual bottles are pressed together in a press and at the same time are pressed into a package in this press. Also in this press, the enclosing means is placed around the finished package so that the finished package can be removed from the press.
• the press used for this purpose can have, for example, a cuboid-shaped press space, which is closed at the top by a press plate which, after filling the press space with a quantity of bottles corresponding to the desired package size or the desired package weight, reduces the size of the press space by hand or by motor , so that the bottles are pressed into a packet-shaped block.
• This block is then wrapped with ribbons or cords, for example, so that the package is formed. The wrapping is explained in more detail below using an example.
• Another procedure could also be carried out in such a way that the unpressed bottles are filled into a press with a press space corresponding to the desired package shape, after which a press plate both presses the bottles together and forms the package from the compressed bottles.
• the shape of the package is stabilized by the enclosing means, so that it forms a transport unit.
• the packages formed are preferably rectangular and have a weight of approximately 5-20 kg, which results in an easy-to-handle form of transport for the bottles. Of course, other, for example cubic or cylindrical, shapes are also possible for the package.
• bottles are often arranged in the longitudinal direction of a cuboid package. Smaller bottles are also arranged in the longitudinal direction, but also in the transverse direction or at an angle.
• the bottles can be provided with a lid or without a lid, it being preferred if means, for example needle-shaped or spike-shaped elements, are provided on the respective press plate which can cause closed bottles to pierce. Such piercing is always guaranteed if the bottles are pressed together individually as described below.
• tapes or cords which hold the package can be used as a means of encirclement. Holding is understood to mean that there is a transport-resistant unit, which is generally guaranteed if the package is enclosed when the package is pressed together.
• a press 20 which comprises a support frame 10, on the top of which a hand press 11 is arranged.
• the hand press 11 is a manually operated toggle press which has a hand lever 14 which is only partially shown and by means of which the pressing can be carried out.
• toggle levers act on a press plate 15, this press plate preferably being formed from a multiplicity of individual, spaced-apart press members 15 '(FIG. 11) which form openings 15''between them.
• a movable limiting element 19 (lower press plate) opposite the press plate 15 below forms a support for an already formed partial package 18 'made of PET bottles, which is only shown as a block.
• This package is bounded all round by side walls of the press, not shown, these side walls, together with the lower press plate 19, forming the actual press space, which is delimited on its upper side by the upper press plate 15, which can plunge into the press space.
• the press room is therefore a closed, closed press room on all sides.
• Retaining means 16, which in this example are formed by a plurality of circular-segment-shaped disks, which can each be pivoted about a pivot axis 16 ', and which are arranged in such a way that they are in the region of the openings 15'', can further engage in the pressing area.
• the press plate 15 lie.
• the holding means can also be linearly displaceable plates which can be moved in and out laterally into the pressing space.
• FIG. 2 shows an initial position in which a partial Package 18 'of pressed bottles is located in the pressing chamber, which partial package rests on the lower pressing plate 19 and is held in a pressed position by the holding means 16 from above.
• FIG. 2 further shows that a further bottle 17 to be pressed has been inserted into the press. In the example shown, this was done by a lateral insertion into the empty space below the press plate 15 and above the holding means 16.
• the bottle 17 rests on the preferably curved end faces 16 ′′ of the individual disks of the holding means 16.
• FIG. 3 shows a first step which results after the bottle 17 has been inserted by actuating the hand lever 14. This is usually pressed down by the operator from the position shown.
• the holding means 16 are pivoted away from the partial package about the pivot axis 16 ', so that this is released by the holding means, which can be seen in FIG. 4. Due to the restoring force of the bottles held therein, the partial package 18 'expands upwards towards the pressing plate 15, so that the bottle 17 to be pressed rests on the upper side of the partial package 18'. The expansion of the partial package can result in a first compression of the bottle 17. By further depressing the operating lever 14, the
• the holding means 16 hold the partial package 18 ′ in the pressed position in the pressed position.
• the pressing and adding to the partial package of a further bottle 17 now again takes place according to FIGS. 2 to 9.
• the holding means 16 are thus motion-coupled to the press plate, for example via a lever arrangement.
• rigid, immovable holding means could also be arranged which do not pivot away as long as the pressing plate can press the container onto the partial package through the holding means and this is sufficiently retained.
• the lower press plate 19 is arranged to be movable in the vertical direction. If no partial package has yet been formed in the press, the lower press plate 19 has been moved all the way up, so that the first bottle of the package is pressed between the press plate 15 and the press plate 19.
• the further bottles which are then added each increase the force acting on the lower press plate 19 at the bottom dead center of the upper press plate 15.
• the lower press plate 19 is preferably arranged such that it can be moved downwards by a unit length when a predetermined force is exceeded, which increases the volume of the press room.
• the increase in volume of the pressing space can also be brought about in a manner other than force-dependent, for example after a predetermined number of pressing operations.
• FIG. 9 shows the package 18 now being the complete package and no longer a partial package.
• the package is in the pressed position by the upper press plate 15 or the holding means 16 held in this in the press space of the press 20.
• the encircling means are attached around the package, which will be explained later, and after that it can Package can be removed from the press after lowering the lower press plate 19 and / or moving the upper press plate 15 upwards.
• FIG. 9 shows the holder in the pressed position by the holding means 16, but it is preferred if, at the end of the package formation, the press plate 15 compresses the package and the tapes are wrapped in this press position.
• FIG. 10 shows a preferred partial aspect during pressing, according to which, when the partial package 18 'or the package 18 is pressed by the pressing plate 15, the lower side of the pressing plate is pressed by a predetermined amount d, preferably 10 to 30 mm, preferably approximately 20 mm , is moved further down than the lower edge of the holding means 16. It has been shown that by pressing the package further down than would actually be necessary for pivoting or retracting the holding means, the restoring force of the package is substantially reduced, approximately 10 times, so that the holding means or their bearing must accordingly absorb lower forces, which significantly simplifies the construction of the press.
• d preferably 10 to 30 mm, preferably approximately 20 mm
• FIG. 11 shows a more detailed view of a partially open press 20, in which view the toggle actuation of the press plate 15 and its configuration from individual plates 15 with openings 15 ′′ in between can be seen better. Also visible are the individual disks of the holding means 16 with their pivot axes 16 'and the insertion opening 21 for empty containers. The coupling of the axes of the holding means to the lever for driving the upper press plate is not shown.
• FIG. 12 schematically shows a view of a motor-driven press, which basically works in the same way as the hand press previously shown. Instead of manual operation, however, a motor-driven press with a motor 31 is provided, and an automated feed that automatically feeds the bottles from a double trough 32 into the press.
• the trough 32 rotates after inserting a container to be pressed, so that it is moved towards the pressing chamber.
• the belts are led upwards again, so that they extend along both sides of the package.
• the belts are brought by feed means on the top of the package through the press plate 15, which holds the package pressed, from the back of the press to the front, where they are connected to the free end of the band, for example by welds, and cut off.
• the lower limit is
• the press base or the lower press plate 19 could be mounted on the press frame 10 so as to be movable by means of a roller guide.
• the lower press plate 19 could be attached to a chain which is deflected and connected to a slip clutch via a chain wheel.
• the slip clutch is a commercially available element which rotates by a predetermined angle of rotation when a predetermined force is exceeded. In this way, the pressing base 19 moves downward when a predetermined force acts on it, which overcomes the force setting of the slip clutch. increases. This then spins until the set force is undershot again; thus the press floor also moves downwards. Thereafter, the pressing can be carried out again at this height of the press plate 19 until the force set again
• Slipping clutch is exceeded.
• the limitation of the pressing force by the slip clutch can also prevent the destruction of glass bottles which have been mistakenly inserted into the press.
• the slipping clutch also allows the press base 19 to move upward substantially free when the package has been removed from the press space and the formation of a new package is to begin. To do this, the clutch is disengaged.
• drive means (not shown) that can be actuated manually or by motor could be provided.
• FIGS. 15 to 20 show the attachment of a surrounding means around the package in a simplified manner, which in the example shown is a cord or a band 38 which can be pulled off a roll 40.
• the press is only shown schematically, insofar as this is necessary to understand the scope.
• FIG. 15 shows how the cord 38 or, if need be, a plurality of cords 38 arranged at a spacing in parallel, is pulled over the press base 19 in its upper position after an already formed package has been removed from the press.
• the door 22 of the press is open.
• the cord 38 is now pulled over the press base 19 and then the door 22 of the press is closed and the cord 38 is pulled further out of the press. This can be seen in FIG. 16.
• FIG. 17 shows a subpackage 18 'formed, the bottom press base 19 of which has moved downward, so that the front and rear a cord section 41 and 42 has been pulled from the front free end 45 or from the roll 40 in the pressing chamber.
• the package 18 is finished and the cord 38 is pulled from behind over the upper end of the package, which is indicated in the drawing by a hook 43. Since the upper press plate 15 consists of individual gates which form an empty space between them, it is possible to pull the cord 38 from behind through the press plate 15 over the package.
• FIG. 17 shows a subpackage 18 'formed, the bottom press base 19 of which has moved downward, so that the front and rear a cord section 41 and 42 has been pulled from the front free end 45 or from the roll 40 in the pressing chamber.
• the package 18 is finished and the cord 38 is pulled from behind over the upper end of the package, which is indicated in the drawing by a hook 43. Since the upper press plate 15 consists of individual gates which form an empty space between them, it is possible to pull the cord 38 from behind through
• FIG. 19 shows how the two cord ends on the front upper side of the package are connected to form a knot 44 after the cord has been cut off. The same is done with any other cords placed around the package in the manner shown.
• the node 44 is formed as long as the package is still pressed by the press plate 15. Only after the cords have been tied is the upper press plate 15 moved upward, so that the package 18 is exposed, which can be seen in FIG. 20. The package 18 can then be removed, for which purpose the pressing base 19, as explained, is at most moved downwards, whereupon the process according to FIG. 17 begins again.
• the motor-driven press shown previously is operated in a similar manner, but the tape supply is preferably on the roll and is deducted from it when the package is formed.
• weldable tapes e.g. plastic straps are also used, which are closed by a clip for strapping.
• plastic straps are also used, which are closed by a clip for strapping.
• Corresponding systems are known and need not be described further here.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
• Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
• Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
• Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8178936

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (11)

Citations (8)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 2001
  • 2001-10-24 EP EP01124371A patent/EP1306198A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2002
  • 2002-10-16 EP EP02765288A patent/EP1438186A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-10-16 JP JP2003537918A patent/JP2005506206A/ja active Pending
  • 2002-10-16 US US10/493,616 patent/US20050011374A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-10-16 WO PCT/IB2002/004265 patent/WO2003035382A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-10-16 CA CA002464440A patent/CA2464440A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-10-16 CN CN02821103.0A patent/CN1575228A/zh active Pending
  • 2002-10-16 RU RU2004115634/02A patent/RU2004115634A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-10-18 TW TW091124133A patent/TWI232168B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (8)

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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