WO2001092925A1 - Materiau optique et element optique contenant un compose de sulfure aromatique et compose de sulfure aromatique - Google Patents

Materiau optique et element optique contenant un compose de sulfure aromatique et compose de sulfure aromatique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001092925A1
WO2001092925A1 PCT/JP2001/004491 JP0104491W WO0192925A1 WO 2001092925 A1 WO2001092925 A1 WO 2001092925A1 JP 0104491 W JP0104491 W JP 0104491W WO 0192925 A1 WO0192925 A1 WO 0192925A1
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Prior art keywords
group
optionally substituted
ring
substituent
general formula
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PCT/JP2001/004491
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Takahiro Fujiyama
Hideo Hama
Atsuo Otsuji
Keisuke Takuma
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Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
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Priority to EP01934387A priority Critical patent/EP1291679A1/en
Priority to KR1020027001388A priority patent/KR20020044134A/ko
Publication of WO2001092925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001092925A1/ja

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C321/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
    • C07C321/24—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides, or polysulfides having thio groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02033—Core or cladding made from organic material, e.g. polymeric material
    • G02B6/02038—Core or cladding made from organic material, e.g. polymeric material with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/37—Thiols
    • C08K5/375—Thiols containing six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/37—Thiols
    • C08K5/378—Thiols containing heterocyclic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
    • C08L33/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical material and an optical component using an aromatic sulfide compound and an aromatic sulfide compound, and particularly to a polymer optical fiber.
  • Optical materials used to be glass but in recent years transparent polymer materials have begun to spread. In particular, they are used in the fields of optical lenses, optical disks, optical fibers, rod lenses, optical waveguides, optical switches, optical pickup lenses, and the like.
  • Optical polymer materials have evolved in pursuit of higher functionality such as transparency, higher refractive index, lower dispersion, higher refractive index, and higher heat resistance.
  • polymer optical fiber (POF) is becoming increasingly important in next-generation iSf starting concepts such as LAN (local area network) and ISDN (integrated service digital network).
  • the POF is composed of polymers in the core and cladding, and is easier to process and handle than quartz optical fins, and the cost of the material is low. It is often used as a short-haul transport route for โ‡
  • Step index type (31 type), in which the refractive index distribution changes stepwise, has already been put into practical use for short-distance transmission of about 50 m, but because of its small transmission capacity, it is used for optical communication. Not suitable for On the other hand, a graded index (GI) POF, whose refractive index distribution changes in the radial direction, has a larger transmission capacity than the SI type and is suitable for optical communication applications, and this refractive index distribution is smooth. The transmission capacity of the fiber increases as the number becomes higher.
  • GI graded index
  • GI POF fabrication methods There are two types of GI POF fabrication methods. One is a dopant type as disclosed in, for example, W093 / 08488, in which a polymer for a matrix is added with a low molecular weight compound having no reactivity to the polymer, and Minute The refractive index distribution is obtained by forming a concentration gradient by the diffusion of the condensate โ‡ ].
  • the other is, for example, a copolymerization type disclosed in JP-A-5-173025-JP-A-5-173026, which utilizes the difference in the reactivity ratio of both monomers when copolymerizing two types of monomers. Thus, a refractive index distribution is obtained by forming a concentration gradient.
  • the dopant type โ‡ has extremely high transparency with respect to wavelength because the dopant size is on the order of several A, but has a problem with heat resistance.
  • the distribution of dopants fluctuates and the refractive index distribution is liable to change, and the refractive index distribution has poor resistance.
  • the reason for this is that the glass transition point of the core material decreases due to the plasticizing effect of the dopant.
  • the glass transition point of PMMA used for conventional POF is 105 ยฐ Cim, but the addition of dopant lowers the glass transition point to around room temperature.
  • benzyl benzoate, n-butyl benzyl phthalate, benzyl salicylate, bromobenzene, benzyl phenyl ether, diphenyl phthalate, diphenyl methane, diphenyl ether, diphenyl, diphenyl sulfide, phenyl benzoate, phosphate Refenyl and tricresyl phosphate are known as GI-type POF dopants.
  • diphenyl sulfide is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-142,657 as a dopant which achieves both the โ‡ M effect and a high refractive index.
  • the heat resistance cannot be sufficiently satisfied. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an aromatic sulfide compound useful for an optical material. More specifically, it is intended to share a dopant type GI type P 0 F with improved heat resistance.
  • the present inventors have been keen to solve the above-mentioned problem and have a specific structure.
  • an aromatic sulfide compound as a dopant for an optical material, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the glass transition point of the core material, to improve heat resistance, and to be used in an atmosphere higher than a certain temperature.
  • the present invention was completed, and the present invention was completed.
  • n represents an integer of 2 to 12
  • k represents an integer of 1 to n.
  • A represents an n-valent carbocyclic aromatic ring or heterocyclic aromatic ring which may have a substituent
  • B 1 to B n each independently represent a carbocyclic aromatic group or a heterocyclic aromatic group which may have a substituent.
  • n is an integer of 2 to 4
  • A is a heterocyclic heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent.
  • B 1 to B n each independently have a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a pyrimidyl group which may have a substituent, and a substituent.
  • Optionally substituted naphthyl group, optionally substituted phenyl group, optionally substituted benzothiazolyl group, optionally substituted benzoxazolyl group, substituted benzothiazolyl group The optical material according to [2], which is a thiadiazolyl group which may be substituted, or a thiazolyl group which may have a substituent.
  • A represents a thiophene ring which may have a substituent, a 1,1-dioxide ring which may have a substituent, or a substituent.
  • Bโ€ฒB each independently represents a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a pyrimidyl group which may have a substituent, hand Optionally substituted naphthyl group, optionally substituted phenyl group, optionally substituted benzothiazolyl group, optionally substituted benzothiazolyl group, optionally substituted benzothiazolyl group, optionally substituted benzothiazolyl group,
  • the optical material according to [4] which is any one of a thiadiazolyl group which may be substituted, and a thiazolyl group which may have a substituent.
  • A is a substituted phenyl ring which may have a substituent, a triazine ring which may have a substituent, and a pyrimidine which may have a substituent.
  • B 1 to B n each independently represent a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a pyrimidyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent.
  • the optical material according to [6] which is any one of a thiadiazolyl group which may be substituted, and a thiazolyl group which may have a substituent.
  • A represents any one of a thiene phen ring which may have a substituent and a cheno [3,2-b] thiophen ring which may have a substituent.
  • B 1 to B n each independently represent a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a pyrimidyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent.
  • each of B 1 to B n independently represents a phenyl group which may have a substituent, or a pyrimidyl group which may have a substituent.
  • a naphthyl group which may have a substituent, a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a benzothiazolyl group which may have a substituent, and a benzoxazolyl group which may have a substituent The optical material according to [10], which is any of a thiadiazolyl group which may have a substituent, and a thiazolyl group which may have a substituent.
  • A is a benzene ring optionally having a substituent, a naphthalene ring optionally having a substituent, a fluorene ring optionally having a substituent,
  • B 1 to B n each independently represent a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a pyrimidyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent.
  • the optical material according to [12] which is any of a thiadiazolyl group which may have a thiazolyl group which may have a substituent
  • A is a trivalent carbocyclic ring selected from a benzene ring which may have a substituent and a fluorene ring which may have a substituent.
  • B 1 to B n each independently represent a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a pyrimidyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent.
  • A is a tetravalent carbon ring selected from a benzene ring which may have a substituent and a biphenyl which may have a substituent.
  • B 1 to B n each independently represent a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a pyrimidyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent.
  • Naphthyl group which may have, phenyl group which may have a substituent, benzothiazolyl group which may have a substituent, benzoxazolyl group which may have a substituent, Which may have a thiadiazolyl group or a substituent The optical material according to [16], which is any of a thiazolyl group,
  • optical material according to any one of [1] to [17], wherein the optical material is a polymer optical fiber;
  • [21] is an aromatic sulfide compound represented by the general formula (1a),
  • k represents an integer of "! -2.โ€
  • A is a benzene ring which may be substituted, a naphthalene ring which may be substituted, a fluorene ring which may be substituted, a biphenyl which may have a substituent, and which may be substituted 1-year-old phenyl ring, optionally substituted 1-year-old oxide, 1-year-old oxide ring, optionally substituted 1-year-old phenthiadiazole ring, and optionally substituted cheno [ 3, 2โ€”b] divalent carbocyclic aromatic rings selected from thiene phen rings, triazine rings optionally having substituents, pyrimidine rings optionally having substituents, or Represents a heterocyclic aromatic ring,
  • B 1 and B 2 are each independently a phenyl group which may be substituted, a pyrimidyl group which may be substituted, a naphthyl group which may be substituted, a phenyl group which may be substituted, or a substituted phenyl group; Benzothiazolyl group, optionally substituted benzoxazolyl group, optionally substituted thiadiazolyl group, optionally substituted thiazolyl group, a carbocyclic aromatic or heterocyclic aromatic group Represents a group. ]
  • k represents an integer of 1 to 3.
  • A is an optionally substituted benzene ring, an optionally substituted fluorene ring, Represents a trivalent carbocyclic aromatic ring or heterocyclic aromatic ring selected from an optionally substituted thiene ring, an optionally substituted triazine ring, and an optionally substituted pyrimidine ring.
  • B โ‡ BB 3 are each independently, optionally substituted Hue group, may be substituted pyrimidyl group, optionally substituted naphthyl group, an thienyl group which may be substituted, substituted Carbocyclic aromatic or heterocyclic ring selected from an optionally substituted benzothiazolyl group, an optionally substituted benzoxazolyl group, an optionally substituted thiadiazolyl group, and an optionally substituted thiazolyl group Shikiyoshi represents an aromatic group.
  • k represents an integer of 1 to 4.
  • A represents an optionally substituted benzene ring, an optionally substituted biphenyl ring, an optionally substituted thiophene ring, an optionally substituted cheno [3, 2-b] Represents a carbocyclic aromatic ring or a heterocyclic aromatic โ‡ selected from
  • B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B 4 are each independently a phenyl group which may be substituted, a pyrimidyl group which may be substituted, a naphthyl group which may be substituted, A carbon-type aromatic group selected from a good phenyl group, an optionally substituted benzothiazolyl group, an optionally substituted benzoxazolyl group, an optionally substituted thiaziazolyl group, and an optionally substituted thiazolyl group Or a heterocyclic aromatic group.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing a change in the refractive index of the spin coat film due to a change in the dopant concentration measured in Example 8 and Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the glass transition temperature and the refractive index measured in Example 15 and Comparative Example 2.
  • optical material of the present invention is the optical material of the present invention.
  • the optical material of the present invention is characterized by containing at least one aromatic sulfide compound represented by the general formula (1).
  • A represents an n-valent carbocyclic aromatic ring or heterocyclic aromatic ring which may have a substituent
  • B โ‡ to Bn each independently represent a carbocyclic aromatic group or a heterocyclic aromatic group which may have a substituent.
  • a heterocyclic aromatic ring is an aromatic ring composed of atoms of two or more elements.
  • the atoms of two or more elements include a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a phosphorus atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom.
  • it is composed of atoms of 2 to 5 elements, and more preferably, it is composed of atoms of 2 to 4 elements. Note that atoms other than carbon atoms are referred to as hetero atoms.
  • the heterocyclic aromatic ring is composed of a five-membered ring or a six-membered ring. It is preferably formed by condensing a single ring or 2 to 4 aromatic rings, and more preferably formed by condensing a single ring or 2 to 3 aromatic rings.
  • the number of carbon atoms contained in the heterocyclic aromatic ring is preferably from 4 to 14, more preferably from 4 to 11.
  • a five-membered ring containing one heteroatom represented by the general formula (2) may be mentioned.
  • Z โ‡ a furan ring
  • Z S
  • Examples include the pyrrole ring of NH. Among these, a thiene ring and a furan ring are preferable, and a thiene ring is more preferable.
  • Z is an indole ring of NH
  • Z is a benzofuran ring of 0
  • Z is a benzothiene phen ring.
  • a 5-membered compound represented by the general formula (5a) or ( 5b ) (the general formula (6a) or (6b) in which a benzene ring is condensed.
  • Z 2 0 is a benzoisoxazole ring
  • Five-membered rings containing three or more heteroatoms include n-triazole ring, s-triazolyl ring, 1,2,4-year-old oxadiazol ring, 1,3,5-year-old oxadiazole ring, 2,5โ€”thiaxadiazole ring, 1,2,4-thiadiazole ring, 1,3,5-thiadiazole ring, 1,2,5-thiadiazole ring, tetrazole ring .
  • a 1,3,5-thiaxadiazole ring and a 1,3,5-thiadiazol ring are preferable, and a 1,3,5-thiadiazol ring is more preferable.
  • a pyridine ring is an example of a six-membered ring containing one heteroatom. Further, a quinoline ring in which a benzene ring is condensed with a pyridine ring, and an isoquinoline ring are exemplified. Next, examples of the six-membered ring containing two hetero atoms include a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, and a pyrazine ring.
  • a in the general formula (1) may be a polycyclic system. Specifically, it is a polycyclic system in which a plurality of ring systems are one-dimensionally connected by one single bond as shown in the general formula (7).
  • Z represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
  • M represents an integer of 0 to 2. Of these, a yellow atom is preferred. Further, a preferred range of m is 0 or 1, and a more preferred range is 0.
  • the carbocyclic aromatic ring of A in the general formula (1) is a cyclic compound in which all atoms constituting the aromatic ring are carbon atoms.
  • Carbocyclic aromatic rings are composed of five-membered or six-membered rings. It is preferably formed by condensing a single ring or 2 to 5 aromatic rings, and more preferably formed by condensing a single ring or 2 to 4 aromatic rings.
  • the number of carbon atoms contained in the carbocyclic aromatic ring is preferably 6 to 22, and more preferably 6 to 18.
  • Such a carbocyclic aromatic ring include a condensed polycyclic aromatic ring.
  • examples include a pentalene ring, a phenalene ring, a triphenylene ring, a perylene ring, an indene ring, an azulene ring, a phenanthrene ring, pyrene, and picene.
  • acene-type aromatic rings are preferred.
  • Specific examples include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a naphthocene ring, and a pentacene ring.
  • a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring and an anthracene ring are more preferred, and a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring are more preferred.
  • a in the general formula (1) may be a polycyclic system. Specifically, it is a polycyclic system in which a plurality of ring systems are one-dimensionally connected by one single bond as shown in the general formula (8).
  • m is an integer of 0 to 2.
  • the preferred range of m is 0 or 1, and the more preferred range is 0.
  • a in the general formula (1) may have a structure represented by the general formula (9).
  • a dibenzothiene phen ring, a fluorene ring, a fluorene lenone ring and a dibenzothiene phensulfone ring are preferred, and a dibenzothiene phenene ring, a fluorene ring and a fulenelenone ring are more preferred.
  • the preferred structure of the carbocyclic aromatic ring or heterocyclic aromatic ring represented by A is the following structural formula. 0 ', 0
  • the heteroaromatic ring or carbocyclic aromatic ring represented by A in the general formula (1) may have a substituent.
  • substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group and a halogen atom.
  • an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable. Specifically, a linear group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, and an n-butyl group, and a branched group such as an isopropyl group, an s-butyl group, and a t-butyl group are preferable.
  • an alkoxy group an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable. Specifically, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, and an isopropoxy group are preferred.
  • halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
  • they are a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom.
  • substituents are determined in consideration of the melting point, compatibility with the polymer, and the like. When the compatibility with the polymer is poor, it is effective to introduce a bulky t-butyl group or the like.
  • B 1 to B n in the general formula (1) will be described.
  • B 1 to B n each independently represent a carbocyclic aromatic group or a heterocyclic aromatic group which may have a substituent.
  • an aromatic group is composed of atoms of two or more elements.
  • the atoms of two or more elements include a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a phosphorus atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom.
  • it is composed of atoms of 2 to 5 elements, and more preferably, it is composed of atoms of 2 to 4 elements. Note that atoms other than carbon atoms are referred to as hetero atoms.
  • the heterocyclic aromatic group is composed of a five-membered ring or a six-membered ring.
  • 1 to 4 aromatic rings are condensed, and more preferably, 1 to 3 aromatic rings are condensed if.
  • the number of carbon atoms contained in the heterocyclic aromatic group is preferably โ‡ 4 to "! 4, and more preferably 4 to 11.
  • a 5-membered ring containing one hetero atom represented by the general formula (10) can be given.
  • Z is a furyl group of 0, Z is a phenyl group of S, and Z is a pyrrolyl group of NH.
  • a phenyl group and a furyl group are preferred, and a phenyl group is more preferred.
  • Z is an indolyl group of NH
  • Z is a benzofuryl group of 20
  • Z is a benzothienyl group of S.
  • a benzophenyl group and a benzofuryl group are preferable, and a benzothienyl group is more preferable.
  • a 6-membered ring containing one heteroatom includes a pyridyl group.
  • a quinolyl group and an isoquinolyl group in which a benzene ring is condensed with a pyridyl group are exemplified.
  • Preferred is the pyridyl group.
  • examples of the six-membered ring containing two hetero atoms include a pyridazyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and a virazyl group.
  • a benzo [d] pyridazyl group, a benzo [c] pyridazyl group, a quinazolyl group, and a quinoxalinyl group in which a benzene ring is condensed to these six-membered rings are exemplified.
  • the carbocyclic aromatic group of B 1 to B n in the general formula (1) is a cyclic compound group in which all atoms constituting the aromatic ring are carbon atoms.
  • the carbocyclic aromatic group is composed of a five-membered ring or a six-membered ring. It is preferably formed by condensing a single ring or 2 to 5 aromatic rings, and more preferably formed by condensing a single ring or 2 to 4 aromatic rings.
  • the number of carbon atoms contained in the carbocyclic aromatic group is preferably from 6 to 22 and more preferably from 6 to 18.
  • Such a carbocyclic aromatic group include a condensed polycyclic aromatic group. Pennylenyl, phenenyl, triphenylenyl, perylenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, picenyl and the like. Among them, an acene type aromatic group is preferred. As a specific example, Examples thereof include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a naphthacenyl group, and a pentacenyl group. Of these, phenyl, naphthyl and anthracenyl groups are preferred, and phenyl and naphthyl groups are more preferred.
  • Preferred structures of B 1 to B n in the general formula (1) are the following structural formulas. Or they may all be different.
  • Beta carbocyclic aromatic group or heteroaromatic group represented by โ‡ โ‡ beta eta may be substituted.
  • substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a halogen atom.
  • an alkyl group having from "! To 4 carbon atoms is preferable.
  • a straight-chain alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an โ‡ -propyl group, an โ‡ -butyl group, an isopropyl group, A branched s-butyl or t-butyl group is preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-butyl group, and a t-butyl group are particularly preferable.
  • an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable. Specifically, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, and an isopropoxy group are preferred, and a methoxy group is particularly preferred.
  • halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
  • a fluorine atom Preferably it is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, particularly preferably a fluorine atom.
  • substituents are determined in consideration of the melting point, compatibility with the polymer, and the like. When the compatibility with the polymer is poor, it is effective to introduce a bulky t-butyl group or the like. In the case of a straight-chain alkyl group, a methyl position is more preferable than a nora position in order to introduce a methyl group into an asymmetric position, for example, a phenyl group.
  • n represents an integer of 2 to 12.
  • n is determined by the molecular structure of A, and is not particularly limited. In the case of an A-force heteroaromatic ring, the preferred range of n is 2 to 6, and the more preferred range is 2 to 4. Further, when A is a carbocyclic aromatic ring, the preferred range of n is 2 to 10, and the more preferred range is 2 to 6.
  • k represents an integer of โ€œ! To n.
  • the optical material using the aromatic sulfide compound according to the present invention can also be used as an anti-reflection film by forming a laminated film in combination with a material such as a lens or an optical filter or a material having a refractive index.
  • a material such as a lens or an optical filter or a material having a refractive index.
  • Such an optical component is classified into a case where the transparent polymer and the dopant are uniformly dispersed and a case where the transparent polymer and the dopant have a distribution.
  • application to an array lens used in combination with the GI type P0F is preferable.
  • a known molding method such as an injection molding method, a compression molding method, a micromold method, a floating mold method, a low-links method, and a casting method can be used.
  • the mixture may be poured into a mold, and the final polymerization may be performed to obtain a molded product, and at the same time, the optical material according to the present invention may be manufactured.
  • a sample for molding can be obtained by blending a compound with a thermosetting resin in the injection molding method: โ‡ and stirring the mixture until it becomes uniform. This can be achieved by adding a dopant to the UV-curable monomer and halving the mixture until it becomes uniform.
  • M g F 2 , S i O Such as inorganic compounds such as silane coupling agents on the surface of molded products, and vinyl monomers, melamine resins, and epoxy resins.
  • inorganic compounds such as silane coupling agents on the surface of molded products, and vinyl monomers, melamine resins, and epoxy resins.
  • the aromatic sulfide compound of the present invention is used as such an application, it is generally used as a high-refractive-index compound, and thus the refractive index is in the range of 1.6 to 2.0. And more preferably in the range of 1.63 to 1.90.
  • These high refractive index dopants may be contained alone in the core portion, or a plurality of them may be contained in the core portion, or other known dopants may be contained in the core portion. And one or more of these may be included in the core portion.
  • the content of the high refractive index dopant contained in the core portion of P 0 F is not particularly limited as long as the refractive index distribution desired by Togano is obtained and the target of the finer is not impaired.
  • the high-refractive-index dopant is added to the heavy monomer constituting the core when the POF material is produced by polymerization, and the high-refractive-index dopant is mixed with the high-refractive-index dopant. Contained in the core of the POF material produced by conducting the polymerization reaction.
  • the content of the high refractive index dopant in the core portion of the POF is preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, and even more preferably 45% by mass or less.
  • the molecular volume of the high-refractive-index dopant compound used in the P 0 F of the present invention is determined by the combination of the core POF material used and the monomer, and is not particularly limited. Absent. Considering that minute the product of main evening methyl acrylic acid used in the conventional POF is about 1 0 1 A 3, when using methyl methacrylate as a core part preform monomer, 1 0 0 5 0 0 range is it is good Mashiku of, and more preferably in the range of 1 5 0 to 4 0 OA 3.
  • the aromatic sulfide compound of the present invention can be obtained by reacting a halogen compound with a thiol compound under a base.
  • the aromatic sulfide compound contained in the POF of the present invention can be obtained by reacting a dihalogen compound with a thiocyanate compound in the presence of a base.
  • the dihalogen used in the reaction can be easily obtained by halogenating the target aromatic compound.
  • the chiral compound used in the reaction is, for example, a nucleophilic substitution reaction between a diazodium salt and an sulfide as described in Can. J. Chem., 53, 1480 (1975). Can be obtained easily.
  • the total amount of the thiol compound used is 2 to 5 moles, preferably 2 to 3 moles, based on the dihalogen compound.
  • the base used in the present invention for example, sodium hydroxide, sodium oxide such as 7k oxidizing rim, sodium carbonate, carbonate such as sodium carbonyl, trimethylamine, triethylamine, etc. And tertiary amines such as tripropylamine, triptylamine, โ‡ , dimethylaniline, etc., sodium alcohol such as sodium methacrylate and potassium tert-butyrate, and the like. Preferred are metal alcohols such as sodium methylate and sodium methylate.
  • the amount of the base used is 2 to 5 moles, preferably 2 to 3 moles, per mole of the dihalogen.
  • the reaction temperature is in the range of 100 to 200 ยฐ C, preferably in the range of 130 to 180 ยฐ C.
  • Byproducts increase when reaction temperature exceeds 18 CTC! And the yield of the target aromatic sulfide compound is reduced.
  • the reaction is lower than 1 oo ยฐ c, the reaction speed is low and not practical.
  • a polar organic solvent examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-propyl-12-pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide and the like.
  • the above method is an example of a method for producing an aromatic sulfide compound used as a high-refractive-index dopant in the present invention, and the aromatic sulfide compound used as a high-refractive-index dopant in the present invention is obtained by the following method. It is not limited to the method obtained only by the method โ‡ ). .
  • the POF material of the present invention is composed of a core portion and a clad portion having a lower refractive index than the central portion of the core portion.
  • the double strand constituting the core of the POF of the present invention can be used without any particular limitation as long as it can form a transparent polymer.
  • the double strands constituting the cladding portion of the POF of the present invention can form a transparent polymer.
  • polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyacrylonitrile (PC), methacrylic acid, or a transparent copolymer of methyl methacrylate and another monomer is used.
  • monofunctional (meth) acrylates, fluorinated alkyl (meth) acrylates, and acrylic monomers such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid can be used.
  • the POF of the present invention can be produced by a known method, but is generally produced by two methods exemplified below. One is a method of thermally drawing a fiber from a preform (base material), and the other is a method of continuously forming a fiber without passing through a preform.
  • the optical material before being spun into a polymer optical fiber is defined as a POF preform.
  • a polymerizable solution is prepared by dissolving a double tube of a hollow tube in a hollow of a polymer hollow tube prepared in advance and dispersing a non-polymerizable low-molecular compound.
  • a monomer mixture containing a monomer component, a polymerization initiator, and a molecular weight modifier), and the monomer is polymerized from the outside by heating or light irradiation from the outside to obtain a rod-shaped preform. This is a method of stretching by heating to a desired diameter.
  • the polymer hollow tube may be formed from the same monomer mixture as that filled in the hollow portion except that it does not contain a non-polymerizable low-molecular compound, and may be a main component thereof. If the monomers are the same, they may be formed from different monomer mixtures.
  • a usual radical chain transfer agent such as a mercaptan such as n-butyl mercaptan is used.
  • azobis Usual radical polymerization methods such as azotization of soptyronitrile and the like and peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide are used.
  • about 40 such as benzoyl peroxide and lauroyl peroxide.
  • the so-called medium temperature opening which effectively generates radicals at C to about 100 ยฐ C can be suitably used. Therefore, the polymerization reaction conditions using such a medium temperature initiator are preferably about 40. C to about 100 ยฐ C.
  • the polymerization reaction 3 โ‡ 4Jg is adjusted so that cracks and the like do not occur in the polymer during or after the polymerization reaction due to the heat of reaction or expansion and contraction due to the reaction itself, and that the monomer does not boil during the reaction due to the heat of reaction.
  • This can be adjusted by a combination of polymerization and open concentration.
  • the amount of the initiator to be added to the radical polymerization reaction is about 0.001 to 10% by mass with respect to the entire system with respect to the conditions of the initiation of the polymerization reaction at about 40 ยฐ C. to about 100 ยฐ C., and further, May be about 0.01 to 0.3% by mass.
  • bulk polymerization using light energy can be used.
  • the polymerization reaction rate can be adjusted by a combination of the input energy amount such as the temperature and the open concentration.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the polymer constituting the core part and the clad part of the POF base material is 10 0, 0 00 or more, 3 0 0, 0 0 0 or less. โ‡ Further, it is preferably 30 0 0 0 0 It is preferable that it is not less than 0000 and not more than 200, 000.
  • the manufacturing equipment used to produce the core or cladding must be capable of rotating the POF base material and controlling the temperature. Any device having a heating means having the above function can be suitably used in the present invention regardless of the form.
  • a function capable of sealing both ends is provided. It is preferable to be done.
  • a low polymerization degree polymer containing a non-polymerizable compound and a high polymerization degree polymer not containing a non-polymerizable compound are not used. It is also possible to adopt a method in which the union is placed outside and the composite spinning is performed, and the non-polymerizable conjugated product inside is subjected to carothermal diffusion.
  • a coating layer (jacket layer) can be provided on the outer periphery of the GI type POF thus manufactured.
  • the coating layer can have a multilayer structure of two or more layers.
  • Known materials such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, Takara polyethylene, polyolefin elastomer, polyurethane, nylon resin, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer can be used for the coating layer (jacket layer).
  • the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples.
  • Examples 1 to 7 show synthesis examples of the aromatic sulfide compound โ‡ / according to the present invention.
  • the glass transition temperature of the optical material of the present invention was measured at a temperature rise of 10 ยฐ C./min using a DSC manufactured by Max Science.
  • Examples 16 to 21 show the performance of POF using the aromatic sulfide according to the present invention as an optical component.
  • the refractive index distribution was measured by a known method using an Interfaco interference microscope manufactured by Carl Zeiss.
  • Optical transmission loss was measured by the cutback method using He-Ne laser light (wavelength 633 nm).
  • 2,5โ€”jib-mouth motifen 12.10 g (0.05 Omo 1), titanium phenol 12.12 g (0.110 mo 1), copper oxide (I) 3.58 g (0.025 mo 1) was placed in 100 ml of pyridine / quinoline (1/4) and refluxed at 160 ยฐ C. for 42 hours.
  • the reaction solution was treated with 6N hydrochloric acid and extracted with toluene.
  • the organic layer was taken out and the solvent was removed by an evaporator to obtain a pale yellow liquid.
  • the target product was obtained by recrystallizing the obtained liquid from ethanol. Yield: 10.1 g (67.0% yield) o Melting point: 47-48 ยฐ Co
  • Example 7 Synthesis of 1,3,5-tris (phenylthio) triazine
  • 16.58 g of thienylphenol was added. 0.150mo)
  • 9.90 g (0.176m โ‡ โ‡ ) of potassium iodide, and 180ml of dehydrated DM were charged, and the mixture was heated at 80 ยฐ C for 2B.
  • 9.22 g (0.050 mol) of cyanuric chloride was added to this reaction solution, and the mixture was refluxed at a reaction temperature of 120 ยฐ C for 3 fl and at a temperature of 40 ยฐ C for 9B.
  • composition ratio dependency of the refractive index was measured in the same manner as in Example 8, and the refractive index of the compound of the present invention was calculated by extrapolating a straight line.
  • the results are shown in Table 1 below. All compounds were found to have a higher refractive index than diphenyl sulfide.
  • the glass transition temperature of a film in which diphenyl sulfide was dispersed in PMMA was measured in the same manner as in Example 15. The results are shown in FIG.
  • a glass tube with a length of 500 mm and an inner diameter of 18 mm held horizontally 112 g of methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a monomer, 0.56 g of benzoylperoxide as a polymerization initiator, and n-butyl mercap as a chain transfer agent
  • MMA methyl methacrylate
  • benzoylperoxide as a polymerization initiator
  • n-butyl mercap as a chain transfer agent
  • this PMMA hollow tube was sealed, and 48 g of MMA, 12 g of a high-refractive-index compound shown below, 54 liters of di-tert. Fill with 160 liters of lauryl mercaptan, seal the other end, hold horizontally, rotate at 10 rpm for 24 hours at 95 ยฐ C, then stop rotating 1 hour at 10 ยฐ C for 48 hours
  • the rod with an outer diameter of 18 mm is lg 0
  • This rod is mounted vertically on a rod feeder, and is heated and melted in a cylindrical heating furnace at 220 ยฐ C, is taken up at a constant speed, is melt-spun by winding up, and has a diameter of 0.
  • a 75 mm optical fiber was obtained.
  • the refractive index distribution of the fiber cross section of the obtained optical fiber was measured, the refractive index was continuously reduced from the center to the outside.
  • the transmission loss was 17.8 dB at a wavelength of 650 nm and the transmission band was 3.4 GHz, indicating that the optical fiber has good performance as a refractive index distribution type POF.
  • the obtained optical fiber was placed in a storage chamber at 85 ยฐ C and subjected to a calorific heat test. The refractive index distribution after 3000 hours was measured, and the initial refractive index distribution was maintained.
  • this PMMA hollow tube was filled with 48 g of MMA, 12 g of a high-refractive index compound shown below, and di-t-butyrino as a polymerization initiator. Filled with 54 โ‡ l of oxide and 160 liters of โ‡ -lauryl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, sealed the other end, kept flat at 7k, heated at 95 ยฐ C while rotating at 10 rpm and heated at 24 ยฐ C for 24B. Thereafter, the rotation was stopped, and the mixture was heated at 110 ยฐ C. for 48 hours and polymerized to obtain a rod having an outer diameter of 18 mm.
  • This rod was mounted vertically on a rod feed device, and was heated and melted in a cylindrical heating furnace at 220 ยฐ C, bowed at a constant speed, and melted and spun by winding to obtain an optical fiber with a diameter of 0.75 mm). .
  • the refractive index distribution of the fino section of the obtained optical fiber was measured, it was found that the refractive index gradually decreased from the center to the outside.
  • the transmission loss was 15.3 dB at a wavelength of 65 Onm
  • the transmission band was 3.1 GHz, and good performance as a graded-index plastic optical fiber was obtained.
  • the PMMA hollow tube had MMA of 48 g, the high refractive index dopant shown below, and a polymerization initiator of 12 g.
  • G-t-butyirno โ‡ ยฐ 54 liters of n-lauryl mercapone as a chain transfer agent is filled with 160 โ‡ l of a chain transfer agent, one end is sealed, then held horizontally, and rotated at 10 ยฐ at 95 ยฐ 10 For 24 hours, then stopped the rotation and heated at 110 ยฐ C for 48 hours to polymerize to obtain a load having an outer diameter of 17.6 mm.
  • This rod is mounted vertically on a rod feeder, and is heated and melted in a cylindrical heating furnace at 220 ยฐ C, and is bowed at a constant speed, and is melt-spun by winding up to obtain a 0.75 mm diameter optical fiber. Obtained.
  • the refractive index distribution of the fino section of the obtained optical fiber was measured, it was found that the refractive index gradually decreased from the center to the outside.
  • the transmission loss was 14.58, โ‡ 3 โ‡ 4 band or 2.3 GHz at a wavelength of 65 Onm, which was good as a refractive index distributed plastic optical fiber. Performance.
  • the obtained optical fiber was placed in an oven at 85 ยฐ C, and a heating St test was performed. When the refractive index distribution was measured after 3000 hours, the initial refractive index distribution was maintained.
  • this PMMA hollow tube was filled with 48 g of MMA, 12 g of a high-refractive-index dopant shown below, and di-t-butyl benzene as a polymerization initiator. Little, filled with n-laurylmercaptan 160 / litre as a chain transfer agent, sealed the other end, kept horizontal, rotated at 10 rpm for 24 hours at 95 ยฐ C, then stopped rotating 1 The mixture was heated at 10 ยฐ C for 48 hours and polymerized to obtain a load of 18 mm in outer diameter.
  • This rod is mounted vertically on a rod feeder, and is heated and melted in a cylindrical heating furnace at 220 ยฐ C, and is taken out with a constant 3 โ‡ 4 โ‡ bow I and then melted and spun to form an optical fiber with a diameter of 0.75 mm. Obtained.
  • the refractive index distribution of the fiber cross section of the obtained optical fiber was measured, the refractive index was continuously reduced from the center to the outside.
  • the transmission characteristics of the obtained optical fiber were evaluated at a length of 100 m, the loss was 17.8 dB at a wavelength of 650 nm and the transmission band was 3.5 GHz, indicating good performance as a refractive index distribution type POF.
  • the obtained optical fiber was placed in an oven at 85 ยฐ C and subjected to a calo-heat test. The refractive index distribution after 3000 hours was measured, and the initial refractive index distribution was maintained.
  • This rod is mounted vertically on a rod feeder, and is heated and melted in a cylindrical heating furnace at 220 ยฐ C while being bowed at a constant speed and melt-spun by winding up to obtain an optical finof 0.75 mm in diameter. Pita.
  • the refractive index distribution of the fiber cross section of the obtained optical fiber was measured, it was found that the refractive index gradually decreased from the center to the outside.
  • the characteristics of the obtained optical fiber at 1 OOm length were evaluated by iffi.As a result, the transmission loss was 16.2 dB at a wavelength of 650 nm and the transmission bandwidth power was 3.1 GHz. It had good performance as a plastic optical fiber.
  • the obtained optical fiber was placed in an oven at 85 ยฐ C and subjected to a force [] heat test. The refractive index distribution after 3000 hours was measured, and the initial refractive index distribution was maintained.
  • the optical material of the present invention can increase the refractive index more efficiently than conventionally known dopants, has a small effect, has excellent heat resistance, and improves the reliability as an optical material. .
  • the GI type P0F which is a kind of optical component of the present invention, is superior in heat resistance stability of the refractive index distribution as compared with conventional ones, and has improved reliability of transmission characteristics as an optical fiber. It is.
  • the P0F of the present invention can be used for a long period of time even in fields requiring heat resistance, such as automobile engines, which cannot be used in the conventional P0F.

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Description

ๆ˜Ž ็ดฐ ๆ›ธ
่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ๅŠใณๅ…‰ๅญฆ้ƒจๅ“
ใชใ‚‰ใณใซ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๆŠ€่ก“ๅˆ†้‡Ž
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฏใ€ ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ๅŠใณๅ…‰ๅญฆ้ƒจๅ“ใชใ‚‰ใณใซ่Šณ ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซ้–ขใ—ใ€็‰นใซใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่ƒŒๆ™ฏๆŠ€่ก“
ๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใฏไปฅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚นใงใ‚ใคใŸใŒใ€่ฟ‘ๅนด้€ๆ˜Žๆ€งใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผๆๆ–™ใŒๆ™ฎๅŠใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚็‰นใซใ€ๅ…‰ๅญฆใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ€ๅ…‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ‚ฏใ€ๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ใ€ใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ€ๅ…‰ๅฐŽๆณข่ทฏใ€ ๅ…‰ใ‚นใ‚คใƒƒใƒใ€ ๅ…‰ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒฌใƒณใ‚บ็ญ‰ใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅ…‰ๅญฆ็”จใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผ ๆๆ–™ใฏใ€้€ๆ˜ŽๅŒ–ใ€้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅŒ–ใ€ไฝŽๅˆ†ๆ•ฃๅŒ–ใ€ ๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅŒ–ใ€้ซ˜่€็†ฑใ‚ฃๅŒ•ใชใฉใจ้ซ˜ๆฉŸ่ƒฝ ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠใ—ใ€ ้€ฒๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใใŸใ€‚ ใใฎไธญใงใ‚‚ใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ ๏ผˆP O F ) ใฏใ€ L A N (local area network)ใ€ I S D N (integrated service dig tal networK ) ็ญ‰ใฎๆฌกไธ–ไปฃ้€š iSf็ฝ”ๆง‹ๆƒณใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ้‡่ฆๆ€งใŒๅข—ๅคงใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
P O Fใฏใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใชใ‚‰ใณใซใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ…ใƒ‰้ƒจใ‚ซๆดชใซใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ็Ÿณ่‹ฑ ๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒŽ ไธ€ใซๆฏ”ในใฆๅŠ ๅทฅใ‚„ๅ–ใ‚Šๆ‰ฑใ„ใŒๅฎนๆ˜“ใงใ€ๆๆ–™ใŒไฝŽใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไผ _้€ๆๅคฑใŒๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซๅ•้กŒใซใ•ใ‚Œใชใ— \ ใซ็Ÿญ่ท้›ขใฎ ยพฮฏไบ‘้€่ทฏใจใ—ใฆๅคš็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใ‚‹ ฮฟ
ฮก็š†ๆฎต็ŠถใซๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นๅž‹๏ผˆ3 1ๅž‹๏ผ‰ ใฎ 0 ใŒ 5 0 m็จ‹ๅบฆใฎ็Ÿญ่ท้›ขไผ้€็”จใจใ—ใฆๆ—ขใซๅฎŸ็”จๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ไผ้€ๅฎน้‡ใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใŸ ใ‚ใซๅ…‰้€šไฟก็”จ้€”ใซใฏ้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ ๅŠๅพ„ๆ–นๅ‘ใซๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใŒๅค‰ใ‚ฃๅŒ• ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฐใƒฌใ‚คใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นๅž‹ ๏ผˆG Iๅž‹๏ผ‰ ใฎ P O Fใฏ S Iๅž‹ใซๆฏ”ในใฆไผ้€ๅฎน้‡ ใŒๅคงใใ„ใฎใงๅ…‰้€šไฟก็”จ้€”ใซ้ฉใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใŒๆป‘ใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใƒ•ใ‚ก ใ‚ฃใƒใƒผใฎไผ้€ๅฎน้‡ใŒๅคงใใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
G Iๅž‹ P O Fใฎไฝœ่ฃฝๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆใฏไบŒใคใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ€ใคใฏใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐ W093 /08488ๅทใซ้–‹็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณใƒˆใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใงใ€ ใƒžใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚น็”จใฎใƒใƒชใƒž ไธ€ใซใ€ ๅฝ“่ฉฒใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅๅฟœๆ€งใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใชใ„ไฝŽๅˆ†ๅญใ‚ฃๅŒ•ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆทปใ‚ซใƒญใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎไฝŽๅˆ† ๅญๅŒ–^]ใฎๆ‹กๆ•ฃใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆฟƒๅบฆๅ‹พ้…ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไป–ๆ–นใฏใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 5- 173025ๅทใ‚ƒ็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 5- 173026ๅทใซ้–‹็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…ฑ้‡ๅˆใ‚ฟใ‚ฃใƒ—ใงใ€ ไบŒ็จฎ้กžใฎใƒขใƒŽใƒžไธ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฑ้‡ๅˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹้š›ใซใ€ไธกใƒขใƒŽใƒžใƒผใฎๅๅฟœๆ€งๆฏ”ใฎ็›ธ้•ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆ ๆฟƒๅบฆๅ‹พ้…ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅ…ฑ้‡ๅˆๅค•ใ‚ฃใƒ—ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ๅ…ฑ้‡ๅˆ็นŠใฎ้•ใ„ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใƒŸใ‚ฏใƒญใชไธๅ‡ไธ€ๆง‹้€ ใฎ็™บ็”Ÿ ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใŒใŸใใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใซ่ตทๅ› ใ™ใ‚‹้€ๆ˜Žๆ€งใฎๅ•้กŒใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็พ็Šถใงๅฏ ่ƒฝใช ฮฏ^ฮ™่ท้›ขใฏ 50m ใซ็•™ใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎถๅบญๅ†… L A ใชใฉใง่ฆๆฑ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไผ้€่ท้›ขใ‚’ๅ ๅˆ†ใซๆบ€่ถณใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ€‚ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ^^ใซใฏใ€ ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณ ๅœใฎๅคงใใ•ใŒๆ•ฐ Aใ‚ชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงๆณข้•ทใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆฅตใ‚ใฆ้€ๆ˜Žๆ€งใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ใŒใ€่€็†ฑ ๆ€งใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆธฉๅบฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้ซ˜ๆธฉ้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ไธ‹ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใฎๅˆ†ๅธƒ ใซๅค‰ๅ‹•ใ—ใ‚ƒใ™ใใชใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎใŸใ‚ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ๆ˜“ใๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใฎ่€! ^ๅฎšๆ€ง ใซๅŠฃใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅ•้กŒ็‚นใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใฏใ€ ใƒ‰ไธ€ใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๅฏๅก‘ๅŠนๆžœใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ณใ‚ขๆๆ–™ใฎใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น่ปข็งป็‚นใŒไฝŽไธ‹ ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅพ“ๆฅใฎ P O Fใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ P MM Aใฎใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚นๅนธไบ‘็งป็‚นใฏ 1 0 5ยฐc imใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น่ปข็งป็‚นใŒๅฎคๆธฉไป˜่ฟ‘ใพใงไฝŽไธ‹ใ— ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€‚ไพ‹ใˆใฐๅฎ‰ๆฏ้ฆ™้…ธใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒซ้…ธในใƒณใ‚ธใƒซ nโ€”ใƒ—ใƒใƒซใ€ใ‚ตใƒชใƒใƒซ้…ธ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซใ€ ใƒ–ใƒญใƒขใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚จใƒผใƒ†ใƒซใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒซ้…ธใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ€ ใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใƒกใ‚ฟใƒณใ€ ใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใ‚จใƒผใƒ†ใƒซใ€ ใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ€ ใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒšใƒณใ‚พใ‚จใƒผๅœใ€ ใƒชใƒณ้…ธๅœใƒชใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ€ ใƒชใƒณ้…ธๅœใƒชใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ทใƒซใชใฉใŒ G Iๅž‹ P O Fใฎใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ใŒ^ MๅŠนๆžœใจ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅŒ–ใ‚’ไธก็ซ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใจใ—ใฆ็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 1 1ไธ€ 1 4 2 6 5 7ใซ้–‹็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ‚‚่€็†ฑๆ€งใ‚’ๅๅˆ†ใซ ๆบ€่ถณใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅ‡บๆฅใชใ‹ใคใŸใ€‚ ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ้–‹็คบ
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฏไธŠ่จ˜ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’่ƒŒๆ™ฏใซใชใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใซๆœ‰็”จใช่Šณ้ฆ™็Ÿฃใ‚น ใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ฎ็š„ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใใฏใ€่€็†ฑๆ€งใฎๆ”น ๅ–„ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ G Iๅž‹ P 0 Fใ‚’ Kๅ…ฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž่€…ใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅ‰่จ˜ใ—ใŸๅ•้กŒ็‚นใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้‹ญๆ„ใ—ใ€็‰นๅฎšๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹่Šณ ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใฎใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณใƒˆใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ณใ‚ขๆ ๆ–™ใฎใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น่ปข็งป็‚นๅŠ› ยพไธ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŠ‘ๅˆถใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€่€็†ฑๆ€งใŒๆ”นๅ–„ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ใ‚ ใ‚‹ๆธฉๅบฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้ซ˜ๆธฉ้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ไธ‹ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ™ใชใ‚ใกใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฏใ€
[ 1 ] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 1็จฎๅซๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใชใ‚‹ๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
Figure imgf000005_0001
[ๅผไธญใ€ nใฏ 2ใ€œ1 2ใฎ ใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€ kใฏ 1ใ€œnใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
Aใฏใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€ nไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€
B1ใ€œBnใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™็ŸฃๅŸบ ใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ]
[ 2 ] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ nใŒ 2ใ€œ4ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅŠ›ใค Aใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณๆˆช็Ÿฃ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [ 1 ]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[ 3ใ€• ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซ ๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ ใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ— \ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [ 2 ]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[ 4 ] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Aใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎ ๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณไธ€ 1 , 1ใƒผใ‚ธใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ‰็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒŽ [ 3 , 2โ€” b ] ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๅœใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2ไพกใฎ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [ 2 ]่จ˜ ่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[ 5 ] โ€”่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B ' B"ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซ ๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ ใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [ 4 ]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[ 6 ] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ AใŒ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎ ๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๅœใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณๅŸบ ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 3ไพกใฎ่ค‡็ด ็’Ÿๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [ 2 ]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[ 7 ] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซ ๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ ใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [ 6 ]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[ 8 ] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Aใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎ ๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒŽ [ 3๏ผŒ 2 - b ]ใƒใ‚ฉใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œ ใ‚‹ 4ไพกใฎ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [ 2 ]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[ 9 ] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B 1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซ ๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ ใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [ 8 ]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[ 1 0 ] โ€”่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ nใŒ 2ใ€œ6ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‹ใค AใŒ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [ 1 ]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€ [ 1 1 ] โ€”่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [ 1 0 ]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[1 2] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ AใŒ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎ ๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ“ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซ็’ฐใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2ไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [10]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[1 3] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [1 2]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[1 4] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ AใŒ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎ ๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 3ไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ ้ฆ™ ยพ็Ÿฃ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [10]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[1 5] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [1 4]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[1 6] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ AใŒ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎ ๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ“ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซ็’Ÿใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 4ไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ ้ฆ™ ยพ็Ÿฃ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [10]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[1 7] โ€”่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [1 6]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็Ž‡ใŸใ€
[1 8] ๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใŒใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒโ€”ๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [1ใ€—ใ€œ[17]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆ ๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[1 9] ๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใŒใƒใƒชใƒžโ€”ๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒโ€”ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [1๏ผ›]ใ€œ [17]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[20] ใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ใŒ G Iๅž‹ใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ [1 7]่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
[21 ] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 a) ใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–^ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
A-(-S-Bใค
Figure imgf000008_0001
(1a)
[ๅผไธญใ€ kใฏ"!ใ€œ 2ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
Aใฏใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ“ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซ็’Ÿใ€็ฝฎ ๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณไธ€ 1๏ผŒ 1ใƒผใ‚ธๆ‰ ใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ‰็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒŽ [3, 2โ€” b]ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๅœใƒชใ‚ข ใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2ไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€
B1ใ€ B2ใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ–น็Ÿฃ ๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ]
[22] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 b) ใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใพใŸใ€
A- -S-Bใค
Figure imgf000008_0002
(1b)
[ๅผไธญใ€ kใฏ 1ใ€œ3ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
Aใฏใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๅœใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ› ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 3ไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด  ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€
B\ B B3ใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ• ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ› ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ]
[ 2 3 ] ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 c ) ใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
A-(-S-B k )4 (1c)
[ๅผไธญใ€ kใฏ 1ใ€œ 4ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
Aใฏใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ“ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ฉใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒŽ [ 3 , 2 - b ] ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’Ÿใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€
B1ใ€ B2ใ€ B3ใ€ B4ใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎ ๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ็’Ÿๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐ ๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ] ๅ›ณ้ขใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใช่ชฌๆ˜Ž
ๅ›ณ 1ใฏใ€ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 8ๅŠใณๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ 1ใงๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณใƒˆๆฟƒๅบฆใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒณ ใ‚ณใƒผๅœ่†œใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅ›ณ 2ใฏใ€ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 5ๅŠใณๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ 2ใงๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น่ปข็งปๆธฉๅบฆใจๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็™บๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๅฝขๆ…‹
ไปฅไธ‹ใซใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใ‚’่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใฏใ€
( a )้€ๆ˜Žๆ€งใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผ
( b )่Šณ้ฆ™ ยพ็Ÿฃใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ
ใŒๅซๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็‰นๅพดใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 )ใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใช ใใจใ‚‚ 1็จฎๅซๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็‰นๅพดใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
A-( \-S-B k ) n (ใƒฝ1) ' ๅผไธญใ€ nใฏ 2ใ€œ1 2ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€ kใฏ 1ใ€œnใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
Aใฏใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€ nไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€
Bใ€—ใ€œBnใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบ ใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
ใพใšใ€ ไธญๅฟƒ้ชจๆ ผใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 )ใฎ Aใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใฏใ€ 2็จฎใพใŸใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎๅ…ƒ็ด ใฎๅŽŸๅญใ‹ใ‚‰่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใŒๆง‹ๆˆใ• ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ 2็จฎไปฅไธŠใฎๅ…ƒ็ด ใฎๅŽŸๅญใจใ—ใฆใฏ็‚ญ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€้…ธ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ใƒชใƒณๅŽŸๅญใ€็กซ้ป„ ๅŽŸๅญใ€็ช’็ด ๅŽŸๅญใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 2ใ€œ5็จฎใฎๅ…ƒ็ด ใฎๅŽŸๅญใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 2ใ€œ4็จฎใฎๅ…ƒ็ด ใฎๅŽŸๅญใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใชใŠใ€็‚ญ็ด ๅŽŸ ๅญไปฅๅค–ใฎๅŽŸๅญใ‚’ใธใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญใจ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใฏใ€ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏๅ˜็’ฐ ๅˆใฏ 2ใ€œ4ๅ€‹ใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใฆๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏๅ˜็’ฐๅˆใฏ 2 ใ€œ 3ๅ€‹ใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใฆๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่ค‡็ด ็’Ÿๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใซๅซๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐใฏใ€ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ€ˆใฏ 4ใ€œ1 4ๅ€‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 4ใ€œ1 1ๅ€‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„่ค‡็ด ็’Ÿๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบใจใ—ใฆ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใšใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 2 ) ใซ็คบใ™ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 1ๅ€‹ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 2 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z =ใ€‡ใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z = Sใฎใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ZไบŒ NHใฎใƒ”ใƒญไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณ ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000011_0001
ใพใŸใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (2) ใซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใŸไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (3) ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌ ๅผ ๏ผˆ3) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z = N Hใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z = 0ใฎในใƒณใ‚พใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณ็’ฐใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z = Sใฎใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000011_0002
ใพใŸใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (2)ใฎ Z = Sใฎใƒใ‚ฉใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใซ่Šณ้ฆ™็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใŸๅผ๏ผˆ4a)ใ€œ (4f ) ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ขใƒŠใƒ•ใƒ†ใƒณ็’Ÿใ€ ใƒใ‚จใƒŽ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใ€ ใƒใ‚จใƒŽ [3, 2โ€” b]ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใƒ ใ‚จใƒŽใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใ€ ใƒใ‚จใƒŽ [3, 2โ€” b]ใƒใ‚ฉใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000011_0003
Figure imgf000011_0004
(4d) (4e) (4f) ๆฌกใซใ€ ~ยพๅผ ๏ผˆ5a) ๅˆใฏ ๏ผˆ5 b) ใซ็คบใ™ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 2ๅ€‹ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ5 a) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z1 = 0ใฎใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z1=Sใฎ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z1 = NHใฎใ‚คใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ5 b) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z2=0ใฎใ‚คใ‚ฝๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z2==Sใฎใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z2ไบŒ N Hใฎใƒ”ใƒฉใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ตใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใ€ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใƒใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
N
(5a) (5b) ใพใŸใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ5 a)ๅˆใฏ๏ผˆ5 b)ใฎไบ”ๅ“ก็’Ÿ (ใ“ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใŸไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ6 a)ๅˆใฏ ๏ผˆ6 b) ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (6a)ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z1 = 0ใฎใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญ ใ‚ตใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z1=Sใฎในใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z1=NHใฎในใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฃ ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พโ€”ใƒซ็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (6 b)ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z2=0ใฎในใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฝๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z2=Sใฎในใƒณใ‚พใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z2=NH ใฎในใƒณใ‚พใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000012_0001
(6a) (6b)
ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 3ๅ€‹ไปฅไธŠๅซใ‚€ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใ€ nโ€”ใƒˆใƒชใ‚กใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใ€ sโ€”ๅœใƒชใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ ใƒซ็’ฐใ€ 1,2,4โ€”ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใ€ 1,3,5โ€”ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใ€ 1๏ผŒ2๏ผŒ5โ€”ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ต ใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใ€ 1๏ผŒ2,4โ€”ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใ€ 1๏ผŒ3,5โ€”ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใ€ 1,2,5โ€”ใƒ ใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ†ๅœใƒฉใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€ 1, 3๏ผŒ5โ€”ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใ€ 1,3,5โ€”ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใฎใฏ 1๏ผŒ 3๏ผŒ 5โ€”ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 1ๅ€‹ๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ใƒ” ใƒชใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใŸใ‚ญใƒŽใƒชใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใ‚ฃใ‚ฝใ‚ญใƒŽใƒชใƒณ็’ฐใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 2ๅ€‹ๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒ”ใƒชใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ”ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใŸใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พ [d]ใƒ”ใƒชใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พ [c]ใƒ”ใƒชใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใ‚ญใƒŠใ‚พใƒชใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใ‚ญใƒŽใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒชใƒณ็’ฐใŒ ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 3ๅ€‹ๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณ็’ŸใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ Aใฏๅคš็’ฐ็ณปใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 7 ) ใซ็คบใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ็’ฐ็ณปใŒๅ˜็ตๅˆ 1ๆœฌใšใคใงไธ€ๆฌกๅ…ƒ็š„ใซ้€ฃ็ตใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅคš็’ฐ ็ณปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ Zใฏ้…ธ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใพใŸใฏ็กซ้ป„ๅŽŸๅญใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ mใฏ 0ใ€œ2ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใ€ ฮ– ้ป„ๅŽŸๅญใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ mใฎๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใฏ 0ใพ ใŸใฏ 1ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใฏ 0ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000013_0001
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ Aใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใฏใ€่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅŽŸๅญใŒๅ…จ ใฆ็‚ญ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใงใ‚ใ‚‹็’ฐๅผๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใฏใ€ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ…ญๅ“ก ็’ฐใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏๅ˜็’ฐๅˆใฏ 2ใ€œ 5ๅ€‹ใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใฆๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏๅ˜็’ฐๅˆใฏ 2ใ€œ4ๅ€‹ใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใฆๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใซๅซๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐใฏใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 6ใ€œ2 2ๅ€‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 6ใ€œ1 8ๅ€‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบใจใ—ใฆใ€็ธฎๅˆๅคš็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใƒšใƒณใ‚ฟใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŠใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ๅœใƒชใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒšใƒชใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‡ ใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใ‚กใ‚บใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŠใƒณๅœใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ”ใƒฌใƒณ็’Ÿใ€ ใƒ”ใ‚ปใƒณ็’ŸใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใฎไธญใงใ‚‚ใ‚กใ‚ปใƒณๅฝข่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชไพ‹็คบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒŠใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚ปใƒณ็’ฐใ€ใƒŠใƒ•ๅค•ใ‚ปใƒณ็’ฐใ€ใƒšใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ปใƒณ็’ฐใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€ใƒŠใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ใ‚กใƒณๅœใƒฉใ‚ปใƒณ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒŠใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆฌกใซใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ Aใฏๅคš็’ฐ็ณปใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 8 ) ใซ็คบใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ็’ฐ็ณปใŒๅ˜็ตๅˆ 1ๆœฌใšใคใงไธ€ๆฌกๅ…ƒ็š„ใซ้€ฃ็ตใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅคš็’ฐ ็ณปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ mใฏ 0~ 2ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ mใฎๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใฏ 0ใพใŸ ใฏ 1ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใฏ 0ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000014_0001
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (1 ) ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ Aใฏไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (9)ใง็คบใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ Z3=NHใฎๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใ€ Z3=0ใฎใ‚ธใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒ• ใƒฉใƒณ็’ฐใ€ Z3=Sใฎใ‚ธใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€ Z3=CH2ใฎใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ็’Ÿใ€ Z3=CO ใฎใƒ•ใƒซๆ‰ใƒฌใƒŽใƒณ็’ฐใ€ Z3=S02ใฎใ‚ธใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณ็’ฐใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงใ€ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใ‚ธใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ•ใƒซๆ‰ใƒฌใƒŽใƒณ ็’ฐใ€ ใ‚ธใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใ€ˆใฏใ‚ธใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จ ใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ใƒ•ใƒซๆ‰ใƒฌใƒŽใƒณ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000014_0002
Aใง็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใจใ—ใฆๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ ไธ‹ ฮชๅทฑใฎๆง‹้€ ๅผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000014_0003
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Figure imgf000014_0004
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ Aใง็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใพใŸใฏ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐ ใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใƒ โ–กใ‚ฒใƒณๅŽŸๅญใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐ 1ใ€œ4ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ nโ€”ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒซๅŸบใ€ nโ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใฎ็›ด้Ž–็Šถใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใ€ ใ‚ฃใ‚พใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ”ใƒซๅŸบใ€ sโ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ tไธ€ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใฎๅˆ†ๅฒ็Šถใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐ 1ใ€œ3ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ ใƒกใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ใ‚จใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใƒ—ใƒญใƒใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒ—ใƒญใƒใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŽŸๅญใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใƒ•ใƒƒ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ๅกฉ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€่‡ญ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ใƒจใ‚ฆ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใŒๆŒ™ใ’ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใ€ ใƒ•ใƒƒ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ๅกฉ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใฏใ€่ž็‚นใ‚„ใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผใธใฎ็›ธๆบถๆ€ง็ญ‰ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใฆๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใƒใƒช ใƒžไธ€ใธใฎ็›ธๆบถๆ€งใŒๆ‚ชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ๅตฉ้ซ˜ใ„ tโ€”ใƒ—ใƒใƒซๅŸบ็ญ‰ใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใง
ยพ!ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆฌกใซใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 )ใฎ B1ใ€œBnใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ B1ใ€œBnใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณๆˆช็ŸฃๅŸบใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใ‚’่กจ ใ™ใ€‚
่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใฏใ€ 2็จฎใพใŸใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎๅ…ƒ็ด ใฎๅŽŸๅญใ‹ใ‚‰่Šณ้ฆ™ ยพ ใŒๆง‹ๆˆใ• ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ 2็จฎไปฅไธŠใฎๅ…ƒ็ด ใฎๅŽŸๅญใจใ—ใฆใฏ็‚ญ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€้…ธ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ใƒชใƒณๅŽŸๅญใ€็กซ้ป„ ๅŽŸๅญใ€็ช’็ด ๅŽŸๅญใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 2ใ€œ5็จฎใฎๅ…ƒ็ด ใฎๅŽŸๅญใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 2ใ€œ4็จฎใฎๅ…ƒ็ด ใฎๅŽŸๅญใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใชใŠใ€็‚ญ็ด ๅŽŸ ๅญไปฅๅค–ใฎๅŽŸๅญใ‚’ใธใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญใจ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใฏใ€ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 1ใ€œ 4ๅ€‹ใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใฆๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 1ใ€œ3ๅ€‹ใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐ ใŒ ifๅฎฟๅˆใ—ใฆๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใซๅซๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐใฏใ€ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ€ˆใฏ 4ใ€œ"๏ผ 4ๅ€‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 4ใ€œ1 1ๅ€‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใพใšใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 0 ) ใซ ็คบใ™ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 1ๅ€‹ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 0 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z = 0ใฎใƒ•ใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z = Sใฎใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z = N Hใฎใƒ”ใƒญใƒชใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ•ใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใ€ˆใฏ ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000015_0001
ใพใŸใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 0 ) ใซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใŸไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 1 ) ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹, ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z = N Hใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ZไบŒ 0ใฎใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒ•ใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z = Sใฎในใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚งไบŒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒ•ใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏในใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใง ใ‚ o
Figure imgf000016_0001
ๆฌกใซใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 2a)ๅˆใฏ ๏ผˆ1 2b) ใซ็คบใ™ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 2ๅ€‹ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใŒ ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (1 2a) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z1 = 0ใฎๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z1 ไบŒ Sใฎใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z1=NHใฎใ‚คใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€.ไธ€. ่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 2b) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z2=0ใฎใ‚คใ‚ฝใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z2ไบŒ Sใฎใ‚คใ‚ฝ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ' Z2= N Hใฎใƒ”ใƒฉใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ€ˆใฏๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ ใ‚‹ o
Figure imgf000016_0002
(12a) (12b) ใพใŸใ€ ่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 2a)ๅˆใฏ ๏ผˆ1 2b) ใซ็คบใ™ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใŸ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ 13 a)ๅˆใฏ๏ผˆ 13 b) ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ13a) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Z1 =0ใฎในใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z1=Sใฎใน.ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z1 = N Hใฎในใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฃใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ (1 3 b)ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ z2=oใฎในใƒณใ‚พใ‚คใ‚ฝๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ z2=sใฎในใƒณใ‚พใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ Z2=NHใฎในใƒณใ‚พใƒ”ใƒฉใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏในใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ข ใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000017_0001
(13a) (13b)
ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 3ๅ€‹ไปฅไธŠๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใ€ nโ€”ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ sโ€”ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธ ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 ,2, 4โ€”ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 , 3, 5โ€”ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 ,2, 5โ€”ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ต ใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 ,2,4โ€”ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 , 3,5โ€”ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 , 2,5โ€”ใƒ ใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ†ใƒˆใƒฉใ‚พ'ใƒชใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€ 1๏ผŒ 3, 5โ€”ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1๏ผŒ 3, 5โ€”ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใฎใฏ 1 , 3๏ผŒ 5โ€”ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 1ๅ€‹ๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ใƒ”ใƒช ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใŸใ‚ญใƒŽใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฝใ‚ญใƒŽใƒชใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆฌกใซใ€ ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 2ๅ€‹ๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใƒ”ใƒชใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใŸใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พ [ d ]ใƒ”ใƒชใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พ [ c ]ใƒ”ใƒชใƒ€ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ญใƒŠใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ญใƒŽใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒชใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญๅŽŸๅญ 3ๅ€‹ๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใ€ ๅœใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ B 1ใ€œBnใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใฏใ€่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅŽŸ ๅญใŒๅ…จใฆ็‚ญ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใงใ‚ใ‚‹็’ฐๅผๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใฏใ€ไบ”ๅ“ก็’ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ„ใฏๅ…ญๅ“ก็’ฐใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏๅ˜็’ฐๅˆใฏ 2ใ€œ 5ๅ€‹ใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใฆ ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏๅ˜็’ฐๅˆใฏ 2ใ€œ 4ๅ€‹ใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใŒ็ธฎๅˆใ—ใฆๆง‹ๆˆใ• ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใซๅซๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐใฏใ€ๅฅฝใพใ—.ใ€ˆใฏ 6ใ€œ2 2ๅ€‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๅญใพใ—ใใฏ 6ใ€œ1 8ๅ€‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบใจใ—ใฆใ€็ธฎๅˆๅคš็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใŒๆŒ™ใ’ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใƒšใƒณๅค•ใƒฌใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŠใƒฌใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ๅœใƒชใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒฌใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ใƒšใƒชใƒฌใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‡ใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚กใ‚บใƒฌใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŠใƒณใƒˆใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ”ใƒฌใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ”ใ‚ปใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใชใฉ ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใใฎไธญใงใ‚‚ใ‚กใ‚ปใƒณๅฝข่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชไพ‹็คบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒŠใƒ•ใ‚ฟใ‚ปใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒšใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ปใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใชใฉ ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒณๅœใƒฉใ‚ปไบŒ ใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ B1ใ€œBnใฎๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ใฎๆง‹้€ ๅผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000018_0002
ใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ—ใ€ ๅ…จใฆ็•ฐใชใฃใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
ฮ’ใ€—ใ€œ ฮ’ ฮทใง็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŽŸๅญใชใฉใ‚’ๆŒ™ ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐ"!ใ€œ 4ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ฮทโ€”ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ฮทโ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใฎ็›ด้Ž–็Šถใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ”ใƒซๅŸบใ€ sโ€”ใƒ—ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ tโ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใฎๅˆ†ๅฒ็Šถใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€็‰นใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏใƒกใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ nโ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ tโ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐ 1ใ€œ3ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ ใƒกใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใ‚จใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใƒ—ใƒญใƒใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒ—ใƒญใƒใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€ ใƒกใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทๅŸบใฏ็‰นใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŽŸๅญใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใƒ•ใƒ…็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ๅกฉ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€่‡ญ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ใƒจใ‚ฆ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใŒๆŒ™ใ’ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒƒ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ๅกฉ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€็‰นใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใƒ•ใƒ…็ด ๅŽŸๅญใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใฏใ€ ่ž็‚นใ‚„ใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผใธใฎ็›ธๆบถๆ€ง็ญ‰ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใฆๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใƒใƒช ใƒžใƒผใธใฎ็›ธๆบถๆ€งใŒๆ‚ชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ ๅตฉ้ซ˜ใ„ tไธ€ใƒ—ใƒใƒซๅŸบ็ญ‰ใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใง ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ็›ด้Ž–็Šถใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใซใŠใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ้žๅฏพ็งฐใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใซ ใƒกใƒใƒซๅŸบใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ ใซใฏใƒŽ ใƒฉไฝใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใƒกๅค•ไฝใฎๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ โ€”่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆ nใฏ 2~ 1 2ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ nใฏ Aใฎๅˆ†ๅญๆง‹้€ ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆฑบ ใพใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€็‰นใซ้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ AๅŠ›ใ€'่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซ ใฏใ€ nใฎๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใฏ 2ใ€œ6ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใฏ 2ใ€œ4ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ AใŒ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹้ฝขใซใฏใ€ nใฎๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„็ฏ„็”ปใพ 2ใ€œ1 0ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆ ใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใฏ 2ใ€œ6ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆ kใฏ"!ใ€œ nใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚็ฝฎๆ›ไฝ็ฝฎใฏใ€ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅˆ†ๅญ ใฎๅฏพ็งฐๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ <ใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ n = 3ใฎ ใซใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใฎ 1 , 2 , 4ไธ€ไฝใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ 1 , 3 , 5โ€”ไฝใซ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝ. ใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ ยพ็Ÿฃใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใฏใ€ ใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ‚„ๅ…‰ๅญฆใƒ• ใ‚ฃใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผใชใฉใฎๆๆ–™ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ ๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใชๆๆ–™ใจ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ็ฉๅฑคใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ ใจใ™ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๅๅฐ„้˜ฒๆญข่†œใจใ—ใฆๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉ็”จใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚บใ€ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ๆ‰ๅŠ›ใƒกใƒฉ็”จใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ€ ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ€ ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ถใƒ–ใƒชใƒณๅค•ไธ€ ็”จ f 0ใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒใƒซใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ€ ๆถฒๆ™ถใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใ‚ฟไธ€็”จใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ€ ็œผ้ก็”จใƒฌใƒณใ‚บ็ญ‰ ใฎใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ€ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใ‚ฟไธ€็”จใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒณใ€ๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ใ€ ๅ…‰ๅฐŽๆณข่ทฏใ€ ใƒ—ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ็ญ‰ ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆ้ƒจๅ“ใชใฉใธใฎ้ฉ็”จใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใงใ‚‚ P 0 Fใฎๆๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆๅฅฝ้ฉ ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ…‰ๅญฆ้ƒจๅ“ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€้€ๆ˜Žๆ€งใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผใจใƒ‰ไธ€ใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใŒๅ‡ไธ€ใซๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใจๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ ดๅˆใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ ดๅˆใซใฏ GIๅž‹ P0F ใจ่ค‡ ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒฌใ‚คใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใธใฎ้ฉ็”จใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ๅฐ„ๅ‡บๆˆๅฝขๆณ•ใ€ ๅœง็ธฎๆˆๅฝขๆณ•ใ€ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒญใƒข โ€”ใƒซใƒ‰ๆณ•ใ€ ใƒ•ใƒญใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ๆณ•ใ€ ใƒญใƒผใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚นๆณ•ใ€ๆณจๅž‹ๆณ•็ญ‰ใฎๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎๆˆๅฝข ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆณจๅž‹ๆณ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ้ƒจๅˆ†็š„ใซ้‡ๅˆใ‚’้€ฒใ‚ใŸๅพŒใ€ ๅž‹ใซ ๆณจๅ…ฅใ—ใ€ ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใช้‡ๅˆใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ€ๆˆๅฝขๅ“ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ ใ‚’่ฃฝ้€ ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๆˆๅž‹็”จใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใฏใ€ๅฐ„ๅ‡บๆˆๅฝขๆณ•ใฎ:^ใซใฏ็†ฑ ๆ€งๆจน ๆœˆๆ—จใซใƒ‰ไธ€ใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใ‚’้…ๅˆใ—ใฆๅ‡ไธ€ใซใชใ‚‹ใพใงๆ’นๆ‹Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ ๆณจๅ…ฅๆณ•ใฎ i ^ใซใฏไพ‹ใˆใฐ U V็กฌๅŒ–ๆ€งใƒขใƒŽใƒžใƒผใซใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆๅ‡ไธ€ใซใชใ‚‹ ใพใง่ฆšใ‚ญๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š ฮฏๅฏปใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ไธŠ่จ˜ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆˆๅฝขๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๆˆๅฝขๅ“่กจ้ขใซใ€ M g F2ใ€ S i O, ใชใฉใฎ็„กๆฉŸๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็œŸ็ฉบ่’ธ็€ๆณ•ใ€ ใ‚นใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐๆณ•ใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ชใƒณใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐๆณ•ใช ใฉใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ‚ณใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ ใพใŸใ€ๆˆๅฝขๅ“่กจ้ขใซใ‚ทใƒฉใƒณใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‰คใช ใฉใฎๆœ‰ๆฉŸใ‚ทใƒชใ‚ณใƒณๅŒ–^ #)ใ€ ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒซใƒขใƒŽใƒžใƒผใ€ ใƒกใƒฉใƒŸใƒณๆจน่„‚ใ€ ใ‚จใƒใ‚ญใ‚ทๆจน่„‚ใ€ ใƒ•ใƒ… ็ด ็ณปๆจน่„‚ใ€ ใ‚ทใƒชใ‚ณใƒผใƒณๆจนๆœˆๆ—จใชใฉใ‚’ใƒใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ณไธ€ๅœใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใฉใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ ่€ๆนฟๆ€งใ€ ๅ…‰ๅญฆ็‰นๆ€งใ€ ่€่–ฌๅ“โ€ ็”Ÿใ€ ่€็ฃจ่€—ๆ€งใ€ ๆ›‡ใ‚Šๆญขใ‚ใชใฉใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใ€ G Iๅž‹ P O Fใฎๆๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ด ๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹็”จ้€”ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜ ็Ž‡ใƒ‰ไธ€ใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใŒ 1 . 6 0ใ€œ2 . 0ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€ 1 . 6 3ใ€œ1 . 9 0ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝ ใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใชใŠใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ไธ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ ใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใซๅ˜็‹ฌใงๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธญใ‹ใ‚‰่ค‡ๆ•ฐ้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใซๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ไป–ใฎๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎ ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใจใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 1ใคใชใ„ใ—่ค‡ๆ•ฐใจใŒใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใซๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
P 0 Fใฎใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใซๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใฎๅซๆœ‰้‡ใฏใ€ๆˆธๆ–คๆœ›ใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒ ใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ ใ‹ใคใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒŽ ใƒผใฎ ็š„ยพ^็ญ‰ใ‚’ๆใชใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ็‰นใซๅˆถ้™ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏใ€ ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณใƒˆใฏ P O Fๆๆ–™ใŒ้‡ๅˆใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฃฝ้€ ใ•ใ‚Œ ใ‚‹้š›ใซใ€ ใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹้‡^ๆœฌใฎใƒขใƒŽใƒžใƒผใซๆทปใ‚ซใƒญใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒขใƒŽใƒžใƒผใจ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜ ็Ž‡ใƒ‰ไธ€ใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใจใฎๆทท^ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ้‡ๅˆๅๅฟœใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฃฝ้€ ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ P 0 Fๆ ๆ–™ใฎใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใซๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ P O Fใฎใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ไธ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒˆใฎๅซๆœ‰้‡ใฏใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 6 0่ณช้‡๏ผ…ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 5 0่ณช้‡๏ผ…ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ ใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 4 5่ณช้‡๏ผ…ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ P 0 Fใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ไธ€ใƒ‘ใƒณๅœๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๅˆ†ๅญไฝ“็ฉใฏใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจ P O Fๆๆ–™ใฎใƒขใƒŽใƒžใƒผใจใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆฑบๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็‰น ใซ้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ๅพ“ๆฅใฎ P O Fใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒกๅค•ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใƒกใƒใƒซ ใฎๅˆ† ๆœฌ็ฉใฏ 1 0 1 A3็จ‹ๅบฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใƒกใƒใƒซใ‚’ใ‚ณใ‚ข ้ƒจๆฏๆใƒขใƒŽใƒžใƒผใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ 1 0 0ใ€œ5 0 0 ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝ ใพใ—ใใ€ 1 5 0ใ€œ4 0 O A3ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใฎไธญๅฟƒ้ƒจใจๅค–ๅ‘จ้ƒจใจใซ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅทฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ้–‹ๅฃๆ•ฐใ‚’ๅคงใใใ• ใ›ใ€ไผ้€ๆๅคฑใ‚’ไฝŽใใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€็ตๅˆๆๅคฑๅŠใณๆ›ฒใ’ๆๅคฑใ‚’ไฝŽใใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒ…ใ‚ฏๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹้–‹ๅฃๆ•ฐใฏใ€ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 0 . 1 5ใ€œ0 . 4 0ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 0 . 1 8ใ€œ0 . 3 0ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไปฅไธŠ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซไฟ‚ใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 ) ใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้ชจๆ ผใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่Šณ ็Ÿฃใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ ใ—ใฆใฏใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏๆฌก่กจใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ—ใŸๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ n= 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000021_0001
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท A B1 B2
9 ใƒŽ H3
H3COโ€” ~ H3COโ€” <^โ€”
10 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ 1
11 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
12 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
13 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ใƒฌใƒช w H3ใ— U "
14 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
Figure imgf000022_0001
15 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
s S
N-N N-N
16 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
H H3C n- 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
ใค A B1 B2 ใƒ•
C2H C2HๅŽ‚ 8 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ (V 9 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
Figure imgf000023_0001
0 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ 1 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ฮฏ V- s ใ€”Sใƒˆ
C3H7 .2 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ft
S 3 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ y
4 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
Figure imgf000023_0002
ฮ—3ฮธ ^
n=2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท A B1 B2
25 ็•Œ 0- Or
26 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ f - f -
27 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
28 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
29 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ Jo> -
30 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
31 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ah
32 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
n==2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
A B1 B2
02H5 - ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
ๅŽ‚ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
s j ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ay
Figure imgf000025_0001
N-N
ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
ฮ—3ฮธ ^
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท A B1 B2
41
AO ๅœ 1ไธ€ Elใซ
43 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
44 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
45 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
46 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
47 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ . y C
N-N N-N
48 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
H3
Figure imgf000027_0001
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000028_0001
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000029_0001
n- 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000030_0001
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000031_0001
n= 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000032_0001
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000033_0001
n== 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000034_0001
Figure imgf000035_0001
n= 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
่ก—"^ A B1 B2
121 ^ Qr
192. ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
123 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
124 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
125 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
126 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
127 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
N-N
128 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
n=2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000037_0001
n= 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000038_0001
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•จ A B1 B2
145 Or H3C
146 ไธŠใƒฌ้—ฎใ˜
147 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ H3C- -
148 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
1 9 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
11 ไธ„ๅœ ฮช 1ไธ€ๅŒ 1ๅฃ Jใ—
151 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
CH3
152 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
n= 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000040_0001
n= 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท A B1 B2
161 ใ€ /
162 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ V-
163 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
H3C
164 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
165 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
Figure imgf000041_0001
166 ไธŠใซๅŒใ—
167 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
CH3
168 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
H3C H3C^
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท A B1 B2
N-N
169
IM H3C
170 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
171 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ Or CH3
172 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ay
173 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ~Qr
1ใƒ• 4 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ -N
17.5 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
H3
176 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ cs .
H3C
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท A B1 B2
177 f ใ€\
S ฮ“
178 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
N- Or
H3C
179 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
180 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
Figure imgf000043_0001
181 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
H3C
182 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ H3C- ~
183 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
184 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ H3d N-N
n= 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
A B1 B2
185 Or
186 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
18ใƒ• ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
188 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ฮฟฯŒ
ฮ-ฮ
189 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
C2H y ไธ„ๅœ 1 fไธ€ 1 |5PJ1ใ—
H3C Sๅ…ซ
191 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
H H3C P-
192 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท A B1 B2
193 C2H5 -
H3C
1 4 * ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ใ€Š ใ€ใƒˆ
195 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
196 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
197 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
Figure imgf000045_0001
1
198 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
199 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ y H3C
200 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
n=2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท A B1 B2
201 C2H5 - H3C^ ใ€
202 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ~ ^~C(CH3)3
ใƒˆ
203 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ~r
204 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
205 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
Figure imgf000046_0001
206 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ H3
207 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
N-N
208 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ H
ฮ—3ฮธ ^
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท A B1 B2
209
Z i U ใ‚ง ฮฏ l |ใ€ใ€
|ๅฃ Jใ—
211 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ oใƒˆ
212 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
213 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
Figure imgf000047_0001
214 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
215 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ T ay
N-N
216 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ H
n = 2ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท A B1 B2
217
oใฟใ€‚ H3C
218 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
H3C S
219 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ - "C(CH3)3
220 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
221 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ H3C-HQ -
222 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
02H5^
223 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ h ay
-N
224 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ H
n = 3ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000049_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
n =3ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000051_0001
n= 4ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000052_0001
n = 4ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000053_0001
n=: 4ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000054_0001
n=4ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท n A B Bn
281 4
H3C
282 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
283 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
284 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
285 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ . ใƒˆ
286 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
287 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
Figure imgf000055_0001
N-N
288 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
n = 4ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท ฮท A ฮ’ ~ ฮ’ฮท
289 4
H3C
290 ไธ„ใƒฌ 1ๅฃใƒฌ
291 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
292 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
293 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ay
294 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
295 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
N-N
296 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ . H3C k
n= 5ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
่ก— n A
297 5 ๅ–„ H3C p-
298 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ใ€ใƒˆ
299 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
300 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ~ ~C(CH3)3
301 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
ใƒˆ
302 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
303 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ h
N-N
304 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
H
n-6ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท n A
305 6
Figure imgf000058_0001
306 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
307 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
308 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
309 ไธŠ fไธ€ ไธŠ 1โ€”ๅ›บใ˜ rr
310 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
311 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
312 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
ฮ—
n = 8ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
็•ชๅท n A B1~Bn
Q
H3C
314 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
315 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
1 lไธ€ 13ฮ™ใ€ใ€ โ€” L ฮ›โ€” CiCH
317 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
318 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
319 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
N - N
320 ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜ ไธŠใซๅŒใ˜
n = 10ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000060_0001
n= 10ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ไพ‹็คบ
Figure imgf000061_0001
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏใ€ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณไฝ“ใจใƒใ‚ชใƒผใƒซไฝ“ใจใ‚’ๅกฉๅŸบไธ‹ใซใฆ ๅๅฟœใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅ‡บๆฅใ‚‹ใ€‚
X-A-X HISโ€” Aโ€”SH
B1โ€” SH ไธ„ B1โ€” X
B1 -S-A-X B1 -S-A-SH
B2โ€” SH B2โ€” X ๆ–นๆณ• I ๆ–นๆณ• ฮ 
B1โ€” Sโ€” Aโ€” Sโ€” B2 ๆฌกใซๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ n = 2ใฎ ใฎ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ– ใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ— ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚่ฃฝ้€ ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ไธŠ่จ˜ใ„ใšใ‚Œใฎๅˆๆˆ็ตŒ่ทฏใงใ‚‚่ฃฝ้€ ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใ“ ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใ€ ๆ–นๆณ• Iใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅณใกใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ P O Fใซๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏใ€ ใ‚ธใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณไฝ“ใจใƒๆ‰ไธ€ใƒซไฝ“ใจใ‚’ๅกฉๅŸบใฎๅญ˜ๅœจไธ‹ใซใฆๅๅฟœใ• ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅๅฟœใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ธใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณไฝ“ใฏใ€ ็›ฎ็š„ใจใ™ใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฎนๆ˜“ใซๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅๅฟœใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒๆ‰ไธ€ใƒซไฝ“ใฏใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐ Can. J. Chem. , 53, 1480 (1975)็ญ‰ใซ ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พไบŒใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉใจ็กซๅŒ–ใ‚กใƒ‹ๆ‰ใƒณใจใฎๆฑ‚ๆ ธ็ฝฎๆ›ๅๅฟœใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฎน ๆ˜“ใซๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใƒใ‚ชใƒผใƒซไฝ“ใฎๅˆ่จˆไฝฟ็”จ้‡ใฏใ‚ธใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณไฝ“ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ 2ใ€œ5ๅ€ใƒขใƒซใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 2ใ€œ 3ๅ€ใƒขใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅกฉๅŸบใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใƒŠๅœใƒชใ‚ฅๅŽถใ€ 7k้…ธๅŒ–ๅŠ›ใƒชใ‚ฅใƒ  ็ญ‰ใฎ ยซ7 ้…ธๅŒ–็‰ฉใ€ ็‚ญ้…ธใƒŠๅœใƒชใ‚ฅๅŽถใ€็‚ญ้…ธๅŠ›ใƒชใ‚ฅใƒ ็ญ‰ใฎ^ ็‚ญ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ๅœใƒชใƒกใƒใƒซ ใ‚กใƒŸใƒณใ€ ๅœใƒชใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚กใƒŸใƒณใ€ ใƒˆใƒชใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒซใ‚ขใƒŸใƒณใ€ ใƒˆใƒชใƒ—ใƒใƒซใ‚กใƒŸใƒณใ€ ฮ , ฮโ€”ใ‚ธ ใƒกใƒใƒซใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒชใƒณ็ญ‰ใฎ็ฌฌ 3็ดšใ‚กใƒŸใƒณใ€ ใƒŠใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฅใƒ ใƒกใƒใƒฉไธ€ใƒˆใ‚ƒใƒŠๅœใƒชใ‚ฅใƒ ใ‚งใƒใƒฉไธ€ ใƒˆใ€ ใ‚ซใƒชใ‚ฅใƒ  tertโ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒฉไธ€ๅœ็ญ‰ใฎ^ ยซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒฉไธ€ๅœ็ญ‰ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏใ€ใƒŠใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฅๅŽถใƒกใƒใƒฉไธ€ๅœใ‚„ใƒŠๅœใƒชใ‚ฅๅŽถใ‚งใƒใƒฉไธ€ใƒˆ็ญ‰ใฎ้‡‘ๅฑžใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒฉไธ€ๅœใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅกฉๅŸบใฎไฝฟ็”จ้‡ใฏใ‚ธใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณไฝ“ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ 2ใ€œ5ๅ€ใƒขใƒซใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 2ใ€œ3ๅ€ใƒขใƒซ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅๅฟœๆธฉๅบฆใฏใ€ 1 0 0ใ€œ2 0 0ยฐCใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฅฝใพใ—ใใฏ 1 3 0ใ€œ1 8 0ยฐCใฎ ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅๅฟœๆธฉๅบฆใŒ 1 8 CTCใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ใจๅ‰ฏ็”Ÿๆˆ็‰ฉใŒๅข—ๅŠ›๏ผ]ใ—ใ€ ็›ฎ็š„ใจใ™ใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๅŽ็Ž‡ใŒไฝŽไธ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๅๅฟœ ใŒ 1 o oยฐcใ‚ˆใ‚ŠไฝŽใ„ใจๅ ๅฟœ้€ŸๅบฆใŒ้…ใใฆๅฎŸ็”จ็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
ๅๅฟœๆบถๅช’ใฏๆฅตๆ€งๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆบถๅช’ใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ๆฅตๆ€งๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆบถๅช’ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ไพ‹ ใˆใฐใ€ Nโ€”ใƒกใƒใƒซใƒผ 2โ€”ใƒ”ใƒญใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ Nโ€”ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒซไธ€ 2โ€”ใƒ”ใƒญใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ ใ‚ธใƒกใƒใƒซ ใ‚กใ‚ปๅœใ‚ขใƒŸใƒ‰ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒกใƒใƒซใƒ›ใƒซใƒ ใ‚ขใƒŸใƒ‰ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒกใƒใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ‰็ญ‰ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใใฎไป–ใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐ Tetrahedron Lett. , 39, 543 (1998)ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฃฝ้€ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใชใŠใ€ไธŠ่จ˜ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใง้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎไธ€ไพ‹ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใง้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใฎใฟๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–^)ใซ้™ๅฎšใ• ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ .
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ P O Fๆๆ–™ใฏใ€ ใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใจใ€ ใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใฎไธญๅฟƒ้ƒจใ‚ˆใ‚ŠไฝŽใ„ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏ ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰้ƒจใจใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒๅ†“ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ P 0 Fใฎใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹้‡^ๆœฌใฏใ€้€ๆ˜Žใช้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใ†ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ็‰นใซๅˆถ้™ใฏใชใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใƒกใƒ ใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธ nโ€”ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒ—ใƒญใƒ” ใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธ nโ€”ใƒ—ใƒใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒ—ใƒใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธ sโ€”ใƒ—ใƒ ใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธ tโ€”ใƒ—ใƒใƒซใ€ ใƒกๅค•ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใ‚ทใ‚ฏใƒญใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใƒ™ใƒณ ใ‚ธใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใƒœใƒซใƒ‹ใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใ‚กใƒ€ใƒžใƒณใƒ ใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธๅœใƒชใ‚ทใ‚ฏใƒญใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒซใ€ ใƒกๅค•ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใ‚ธใ‚ทใ‚ฏใƒญใƒšใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ‹ใƒซใ€ ใƒกๅค•ใ‚ฏ ใƒชใƒซ้…ธ 2 , 2 , 2โ€”ใƒˆใƒชใƒ•ใƒซๆ‰ใƒญใ‚งใƒใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธ 2๏ผŒ 2 , 3 , 3โ€”ใƒ†ๅœใƒฉ ใƒ•ใƒซๆ‰ใƒญใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒซใ€ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธ 2 , 2 , 3๏ผŒ 3ใ€ 3โ€”ใƒšใƒณๅค•ใƒ•ใƒซๆ‰ๅฃใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธ 2 , 2 , 3 , ฮ› , 4 , 4โ€”ใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒ•ใƒซๆ‰ใƒญใƒ–ใƒใƒซใ€ ใƒกๅค•ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธ 1 โ€”ใƒˆใƒชใƒ•ใƒซๆ‰ใƒญใƒกใƒใƒซไธ€ 2 , 2 , 2โ€”ใƒˆใƒชใƒ•ใƒซๆ‰ใƒญใ‚งใƒใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธ 1 H , 1 H , 5 Hใƒผใ‚ฉใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒซใƒšใƒณใƒใƒซ็ญ‰ใฎใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใ‚จใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซ้กžใฎๅ˜็‹ฌ้‡ๅˆไฝ“ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ…ฑ้‡^ ฮฏๆœฌใ‚‚ใ—ใใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใจใ—ใฆใƒกใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ง ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ฮทโ€”ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ฮทโ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ sโ€” ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ tไธ€ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏใƒญใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบ็ญ‰ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœˆๆ—จ่‚ชๆ—ใฎ Nโ€”็ฝฎๆ›ใƒžใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒŸใƒ‰ๅ˜้‡ไฝ“้กžใฎๅ˜็‹ฌ้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ…ฑ้‡^ fๆœฌใ‚‚ใ—ใใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใ€ ใ‚นใƒใƒฌใƒณๅŠใณใใฎ่ช˜ๅฐŽไฝ“ใฎๅ˜็‹ฌ้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ…ฑ้‡ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใƒณ ใƒ‰้‡^ fๆœฌ็ญ‰ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ P O Fใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰้ƒจใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹้‡^ๆœฌใซใฏใ€ ้€ๆ˜Žใช้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใ† 'ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ็‰นใซๅˆถ้™ใฏใชใ€ˆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใƒใƒชใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏ ใƒชใƒซ้…ธใƒกใƒใƒซ ๏ผˆP MM A ) ใ€ ใƒใƒชๅŠ›ไธ€ใƒœใƒไธ€ๅœ ๏ผˆP C ) ใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใƒกใƒใƒซใจไป–ใฎๅ˜้‡ไฝ“ใจใฎ้€ๆ˜Žใชๅ…ฑ้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใŒ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ไป–ใฎๅ˜ ๆœฌ ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ๅ˜ๅฎ˜่ƒฝใฎ ๏ผˆใƒกใ‚ฟ๏ผ‰ ใ‚กใ‚ฏใƒชใƒฌใƒผใƒˆ้กžใ€ใ€ ใƒ•ใƒƒ็ด ๅŒ–ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซ ๏ผˆใƒกใ‚ฟ๏ผ‰ ใ‚กใ‚ฏใƒช ใƒฌใƒผๅœ้กžใ€ ใ‚กใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธ็ญ‰ใฎใ‚กใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ็ณปๅ˜้‡ไฝ“ใชใฉใŒไฝฟ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ ใ‚‹ o
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ P 0 Fใฏๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใซใฆ่ฃฝ้€ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏไปฅไธ‹ใซ ไพ‹็คบใ™ใ‚‹ 2้€šใ‚Šใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ฃฝ้€ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ไธ€ใคใฏใƒ—ใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ  ๏ผˆๆฏๆ๏ผ‰ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒ โ€”ใ‚’็†ฑๅปถไผธใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€ไป–ๆ–นใฏใƒ—ใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไป‹ใ•ใšใซ้€ฃ็ถš็š„ใซใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ใ‚’ๆˆ ๅฝขใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใชใŠใ€ ใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ใธใจ็ดก็ณธใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆ ๆ–™ใ‚’ P O Fๆฏๆใจๅฎš็พฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใƒ—ใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ๆณ•ใงใฏใ€ ไบˆใ‚ไฝœ่ฃฝใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใŸ้‡ๅˆไฝ“่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ็ฎกใฎไธญ็ฉบๅ†…ใซใ€ ใใฎไธญ ็ฉบ็ฎกใฎ้‡^ๆœฌใ‚’ๆบถ่งฃใ—ใ‹ใค้ž้‡ๅˆๆ€งไฝŽๅˆ†ๅญใ‚ฃๅŒ•^ )ใ‚’ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹้‡ๅˆๆ€งๆบถๆถฒ ๏ผˆๅ˜ ้‡ไฝ“ๆˆๅˆ†ใ€ ้‡ๅˆ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰คใ€ ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡่ชฟๆ•ดๅ‰คใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅ˜้‡ไฝ“ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๅ……ๅกซใ•ใ›ใ€ ๅค–้ƒจใ‹ ใ‚‰ๅŠ ็†ฑใพใŸใฏๅ…‰็…งๅฐ„ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ˜้‡ไฝ“ใ‚’ๅค–้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰้‡ๅˆใ•ใ›ใ€ ใƒญใƒ…ใƒ‰็Šถใฎใƒ—ใƒชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ  ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ€ ใใฎๅพŒใซใ€ ๆ‰€ๆœ›ใฎๅพ„ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠ ็†ฑๅปถไผธใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ้š›ใฎ้‡ๅˆ ไฝ“่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ็ฎกใฏใ€ ้ž้‡ๅˆๆ€งใฎไฝŽๅˆ†ๅญๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅซๆœ‰ใ—ใชใ„ไปฅๅค–ใฏไธญ็ฉบ้ƒจๅ†…ใซๅ……ๅกซใ—ใŸ ็‰ฉใจๅŒใ˜ๅ˜้‡ไฝ“ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ—ใ€ ใพใŸใ€ ใใฎไธปๆˆๅˆ†ใจใชใ‚‹ๅ˜้‡ไฝ“ใŒ ๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ˜้‡ไฝ“ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡่ชฟๆ•ดๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏ nโ€”ใƒ—'ใƒใƒซใƒกใƒซใ‚ซใƒ–ๅค•ใƒณ็ญ‰ใฎใƒกใƒซใ‚ซใƒ—ใ‚ฟใƒณ้กž็ญ‰ใฎ ้€šๅธธใฎใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ซใƒซ้€ฃ้Ž–็งปๅ‹•ๅ‰คใŒ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ้‡ๅˆ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ‚กใ‚พใƒ“ใ‚นใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฝใƒ—ใƒใƒญใƒ‹ๅœใƒชใƒซ็ญ‰ใฎใ‚กใ‚พๅŒ–^]ใ€้Ž้…ธๅŒ–ในใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฃใƒซ็ญ‰ใฎ้Ž้…ธๅŒ–็‰ฉ็ญ‰ใฎ้€šๅธธใฎใƒฉ ใ‚ธใ‚ซใƒซ้‡ๅˆ้–‹ยฝยพใŒ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใจใใ€้Ž้…ธๅŒ–ในใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฃใƒซใ€้Ž้…ธๅŒ–ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒญใ‚ค ใƒซ็ญ‰ใฎใ€็ด„ 4 0ใ€‚Cใ€œ็ด„ 1 0 0ยฐCใงๆœ‰ๅŠนใซใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ซใƒซใ‚’็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ไธญๆธฉ้–‹ ใŒๅฅฝ้ฉใซไฝฟ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅพ“ใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไธญๆธฉ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸ^^ใ€้‡ๅˆๅ ๅฟœใฎ ๆกไปถใฏใ€ๅฅฝ้ฉใซใฏ็ด„ 4 0ใ€‚Cใ€œ็ด„ 1 0 0ยฐCใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅๅฟœ็†ฑใ‚„ๅๅฟœ่‡ชไฝ“ใซใ‚ˆ ใ‚‹่†จ่„นๅŽ็ธฎใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ้‡ๅˆๅๅฟœไธญ่‹ฅใ—ใใฏๅๅฟœๅพŒใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผใซใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏ็ญ‰ใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใชใ„ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ไธฆใณใซใ€ๅๅฟœ็†ฑใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใƒขใƒŽใƒžใƒผใŒๅๅฟœไธญใซๆฒธ้จฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ้‡ๅˆๅๅฟœ ยพJgใฏ่ชฟ็ฏ€ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡ๅˆ ใจ้–‹^! Uๆฟƒๅบฆใจใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆ ใ‚ใ›ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ชฟ็ฏ€ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ซใƒซ้‡ๅˆๅๅฟœใฎ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰คใฎๆทปๅŠ ้‡ใฏใ€็ด„ 4 0ยฐCใ€œ ็ด„ 1 0 0ยฐCใฎ้‡ๅˆๅๅฟœ้–‹ๅง‹ใฎๆกไปถใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€ ็ณปๅ…จไฝ“ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ 0 . 0 0 1ใ€œ1 0่ณช ้‡๏ผ…็จ‹ๅบฆใ€ๆ›ดใซใฏ 0 . 0 1ใ€œ0 . 3่ณช้‡๏ผ…็จ‹ๅบฆใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ๅฐšใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็†ฑ ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๅกŠ็Šถ้‡ๅˆไปฅๅค–ใซใ‚‚ใ€ๅ…‰ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅกŠ็Šถ้‡ๅˆ็ญ‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จๅฏ ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ๆธฉๅบฆ็ญ‰ใฎๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผ้‡ใจ้–‹ ๆฟƒๅบฆ ใจใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€้‡ๅˆๅๅฟœ้€Ÿๅบฆใ‚’่ชฟ็ฏ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
P O Fๆฏๆใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒญ็†ฑๆบถ่žใ—ใฆ P 0 Fใธใจ็ดก็ณธใ™ใ‚‹้š›ใฎ็ทšๅผ“ Iใใฎไฝœๆฅญๆ€งใฎ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ P O Fๆฏๆใฎใ‚ณใ‚ข้ƒจใจใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰้ƒจใจใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใฎ้‡้‡ๅนณๅ‡ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡ใŒใ€ 1 0 , 0 0 0ไปฅไธŠ 3 0 0 , 0 0 0ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ€ˆใ€ๆ›ดใซใฏ 3 0 , 0 0 0ไปฅไธŠ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€็‰นใซ 5 0๏ผŒ 0 0 0ไปฅไธŠ 2 0 0๏ผŒ 0 0 0ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒŽๆๆ–™ใฎใ‚ณใ‚ขๅˆใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ…ใƒ‰้ƒจใŒใ€ใ‚ซใƒญ็†ฑใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹้‡ ๅˆๅๅฟœใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฃฝ้€ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใซใฏใ€ ใ‚ณใ‚ขๅˆใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰้ƒจใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ฃฝ้€  ่ฃ…็ฝฎใฏใ€ P O Fๆฏๆใ‚’ๅ›ž่ปขๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ€ไธ”ใคๆธฉๅบฆๅˆถๅพกใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’ใ‚‚ใคๅŠ ็†ฑๆ‰‹ๆฎตใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ ่ฃ…็ฝฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฝขๆ…‹ใ‚’ๅ•ใ‚ใšใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซๅฅฝ้ฉใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ไฝ†ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎ้‡ๅˆๅๅฟœ ใซใฏใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ไธญใฎ้…ธ็ด ใซๅๅฟœใฎ้€ฒ่กŒใŒ้˜ปๅฎณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ P O Fๆฏๆใ‚’ใƒข โ€”ใƒซใƒ‰ใซๆทๅ…ฅใ—ใฆ่จญ็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹้š›ใ€ ใใฎไธก็ซฏใ‚’ๅฐๆญขใงใใ‚‹ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใŒๅ…ทๅ‚™ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝ ใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€้€ฃ็ถšๆ–นๅผใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€้ž้‡ๅˆๆ€งๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ไฝŽ้‡ๅˆๅบฆ้‡^ fๆœฌใจ้ž้‡ๅˆ ๆ€งใ‚ฃๅŒ•^ )ใ‚’ๅซใพใฌ้ซ˜้‡ๅˆๅบฆ้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใ‚’ใ€้ž้‡ๅˆๆ€งๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅซใพใฌ้ซ˜้‡ๅˆๅบฆ้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใ‚’ ๅค–ๅดใซใ—ใฆใ€่ค‡ๅˆ็ดก็ณธใ—ใ€ ๅ†…้ƒจใฎ้ž้‡ๅˆๆ€งใ‚ฃๅŒ•ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒญ็†ฑๆ‹กๆ•ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚ๆŽก็”จใงใ ใ‚‹
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝœ่ฃฝใ—ใŸ G Iๅž‹ P OFใฎๅค–ๅ‘จ้ƒจใซ่ขซ่ฆ†ๅฑค ๏ผˆใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒ…ๅœๅฑค๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่จญใ‘ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚่ขซ่ฆ†ๅฑคใฏ 2ๅฑคไปฅไธŠใฎๅคšๅฑคๆง‹้€ ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚่ขซ่ฆ†ๅฑค ๏ผˆใ‚ธใƒฃ ใ‚ฑใƒƒๅœๅฑค๏ผ‰ ใซใฏใƒใƒชใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ€ ใƒใƒชๅกฉๅŒ–ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒซใ€ๅกฉ็ด ๅŒ–ใƒใƒชใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ€ ๅ–ฌใƒใƒช ใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ€ ใƒใƒชใ‚ชใƒฌใƒ•ใ‚คใƒณใ‚จใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใƒžใ€ ใƒใƒชใ‚ฆใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒณใ€ ใƒŠใ‚คใƒญใƒณๆจน่„‚ใ€ ใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณ โ€”้…ข้…ธใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒซๅ…ฑ้‡ๅˆไฝ“็ญ‰ใฎๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎ็‰ฉใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซไฟ‚ใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–^ /ใฎๅˆๆˆไพ‹ใ‚’^ ไพ‹ 1ใ€œ7ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๆธฌๅฎšใฏใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚ PMMA (ใ‚ขใƒซใƒ‰ ใƒชใƒ„ใƒ่ฃฝ่ฉฆ่–ฌใ€ w=120,000)ไธญใซ็ต„ๆˆๆฏ”ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ‚’ใ‚ทใƒชใ‚ณใƒณๅŸบๆฟไธŠใซ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ—ใ€ใƒ—ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒฉๆณ•๏ผˆๆณข้•ท 633 n m )ใซใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ๆฏ”ใจๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซไฟ‚ใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–^ )ใฎๅฑˆ ๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใ‚’็ฎ—ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใฎใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น่ปข็งปๆธฉๅบฆใฏใ€ ใƒžใƒ…ใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚จใƒณใ‚น็คพ่ฃฝ D S Cใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆ ๆ˜‡ๆธฉ ยพ 10ยฐC/m i nใซใฆๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซไฟ‚ใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ– ใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸ P 0 Fใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆ้ƒจๅ“ใจใ—ใฆใฎๆ€ง่ƒฝ ใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 16ใ€œ21ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใฎๆธฌๅฎšใฏใ€ ใ‚ซใƒผใƒซใƒ„ใ‚กใ‚คใ‚น็คพ่ฃฝใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผ ใƒ•ใ‚ขใ‚ณๅนฒๆธ‰้ก• ฮฏ่พฆ็ซŸใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅ…‰ไผ้€ๆๅคฑใฏ Heโ€” Neใƒฌไธ€ใ‚ถไธ€ ๅ…‰ ๏ผˆๆณข้•ท 633 nm)ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ‚ซใƒ„ๅœใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ๏ผš 2, 5โ€”ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช) ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใฎๅˆๆˆ
2, 5โ€”ใ‚ธใƒ–ๅฃใƒขใƒใ‚ฉใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ 12. 10 g (0. 05 Omo 1 ) ใ€ ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ 12. 1 2 g ( 0. 110 m o 1 ) ใ€้…ธๅŒ–้Š… (I) 3. 58 g (0. 025 mo 1 )ใ‚’ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ธใƒณ/ใ‚ญใƒŽใƒชใƒณ๏ผˆ1 /4) 100mlใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ 160ยฐCใง 42ๆ™‚้–“ ้‚„ๆตใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚ๅๅฟœๆถฒใ‚’ 6 Nๅกฉ้…ธใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใ€ ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณใงๆŠฝๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆœ‰ๆฉŸๅฑคใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บ ใ—ใฆใ‚จใƒใƒใƒฌใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใงๆบถๅช’ใ‚’้™คๅŽปใ—ใฆใ€ ๆทก้ป„่‰ฒใฎๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚’ใ‚ง ใ‚ฟใƒŽไธ€ใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ†็ตๆ™ถใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅŽ้‡๏ผš 10. 1 g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 6 7. 0%) o่ž็‚น๏ผš 47~48ยฐCo
Figure imgf000067_0001
: 4, 4 (ไธ€ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช๏ผ‰ ใƒ“ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใฎๅˆๆˆ 4, 4 'โ€”ใ‚ธใƒ–ใƒญใƒขใƒ“ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซ 12.50g (0.040m o 1 ) ใ€ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽใƒผใƒซ 9.70 g (0.088m o 1 )ใ€ K0H4.9 g (0.088m o 1 )ใ‚’ DM OOmlใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ 1 60ยฐC ใง 62ๆ™‚้–“ๅๅฟœใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚ๅๅฟœๆถฒใ‚’ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณใงๆŠฝๅ‡บๅพŒใ€ๆบถๅช’ใ‚’้™คๅŽปใ—ใฆ็™ฝ่‰ฒๅ›บไฝ“ใ‚’ๅพ— ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณ/ใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒณ ๏ผˆ2/8) ใ‚’ๅฑ•้–‹ๆบถๅช’ใจใ—ใฆใ‚ซใƒฉใƒ ็ฒพ่ฃฝใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ ็™ฝ่‰ฒ ๅ›บไฝ“ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ IPA/้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซ๏ผˆ9/1)ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ†็ตๆ™ถใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ๅ…‰ๆฒขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่–„ๆฟ็Šถใฎ็™ฝ่‰ฒ ๅ›บไฝ“ใฎ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅŽ้‡๏ผš 1 1 ยท 5 g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 78. 0%) ใ€‚่ž็‚น๏ผš 117.7ยฐCใ€‚
Figure imgf000067_0002
ยปไพ‹ 3 ๏ผš 1 , 4โ€”ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช๏ผ‰ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใฎๅˆๆˆ
pโ€”ใ‚ธใƒ–ใƒญใƒขใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ 11.80g (0.050m o 1 ) ใ€ ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽใƒผใƒซ 13.22g (0.1 20mo 1 ) ใ€ K0H6.73g (0.120m o 1 ) ใ‚’ DMIIOOmlใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ 1 60ยฐCใง 57ๆ™‚ ้–“ๅๅฟœใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚ๅๅฟœๆถฒใ‚’ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณใงๆŠฝๅ‡บๅพŒใ€ๆบถๅช’ใ‚’้™คๅŽปใ—ใฆ็™ฝ่‰ฒๅ›บไฝ“ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณ/ใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒณ ๏ผˆ1/9) ใ‚’ๅฑ•้–‹ๆบถๅช’ใจใ—ใฆใ‚ซใƒฉใƒ ใ‚ฏใƒญใƒžใƒˆใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’่กŒ ใ„ใ€ๆทก้ป„่‰ฒใฎๅ›บไฝ“ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ใ‚งๅค•ใƒŽใƒผใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ†็ตๆ™ถใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ๅ…‰ๆฒขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่–„ๆฟ็Šถใฎ็™ฝ ่‰ฒๅ›บไฝ“ใฎ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅŽ้‡ 7. 18g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 49.0%)ใ€‚่ž็‚น๏ผš 80ใ€œ81 ยฐCใ€‚
Figure imgf000067_0003
^ไพ‹ 4'๏ผš 1 , 3, 5โ€”ๅœใƒชใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช๏ผ‰ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใฎๅˆๆˆ
1 , 3, 5โ€”ใƒˆใƒชใƒ–ใƒญใƒขใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ 15.40g (0.0489m o 1 ) ใ€ ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽใƒผใƒซ 1 6.43g (0.149m o ฮŠ )ใ€้…ธๅŒ–้Š… (I) 3.56g (0.025m o 1 )ใ‚’ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ธใƒณ/ใ‚ญใƒŽใƒช ใƒณ ๏ผˆ 1 /4 ) 100m ฮŠใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ 1 60ใ€‚Cใง 57ๆ™‚้–“้‚„ๆตใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚ๅๅฟœๆถฒ ๏ผˆๅ›บไฝ“๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๅœ ใƒซใ‚งใƒณใซๆบถ่งฃใ•ใ›ใฆๆฐดๆด—ใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใฎๅพŒใ€ 6 Nๅกฉ้…ธใงๆด—ๆต„ใ—ใ€ ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณๅฑคใ‚’ๆŠฝๅ‡บใ— ใฆๆบถๅช’ใ‚’้™คๅŽปใ—ใ€ๆทก้ป„่‰ฒใฎๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณ/ใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒณ๏ผˆ2/8) ใ‚’ๅฑ•้–‹ๆถฒใจใ— ใฆใ‚ซใƒฉใƒ ใ‚ฏใƒญใƒžใƒˆใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ ็™ฝ่‰ฒๅ›บไฝ“ใฎ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅŽ้‡๏ผš 1 3. 0 g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 66. 0%) ใ€‚่ž็‚น๏ผš 40ใ€œ41 ยฐCใ€‚
Figure imgf000068_0001
^ : 2, 5 'ไธ€ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช๏ผ‰ ใƒ“ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใฎๅˆๆˆ ๆ’นๆ‹ŒๆฉŸใ€ ๆธฉๅบฆ่จˆใ€ ใ‚ธใƒ ใƒญใƒผใƒˆๅž‹ๅ†ทๅด่…ใ‚’ๅ‚™ใˆใŸ 4ใคๅฃใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚นใ‚ณใซ 5๏ผŒ5'โ€”ใ‚ธใƒ–ๅฃ ใƒข- 2๏ผŒ 2'โ€”ใ‚ธใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ 4.86 g (0.015mo ฮŠ ) ใ€ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽใƒผใƒซ 6.78g (0.062m o 1 )ใ€ 7้…ธๅŒ–ใ‚ซใƒชใ‚ฆใƒ  4.049 (0.072mo 1 )ใ€่„ฑๆฐด DM 150mlใ‚’ไป•่พผใฟใ€ๅ ๅฟœๆธฉๅบฆ 130ยฐCใง 13ๆ™‚้–“ 30ๅˆ†ใ€ 160ยฐCใง 6ๆ™‚้–“ 30ๅˆ†้‚„ๆตใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅๅฟœๆถฒใซใ€ๆฐด 500 gใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๆ’นๆ‹Œใ—ใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๆ’นๆ‹Œใ—ใ€ๅๅฟœๆถฒใ‚’ๅˆ†ๆถฒใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆœ‰ๆฉŸๅฑค ใ‚’้ฃฝๅ’Œ N a C ฮŠๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใงๆด—ๆต„ใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ ็„กๆฐด็กซ้…ธใƒžใ‚ฐใƒใ‚ทใ‚ฅๅŽถใง่„ฑๆฐดใ—ใ€ ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณ ใ‚’็•™ๅŽปใ—ใฆๆทก้ป„่‰ฒใฎๅ›บไฝ“ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ›บไฝ“ใ‚’ I P Aใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ†็ตๆ™ถใ—ใฆ็ฒพ่ฃฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๆทก้ป„่‰ฒใฎ้‡็Šถ็ตๆ™ถใฎ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅŽ้‡๏ผš 5. 23g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 91. 1 %)ใ€‚ ฮฏ่™ซ็‚น๏ผš 1 10ใ€œ1 1 2ยฐCใ€‚
Figure imgf000068_0002
ไพ‹ 6 ๏ผš 4, 6โ€”ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช๏ผ‰ ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณใฎๅˆๆˆ
ๆ’น ฮฏ็ฒพใ€ๆธฉๅบฆ่จˆใ€ ใ‚ธใƒ ใƒญใƒผใƒˆๅž‹ๅ†ทๅด่…ใ‚’ๅ‚™ใˆใŸ 4ใคๅฃใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚นใ‚ณใซ 4, 6โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ ๅฃๅฃใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณ 7.45g (0.050m o 1 )ใ€ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽใƒผใƒซ 22.12g (0.201m o 1 )ใ€ ๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใ‚ซใƒชใ‚ฆใƒ  11.32g (0.202m o 1 )ใ€่„ฑๆฐด DMI80mlใ‚’ไป•่พผใฟใ€ๅๅฟœ^^ 1 30ยฐCใง 1ๆ™‚้–“ 50ๅˆ†ใ€ 150ยฐCใง 4ๆ™‚้–“ 30ๅˆ†้‚„ๆตใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅๅฟœๆถฒใซใ€ ๆฐด 1000gใ‚’ๅŠ  ใˆใฆๆ’นๆ‹Œใ—ใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๆ’นๆ‹Œใ—ใ€ ๅๅฟœๆถฒใ‚’ๅˆ†ๆถฒใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆœ‰ๆฉŸๅฑคใ‚’้ฃฝ ๅ’Œ NaC 1ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใงๆด—ๆต„ใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ ็„กๆฐด็กซ้…ธใƒžใ‚ฐใƒใ‚ทใ‚ฆใƒ ใง่„ฑๆฐดใ—ใ€ ้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚’ ็•™ๅŽปใ—ใฆ่Œถ่‰ฒใฎๅ›บไฝ“ใจๆถฒไฝ“ใฎๆททๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚’ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณ/้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซ ๏ผˆ8 II)ใงใ‚ซใƒฉใƒ ็ฒพ่ฃฝใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ ้ป„่‰ฒๅ›บไฝ“ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ›บไฝ“ใจๅ…ˆใฎๅ›บไฝ“ใ‚’ IP Aใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ† ็ตๆ™ถใ—ใฆ็ฒพ่ฃฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๆทก้ป„่‰ฒใฎ็ตๆ™ถใฎ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅŽ้‡๏ผš 7. 75g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 52ยท 3%) ใ€‚่ž็‚น๏ผš 117ยฐCใ€‚
Figure imgf000069_0001
ไพ‹ 7 : 1 , 3๏ผŒ 5โ€”ใƒˆใƒชใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช๏ผ‰ ๅœใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณใฎๅˆๆˆ ๆ’น ฮฏๆฌŠใ€ๆธฉๅบฆ่จˆใ€ ใ‚ธใƒ ๅฃไธ€ๅœๅž‹ๅ†ทๅด่…ใ‚’ๅ‚™ใˆใŸ 4ใคๅฃใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚นใ‚ณใซใ€ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ 16.58g (0.150mo ฮŠ ) ใ€ใƒ•]้…ธใ‚ฃๅŒ•ใ‚ซใƒชใ‚ฆใƒ  9.90 g (0.176m ฮฟ ฮŠ )ใ€่„ฑๆฐด D M 180m 1ใ‚’ไป•่พผใฟใ€ๅๅฟœ 80ยฐฮŸใง 2Bๅฏบ้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใฎๅๅฟœๆถฒใซใ€ๅกฉๅŒ–ใ‚ทใ‚กใƒŒใƒซ 9.22g(0.050mo 1 )ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๅๅฟœๆธฉๅบฆ 120ยฐCใง 3flๅฏบ้–“ใ€ใ€— 40ยฐCใง 9Bๅฏบ้–“้‚„ๆตใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅๅฟœๆถฒใซๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๆ’นๆ‹Œใ—ใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๆ’น ฮฏๅŠใ—ใ€ๅๅฟœๆถฒใ‚’ๅˆ† ๆถฒใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆœ‰ๆฉŸๅฑคใ‚’้ฃฝๅ’Œ N a C 1ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใงๆด—ๆต„ใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ ็„กๆฐด็กซ้…ธใƒžใ‚ฐใƒใ‚ทใ‚ฆใƒ ใง่„ฑ ๆฐดใ—ใ€้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚’็•™ๅŽปใ—ใฆ้ป„่‰ฒใฎ็ฒ˜ๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใฎๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚’ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณ/ ใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒณ๏ผˆ6/4)ใงใ‚ซใƒฉใƒ ็ฒพ่ฃฝใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€้ป„่‰ฒใฎ็ฒ˜ๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆถฒไฝ“ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ๏ผˆๆ”พ็ฝฎๅพŒ็ต ๆ™ถๅŒ–๏ผ‰ ใ“ใฎๅ›บไฝ“ใ‚’ I PA'ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ†็ตๆ™ถใ—ใฆ็ฒพ่ฃฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ็™ฝ่‰ฒใฎ้‡็Šถ็ตๆ™ถใฎ ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅŽ้‡๏ผš 8.799 (ๅŽ็Ž‡๏ผš 43.3%) ใ€‚่ž็‚น๏ผš 97~99ยฐCo
Figure imgf000069_0002
[ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใฎๆธฌๅฎš]
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 8
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 4ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ—ใŸ 1 , 3, 5โ€”ๅœใƒชใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช๏ผ‰ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ‚’ PMMA ไธญใซ็ต„ๆˆๆฏ”ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆ่†œใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผๆณ•ใซ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅ›ณ 1ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็›ด็ทšใ‚’ๅค–ๆŒฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ 1 , 3 , 5 โ€”ๅœใƒชใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช๏ผ‰ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใฏ n = 1 . 7 0 2ใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅˆ† ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ 1
ใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ใ‚’ P MM Aไธญใซๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆ่†œใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใ‚’ๅฎŸ ๆ–ฝไพ‹ 8ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅ›ณ 1ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚ๅค–ๆŒฟใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ใฏ n = 1 . 6 1 5ใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
้บตๅˆ— 9ใ€œ"๏ผ 4
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 8ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ—ใฆๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใฎ็ต„ๆˆๆฏ”ไพๅญ˜ๆ€งใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใ€็›ด็ทšใ‚’ๅค–ๆŒฟใ—ใฆๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใ‚’็ฎ—ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€‚็ตๆžœใ‚’ไธ‹่จ˜็ฌฌ 1่กจใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใšใ‚ŒใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚‚ใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚ง ใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
็ฌฌ 1่กจ ๅˆ†ๅญๆง‹้€  ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡๏ผˆๅค–ๆทๅ€ค) ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 9 ) 1.690 ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 10 ) 1.723 ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 11 ) 1.700
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 12 ) 1.738 ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 13 ) 1.672
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 14 ) 1.698
Figure imgf000070_0001
*) P M M Aไธญใซๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใ•ใ›ใŸใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ  [ใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น่ปข็งปๆธฉๅบฆใฎๆธฌๅฎš]
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 5
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 4ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ—ใŸ 1 , 3, 5โ€”ๅœใƒชใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช๏ผ‰ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ‚’ PMMA ไธญใซ็ต„ๆˆๆฏ”ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใ•ใ›ใŸใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซๅŽถใฎใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น่ปข็งปๆธฉๅบฆใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅ›ณ 2ใซๆธฌ ๅฎšใ—ใŸใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น่ปข็งปๆธฉๅบฆใ‚’ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใƒ—ใƒญใƒƒๅœใ—ใŸ็ตๆžœใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ 2
ใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ใ‚’ P MM Aไธญใซๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใ•ใ›ใŸใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซๅŽถใฎใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น่ปข็งปๆธฉๅบฆใ‚’ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 5ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅ›ณ 2ใซ็คบใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๅญๅฃ Pใƒญใƒญใ€
็ดฐๅˆ— 1 6
ๆฐดๅนณใซไฟๆŒใ—ใŸ้•ทใ• 500mmใ€ ๅ†…ๅพ„ 18 mmใฎใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น็ฎกใซใƒขใƒŽใƒžใƒผใจใ—ใฆใƒก ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใƒกใƒใƒซ ๏ผˆMMA) 1 1 2gใ€้‡ๅˆ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ‘ใƒผๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ต ใ‚คใƒ‰ 0. 56 gใ€้€ฃ้Ž–็งปๅ‹•ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ nโ€”ใƒ—ใƒใƒซใƒกใƒซๅŠ›ใƒ—ๅค•ใƒณ 350 ใƒชใƒƒใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ ๅ……ๅกซใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น็ฎกใฎไธก็ซฏใ‚’ใ‚ทใƒผใƒซใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ 3000 r pmใงๅ›ž่ปขใ•ใ›ใชใŒใ‚‰ 7 0 ยฐCใง 20ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑใ—ใ€ ใใฎๅพŒๅ›ž่ปขใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ 90 ยฐCใง 10ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑใ—้‡ๅˆใ—ใฆใƒใƒช ใƒกๅค•ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒซ้…ธใƒกใƒใƒซ ๏ผˆPMMA) ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹้‡ๅˆ็ฎกใ‚’ไฝœ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผใƒญใƒƒ ใƒ‰ใฎไธญๅฟƒใซใƒ‰ใƒชใƒซใง 5 mmๅพ„ใฎไธญ็ฉบ้ƒจใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใฆไธญ็ฉบ็ฎกใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ“ใฎ PMMA่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ็ฎกใฎ็‰‡็ซฏใ‚’ๅฐใ˜ใ€ MMA48gใ€ไธ‹่จ˜ใซ็คบใ—ใŸ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ ไธ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒˆ 1 2 gใ€้‡ๅˆ้–‹ ijใจใ—ใฆใ‚ธไธ€ tโ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒซใƒไธ€ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ 54 ใƒชใƒƒใƒˆ ใƒซใ€้Š่‡ญ็งปๅ‹•ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ nโ€”ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒชใƒซใƒกใƒซใ‚ซใƒ–ใ‚ฟใƒณ 1 60 ใƒชใƒ„ใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๅ……ยพใ—ใ€ไป– ็ซฏใ‚’ๅฐใ˜ใŸๅพŒใ€ๆฐดๅนณใซไฟๆŒใ—ใ€ 10 r pmใงๅ›ž่ปขใ•ใ›ใชใŒใ‚‰ 95ยฐCใง 24ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚ซใƒญ ็†ฑใ€ ใใฎๅพŒๅ›ž่ปขใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ 1 10ยฐCใง 48ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚ซใƒญ็†ฑใ—้‡ๅˆใ—ใฆๅค–ๅพ„ 1 8 mmใฎใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ ใ‚’ lg 0
Figure imgf000071_0001
ใ“ใฎใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ‚ฃไธ€ใƒ‰่ฃ…็ฝฎใซๅž‚็›ดใซๅ–ใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘ใ€ 220ยฐCใฎๅ††็ญ’็ŠถๅŠ ็†ฑ็‚‰ ใงๅŠ ็†ฑๆบถ่žใ—ใคใคไธ€ๅฎš้€Ÿๅบฆใงๅผ•ใๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ๆฒใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆบถ่ž็ดก็ณธใ—ใ€็›ดๅพ„ 0. 75 mmใฎๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒๆ–ญ้ขใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒ ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใŒไธญๅฟƒ้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค–ๅดๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฃ็ถš็š„ใซๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใฎ 100m้•ทใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ไผ้€็‰นๆ€งใ‚’่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ไผ้€ๆๅคฑใŒๆณข ้•ท 650 nmใซใŠใ„ใฆ 17. 8dBใ€ไผ้€ๅธฏๅŸŸใŒ 3. 4GHzใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ† ๅธƒๅž‹ POFใจใ—ใฆ่‰ฏๅฅฝใชๆ€ง่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใ‚’ 85ยฐC ใฎๆ‰ไธ€ใƒ–ใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ‚ซใƒญ็†ฑ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ 3000ๆ™‚้–“ๅพŒใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎš ใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅˆๆœŸใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
่ซญไพ‹ 17
i 6ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝœ่ฃฝใ—ใŸ PMM A่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ็ฎกใ‚’็”จใ„ใ€ ใ“ใฎ PMMA่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ ็ฎกใซ MMA48gใ€ไธ‹่จ˜ใซ็คบใ—ใŸ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ไธ€ใƒ‘ใƒณๅœ 12gใ€้‡ๅˆ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ ใ‚ธไธ€ tไธ€ใƒ—ใƒใƒซใƒŽ \ยฐโ€”ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ 54 ฮผใƒชใƒ…ๅœใƒซใ€้€ฃ้Ž–็งปๅ‹•ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ ฮทโ€”ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒชใƒซ ใƒกใƒซใ‚ซใƒ—ใ‚ฟใƒณ 160 ใƒชใƒƒใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๅ……ๅกซใ—ใ€ไป–็ซฏใ‚’ๅฐใ˜ใŸๅพŒใ€ 7kๅนณใซไฟๆŒใ—ใ€ 10 r pmใงๅ›ž่ปขใ•ใ›ใชใŒใ‚‰ 95ยฐCใง 24Bๅฏบ้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑใ€ ใใฎๅพŒๅ›ž่ปขใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ 1 10ยฐCใง 4 8ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑใ—้‡ๅˆใ—ใฆๅค–ๅพ„ 18 m mใฎใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚
Figure imgf000072_0001
ใ“ใฎใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ‚ฃไธ€ใƒ‰่ฃ…็ฝฎใซๅž‚็›ดใซๅ–ใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘ใ€ 220ยฐCใฎๅ††็ญ’็ŠถๅŠ ็†ฑ็‚‰ ใงๅŠ ็†ฑๆบถ่žใ—ใคใคไธ€ๅฎš้€Ÿๅบฆใงๅผ“ ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ๆฒใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆบถ่ž็ดก็ณธใ—ใ€็›ดๅพ„ 0. 75mmใฎๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚ฃ )ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒŽ ๆ–ญ้ขใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒ ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใŒไธญๅฟƒ้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค–ๅดๆ–นๅ‘ใซใชใ ใ‚‰ใ‹ใซๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ๅพ— ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใฎ 100m้•ทใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ไผ้€็‰นๆ€งใ‚’่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ไผ้€ๆๅคฑใŒ ๆณข้•ท 65 OnmใซใŠใ„ใฆ 15. 3 dBใ€ไผ้€ๅธฏๅŸŸใŒ 3. 1 GHzใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ ๅˆ†ๅธƒๅž‹ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใจใ—ใฆ่‰ฏๅฅฝใชๆ€ง่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ ๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใ‚’ 85 ยฐCใฎใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใฆๅŠ›๏ผ]็†ฑ่จ€ i้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ 3000ๆ™‚้–“ๅพŒใซใŠใ‘ ใ‚‹ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅˆๆœŸใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
่ญฐไพ‹ 18
้›ฃไพ‹ 16ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝœ่ฃฝใ—ใŸ PMM A่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ็ฎกใ‚’็”จใ„ใ€ ใ“ใฎ PMMA่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ ็ฎกใซ MMA48gใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ใซ็คบใ—ใŸ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœ 12gใ€้‡ๅˆ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ ใ‚ธใƒผ t -ใƒ–'ใƒใƒซใƒŽ \ยฐไธ€ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ 54 ใƒชใƒƒใƒˆใƒซใ€้€ฃ้Ž–็งปๅ‹•ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ nโ€”ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒชใƒซ ใƒกใƒซใ‚ซใƒ—ๅค•ใƒณ 160ฮผใƒชใƒ…ใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๅ……ๅกซใ—ใ€ ็‰‡็ซฏใ‚’ๅฐใ˜ใŸๅพŒใ€ๆฐดๅนณใซไฟๆŒใ—ใ€ 10 ใ€Œ ใงๅ›ž่ปขใ•ใ›ใชใŒใ‚‰95ยฐใ€‡ใง24ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑใ€ ใใฎๅพŒๅ›ž่ปขใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ 1 10ยฐCใง 4 8ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑใ—้‡ๅˆใ—ใฆๅค–ๅพ„ 17. 6 m mใฎใƒญใƒ…ใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚
Figure imgf000073_0001
ใ“ใฎใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ใƒญใƒƒ ใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ‚ฃไธ€ใƒ‰่ฃ…็ฝฎใซๅž‚็›ดใซๅ–ใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘ใ€ 220ยฐCใฎๅ††็ญ’็ŠถๅŠ ็†ฑ็‚‰ ใงๅŠ ็†ฑๆบถ่žใ—ใคใคไธ€ๅฎš้€Ÿๅบฆใงๅผ“ Iใๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ๆฒใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆบถ่ž็ดก็ณธใ—ใ€็›ดๅพ„ 0. 75mmใฎๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒŽ ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒŽ ๆ–ญ้ขใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒ ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใŒไธญๅฟƒ้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค–ๅดๆ–นๅ‘ใซใชใ ใ‚‰ใ‹ใซๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ๅพ— ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใฎ 100m้•ทใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ไผ้€็‰นๆ€งใ‚’่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ไผ้€ๆๅคฑใŒ ๆณข้•ท 65 OnmใซใŠใ„ใฆ 14. 5 8ใ€ ^ยพๅธฏๆˆ–ใŒ2. 3GHzใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฑˆ ฮฏๆ–ค็Ž‡ ๅˆ†ๅธƒๅž‹ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใจใ—ใฆ่‰ฏๅฅฝใชๆ€ง่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ ๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใ‚’ 85 ยฐCใฎใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใฆๅŠ ็†ฑ St้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ 3000ๆ™‚้–“ๅพŒใซใŠใ‘ ใ‚‹ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ๅˆๆœŸใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
้บตๅˆ— 19
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 16ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝœ่ฃฝใ—ใŸ PMM A่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ็ฎกใ‚’็”จใ„ใ€ ใ“ใฎ PMMA่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ็ฎก ใซ MMA48gใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ใซ็คบใ—ใŸ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœ 12gใ€ ้‡ๅˆ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใ‚ธ ไธ€ tไธ€ใƒ—ใƒใƒซใƒไธ€ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ 54 ใƒชใƒ„ใƒˆใƒซใ€้€ฃ้Ž–็งปๅ‹•ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ nโ€”ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒชใƒซใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ–ใ‚ฟใƒณ 160 / ใƒชใƒ„ใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๅ……ๅกซใ—ใ€ไป–็ซฏใ‚’ๅฐใ˜ใŸๅพŒใ€ๆฐดๅนณใซไฟๆŒใ—ใ€ 10 r pmใงๅ›ž่ปขใ•ใ›ใชใŒใ‚‰ 95ยฐCใง 24ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚ซใƒญ็†ฑใ€ ใใฎๅพŒๅ›ž่ปขใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ 1 10ยฐใ€‡ใง48 ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑใ—้‡ๅˆใ—ใฆๅค–ไฝณ 18 m mใฎใƒญใƒ… ใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚
Figure imgf000074_0001
ใ“ใฎใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰่ฃ…็ฝฎใซๅž‚็›ดใซๅ–ใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘ใ€ 220ยฐCใฎๅ††็ญ’็ŠถๅŠ ็†ฑ็‚‰ ใงๅŠ ็†ฑๆบถ่žใ—ใคใคไธ€ๅฎš ยพ ^ใงๅผ“ Iใๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ๆฒใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆบถ่ž็ดก็ณธใ—ใ€็›ดๅพ„ 0. 75 mmใฎๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒๆ–ญ้ขใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒ ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใŒไธญๅฟƒ้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค–ๅดๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฃ็ถš็š„ใซๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใฎ 100m้•ทใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ไผ้€็‰นๆ€งใ‚’่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ฮฏยพฮ™ๆๅคฑใŒๆณข ้•ท 650 nmใซใŠใ„ใฆ 17. 8dBใ€ไผ้€ๅธฏๅŸŸใŒ 3. 5GHzใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ† ๅธƒๅž‹ POFใจใ—ใฆ่‰ฏๅฅฝใชๆ€ง่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใ‚’ 85ยฐC ใฎใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ‚ซใƒญ็†ฑ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ 3000ๆ™‚้–“ๅพŒใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎš ใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅˆๆœŸใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
้บตๅˆ— 20
16ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝœ่ฃฝใ—ใŸ PMM A่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ็ฎกใ‚’็”จใ„ใ€ ใ“ใฎ PMMA่ฃฝไธญ็ฉบ ็ฎกใซ MM A 48 gใ€ไธ‹่จ˜ใซ็คบใ—ใŸ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœ 1 2 gใ€้‡ๅˆ้–‹ๅง‹ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ ใ‚ธใƒผ tไธ€ใƒ— 'ใƒใƒซใƒไธ€ๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ 54 ใƒชใƒ…ๅœใƒซใ€้€ฃ้Ž–็งปๅ‹•ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ nโ€”ใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒชใƒซ ใƒกใƒซใ‚ซใƒ–ใ‚ฟใƒณ 160 ใƒชใƒ…ใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๅ……ๅกซใ—ใ€ไป–็ซฏใ‚’ๅฐใ˜ใŸๅพŒใ€ 7ๅนณใซไฟๆŒใ—ใ€ 10 r pmใงๅ›ž่ปขใ•ใ›ใชใŒใ‚‰ 95ยฐCใง 24ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑใ€ ใใฎๅพŒๅ›ž่ปขใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ 110ยฐCใง 4 8ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑใ—้‡ๅˆใ—ใฆๅค–ๅพ„ 18 m mใฎใƒญใƒ…ใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚
Figure imgf000075_0001
ใ“ใฎใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ใƒญใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ‚ฃไธ€ใƒ‰่ฃ…็ฝฎใซๅž‚็›ดใซๅ–ใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘ใ€ 220ยฐCใฎๅ††็ญ’็ŠถๅŠ ็†ฑ็‚‰ ใงๅŠ ็†ฑๆบถ่žใ—ใคใคไธ€ๅฎš้€Ÿๅบฆใงๅผ“ Iใๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ๆฒใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆบถ่ž็ดก็ณธใ—ใ€็›ดๅพ„ 0. 75 mmใฎๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒŽ ใ‚’ ฮฏๅฏปใŸใ€‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒๆ–ญ้ขใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒ ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใŒไธญๅฟƒ้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค–ๅดๆ–นๅ‘ใซใชใ ใ‚‰ใ‹ใซๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ๅพ— ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใฎ 1 OOm้•ทใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ฃยพยพ็‰นใ™็”Ÿใ‚’่ฉ• iffiใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ไผ้€ๆๅคฑใŒ ๆณข้•ท 650 nmใซใŠใ„ใฆ 1 6. 2 d Bใ€ ไผ้€ๅธฏๅŸŸๅŠ› 3. 1 GHzใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฑˆๆ–ค็Ž‡ ๅˆ†ๅธƒๅž‹ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใจใ—ใฆ่‰ฏๅฅฝใชๆ€ง่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ ๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใ‚’ 85 ยฐCใฎใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใฆๅŠ› []็†ฑ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ 3000ๆ™‚้–“ๅพŒใซใŠใ‘ ใ‚‹ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅˆๆœŸใฎๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
้ถดไพ‹ 21
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1ใซ่จ€ๅทฑ่ผ‰ใ—ใŸ 2, 5โ€”ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ช๏ผ‰ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใ‚’ PMMAใซ 2 Owt%ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใ€ ไนณ้‰ขใง 10ๅˆ†้–“ๆททๅˆใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’็†ฑใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚นๆฉŸใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซ ใƒ ใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆๅ…‰ๅญฆ็‰ฉๆ€งใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅ…จๅ…‰็ทš ็Ž‡ 91 %ใ€่‰ฒ็›ธ 3. 5ใ€ nd 1. 5187ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ™ๆ•ฐ 46. 7ใฎใƒ•ใ‚คใƒซใƒ ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ€‚ PMMAๅ˜็‹ฌใฎ้€้Ž็Ž‡ ใ‚„่‰ฒ็›ธใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใšใซๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
็”ฃๆฅญไธŠใฎๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใฏใ€ๅพ“ๆฅ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ‘ใƒณๅœใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅŠน็Ž‡่‰ฏใ้ซ˜ๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅŒ– ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅŠนๆžœใŒๅฐใ•ใ่€็†ฑๆ€งใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆใฎไฟก ้ ผๆ€งใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆ้ƒจๅ“ใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ GIๅž‹ P0Fใฏใ€ๅพ“ๆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซๆฏ”ในๅฑˆๆŠ˜็Ž‡ๅˆ†ๅธƒ ใฎ่€็†ฑๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒใจใ—ใฆใฎไผ้€็‰นๆ€งใฎไฟก้ ผๆ€งใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ• ใ›ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ P0Fใฏใ€ๅพ“ๆฅใฎ P0Fใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠใฎใ‚งใƒณใ‚ธ ใƒณใƒซไธ€ๅŽถ็ญ‰ใฎ่€็†ฑๆ€งใŒ่ฆๆฑ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅˆ†้‡ŽใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚้•ทๆœŸ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใจใชใ‚‹ใ€‚

Claims

่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒ
1 . ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ 1 ) ใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 1็จฎๅซๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใชใ‚‹ๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
Figure imgf000077_0001
[ๅผไธญใ€ nใฏ 2ใ€œ1 2ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€ kใฏ 1ใ€œnใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
Aใฏใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€ nไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐ ๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ ยพ็Ÿฃ็’ฐใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€
B1ใ€œBnใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ ยพ็Ÿฃ ๅŸบใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ]
2. โ€”่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ nใฏ 2ใ€œ4ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‹ใค Aใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
3. ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ฮ’1ใ€œฮ’ฮ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญ ใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 2่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
4. ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ฮ‘ใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ› ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณไธ€ 1 , 1โ€”ใ‚ธๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ‰็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒŽ [ 3 , 2โ€” b ]ใƒใ‚ฉใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๅœใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ› ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2ไพกใฎ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ ่Šณ้ฆ™ ยพ็Ÿฃ็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 2่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
5. ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ฮ’1ใ€œฮ’ฮ ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญ ใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 4่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
6. ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ AใŒ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ› ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๅœใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณ ๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 3ไพกใฎ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 2่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
7. ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 )ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญ ใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พ'ใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 6่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
8. ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ Aใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’Ÿใ€็ฝฎๆ› ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒŽ [ 3 , 2โ€” b ]ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐ ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 4ไพกใฎ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 2่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
9. ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 )ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B 1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญ ใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 8่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
10.ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( 1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ nใŒ 2ใ€œ6ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‹ใค Aใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
11 .ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 )ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B 1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญ ใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ—ใ€ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ—ใ€ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 0่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
12.ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ AใŒ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบ ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ“ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซ็’ฐใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2ไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด  ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 0่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
13.ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 )ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B 1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญ ใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 2่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
14.ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ AใŒ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบ , ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 3ไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 0่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
15 -่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 )ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B 1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ตใ‚พ 'ใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 4่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
16. ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 ) ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ AใŒ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบ ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ“ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซ็’ฐใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 4ไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 0่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
17.ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( )ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ B 1ใ€œBnใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญ ใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 6่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
18. ใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1ใ€œ1 7่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆๆๆ–™ใ€‚
19.่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 8่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ๆๆ–™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹ๅ…‰ๅญฆ้ƒจๅ“ใ€‚
20. G Iๅž‹ใƒใƒชใƒžใƒผๅ…‰ใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒไธ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 9่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…‰ๅญฆ้ƒจๅ“ใ€‚
21 .ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 a ) ใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€‚
A-(-S-B k )2 (1 a) [ๅผไธญใ€ kใฏ 1ใ€œ2ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
Aใฏใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒฌใƒณ ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ่‰ฏใ„ใƒ“ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒ ใƒซ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จ ใƒณโ€” 1๏ผŒ 1โ€”ใ‚ธๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ‰็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒŽ [ 3., 2โ€” b ]ใƒใ‚ฉใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๅœใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ‹ใ‚‰้ธ ใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2ไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€
B 1ใ€ B2ใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พ'ใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซ ๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พ.ใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใพใŸ ใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’Ÿๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ]
22.ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ1 b ) ใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€‚
Aโ€” (-S-B k )3 (1 b) [ๅผไธญใ€ kใฏ 1ใ€œ3ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
Aใฏใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ชใƒฌใƒณ ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๅœใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณ ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒณ็’ฐใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ 3ไพกใฎ็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ— ็’ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’Ÿๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€
B1ใ€ B2ใ€ B3ใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ› ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ• ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎ ๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ก ใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ— ๅŸบใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ]
23.ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ๏ผˆ1 c ) ใง่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒ‰ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€‚
Aโ€” (-S-B k ) ฮ› (1 c)
[ๅผไธญใ€ kใฏ 1ใ€œ4ใฎๆ•ดๆ•ฐใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
Aใฏใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ“ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซ ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒŽ [ 3๏ผŒ 2โ€” b ]ใƒๆ‰ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณ็’ฐใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็’ฐใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ— ็’ฐใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€
B 1ใ€ B2ใ€ B3ใ€ B4ใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ใซใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ”ใƒชใƒŸใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎ ๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พ'ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พๆ‰ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธ ใ‚กใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ‹ใ‚‰้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็‚ญ็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ ๆ—ๅŸบใพใŸใฏ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐๅผ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ]
PCT/JP2001/004491 2000-05-31 2001-05-29 Materiau optique et element optique contenant un compose de sulfure aromatique et compose de sulfure aromatique WO2001092925A1 (fr)

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WO2018230595A1 (ja) * 2017-06-14 2018-12-20 ๅฏŒๅฃซใƒ•ใ‚คใƒซใƒ ๆ ชๅผไผš็คพ ็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉใ€่†œใ€ใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ€ๅ›บไฝ“ๆ’ฎๅƒ็ด ๅญใ€ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ
JPWO2018230595A1 (ja) * 2017-06-14 2020-04-16 ๅฏŒๅฃซใƒ•ใ‚คใƒซใƒ ๆ ชๅผไผš็คพ ็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉใ€่†œใ€ใƒฌใƒณใ‚บใ€ๅ›บไฝ“ๆ’ฎๅƒ็ด ๅญใ€ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ
US11656384B2 (en) 2017-06-14 2023-05-23 Fujifilm Corporation Composition, film, lens, solid state imaging element, and compounds

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