CN108219912B - 一种水基金属切削液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种水基金属切削液及其制备方法，属于金属加工技术领域。本发明以季戊四醇油酸酯为油性剂，与硼酸与二甘醇进行酯化反应制得的二甘醇硼酸酯复配，并利用其极性基团吸附在金属表面，改变金属在溶液中的双电层结构，提高金属离子化过程的活化能，同时利用非极性基团远离金属表面作定向排列，形成一层疏水的薄膜，将腐蚀介质与金属表面隔离，阻碍与腐蚀反应有关的电荷或物质转移，使得金属腐蚀速率大大降低，提高防锈性能，在金属表面形成物理吸附膜，改善润滑效果，并通过类石墨烯结构二硫化钼在摩擦副表面形成低剪切应力膜，以此降低摩擦系数，对摩擦表面起到填补和修复作用，改善了摩擦界面接触环境，提高润滑性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水基金属切削液及其制备方法，属于金属加工技术领域。
背景技术
金属切削过程是机械制造过程的一个重要组成部分。金属切削过程是指将工件上多余的金属层，通过切削加工被刀具切除而形成切屑并获得几何形状、尺寸精度和表面粗糙度都符合要求的零件的过程。在这一过程中，始终存在着刀具切削工件和工件材料抵抗切削的矛盾，从而产生一系列现象，如切削变形、切削力、切削热与切削温度以及有关刀具的磨损与刀具寿命、卷屑与断屑等。对这些现象进行研究，揭示其内在的机理，探索和掌握金属切削过程的基本规律，从而主动地加以有效的控制，对保证加工精度和表面质量，提高切削效率，降低生产成本和劳动强度以及研制切削液具有十分重大的意义。总之，金属切削过程的优劣，直接影响机械加工的质量、生产率与生产成本。
切削液是金属加工或机械加工工艺中常用的冷却剂和防锈剂，作为机械加工重要的配套材料，切削液主要功能是润滑、冷却、清洗、防锈等，能改善工件表面质量，提高加工精度，延长刀具寿命，提高工件表面的防蚀能力。近年来，随着金属切削加工技术的发展，对切削液提出了更高的要求。金属切削液正逐步由高能耗、高污染的油基切削液向低成本、低污染的水基切削液方向发展。但是与油基切削液相比，水基切削液的润滑性、防锈性稍差。近年来，随着润滑剂、防锈剂和抗菌剂等研究的深入，采用复配技术研究开发具有较高防锈性和润滑性的水基金属切削液成为最新的发展趋势。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题：针对水基切削液的润滑性、防锈性差的问题，提供了一种水基金属切削液及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种水基金属切削液，包括下述重量份原料组成：
40～60份二甘醇硼酸酯，20～25份季戊四醇油酸酯，5～8份聚乙二醇-200，1.0～1.5份二甲基硅油，2.0～2.4份十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱，1～2份类石墨烯结构二硫化钼，180～200份去离子水。
所述二甘醇硼酸酯为6～9重量份硼酸与36～54重量份二甘醇保温反应制得。
所述保温反应为油浴加热至120～130℃，保温反应3～5h。
所述季戊四醇油酸酯为10～12重量份油酸与12～16重量份季戊四醇保温搅拌制得。
所述保温搅拌为在70～80℃下以200～300r/min搅拌反应2～3h。
所述类石墨烯结构二硫化钼为通过超声辅助剥离法，在表面活性剂胆酸钠水溶液中剥离二硫化钼制得，所述二硫化钼与胆酸钠的质量比为10：3。
所述的一种水基金属切削液的制备方法，具体步骤为：
（1）取二硫化钼、胆酸钠加入去离子水中超声分散5～8h，再以3000～4000r/min离心分离20～30min，取上层液并以10000～12000r/min离心分离30～40min，得沉淀；
（2）将沉淀超声清洗后干燥，得类石墨烯结构二硫化钼；
（3）取油酸与季戊四醇保温搅拌2～3h，冷却后蒸发至原液体积的80～90%，得季戊四醇油酸酯；
（4）取硼酸、二甘醇保温反应3～5h，冷却至90～100℃后蒸发至含水率为0.1～1.0%，得二甘醇硼酸酯；
（5）取二甘醇硼酸酯、季戊四醇油酸酯、聚乙二醇-200、二甲基硅油、十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱、类石墨烯结构二硫化钼、去离子水，在90～100℃下搅拌30～40min，得水基金属切削液。
本发明与其他方法相比，有益技术效果是：
（1）本发明以季戊四醇与油酸进行酯化反应制得的季戊四醇油酸酯为油性剂，与硼酸与二甘醇进行酯化反应制得的二甘醇硼酸酯复配，并利用其极性基团吸附在金属表面，改变金属在溶液中的双电层结构，提高金属离子化过程的活化能，同时利用非极性基团远离金属表面作定向排列，形成一层疏水的薄膜，将腐蚀介质与金属表面隔离，阻碍与腐蚀反应有关的电荷或物质转移，使得金属腐蚀速率大大降低，提高防锈性能；
（2）本发明利用酯表面连接中氧原子孤电子对趋于与金属表面形成静电键，酯基团越多，酯分子的极性越大，酯与金属的亲和力越高的特点，通过季戊四醇油酸酯与二甘醇硼酸酯表面丰富的酯极性官能团，提高在金属表面的吸附性能，形成物理吸附膜，改善润滑效果，并通过类石墨烯结构二硫化钼在摩擦副表面形成低剪切应力膜，以此降低摩擦系数，对摩擦表面起到填补和修复作用，改善了摩擦界面接触环境，提高润滑性能。
具体实施方式
取10～12g二硫化钼，3.0～3.6g胆酸钠，加入1.0～1.2L去离子水中，在40～50℃恒温水浴下，以300W超声波超声分散5～8h，再转入离心机中以3000～4000r/min离心分离20～30min，取上层液并以10000～12000r/min离心分离30～40min，得沉淀，将沉淀加入去离子水中超声清洗2～3次，再置于干燥箱中，在60～70℃下干燥6～8h，得类石墨烯结构二硫化钼，取10～12g油酸装入烧瓶中，在70～80℃下以200～300r/min搅拌20～30min，再加入12～16g季戊四醇，继续保温搅拌2～3h，冷却至室温后装入旋转蒸发仪中蒸发至原液体积的80～90%，得季戊四醇油酸酯，取6～9g硼酸，36～54g二甘醇装入烧瓶中，以300～400r/min搅拌并油浴加热至120～130℃，保温反应3～5h，冷却至90～100℃后装入旋转蒸发仪中蒸发至含水率为0.1～1.0%，得二甘醇硼酸酯，取40～60g二甘醇硼酸酯，20～25g季戊四醇油酸酯，5～8g聚乙二醇-200，1.0～1.5g二甲基硅油，2.0～2.4g十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱，1～2g类石墨烯结构二硫化钼，180～200g去离子水，在90～100℃下搅拌30～40min，得所述水基金属切削液。
实例1
取10g二硫化钼，3.0g胆酸钠，加入1.0L去离子水中，在40℃恒温水浴下，以300W超声波超声分散5h，再转入离心机中以3000r/min离心分离20min，取上层液并以10000r/min离心分离30min，得沉淀，将沉淀加入去离子水中超声清洗2次，再置于干燥箱中，在60℃下干燥6h，得类石墨烯结构二硫化钼，取10g油酸装入烧瓶中，在70℃下以200r/min搅拌20min，再加入12g季戊四醇，继续保温搅拌2h，冷却至室温后装入旋转蒸发仪中蒸发至原液体积的80%，得季戊四醇油酸酯，取6g硼酸，36g二甘醇装入烧瓶中，以300r/min搅拌并油浴加热至120℃，保温反应3h，冷却至90℃后装入旋转蒸发仪中蒸发至含水率为0.1%，得二甘醇硼酸酯，取40g二甘醇硼酸酯，20g季戊四醇油酸酯，5g聚乙二醇-200，1.0g二甲基硅油，2.0g十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱，1g类石墨烯结构二硫化钼，180g去离子水，在90℃下搅拌30min，得所述水基金属切削液。
实例2
取11g二硫化钼，3.3g胆酸钠，加入1.1L去离子水中，在45℃恒温水浴下，以300W超声波超声分散6h，再转入离心机中以3500r/min离心分离25min，取上层液并以11000r/min离心分离35min，得沉淀，将沉淀加入去离子水中超声清洗2次，再置于干燥箱中，在65℃下干燥7h，得类石墨烯结构二硫化钼，取11g油酸装入烧瓶中，在75℃下以250r/min搅拌25min，再加入14g季戊四醇，继续保温搅拌2h，冷却至室温后装入旋转蒸发仪中蒸发至原液体积的85%，得季戊四醇油酸酯，取7g硼酸，45g二甘醇装入烧瓶中，以350r/min搅拌并油浴加热至125℃，保温反应4h，冷却至95℃后装入旋转蒸发仪中蒸发至含水率为0.5%，得二甘醇硼酸酯，取50g二甘醇硼酸酯，22g季戊四醇油酸酯，7g聚乙二醇-200，1.25g二甲基硅油，2.2g十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱，1g类石墨烯结构二硫化钼，190g去离子水，在95℃下搅拌35min，得所述水基金属切削液。
实例3
取12g二硫化钼，3.6g胆酸钠，加入1.2L去离子水中，在50℃恒温水浴下，以300W超声波超声分散8h，再转入离心机中以4000r/min离心分离30min，取上层液并以12000r/min离心分离40min，得沉淀，将沉淀加入去离子水中超声清洗3次，再置于干燥箱中，在70℃下干燥8h，得类石墨烯结构二硫化钼，取12g油酸装入烧瓶中，在80℃下以300r/min搅拌30min，再加入16g季戊四醇，继续保温搅拌3h，冷却至室温后装入旋转蒸发仪中蒸发至原液体积的90%，得季戊四醇油酸酯，取9g硼酸，54g二甘醇装入烧瓶中，以400r/min搅拌并油浴加热至130℃，保温反应5h，冷却至100℃后装入旋转蒸发仪中蒸发至含水率为1.0%，得二甘醇硼酸酯，取60g二甘醇硼酸酯，25g季戊四醇油酸酯，8g聚乙二醇-200， 1.5g二甲基硅油，2.4g十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱，2g类石墨烯结构二硫化钼，200g去离子水，在100℃下搅拌40min，得所述水基金属切削液。
将本发明制备的水基金属切削液及吉林某公司生产的切削液进行检测，具体检测结果如下表表1：
表1水基金属切削液性能表征
由表1可知本发明制备的水基金属切削液，防锈性能好，润滑性能优异，具有极好的应用前景。
Claims (5)
1.一种水基金属切削液，其特征在于，由下述重量份原料组成：
40～60份二甘醇硼酸酯，20～25份季戊四醇油酸酯，5～8份聚乙二醇-200，1.0～1.5份二甲基硅油，2.0～2.4份十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱，1～2份类石墨烯结构二硫化钼，180～200份去离子水；
且所述二甘醇硼酸酯为6～9重量份硼酸与36～54重量份二甘醇保温反应制得，所述保温反应为油浴加热至120～130℃并保温反应3～5h。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述季戊四醇油酸酯为10～12重量份油酸与12～16重量份季戊四醇保温搅拌制得。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述保温搅拌为在70～80℃下以200～300r/min搅拌反应2～3h。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述类石墨烯结构二硫化钼为通过超声辅助剥离法，在表面活性剂胆酸钠水溶液中剥离二硫化钼制得，所述二硫化钼与胆酸钠的质量比为10：3。
5.如权利要求1～4任意一项所述的一种水基金属切削液的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤为：
（1）取二硫化钼、胆酸钠加入去离子水中超声分散5～8h，再以3000～4000r/min离心分离20～30min，取上层液并以10000～12000r/min离心分离30～40min，得沉淀；
（2）将沉淀超声清洗后干燥，得类石墨烯结构二硫化钼；
（3）取油酸与季戊四醇保温搅拌2～3h，冷却后蒸发至原液体积的80～90%，得季戊四醇油酸酯；
（4）取硼酸、二甘醇保温反应3～5h，冷却至90～100℃后蒸发至含水率为0.1～1.0%，得二甘醇硼酸酯；
（5）取二甘醇硼酸酯、季戊四醇油酸酯、聚乙二醇-200、二甲基硅油、十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱、类石墨烯结构二硫化钼、去离子水，在90～100℃下搅拌30～40min，得水基金属切削液。
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