CN107142134A - 一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液 - Google Patents

一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液 Download PDF

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CN107142134A
CN107142134A CN201710220767.9A CN201710220767A CN107142134A CN 107142134 A CN107142134 A CN 107142134A CN 201710220767 A CN201710220767 A CN 201710220767A CN 107142134 A CN107142134 A CN 107142134A
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parts
extreme pressure
incubated
well mixed
cooled
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林伟
江海涛
江海波
江浩
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Tianchang Runda Metal Antirust Auxiliary Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其原料按重量份包括：棕榈油20‑50份、改性复合极压剂5‑15份、改性二硫化钼4‑8份、黄原酸酯3‑5份、季戊四醇油酸酯2‑5份、新戊基多元醇酯1‑3份、脂肪酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯2‑5份、二乙醇酰胺油酸硼酸酯3‑6份、石油磺酸钡2‑5份、十七烷基咪唑啉4‑6份、环己六醇六磷酸酯1‑3份、亚硝酸钠3‑5份、苯并三氮唑1‑4份、硼酸3‑6份、二聚酸钾2‑5份、油酸钠4‑8份、二甘醇3‑6份、二烷基醚胺2‑5份、水8‑12份。本发明的金属切削液具有优异的极压性能。

Description

一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液
技术领域
本发明涉及一种切削液，尤其涉及一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液。
背景技术
金属切削液是金属加工过程所需要的一种重要的辅助材料，它主要起到防锈、润滑、清洗及冷却的效果。现有技术中的切削液的合成主要是一些润滑剂、表面活性剂、防锈剂、偶合剂、有机硅型消泡剂等组成，润滑剂主要是应用机油、聚乙二醇、脂肪酸皂等，而防锈剂主要是应用油酸三乙醇胺皂、硼酸盐、亚硝酸盐、铬酸盐等。表面活性剂主要应用NP系列、TX系列、聚醚系列等。
现有技术中的切削液的极压性能无法满足实际生产过程中的需求，因此亟需开发一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液来解决现有技术中的问题。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中存在的技术问题，本发明提出一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，具有优异的极压性能。
本发明提出的一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其原料按重量份包括：棕榈油20-50份、改性复合极压剂5-15份、改性二硫化钼4-8份、黄原酸酯3-5份、季戊四醇油酸酯2-5份、新戊基多元醇酯1-3份、脂肪酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯2-5份、二乙醇酰胺油酸硼酸酯3-6份、石油磺酸钡2-5份、十七烷基咪唑啉4-6份、环己六醇六磷酸酯1-3份、亚硝酸钠3-5份、苯并三氮唑1-4份、硼酸3-6份、二聚酸钾2-5份、油酸钠4-8份、二甘醇3-6份、二烷基醚胺2-5份、水8-12份。
优选地，改性复合极压剂的原料按重量份包括：氟化铵10-20份、氟化镧乙醇溶液4-8份、硅烷偶联剂KH-5603-9份、菜籽油4-9份、硫化剂2-5份、纳米稀土催化剂4-6份、甲醇1-5份、纳米膨润土2-6份、五氧化二磷4-9份。
优选地，改性复合极压剂按如下工艺进行制备：将氟化铵溶解在醇水体系中，搅拌过程中加入氟化镧乙醇溶液中，然后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-560混合均匀，升温后保温，过滤后干燥，冷却至室温得到物料a；将菜籽油和硫化剂混合均匀，升温后保温，降温后加入纳米稀土催化剂和甲醇混合均匀，于恒温保温后加入纳米膨润土混合均匀，升温后保温，出料过滤并静置过夜，然后加入五氧化二磷，接着恒温保温，冷却至室温得到物料b；向物料b中加入物料a混合均匀，接着超声频率超声分散，冷却至室温得到改性复合极压剂。
优选地，改性复合极压剂按如下工艺进行制备：将氟化铵溶解在醇水体系中，搅拌过程中加入氟化镧乙醇溶液中，然后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-560混合均匀，升温至30-50℃，保温1-3h，过滤后干燥，冷却至室温得到物料a；将菜籽油和硫化剂混合均匀，升温至130-180℃，保温2-4h，然后降温至50-70℃，接着加入纳米稀土催化剂和甲醇混合均匀，于60-70℃保温1-3h，然后加入纳米膨润土混合均匀，升温至70-80℃，保温1-3h，出料过滤并静置过夜，然后加入五氧化二磷，接着于65-70℃保温1-3h，冷却至室温得到物料b；向物料b中加入物料a混合均匀，接着于45-55kHz的超声频率超声分散0.5-1.5h，冷却至室温得到改性复合极压剂。
优选地，改性二硫化钼按如下工艺进行制备：将二烷基二硫代磷酸和吡啶混合均匀，升温后保温，冷却至室温，然后进行重结晶，即得物料A；在氮气保护下，向钼酸钠中加入盐酸羟胺和物料A混合均匀，然后升温后保温，冷却至室温得到改性二硫化钼。
优选地，改性二硫化钼按如下工艺进行制备：将二烷基二硫代磷酸和吡啶混合均匀，升温至55-65℃，保温25-35min，冷却至室温，然后进行重结晶，即得物料A；在氮气保护下，向钼酸钠中加入盐酸羟胺和物料A混合均匀，然后升温至80-90℃，保温40-60min，冷却至室温得到改性二硫化钼。
优选地，改性二硫化钼的制备过程中，二烷基二硫代磷酸、吡啶和盐酸羟胺的重量比为2-5：3-5：1-3。
本发明的一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其原料包括棕榈油、改性复合极压剂、改性二硫化钼、黄原酸酯、季戊四醇油酸酯、新戊基多元醇酯、脂肪酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯、二乙醇酰胺油酸硼酸酯、石油磺酸钡、十七烷基咪唑啉、环己六醇六磷酸酯、亚硝酸钠、苯并三氮唑、硼酸、二聚酸钾、油酸钠、二甘醇、二烷基醚胺和水。其中，改性复合极压剂通过将氟化铵溶解在醇水体系中，搅拌过程中加入氟化镧乙醇溶液中，然后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-560混合均匀，升温后保温，过滤后干燥，冷却至室温得到物料a；将菜籽油和硫化剂混合均匀，升温后保温，降温后加入纳米稀土催化剂和甲醇混合均匀，于恒温保温后加入纳米膨润土混合均匀，升温后保温，出料过滤并静置过夜，然后加入五氧化二磷，接着恒温保温，冷却至室温得到物料b；向物料b中加入物料a混合均匀，接着超声频率超声分散，冷却至室温得到改性复合极压剂，运用到本发明的金属切削液的制备中，有效提高了本发明金属切削液的挤压性能。同时，添加的膨润土其单个晶层厚度为0.96nm，层间距为1.5nm左右，而有机改性膨润土可以使层间距增大到1.7-3.0nm，甚至更大。当膨润土以单层或多层分散到介质中，在一维上小于100nm时，属于纳米材料范围l-100nm。它作为硅铝酸盐的一种，有机改性膨润土Si和Al含量较高，若将膨润土充分地分散到油中，使极薄的膨润土片层较易进人摩擦副间，利用片层上的轻基或硅氧键与摩擦基体发生摩擦化学反应，使摩擦基体合金化，则可能使极压或抗磨性能得到改善，并通过硅烷偶联剂进行改性后，与基料的结合更加牢固，赋予了本发明金属切削液优异的挤压性能。其中添加的表面修饰氟化镧微粉在摩擦过程中发生摩擦化学反应，产生了以氧化铁氟化亚铁及氧化镧等为主要组成成分的边界润滑膜，是此类微粉表现出良好的极压抗磨性能。使用菜籽油作原料，以甲醇和多羟基化合物作酯交换剂,在自制固体催化剂的作用下进行酯交换反应，在此基础上以硫化物、P2O5进行改性，合成一种带有极压元素S、P和N的多羟基脂肪酸，这种物质不仅具有高的极压润滑性，本身也是一种乳化剂具有自乳化作用。其中，改性二硫化钼通过将二烷基二硫代磷酸和吡啶混合均匀，升温后保温，冷却至室温，然后进行重结晶，即得物料A；在氮气保护下，向钼酸钠中加入盐酸羟胺和物料A混合均匀，然后升温后保温，冷却至室温得到改性二硫化钼，运用到本发明的金属切削液的制备中，有效提高了本发明金属切削液的防锈性能。以二烷基二硫代磷酸吡啶为表面修饰剂，优化了合成制备工艺，合成了颗粒尺寸在10nm左右的MoS2粒子；有机表面修饰层的存在有效阻止了纳米二硫化钼微粒的氧化以及微粒表面吸附水和羟基的存在。同时由于表面修饰层中脂肪链的疏水作用，使得表面修饰纳米MoS2微粒在非极性溶剂中具有良好的分散性。添加了表面修饰二硫化钼，由于在摩擦条件下，有机钼与基体微突体凸峰反应生成MoS2，FeS，FePO4等边界润滑膜，从而改善了材料的极压性能。此外，MoS2层状结构的低剪切强度也是有机钼减摩机理的主要原因之一。本发明制备得到的金属切削液具有优异的挤压性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做出详细说明，应当了解，实施例只用于说明本发明，而不是用于对本发明进行限定，任何在本发明基础上所做的修改、等同替换等均在本发明的保护范围内。
具体实施方式中，棕榈油的重量份可以为20份、25份、30份、35份、40份、45份、50份；改性复合极压剂的重量份可以为5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、11份、12份、13份、14份、15份；改性二硫化钼的重量份可以为4份、5份、6份、7份、8份；黄原酸酯的重量份可以为3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份；季戊四醇油酸酯的重量份可以为2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份；新戊基多元醇酯的重量份可以为1份、1.5份、2份、2.5份、3份；脂肪酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯的重量份可以为2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份；二乙醇酰胺油酸硼酸酯的重量份可以为3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份、5.5份、6份；石油磺酸钡的重量份可以为2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份；十七烷基咪唑啉的重量份可以为4份、4.5份、5份、5.5份、6份；环己六醇六磷酸酯的重量份可以为1份、1.5份、2份、2.5份、3份；亚硝酸钠的重量份可以为3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份；苯并三氮唑的重量份可以为1份、1.5份、2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份；硼酸的重量份可以为3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份、5.5份、6份；二聚酸钾的重量份可以为2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份；油酸钠的重量份可以为4份、4.5份、5份、5.5份、6份、6.5份、7份、7.5份、8份；二甘醇的重量份可以为3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份、5.5份、6份；二烷基醚胺的重量份可以为2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、4.5份、5份、5.5份、5份；水的重量份可以为8份、8.5份、9份、9.5份、10份、10.5份、11份、11.5份、12份。
实施例1
本发明的一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其原料按重量份包括：棕榈油35份、改性复合极压剂10份、改性二硫化钼6份、黄原酸酯4份、季戊四醇油酸酯3.5份、新戊基多元醇酯2份、脂肪酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯3.5份、二乙醇酰胺油酸硼酸酯4.5份、石油磺酸钡3.5份、十七烷基咪唑啉5份、环己六醇六磷酸酯2份、亚硝酸钠4份、苯并三氮唑2.5份、硼酸4.5份、二聚酸钾3.5份、油酸钠6份、二甘醇4.5份、二烷基醚胺3.5份、水10份。
实施例2
本发明的一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其原料按重量份包括：棕榈油20份、改性复合极压剂15份、改性二硫化钼4份、黄原酸酯5份、季戊四醇油酸酯2份、新戊基多元醇酯3份、脂肪酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯2份、二乙醇酰胺油酸硼酸酯6份、石油磺酸钡2份、十七烷基咪唑啉6份、环己六醇六磷酸酯1份、亚硝酸钠5份、苯并三氮唑1份、硼酸6份、二聚酸钾2份、油酸钠8份、二甘醇3份、二烷基醚胺5份、水8份。
改性复合极压剂按如下工艺进行制备：按重量份将10份氟化铵溶解在醇水体系中，搅拌过程中加入8份氟化镧乙醇溶液中，然后加入3份硅烷偶联剂KH-560混合均匀，升温至50℃，保温1h，过滤后干燥，冷却至室温得到物料a；将9份菜籽油和2份硫化剂混合均匀，升温至180℃，保温2h，然后降温至70℃，接着加入4份纳米稀土催化剂和5份甲醇混合均匀，于60℃保温3h，然后加入2份纳米膨润土混合均匀，升温至80℃，保温1h，出料过滤并静置过夜，然后加入9份五氧化二磷，接着于65℃保温3h，冷却至室温得到物料b；向物料b中加入物料a混合均匀，接着于45kHz的超声频率超声分散1.5h，冷却至室温得到改性复合极压剂。
改性二硫化钼按如下工艺进行制备：按重量份将2份二烷基二硫代磷酸和5份吡啶混合均匀，升温至55℃，保温35min，冷却至室温，然后进行重结晶，即得物料A；在氮气保护下，向钼酸钠中加入1份盐酸羟胺和物料A混合均匀，然后升温至90℃，保温40min，冷却至室温得到改性二硫化钼。
实施例3
本发明的一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其原料按重量份包括：棕榈油50份、改性复合极压剂5份、改性二硫化钼8份、黄原酸酯3份、季戊四醇油酸酯5份、新戊基多元醇酯1份、脂肪酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯5份、二乙醇酰胺油酸硼酸酯3份、石油磺酸钡5份、十七烷基咪唑啉4份、环己六醇六磷酸酯3份、亚硝酸钠3份、苯并三氮唑4份、硼酸3份、二聚酸钾5份、油酸钠4份、二甘醇6份、二烷基醚胺2份、水12份。
改性复合极压剂按如下工艺进行制备：按重量份将20份氟化铵溶解在醇水体系中，搅拌过程中加入4份氟化镧乙醇溶液中，然后加入9份硅烷偶联剂KH-560混合均匀，升温至30℃，保温3h，过滤后干燥，冷却至室温得到物料a；将4份菜籽油和5份硫化剂混合均匀，升温至130℃，保温4h，然后降温至50℃，接着加入6份纳米稀土催化剂和1份甲醇混合均匀，于70℃保温1h，然后加入6份纳米膨润土混合均匀，升温至70℃，保温3h，出料过滤并静置过夜，然后加入4份五氧化二磷，接着于70℃保温1h，冷却至室温得到物料b；向物料b中加入物料a混合均匀，接着于55kHz的超声频率超声分散0.5h，冷却至室温得到改性复合极压剂。
改性二硫化钼按如下工艺进行制备：按重量份将5份二烷基二硫代磷酸和3份吡啶混合均匀，升温至65℃，保温25min，冷却至室温，然后进行重结晶，即得物料A；在氮气保护下，向钼酸钠中加入3份盐酸羟胺和物料A混合均匀，然后升温至80℃，保温60min，冷却至室温得到改性二硫化钼。
实施例4
本发明的一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其原料按重量份包括：棕榈油25份、改性复合极压剂12份、改性二硫化钼5份、黄原酸酯4.5份、季戊四醇油酸酯3份、新戊基多元醇酯2.5份、脂肪酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯3份、二乙醇酰胺油酸硼酸酯5份、石油磺酸钡3份、十七烷基咪唑啉5.5份、环己六醇六磷酸酯1.5份、亚硝酸钠4.5份、苯并三氮唑2份、硼酸5份、二聚酸钾3份、油酸钠7份、二甘醇4份、二烷基醚胺4份、水9份。
改性复合极压剂按如下工艺进行制备：按重量份将12份氟化铵溶解在醇水体系中，搅拌过程中加入7份氟化镧乙醇溶液中，然后加入4份硅烷偶联剂KH-560混合均匀，升温至45℃，保温1.5h，过滤后干燥，冷却至室温得到物料a；将8份菜籽油和3份硫化剂混合均匀，升温至175℃，保温2.5h，然后降温至65℃，接着加入4.5份纳米稀土催化剂和4份甲醇混合均匀，于62℃保温2.5h，然后加入3份纳米膨润土混合均匀，升温至78℃，保温1.5h，出料过滤并静置过夜，然后加入8份五氧化二磷，接着于66℃保温2.5h，冷却至室温得到物料b；向物料b中加入物料a混合均匀，接着于45kHz的超声频率超声分散1.2h，冷却至室温得到改性复合极压剂。
改性二硫化钼按如下工艺进行制备：按重量份将3份二烷基二硫代磷酸和4.5份吡啶混合均匀，升温至58℃，保温32min，冷却至室温，然后进行重结晶，即得物料A；在氮气保护下，向钼酸钠中加入1.5份盐酸羟胺和物料A混合均匀，然后升温至88℃，保温45min，冷却至室温得到改性二硫化钼。
实施例5
本发明的一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其原料按重量份包括：棕榈油45份、改性复合极压剂8份、改性二硫化钼7份、黄原酸酯3.5份、季戊四醇油酸酯4份、新戊基多元醇酯1.5份、脂肪酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯4份、二乙醇酰胺油酸硼酸酯4份、石油磺酸钡4份、十七烷基咪唑啉4.5份、环己六醇六磷酸酯2.5份、亚硝酸钠3.5份、苯并三氮唑3份、硼酸4份、二聚酸钾4份、油酸钠5份、二甘醇5份、二烷基醚胺3份、水11份。
改性复合极压剂按如下工艺进行制备：按重量份将18份氟化铵溶解在醇水体系中，搅拌过程中加入5份氟化镧乙醇溶液中，然后加入8份硅烷偶联剂KH-560混合均匀，升温至35℃，保温2.5h，过滤后干燥，冷却至室温得到物料a；将5份菜籽油和4份硫化剂混合均匀，升温至135℃，保温3.5h，然后降温至55℃，接着加入5.5份纳米稀土催化剂和2份甲醇混合均匀，于68℃保温1.5h，然后加入5份纳米膨润土混合均匀，升温至72℃，保温2.5h，出料过滤并静置过夜，然后加入5份五氧化二磷，接着于69℃保温1.5h，冷却至室温得到物料b；向物料b中加入物料a混合均匀，接着于55kHz的超声频率超声分散0.8h，冷却至室温得到改性复合极压剂。
改性二硫化钼按如下工艺进行制备：按重量份将4份二烷基二硫代磷酸和3.5份吡啶混合均匀，升温至62℃，保温28min，冷却至室温，然后进行重结晶，即得物料A；在氮气保护下，向钼酸钠中加入2.5份盐酸羟胺和物料A混合均匀，然后升温至82℃，保温55min，冷却至室温得到改性二硫化钼。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其特征在于，其原料按重量份包括：棕榈油20-50份、改性复合极压剂5-15份、改性二硫化钼4-8份、黄原酸酯3-5份、季戊四醇油酸酯2-5份、新戊基多元醇酯1-3份、脂肪酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯2-5份、二乙醇酰胺油酸硼酸酯3-6份、石油磺酸钡2-5份、十七烷基咪唑啉4-6份、环己六醇六磷酸酯1-3份、亚硝酸钠3-5份、苯并三氮唑1-4份、硼酸3-6份、二聚酸钾2-5份、油酸钠4-8份、二甘醇3-6份、二烷基醚胺2-5份、水8-12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其特征在于，改性复合极压剂的原料按重量份包括：氟化铵10-20份、氟化镧乙醇溶液4-8份、硅烷偶联剂KH-5603-9份、菜籽油4-9份、硫化剂2-5份、纳米稀土催化剂4-6份、甲醇1-5份、纳米膨润土2-6份、五氧化二磷4-9份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其特征在于，改性复合极压剂按如下工艺进行制备：将氟化铵溶解在醇水体系中，搅拌过程中加入氟化镧乙醇溶液中，然后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-560混合均匀，升温后保温，过滤后干燥，冷却至室温得到物料a；将菜籽油和硫化剂混合均匀，升温后保温，降温后加入纳米稀土催化剂和甲醇混合均匀，于恒温保温后加入纳米膨润土混合均匀，升温后保温，出料过滤并静置过夜，然后加入五氧化二磷，接着恒温保温，冷却至室温得到物料b；向物料b中加入物料a混合均匀，接着超声频率超声分散，冷却至室温得到改性复合极压剂。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其特征在于，改性复合极压剂按如下工艺进行制备：将氟化铵溶解在醇水体系中，搅拌过程中加入氟化镧乙醇溶液中，然后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-560混合均匀，升温至30-50℃，保温1-3h，过滤后干燥，冷却至室温得到物料a；将菜籽油和硫化剂混合均匀，升温至130-180℃，保温2-4h，然后降温至50-70℃，接着加入纳米稀土催化剂和甲醇混合均匀，于60-70℃保温1-3h，然后加入纳米膨润土混合均匀，升温至70-80℃，保温1-3h，出料过滤并静置过夜，然后加入五氧化二磷，接着于65-70℃保温1-3h，冷却至室温得到物料b；向物料b中加入物料a混合均匀，接着于45-55kHz的超声频率超声分散0.5-1.5h，冷却至室温得到改性复合极压剂。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其特征在于，改性二硫化钼按如下工艺进行制备：将二烷基二硫代磷酸和吡啶混合均匀，升温后保温，冷却至室温，然后进行重结晶，即得物料A；在氮气保护下，向钼酸钠中加入盐酸羟胺和物料A混合均匀，然后升温后保温，冷却至室温得到改性二硫化钼。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其特征在于，改性二硫化钼按如下工艺进行制备：将二烷基二硫代磷酸和吡啶混合均匀，升温至55-65℃，保温25-35min，冷却至室温，然后进行重结晶，即得物料A；在氮气保护下，向钼酸钠中加入盐酸羟胺和物料A混合均匀，然后升温至80-90℃，保温40-60min，冷却至室温得到改性二硫化钼。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的具有优异极压性能的金属切削液，其特征在于，改性二硫化钼的制备过程中，二烷基二硫代磷酸、吡啶和盐酸羟胺的重量比为2-5：3-5：1-3。
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