WO2002012419A1 - Lubrifiant aqueux pour le travail au plastique d'un materiau metallique et procede d'elaboration d'un film lubrifiant - Google Patents

Lubrifiant aqueux pour le travail au plastique d'un materiau metallique et procede d'elaboration d'un film lubrifiant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002012419A1
WO2002012419A1 PCT/JP2001/003639 JP0103639W WO0212419A1 WO 2002012419 A1 WO2002012419 A1 WO 2002012419A1 JP 0103639 W JP0103639 W JP 0103639W WO 0212419 A1 WO0212419 A1 WO 0212419A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lubricant
water
wax
metal material
plastic working
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2001/003639
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasuo Imai
Shuji Nagata
Masayuki Yoshida
Original Assignee
Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd filed Critical Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd
Priority to JP2002517710A priority Critical patent/JP3984158B2/ja
Priority to CA2418942A priority patent/CA2418942C/en
Priority to MXPA03000789A priority patent/MXPA03000789A/es
Priority to EP01925970.4A priority patent/EP1319702B1/en
Priority to KR1020037001682A priority patent/KR100621693B1/ko
Publication of WO2002012419A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002012419A1/ja
Priority to US10/360,482 priority patent/US20030130137A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
    • B21C9/005—Cold application of the lubricant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
    • B21C9/02—Selection of compositions therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/02—Carbon; Graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
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    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/02—Natural products
    • C10M159/06—Waxes, e.g. ozocerite, ceresine, petrolatum, slack-wax
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    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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    • C10M2201/0413—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black used as base material
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    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
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    • C10M2201/0663—Molybdenum sulfide used as base material
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    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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    • C10M2201/0873—Boron oxides, acids or salts used as base material
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an aqueous lubricant for plastic working of a metal material for imparting excellent lubricity to a surface of a metal material such as steel, stainless steel, titanium, and aluminum without being subjected to a chemical treatment, and a method of using the same. More specifically, the present invention provides excellent lubricity without chemical conversion on the surface of metallic materials such as steel, stainless steel, titanium, and aluminum used in plastic working such as forging, drawing, and drawing.
  • the present invention relates to an aqueous lubricant for plastic working of a metal material for easily forming a film having a lubricating agent, and a method for treating a lubricating film on a metal material by using the lubricant to form a lubricating film on a metal surface.
  • a lubricating film is formed on the metal surface in order to prevent seizure or galling caused by metal contact between the workpiece and the tool.
  • the lubricating film formed on the metal surface there are two types: a type that physically attaches a lubricant to the metal surface, and a type that uses a lubricant after forming a chemical conversion film on the metal surface by a chemical reaction. is there.
  • Lubricants that are physically attached to the metal surface are generally used for light working because they have poor adhesion compared to those used by forming a chemical conversion coating on the metal surface.
  • a phosphate coating or oxalate coating is formed on the metal surface as a chemical conversion coating that acts as a carrier, and then a lubricating lubricant is used.
  • This type has a two-layer structure consisting of a chemical conversion coating as a carrier coating and a lubricant, and exhibits extremely high seizure resistance. Therefore, it has been used in a very wide range in the plastic working fields such as wire drawing, pipe drawing, and forging. Particularly in plastic processing, where processing is severe, a method of using a phosphate film or an oxalate film as a base and using a lubricant on the base is often used.
  • Lubricants used on chemical conversion coatings can also be broadly divided into two categories depending on the method of use. One is a type in which a lubricant is physically attached to a chemical conversion coating, and the other is a type in which a lubricant reacts and attaches to a chemical conversion coating.
  • a lubricant mineral oil, vegetable oil, and synthetic oil are used as base oils and an extreme pressure agent is added thereto, or a solid lubricant such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide is added to water with a binder component. Dissolved, adhered and dried and used.
  • These lubricants have the advantage that they can be easily processed by spray coating and dip coating, so there is little need for liquid management.
  • a lubricant composition comprising a water-soluble polymer or an aqueous emulsion thereof as a base material and a solid lubricant and a chemical conversion film-forming agent blended (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-200) No. 967) j is shown, but nothing comparable to chemical conversion film treatment has been obtained.
  • Means for solving these problems include, for example, the invention of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-85085 filed by the same applicant. It consists of (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt, (B) a solid lubricant, (C) at least one oil component selected from mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils and fats, and synthetic oil, (D) a surfactant and (E) water.
  • the present invention relates to an aqueous lubricant for cold plastic working of metal in which a solid lubricant and an oil are uniformly dispersed and emulsified, respectively.
  • the lubricant according to the present invention is industrially industrial because the oil component is emulsified.
  • the invention of 2000-6 3880 comprises (A) a synthetic resin, (B) a water-soluble inorganic salt and water, and the solid content weight ratio (B) / (A) is 0.25 / 1 to 9/1, and the synthetic resin
  • the present invention relates to a lubricant composition for plastic working of a metal material, in which is dissolved or dispersed.
  • the lubricant according to the present invention contains a synthetic resin as a main component, and has not yet achieved sufficient lubricity stably under severe processing conditions.
  • the present invention is to solve the problems of the above-mentioned prior art, and in consideration of global environmental protection, can be used for various metal materials, and can be easily processed.
  • the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, a water-soluble inorganic salt, a lubricant selected from molybdenum disulfide and graphite, and an aqueous solution containing wax are blended at a specific ratio.
  • the present inventors have found that excellent lubrication performance can be exhibited by performing the method, and have completed the present invention. Further, the present inventors have found a processing method for forming an excellent lubricating film having a specific adhesion amount on the surface of a metal material by energy saving and space saving, and have completed the present invention.
  • the aqueous lubricant for plastic working of a metal material of the present invention comprises (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt, (B) one or more lubricants selected from molybdenum disulfide and graphite, and (C) a wax. And these components are dissolved or dispersed in water, and the solid content ratio (weight ratio) (8) / (8) is 1.0 to 5.0, and (C) (A) is 0.0. It is characterized by being within the range of 1 to 1.0.
  • the water-soluble inorganic salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfates, silicates, borates, molybdates, and tungstates.
  • the wax is a natural wax or a synthetic wax having a melting point of 70 to 150 ° C. dispersed in water.
  • the cleaned metal material is brought into contact with the lubricant and then dried, so that the weight of the metal material adhered to the surface of the metal material is 0.5 to 4 Og.
  • / m 2 is a method for treating a lubricating film of a metallic material, characterized by forming a lubricating film of / m 2 .
  • the cleaning of the metal material is at least one selected from the group consisting of shot blast, sand blast, alkali degreasing, and acid cleaning, and the metal material is heated to 60 to 100 ° C. It is preferred that the lubricant be brought into contact with the lubricant after warming.
  • Figure 1 is an illustration of the posterior drill test
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration of the spike test.
  • the (A) water-soluble inorganic salt used in the aqueous lubricant for plastic working of metallic materials of the present invention is for imparting hardness and strength to the lubricating film. Therefore, the selected water-soluble inorganic salt must have the property of dissolving uniformly in the solution and forming a strong film when dried. As the water-soluble inorganic salt having such properties, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfates, silicates, borates, molybdates, and tungstates.
  • Examples include sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium gayate, sodium borate (sodium tetraborate), potassium borate (potassium tetraborate, etc.), ammonium borate (ammonium tetraborate, etc.), ammonium molybdate, molybdenum Acid sodium, sodium tungstate and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the one or more lubricants selected from molybdenum disulfide (B) and graphite used in the present invention are for imparting lubricity.
  • Lubricants used in the present invention Is present in a form dispersed in the aqueous lubricant for plastic working of a metal material of the present invention, and a known surfactant can be used if necessary.
  • the mixing ratio of (A) the water-soluble inorganic salt and (B) the lubricant is preferably 1.0 to 5.0 as (B) / (A) (weight ratio of solid content). More preferably, it is in the range of 2.0 to 4.0. If this ratio is less than 1.0, the lubricating performance is low, which is not preferable. If this ratio exceeds 5.0, the liquid stability of the lubricant is undesirably reduced.
  • the wax (G) it is preferable to use a natural wax or a synthetic wax although the structure and the type thereof are not specified. Pex components are added to improve the lubricity of the film by melting by the heat generated during plastic working.
  • the melting point is 70 to 150 ° C and that it is stable in an aqueous solution and does not decrease the film strength so that the effect is exhibited in the initial stage of the application.
  • paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, petrolatum wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, carnauba wax, montan wax and the like can be mentioned. These are preferably mixed with other components in the form of water disperse water / water emulsion and contained in the present plastic working aqueous lubricant.
  • the compounding amount of the wax is preferably 0.1 to 1.0 as the solid content weight ratio of (A) the water-soluble inorganic salt and (C) the wax (C) / (A). More preferably, it is in the range of 0.2 to 0.8. If the ratio is less than 0.1, the slipperiness of the coating may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 1.0, the adhesion of the coating may be insufficient.
  • an oil or a solid lubricant may be further used as an auxiliary in the aqueous lubricant for plastic working of a metal material of the present invention.
  • any of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant and a cationic surfactant can be used. Can be used.
  • Nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, for example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene (ethylene and Z or propylene) alkyl phenyl ethers, polyethylene glycol (or ethylene oxide) and higher fatty acids (eg, carbon Polyoxyethylene alkyl esters composed of the formulas 12 to 18), and polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters composed of sorbitan, polyethylene glycol and higher fatty acids (for example, having 12 to 18 carbon atoms).
  • the anionic surfactant include, but are not particularly limited to, fatty acid salts, ester sulfates, sulfonates, phosphates, and dithiophosphates.
  • amphoteric surfactant examples include, but are not particularly limited to, amino acid-type and pine-type carboxylate salts, sulfate salts, sulfonates, phosphate salts, and the like.
  • cationic surfactant examples include, but are not particularly limited to, fatty acid amine salts and quaternary ammonium salts. These surfactants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the aqueous lubricant for plastic working of the present invention can be used for a phosphate film (zinc phosphate, phosphorus phosphate) by a known method on metal materials such as iron or steel, stainless steel, copper or copper alloy, aluminum or aluminum alloy, titanium or titanium alloy. After coating with manganese oxide, iron phosphate, tin phosphate, etc., oxalate film (iron oxalate, etc.), cryolite, calcium aluminate, cold plastic working (drawing, drawing, forging, etc.) It can also be used as a lubricant to be used at the time.
  • the shape of the metal material is not particularly limited, since not only materials such as a bar material and a block material but also a shape material (gear, shaft, etc.) after hot forging can be considered.
  • Lubricating film processing method for a metal material of the present invention the cleaned metallic material into contact with the lubricant, followed by drying and then, 0. Of 5 ⁇ 4 O g / m 2 as weight deposited on the metal material surface It is an unreacted type characterized by forming a lubricating film.
  • the amount of the lubricating film formed on the metal surface is appropriately controlled depending on the degree of subsequent processing, but is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 4 Og / m 2 . More preferably, in the range of 2 ⁇ 2 O g / m 2.
  • the amount of adhesion can be calculated from the weight difference and the surface area of the metal material before and after the treatment.
  • the solid content of the water-based lubricant Adjust the weight (concentration) appropriately.
  • high-concentration lubricants are often diluted and used in the diluted solution.
  • the water for dilution adjustment is not particularly limited, but deionized water and distilled water are preferable.
  • the cleaning of the metal material is at least one selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, degreasing and acid cleaning.
  • the purpose of cleaning here is to remove oxide scales and various stains (oil, etc.) grown by annealing or the like.
  • the method for bringing the aqueous lubricant of the present invention into contact with a metal material is not particularly limited, but an immersion method, a flow coating method, a spray method, or the like can be used.
  • the application may be performed as long as the surface is sufficiently covered with an aqueous lubricant for plastic working, and the application time is not particularly limited.
  • the aqueous lubricant for plastic working needs to be dried. Drying may be carried out at room temperature, but it is usually preferable to carry out drying at 60 to 150 ° C for 10 to 60 minutes.
  • the metal material may be heated to 60 to 100 C and brought into contact with an aqueous lubricant in order to enhance the drying property.
  • an aqueous lubricant heated to 50 to 90 ° C. may be brought into contact.
  • test material used for the rear drilling test in the examples and comparative examples was a commercially available S45C spheroidized annealed material, and the shape of the test piece was 3 mm0 in diameter shown in Fig. 1 (A) and had a height of 30 mm. Is changed from 18 to 40 mm in increments of 2 mm.
  • the material used for the test was a commercially available S45C spheroidized annealed material. It is mm0 and the height is 3 Omm.
  • Shot plast Shot ball ⁇ 0.5 mm, 5 minutes
  • Fig. 1 (A) One set of cylindrical test materials shown in Fig. 1 (A) is formed sequentially using the die and punch of the 200-ton crank press shown in Fig. 1 (B), and the cup-shaped molded product shown in Fig. 1 (C) is created.
  • the surface reduction rate is 50%, leaving 10 mm, and the inside height of the cup of the test piece with no scratches on the inner surface shall be the good drilling depth (mm).
  • the material used for the posterior drilling test was a commercially available S45C spheroidized annealed material, the shape of which was 3 Omm0 in diameter, and the height was changed from 18 to 40 mm in increments of 2 mm.
  • the die is SKD11
  • the punch is HAP40
  • the land diameter is 21.2 lmm0
  • the machining speed is 30 strokes Z minutes.
  • the spike test was performed in accordance with JP-A-5-7969.
  • a cylindrical test piece (2) is placed on a die (1) with a funnel-shaped inner surface as shown in Fig. 2 (A), and then the load is pressed into the die. Then, form as shown in Fig. 2 (B).
  • Fig. 2 (A) As a result, spikes that follow the die shape are formed, and the spike height (una) at this time increases lubricity. evaluated. Therefore, the higher the height, the better the lubricity.
  • the material used for the test was a commercially available S 45 C spheroidized annealed material, and the shape of the test piece was 25 m in diameter and 30 mm in height.
  • step A The treatment was carried out in step A using the following aqueous lubricant 1 (addition of 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
  • Water-soluble inorganic salt sodium tetraborate
  • Wax polyethylene wax
  • step B Treatment was performed in step B using the following aqueous lubricant 2 (1% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion).
  • Water-soluble inorganic salt sodium tetraborate
  • Wax polyethylene wax
  • step A The treatment was carried out in step A using the following aqueous lubricant 3 (addition of 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
  • Water-soluble inorganic salt sodium silicate Lubricant: Graphite
  • Wax polyethylene wax
  • step A Treatment was carried out in step A using the following aqueous lubricant 4 (addition of 1% by weight of nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
  • Water-soluble inorganic salt sodium tungstate
  • step B Treatment was carried out in step B using the following water-based lubricant 5 (1% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion).
  • Water-soluble inorganic salt potassium sulfate
  • step A Treatment was carried out in step A using the following aqueous lubricant 6 (1% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion).
  • aqueous lubricant 6 1% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion.
  • Water-based lubricant 6 1% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion.
  • Water-soluble inorganic salt potassium sulfate
  • step B Treatment was performed in step B using the following aqueous lubricant 7 (addition of 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
  • Water-soluble inorganic salt potassium sulfate
  • the treatment was performed in the following step C.
  • Water-soluble inorganic salt Borax; 10%
  • Solid lubricant calcium stearate; 10%
  • Oil component palm oil; 0.5%
  • step A The treatment was carried out in step A using the following aqueous lubricant 9 (addition of 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
  • Water-soluble inorganic salt sodium tetraborate
  • Table 1 shows the results of the above tests.
  • Examples 1 to 5 using the water-based plastic working plastic lubricant of the present invention exhibit excellent lubricity by simple steps.
  • the lubricating properties of both Comparative Example 1 containing no lubricant of the component (B) and Comparative Example 2 containing no wax of the component (C) are inferior.
  • the phosphate film of Comparative Example 3 which had been subjected to reactive right-hand treatment exhibited lubricity equivalent to that of the present invention, but required wastewater treatment and liquid management and could not be used with simple equipment, and was not used in the reaction. Large environmental burden due to associated waste.
  • a film having high lubricity can be produced by a simple treatment using the aqueous lubricant for plastic working of a metal material and the lubricating film treatment method for a metal material of the present invention.
  • the aqueous lubricant for plastic working of a metal material and the lubricating film treatment method for a metal material of the present invention.
PCT/JP2001/003639 2000-08-07 2001-04-26 Lubrifiant aqueux pour le travail au plastique d'un materiau metallique et procede d'elaboration d'un film lubrifiant WO2002012419A1 (fr)

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JP2002517710A JP3984158B2 (ja) 2000-08-07 2001-04-26 金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑剤および潤滑皮膜の処理方法
CA2418942A CA2418942C (en) 2000-08-07 2001-04-26 Aqueous lubricant used for plastic working of metallic material and method of lubricative film processing
MXPA03000789A MXPA03000789A (es) 2000-08-07 2001-04-26 Lubricante acuoso usado para el trabajo plastico de material metalico, y metodo para el proceso de una pelicula lubricativa.
EP01925970.4A EP1319702B1 (en) 2000-08-07 2001-04-26 Aqueous lubricant for plastic working of metallic material and method of lubricant film processing
KR1020037001682A KR100621693B1 (ko) 2000-08-07 2001-04-26 금속 재료의 소성 가공용 수성 윤활제 및 윤활피막의 처리방법
US10/360,482 US20030130137A1 (en) 2000-08-07 2003-02-07 Aqueous lubricant for plactic working of metallic material and method of lubricant film processing

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JP2000-237968 2000-08-07

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WO2013129268A1 (ja) * 2012-02-27 2013-09-06 株式会社神戸製鋼所 塑性加工用水溶性潤滑剤、塑性加工用金属材および金属加工品
KR20180044997A (ko) 2015-09-30 2018-05-03 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 내식성 및 가공 후의 외관이 우수한 강선재

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CN102092987B (zh) * 2010-12-02 2012-10-10 二重集团（德阳）重型装备股份有限公司 锻件模锻用保温粘接剂及其制备方法
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CN109609250A (zh) * 2019-01-03 2019-04-12 上海润莱博化工有限公司 一种水溶性金属成型加工工艺润滑剂及其制备方法
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CN113210448B (zh) * 2021-05-17 2022-06-03 西北有色金属研究院 一种带润滑涂层的tb9钛合金盘圆丝材冷拉拔制备方法
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WO2012133455A1 (ja) 2011-03-28 2012-10-04 日本パーカライジング株式会社 塑性加工用潤滑被膜剤とその製造方法
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CA2418942A1 (en) 2003-02-07
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MXPA03000789A (es) 2004-11-01
CN1214095C (zh) 2005-08-10
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KR20030027002A (ko) 2003-04-03
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US20030130137A1 (en) 2003-07-10
KR100621693B1 (ko) 2006-09-08
EP1319702A4 (en) 2004-08-11

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