WO2001055758A1 - Module de rechauffage et module guide d'ondes optiques - Google Patents
Module de rechauffage et module guide d'ondes optiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001055758A1 WO2001055758A1 PCT/JP2001/000352 JP0100352W WO0155758A1 WO 2001055758 A1 WO2001055758 A1 WO 2001055758A1 JP 0100352 W JP0100352 W JP 0100352W WO 0155758 A1 WO0155758 A1 WO 0155758A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical waveguide
- module according
- heater
- ceramic
- ceramic heater
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4256—Details of housings
- G02B6/426—Details of housings mounting, engaging or coupling of the package to a board, a frame or a panel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/30—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4266—Thermal aspects, temperature control or temperature monitoring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heater module and an optical waveguide module for heating an optical waveguide element.
- a Peltier device and an optical module have been used as a device for controlling the temperature of an optical waveguide element provided in an optical waveguide module. Also, in the optical waveguide module, it is necessary to form a passage for drawing an optical fiber used for transmitting an optical signal to and from an external device into the module, so that it is difficult to hermetically seal the module. In a state where the airtightness is not maintained, it is difficult to secure the reliability of the Peltier device that is weak to humidity. Therefore, the temperature control of the optical waveguide device is generally performed by the optical module.
- This module has a heat generating circuit (resistance) that generates heat when energized, so that heat from the heat generating circuit is transmitted to the optical waveguide element via the insulating layer. It is configured.
- the above conventional technology has the following problems. That is, if the temperature distribution inside the optical waveguide element is large, the refractive index of the substrate changes depending on the location, and further, the size of the optical waveguide changes due to the difference in thermal expansion of the substrate. The characteristics will be affected. For this reason, temperature uniformity inside the optical waveguide device is required. Therefore, ceramics heaters such as alumina (heat conductivity 20 W / mK) having relatively high thermal conductivity have been often used. However, in recent years, especially in the field of optical communication, the trend toward large capacity and high speed communication has become remarkable. Large area optical waveguide devices have been used. Furthermore, there is a strong demand for multiplexing more signals for a certain frequency width than before. The demand for temperature uniformity is increasing.
- the conventional optical waveguide module generally has a thickness of about 2 mm, while the other modules generally have a thickness of about 10 mm. Therefore, in a device equipped with an optical waveguide module, the design rules for designing a device consisting only of other modules cannot be applied, and a special design is required, resulting in design efficiency, design cost, and further, device cost. There is a problem that the optical waveguide module is raised, and it is desired to reduce the thickness of the optical waveguide module.
- optical waveguide element is constantly heated by the heater during operation, it is required to reduce power consumption as much as possible.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an optical waveguide module and an optical waveguide module that can improve the temperature uniformity of an optical waveguide element, have a small thickness, and have reduced power consumption.
- the purpose is to provide.
- Means for improving the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element include:
- the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element was set to ⁇ 0 by setting the thickness of the Cu heat equalizing plate 120 to about 3 mm. It turned out that it could be 5 ° C. However, because of the thickness of Cu, the thickness of the optical waveguide module cannot be reduced. That is, light As described above, the thickness of the waveguide module is desired to be 1 O mm or less because the thickness of other modules is 10 mm or less, but a heat equalizing plate 120 is required. For some reason, it was found that the thickness was about 2 O mm. It was also found that this was the main reason for the conventional optical waveguide module having a very large thickness.
- the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide device 2 could be made ⁇ 0.5 ° C. by the method (2), but the thickness could not be reduced as in (1). Because of the structure that heats the entire module, and consequently the entire module, there is a problem that the power consumption of the heater cannot be reduced. In other words, the power consumption in the method (1) was about 5 W when the optical waveguide was kept at 80 ° C at an environmental temperature of 0 ° C, but the power consumption in the method (2) was 10 W or more. And the power consumption was more than twice as high. This was contrary to the desire to reduce power consumption as much as possible.
- the present inventors have found that, in order to simultaneously satisfy the required characteristics of the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element, the thickness of the heater module and the optical waveguide module, and low power consumption, a heat equalizing plate is required. It has been found that it is most effective to improve the thermal conductivity of the ceramic material itself without using 120 etc. According to this structure, not only can the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2 be improved, but also the thickness of the optical waveguide module can be reduced because a heat equalizing plate is not used. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to heat the soaking plate, low power consumption can be achieved.
- the heating module of the present invention is a heating module for heating an optical waveguide element, and a heating circuit that generates heat when energized and an A stacked on the heating circuit. It is characterized by having ceramic ceramics with an IN ceramics layer.
- the ceramics layer of the ceramics heater is formed of A1N having a high thermal conductivity, the heat transmitted from the heating circuit is substantially uniform in the ceramics layer.
- the optical waveguide element diffused and further placed on the ceramic layer is heated uniformly. Specifically, it is possible to make the temperature distribution inside the optical waveguide element ⁇ 0.5 ° C or less.
- the thickness of the heating module can be reduced.
- the thickness of the optical waveguide module including the heater module can be reduced to 10 mm or less.
- the heat module further includes a heat insulating substrate that supports the ceramic heater and has heat insulating properties.
- the heat generated in the heat generating circuit is prevented from being released from the heat insulating substrate, thereby preventing the heat distribution of the ceramic heater from becoming uneven.
- the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element can be further improved.
- the heat insulating substrate may include alumina or alumina and silica glass. Further, the heat insulating substrate may include a resin or a resin and silica glass.
- the heat insulating substrate has a plurality of protrusions for supporting the ceramic heater, and an air layer is formed around each protrusion. It is preferred that When such a configuration is adopted, the ceramic substrate is held by a plurality of protrusions, so that the ceramic substrate is not in full contact with the heat insulating substrate but in partial contact therewith. Even when the substrate and the protruding portion are bonded to each other, it is possible to prevent a warp from being generated over the ceramic layer and prevent the resin from peeling off from the ceramic layer.
- the thickness of the air layer formed as the heat insulating layer is not less than 0.0 lmm and not more than 5 mm.
- the ceramic heater and the heat insulating substrate may be bonded with a resin.
- a resin in order to improve the bonding strength of this resin, it is preferable to control the surface roughness of the surface of the ceramic heater to be bonded to the resin to be 0.05 to 10 ⁇ m or more in Ra. Better.
- an oxide layer, a glass coat layer, or an A1 vapor-deposited layer may be formed on the bonding surface between the ceramics resin and the resin.
- the heat insulating substrate may be screwed through a hole provided in the ceramic substrate.
- a pressing means may be provided for pressing the ceramic screen toward the heat insulating substrate, and the pressing means may fix the ceramic heater to the heat insulating substrate.
- a temperature detecting element for detecting a temperature of the ceramic heater is further provided, and the temperature detecting element is provided on a surface opposite to a surface on which the optical waveguide of the ceramic heater is mounted. It is preferable that the bonded and heat-insulating substrate has a predetermined notch, and an electrode connected to the temperature detecting element is arranged in the notch.
- the temperature detecting element such as a semiconductor element is used as an optical waveguide element. So that if attached to a surface opposite to the surface to be mounted, need to secure a space for the region and the temperature detecting element for an optical waveguide element on one surface of the ceramic heat Isseki disappears (Thus, ceramics
- the area of the heater can be reduced, the size of the heater module can be reduced, and the heat generation circuit can be reduced by reducing the size of the heater module, thereby reducing power consumption.
- a cutout is formed in the heat insulating substrate, and the cutout is provided with an electrode connected to the temperature detection element, so that the temperature detection element is connected to the electrode. In this case, the temperature detecting element and an external power supply for supplying power to the temperature detecting element are connected. Ingredients wires, preferably in contact with the ceramic heater evening.
- the temperature of the ceramic heater is less affected by the environmental temperature when measuring the temperature, and appropriate temperature measurement can be performed.
- a second A 1 N ceramic layer is provided below the heating circuit.
- the moisture resistance of the ceramic heater can be improved, and the durability of the heating circuit can be improved.
- the heat generation circuit can be formed using tungsten, molybdenum, or silver palladium as a main component.
- the ceramic heater preferably has a coating film mainly composed of silica glass on the surface.
- a coating film mainly composed of silica glass on the surface.
- the heat recovery module of the present invention be configured so that when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature, no current flows through the heat generating circuit.
- the heating circuit It is preferable that a part of the heater is formed of an alloy of tin and lead, or that a heating circuit and a terminal connected to an external power supply are connected by wiring formed of an alloy of tin and lead. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent the heating module from being broken or ignited due to a rise in temperature due to a malfunction of the heating module.
- an optical waveguide element of the present invention is characterized by comprising: the above-described heat-and-light module of the present invention; and an optical waveguide element mounted on the ceramic and heat-sensitive module of the heat and light module.
- the provision of the above-described heating module can improve the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element, and provide an optical waveguide module having a small thickness and reduced power consumption.
- the optical waveguide element and the ceramic heat - between the evening is the difference in thermal expansion coefficient 3 X 1 0- 6 Z ° C hereinafter at room temperature of the optical waveguide element matching
- a member has been inserted.
- the present inventors have found that in joining ceramic heater evening and the optical waveguide device with an adhesive or the like, the difference in thermal expansion coefficient at room temperature between the optical waveguide element and the ceramic heater evening is 5 X 1 0 _ 6 / ° When it is larger than C, it has been found that excessive thermal stress acts on the optical waveguide element, which may hinder the wavelength selectivity and switching characteristics.
- the L i N b 0 3 (thermal expansion coefficient 1 5 X 1 0 6 Z a C) novel waveguide element formed in like have been studied in turn, further, on the optical waveguide device Since high-density mounting of these devices is being studied, and strict wavelength selectivity and switching characteristics are often required, in such a case, heat at room temperature between the optical waveguide device and the ceramic heater is required. difference in expansion rate 3 X 1 0 one 6 /. Must be less than C. Therefore, as described above, a matching member having a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the optical waveguide element and the ceramic heater at room temperature of 3 ⁇ 10 16 Z ° C or less is inserted between the optical waveguide element and the ceramic heater.
- inserting a matching member is a method similar to inserting a conventional soaking plate.
- the present invention does not require a heat equalizing plate, and it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the matching member in order to prevent the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element from deteriorating. This does not lead to an increase in the thickness of the optical waveguide module.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the optical waveguide element 0 5 x 1 0- 6 Z ° (:..
- ⁇ 1 For O xl O- 6 / ° C and a low thermal expansion coefficient, such as F e- N i Alloy It is preferable to use a matching member, and conversely, in the case of a high coefficient of thermal expansion of about 15 X 10 _ 6 / ° C, it is preferable to use a matching member of Cu or a Cu alloy. Oxygen-free Cu, evening pitch Cu or the like can be used. As the Cu alloy, brass, silicon copper, phosphor bronze, aluminum bronze, nickel bronze, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the matching member is from 0.1 mm to 2 mm, preferably from 0.1 mm to 2 mm.
- the thickness is less than 0.1 mm, the matching member is pulled by the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramics glass, so that the matching of the coefficient of thermal expansion between the optical waveguide element and the ceramics glass cannot be achieved.
- a matching member having a thickness of less than 0.3 mm is difficult to handle. Therefore, it is preferable that the thickness be 0.3 mm or more.
- the thickness of the matching member is increased, there is a concern that the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element may deteriorate.
- the matching member is made of Cu or a Cu alloy, no problem occurs even if the thickness is large.
- the thickness of the Fe—Ni alloy is more than 2 mm, the temperature uniformity is greatly deteriorated, which is not preferable.
- the thickness of the matching member is larger than 1 mm, the thickness of the optical waveguide module is unavoidably increased, which is not desirable.
- the bonding between the matching member and the optical waveguide element is performed using a resin adhesive having a solid form after the bonding. can do. Further, it is preferable that the ceramic heater and the optical waveguide element are bonded by a resin adhesive.
- the thickness of the grease becomes uneven and it becomes difficult to improve the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element.
- the adhesive is solid after bonding. Since it takes shape, such a lightning strike can be avoided.
- the surface of the ceramic waveguide on which the optical waveguide element is mounted has a smaller area than the surface of the optical waveguide element facing the surface.
- matching element difference in thermal expansion coefficient at room temperature of the optical waveguide element is less than 3 X 1 0- 6 / ° C is arranged, matching member and the optical waveguide element Are preferably joined. If the ceramic heater is smaller than the optical waveguide element, the structural stability of the optical waveguide element is reduced, but with such a configuration, the optical waveguide element can be supported by the matching member. By setting the coefficient of thermal expansion of the matching member in the above range, it is possible to prevent the optical waveguide element from being subjected to thermal stress. In this case, the thermal Rise Zhang index of the optical waveguide element is 0. 5 x 1 0- 6 / ° C ⁇ l.
- F e- N i alloy For X 1 0- 6 / ° C and a low thermal expansion coefficient, F e- N i alloy It is preferable to use a matching member of When the degree of thermal expansion is high, it is preferable to use a matching member made of Cu or a Cu alloy.
- optical waveguide module of the present invention may further include a housing for housing the optical waveguide element and the ceramic heater.
- a heat insulating substrate that supports the ceramic heater and has heat insulating properties
- the housing accommodates the heat insulating substrate.
- supporting the ceramics heater with a heat insulating substrate that has heat insulating properties prevents the heat generated in the heating circuit from being released from the heat insulating substrate, resulting in uneven heat distribution in the ceramic heater. Therefore, the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide device can be further improved.
- the light-receiving module also serves as a part of the housing.
- a structure can be adopted in which the heat-insulating substrate of the heating module becomes part of the housing.
- the housing mainly contains copper tungsten, cobalt, iron, nickel, alumina, or aluminum nitride. In this case, the temperature uniformity of the housing can be improved, and further, the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element can be improved.
- the housing is mainly composed of resin or silica glass. In this case, since these materials have high heat insulating properties, the heat in the housing can be prevented from being released to the outside, and the temperature of the optical waveguide element can be prevented from lowering.
- a heat insulating layer having a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W / mk or less is provided around the light-receiving module.
- the heat insulating layer may be an air layer.
- the thickness of the air layer is preferably from 0.01 mm to 5 mm.
- the housing preferably has a partition wall extending from the surface facing the optical waveguide element toward the optical waveguide element.
- the convection trajectory in the housing can be reduced, and the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element can be improved.
- the housing includes a sheet disposed at a predetermined distance from the inner wall surface of the housing.
- the optical fiber is clamped to the optical waveguide element, and the clamp position between the optical fiber and the optical waveguide element is inside the housing.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a heater module and an optical waveguide module according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a side view showing the optical waveguide module of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the inside of the ceramic ceramics of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of the ceramics shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the heater module of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a side view showing the optical waveguide module of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a heater module according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a ceramic heater according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a side view showing the optical waveguide module of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical waveguide module according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view showing the vicinity of a cutout portion of the heat insulating substrate of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a side view showing the optical waveguide module of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing the optical waveguide module of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a side view showing the optical waveguide module of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing the optical waveguide module of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a side view showing the optical waveguide module of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the optical waveguide module of the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a side view showing the optical waveguide module of the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a side view showing the optical waveguide module of the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a side view showing the optical waveguide module of the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing a characteristic portion of the optical waveguide module of the eleventh embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a simplified perspective view showing a conventional optical waveguide module.
- FIG. 23 is a simplified perspective view showing a conventional optical waveguide module.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a heat module of the present embodiment and an optical waveguide module incorporating the same
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the optical waveguide module shown in FIG.
- the optical waveguide module 1 is for heating the optical waveguide element 2 made of quartz and measuring 5 O mm x 1 O mm x 1 mm, the optical fibers 4 and 4 connected to both ends thereof, and the optical waveguide element 2.
- a housing 20 that houses the optical waveguide element 2 and the heater module 30.
- the housing 20 is provided with a package board 22 for soldering lead pins 23 for energizing the heating module 30 and for supporting the heating module 30, and covering the package board 22.
- a cover 24 The dimensions of the entire package are 100 mm x 50 mm x 10 mm.
- the hysteresis module 30 has a size of 4 Omm x 2 Omm x 1 mm, and a ceramic module 40 mm that supports it and has a heat insulating property of 6 Omm x 3 Omm x 2 mm. It has a heat insulating substrate 50 (see FIG. 5).
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the inside of the ceramic heater 40
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the ceramic heater 4 ° shown in FIG.
- the ceramic heater 40 is provided with a heat generating circuit 42 having a resistance of about 0.5 to 10 ⁇ and generating heat when energized. Further, electrodes 42 a and 42 b are provided at both ends of the heating circuit 42 to allow current to flow through the heating circuit 42.
- a first A 1 N ceramic layer 44 is laminated on the upper layer (upper side in FIG. 4) of the heating circuit 42, and a second A 1 N ceramic layer 46 is formed below the heating circuit 42. Is provided.
- the ceramics layer 44 is formed of A 1 N (aluminum nitride) having high thermal conductivity, the heat transmitted from the heat generating circuit 42 is formed. Diffuses almost uniformly in the first A 1 N ceramics layer 44, and furthermore, the optical waveguide element 2 adhered to one surface of the first A 1 N ceramics layer 44 is uniformly heated. Therefore, the temperature uniformity can be improved.
- a 1 N has high moisture resistance, the resistance of the heating circuit 42 does not change even after long-term continuous use, and high reliability can be obtained.
- the second A 1 N ceramic layer 46 is provided below the heating circuit 42, the moisture resistance of the ceramic heater 40 is improved, and the durability of the heating circuit 42 is further improved. be able to. More specifically, since the heat generation circuit 42 is not exposed by the second A 1 N ceramic layer 46, short circuit and oxidation of the heat generation circuit 42 can be prevented.
- the total thickness of the first A 1 N ceramics layer 44 and the second A 1 N ceramics layer 46 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. If the thickness of the A 1 N ceramics layer is less than 0.3 mm, it becomes difficult to equalize the heat generated in the heater, so that the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2 is ⁇ 0.5 °. It will be difficult to make it below C. If the thickness of the ceramic layer is less than 0.3 mm, the mechanical strength is low, and it becomes very difficult to handle the optical waveguide element such as bonding.
- the heat generating circuit 42 is formed and sintered after forming and sintering the tungsten, molybdenum, or A 1 N ceramics layer which can be simultaneously formed when the A 1 N ceramics layer is formed and sintered. It can be formed using silver palladium or the like that can use a technique as a main component. Tungsten and molybdenum can be formed simultaneously with A1N ceramics, which has the advantage of reducing costs.
- silver palladium has the advantage that the resistance can be easily controlled with high accuracy.
- These materials may be selected according to the priority required for the optical waveguide module. It should be noted that even if a heating material other than these materials is used, a ceramic using A 1 N It doesn't detract from the benefits of Mixhi, and you can use it without any problems.
- the thickness of the heating circuit 42 is not particularly limited. However, in the case of forming a pattern by screen printing, for example, it is desirable to control it to l ⁇ m or more and 100 / m or less. If the thickness is less than l ⁇ m, the possibility of problems such as pattern loss will increase dramatically.
- the thickness is larger than 100 zm, problems such as bleeding frequently occur when the pattern of the heating circuit is as thin as about 0.2 mm, which is not preferable.
- the thickness is preferably set to 50 zm or less. Also, for example, when the heating circuit 42 is formed of a thin film or the like, a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less is possible. .
- a glass coating film may be formed as a protective layer of the heat generating circuit 42.
- a coating film containing silica glass as a main component can be formed on the surface of the heating circuit 42.
- Such a glass coating film is formed once after the A 1 N ceramics layer and the heat generating circuit are once formed. Therefore, there is an advantage that the material of the glass coating film can be freely selected.
- the thermal conductivity of the glass coating film is generally as low as 1 WZm K
- a kind of glass coating U It functions as a heat insulating layer and functions to improve the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2.
- the thickness of the glass coating film is preferably 1-111 or more and 0.2 mm or less. Further, it is preferable that the thickness be 10 mm or more and 0.2 mm or less.
- the heating circuit 42 cannot be uniformly covered, and an uncoated portion occurs.
- the film thickness is smaller than l ⁇ m, the heating circuit 42 cannot be uniformly covered, and an uncoated portion occurs.
- the film thickness is larger than 200 ⁇ m, Thus, even when a film is formed by screen printing, an enormous amount of time is required, and the cost is dramatically increased, which is not preferable.
- the thickness of the coating film is outside the above range, there is no problem as long as the heating circuit 42 can be protected to the minimum necessary.
- the ceramic heater 40 since the ceramic heater 40 is supported by the heat insulating substrate 50 having heat insulating properties as described above, the heat generated in the heat generating circuit 42 is released from the heat insulating substrate 50. The situation where the heat distribution of the ceramic heater 40 becomes non-uniform can be prevented, and the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2 can be further improved. In particular, when the heat insulating substrate 50 is not provided, the ceramic heater 40 not only heats the optical waveguide element 2 mounted thereon, but also contacts the opposite surface on which the optical waveguide element 2 is mounted. Will also be heated.
- the heat generated by the ceramic heater 40 will not be generated by the optical waveguide element 2
- the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2 deteriorates, and the power consumption of the ceramic heater increases.
- the heat generated in the heat generating circuit 42 is released from the heat insulating substrate 50 and the heat distribution of the ceramic heater 40 is reduced. The situation of non-uniformity can be prevented.
- the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating substrate 50 it is preferable to set the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating substrate 50 to 5 OW / mK or less.
- wiring can be provided inside the heat insulating substrate 50 and electrically connected to the ceramic heater, thereby simplifying the optical module and the optical waveguide module, so that wiring can be formed inside.
- it is a material.
- the heat insulating substrate 50 may be made of a material containing alumina and silica glass.
- the heat insulating substrate 50 is formed mainly of alumina and silica glass in the present embodiment, the heat insulating property can be further improved by using resin and silica glass as main components.
- the heat insulating substrate 50 it is preferable to form the heat insulating substrate 50 with a resin because the thermal conductivity can be reduced to 1 WZmK or less.
- a resin material a general glass epoxy resin or BT (bismaleide 'triazine) resin for a printed wiring board can be used.
- the manufacturing method of the ceramic heater 40 is as follows. First, the heating circuit 42 and the electrodes 42a, 42b are printed on the preform sheet of A1N ceramics in a W-paste. Next, a preform sheet of A 1 N ceramics is adhered on the heat generating circuit 42 to obtain a temporary molded body. Then, the temporary compact is sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere of 170 ° C. or more, and the ceramic heater 40 is completed.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the heater module 30.
- electrodes 52a to 52f are formed on the upper surface of the heat-insulating substrate 50, and the electrodes 42a and 42b and the electrodes 52a and 52b of the ceramic heater 40 are formed.
- each lead bin 53 is connected to each of the electrodes 52 a to 52 f. As shown in FIG. 2, each lead pin 53 is bent at a right angle, and an insertion hole of the package substrate 22 is formed. Soldered while inserted in As a result, each lead bin 53 is electrically connected to each lead pin 23 of the package substrate 22. Also, by forming the electrodes 52a to 52f on the heat insulating substrate 50 as described above, a long wiring connecting the ceramic heater 40 and an external electrode becomes unnecessary, so that assembly and mounting can be performed. It is easier and costs can be reduced.
- the heat insulating substrate 50 and the ceramic heater 40 are bonded by a resin 41, and the ceramic substrate 40 and the optical waveguide element 2 are also bonded by a resin 43.
- Any resin such as silicon resin or epoxy resin used for bonding electronic components can be used as the resin 41 to be bonded.
- silicon resin is used in order to prevent deformation at the time of bonding.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of A 1 N is close to that of the glass or Si forming the optical waveguide element 2, so that A 1 N The optical waveguide element 2 can be prevented from warping.
- the resin 43 is also used for joining the optical waveguide element and A 1 N, but the resin 43 is a silicon resin.
- the thickness of the resin 41 and the resin 43 is about 10 mm to 0.2 mm.
- the resin bonding strength of A1N is weaker than that of other oxide ceramics. That is, the resin bonding strength results from the hydrogen bonding between the —OH group of the resin and the 10 groups on the metal surface, the anchoring effect between the materials, and the interaction between the two.
- a 1 N contributes only to the anchoring effect because the surface is nitrided. Therefore, depending on the surface condition of the A 1 N ceramic, the bonding strength with the resin may be deteriorated.
- A1N tree joint strength In order to increase the bonding strength between the A 1 N ceramic layer and the resin, there are two types, a first method for enhancing the anchor effect and a second method for providing a layer for increasing the resin strength.
- the A1N surface roughness is less than 0.050m, a sufficient anchoring effect cannot be obtained between A1N and the resin, and the resin joint surface peels off during a reliability test or during use of the optical waveguide module. Problems such as dropout occur.
- a resin with high adhesive strength such as silicone resin
- sufficient bonding can be achieved if the A 1 N surface roughness is 0.05 ⁇ m or more, but sufficient bonding is possible with all other resins.
- it is preferable that the A1N surface roughness is 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- A1N surface roughness If it is larger than 10 / m, air bubbles and the like easily flow between A 1 N and tree S, and a sufficient anchor effect cannot be obtained.
- the resin particles and the bubbles are randomly present in the resin bonding layer, which greatly deteriorates the temperature uniformity.
- the entrapment of air bubbles can be prevented if the above-mentioned A 1 N surface roughness is 10 or less.
- the AIN surface roughness is preferably 10 m or less in order to prevent air bubbles from being trapped even when the viscosity rises due to aging of the resin or the like.
- a layer that enhances resin strength requires a layer that contains OH groups or 1 O groups so as to enhance hydrogen bonding with the resin, or a layer that enhances anchor strength.
- Oxide or metal can be considered as the layer that enhances the hydrogen bond with the resin.
- alumina As such an oxide, for example, alumina can be considered.
- ceramic oxides such as alumina have a problem that the temperature required for forming a layer is high, and thus the cost for the night is dramatically increased.
- silica glass can lower the layer formation temperature compared to alumina, so that the cost can be kept low.
- the resin bonding strength of the ceramic heater 40 This makes it possible to simultaneously improve the reliability and the reliability in a single process, making it possible to produce A1N ceramics with low cost and excellent characteristics.
- the thickness of the silica glass layer formed on the surface of the ceramic heater 40 is preferably in the range of 111 to 0.5 mm as in the case of the glass coating film of the heating circuit described above. It is preferable that the thickness be equal to or larger than 1 mm. Shi When the thickness of the glass layer becomes smaller, the A1N ceramics cannot be covered uniformly, and there are uncoated portions, so that the resin strength cannot be sufficiently increased. Furthermore, when forming a protective layer of a heater in the same process, since there is a step in the heater layer, the layer thickness needs to be 10 mm or more to cover the step.
- the thickness of the silica glass layer is larger than 500 ⁇ m, the strength of the glass itself is low, so the resin bonding is sufficient, but the glass itself breaks after the reliability test, and it may not be used. Can not. Although a film thickness smaller than this can be used, an enormous amount of time is required to form a film thicker than 10 and the cost is drastically increased. Must be less than zm.
- the formation of the silica glass layer is not particularly limited. However, since it is necessary to form the silica glass layer at a limited portion such as a resin bonding portion or a heating portion, the glass paste is printed using screen printing or the like. A method of baking by firing or the like can be used.
- Ni and Au used as a metal protective film have few OH groups and 0 groups on the surface, and particularly have extremely low bonding strength with the resin after the reliability test.
- A1 is preferable because it has a relatively high resin strength because the surface is constantly oxidized. Furthermore, it was found that even if the oxidation was intentionally performed more than the natural oxide film, the resin strength was not increased, but rather decreased. Further examination revealed that the resin bonding strength greatly changed depending on the A1 film formation method. That is, by using the A1 film formed by vapor deposition in a naturally oxidized state, it is possible to manufacture an AIN ceramics substrate having extremely high resin bonding strength.
- the vacancies serve as a starting point, and the junction is likely to be broken.
- the resin can enter between the crystals, but the number of particles that contribute to the anchor effect per unit area decreases, so that sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained. .
- 10 x 10- 1Q m or 800 10- 1 Q m is a natural oxide film thickness. If there is no natural oxide film, sufficient bonding strength cannot be maintained because no hydrogen bond occurs between the resin and the resin.
- the bonding strength between the resin and the oxide film is no problem, the oxide film of the metal is fragile since the oxide film and the base metal Cannot maintain the joint strength between the two.
- the thickness of the A 1 film to be formed is preferably l / m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- a 1 If the thickness is less than 1 ⁇ m, a structure sufficient to produce the anchor effect cannot be formed. On the other hand, it is not preferable that the thickness is larger than l O O ⁇ m because breakage in the film easily occurs. On the other hand, if the thickness is more than 20 m, the cost and time for film formation become enormous, which is economically problematic. Therefore, the thickness of the A1 film is more preferably l m or more and 20 m or less.
- the A1 film to be formed may be either A1 or A1 alloy.
- the purity of the A1 alloy is preferably 99.9 wt% or more because it is difficult to control the composition during film formation and the adhesion to the base material tends to vary.
- A1 vapor deposition can apply a vapor deposition film to various materials relatively easily, even if it is applied to other members to be resin-bonded in an optical waveguide module, the resin-bonding strength can be significantly improved. Because it is possible, it is preferable to apply A1 vapor deposition to other members as much as possible. Whether or not to perform vapor deposition may be determined by considering whether or not insulation is necessary because A1 is a metal and considering the cost increase due to vapor deposition.
- the package substrate 22 has a flat plate 22a to which the lead bin 23 is soldered, and support plates 22b and 22b bonded to both lower ends of the flat plate 22a. .
- the cover 24 and the package substrate 22 are bonded with a resin.
- the cover 24 and the package substrate 22 of the housing 20 are formed mainly of copper tungsten. Therefore, the temperature uniformity of the housing 20 is high, and the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide device 2 can be improved. Note that the same effect can be obtained even if the housing 20 is formed mainly of cobalt, iron, nickel, alumina, or aluminum nitride. Further, as a result of a thermal simulation, it has been found that the thermal conductivity of the housing 20 is preferably at least 1 OW / mK in order to improve the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2.
- the housing 20 when the housing 20 is formed mainly of resin or silica glass, these materials have high heat insulating properties, so that heat in the housing 20 can be suppressed from being released to the outside.
- the temperature of the optical waveguide element 2 can be prevented from lowering.
- the resin forming the housing 20 include: Yatsuki, polyoxymethylene resin, polyester ether ketone resin, styrene resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, and phenol resin. Fat, urea resin, melamine resin, silicone resin, fluororesin, polycarbonate resin, polyphenylene's sulfide resin and the like can be used.
- the thermal conductivity of such a resin was found to be preferably 1 W / mK or less in order to improve the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2.
- glass fibers or the like may be mixed in order to improve the strength of these resins.
- these materials have high heat insulating properties, the heat in the housing can be prevented from being released to the outside, and the temperature of the optical waveguide element 2 can be prevented from lowering.
- a casing material for improving the temperature uniformity and a casing material for improving the heat insulating property may be formed into a multilayer or a combination thereof.
- a heat insulating layer 27 having a thermal conductivity of 0.5 WZm k or less is provided around the heater module 30 (between the package substrate 22 and the heat insulating substrate 50). Have been killed.
- the heat insulating layer 27 is an air layer, and its thickness is l mm.
- the thickness of the heat insulating layer 27 as an air layer is preferably in the range of 0.01 mm or more and 5 mm or less. In order to obtain high temperature uniformity, it is important to avoid heat convection in the air layer. As a result of examining the conditions through thermal fluid simulations and experiments, it was found that if the thickness of the air layer is 5 mm or less, thermal convection can be largely prevented, and high temperature uniformity of the ceramic heater 40 can be ensured. It was. On the other hand, convection is less likely to occur as the thickness of the air layer decreases, but when the thickness is less than 0.0 lmm, the distortion of the optical module and optical waveguide module caused by heat generated by the heater.
- the heat insulating substrate 50 comes into contact with the package substrate 22 and a part of the air space is reduced, so that high temperature uniformity cannot be obtained.
- the thickness (reduction in thickness) of the heating module 30 and the optical waveguide module 1 will be described in detail.
- the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the ceramic heater evening and the optical waveguide element 3 X 1 0- 6 ⁇ 5 X 1 0- 6 Bruno. If it is higher than C, excessive thermal stress acts on the optical waveguide element, which may hinder wavelength selection control and switching characteristics.
- a 1 N of the ceramics heater 40 of the present embodiment has a thermal conductivity of 170 W
- the optical waveguide element 2 and the ceramic heater 40 are adhered by the resin 43, and the resin 43 is a solid adhesive after joining. Therefore, the resin thickness does not vary, and the resin does not flow during the operation of the optical waveguide module.
- the resin used for bonding the optical waveguide element 2 and the ceramic heater 40 is preferably a high thermal conductivity resin containing a filler such as metal or ceramics and having a thermal conductivity of about 0.5 W / mK or more.
- the optical waveguide element 2 is uniformly heated by the ceramic heater 40. However, if a resin having a thermal conductivity lower than 0.5 W / mK is used, the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2 may be deteriorated.
- a fluid is filled between the optical waveguide element 2 and the ceramic heater 40 with an oil compound or grease even after the above-mentioned bonding, and only a few points at the ends are fixed with the resin. Also, since the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the optical waveguide element 2 and the ceramic layer 40 is small, no stress is applied to the optical waveguide element 2, and therefore, it can be used. However, when using this method, the thickness of the oil compound and grease must be strictly controlled.
- the thickness of the tree S43 is preferably not less than 10 0 m and not more than 500 m. Since the bonding resin has a Young's modulus that is at least one order of magnitude lower than other constituent materials, it has the function of absorbing thermal stress generated during bonding. However, if the thickness of the resin 43 is smaller than 10 ⁇ m, the stress absorbing effect cannot be sufficiently exhibited, and the stress acting on the optical waveguide element 2 increases, which is not preferable. On the other hand, the resin 43 has a lower thermal conductivity than A 1 N or the like, so that the greater the thickness, the worse the temperature uniformity. If the thickness of the tree S 4 is larger than 500 zm, the temperature uniformity is deteriorated, which is not preferable.
- the power consumption of the ceramic matrix 40 and the optical waveguide module 1 is lower than that of the case of using the conventional alumina heater. Since there is no need to heat the soaking plate for the product, etc., power consumption can be greatly reduced.
- the following safety design can be performed.
- heat is generated by forming a part of the heat generating circuit 42 with an alloy of tin and lead, or by connecting the heat generating circuit 42 to a terminal connected to an external power supply with a wiring formed of an alloy of tin and lead.
- the wire is automatically disconnected, and no current flows through the heating circuit 42.
- the wire will be broken at a little less than about 200 ° C., and the joining resin and the resin of the housing will not be destroyed.
- Other low melting point alloys may be used instead of the alloys of lead and lead.
- the temperature distribution inside the optical waveguide device 2 was ⁇ 0 ° C. when the environment temperature was 0 ° C. and the temperature of the ceramics was 40 ° C. and the temperature was 80 ° C. It was found that the temperature was kept below 4 ° C.
- the following experiments were performed to measure the temperature controllability. That is, the optical waveguide module is put into a thermostat, the temperature of the thermostat is maintained at 140 ° C for 1 hour, the temperature is raised to 70 ° C in 1 hour, and the temperature is maintained at 70 ° C for 1 hour. The temperature was lowered to —40 ° C over time.
- the optical waveguide element showed only a temperature change of ⁇ 0.7 ° C. or less, and was hardly affected by the external temperature.
- the ceramic waveguide 40 and the optical waveguide element 2 had little warpage, no anisotropy was observed in the optical waveguide characteristics, and no problems such as loss increase, switching characteristics, and polarization dependence due to birefringence occurred.
- the power consumption was required to be 5 W when using a Peltier element as in the past, but in the present embodiment, the power consumption was reduced to 4 W or less. Was completed.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 differs from the first embodiment mainly in the structure of the heat insulating substrate 50.
- the points different from the first embodiment will be mainly described.
- the ceramic heater 40 is not in full contact with the heat insulating substrate 50 but is in partial contact therewith, so that the ceramic heater 40 is less likely to warp.
- a tree for bonding the heat-insulating substrate 50 to the ceramic substrate 40 Can be prevented from being separated from the ceramic heater 40.
- the resin may be applied to only one projection 62. For example, when the resin is applied only to the central projection 62, both ends of the ceramic heater 40 can freely expand and contract, so that the warpage of the ceramic heater 40 can be further reduced.
- an air layer 64 is formed around each protrusion 62, in other words, between the bottom surface of the ceramic substrate 40 and the surface of the heat insulating substrate 50 opposed thereto. . Therefore, the air layer 64 functions as a heat insulating layer, and it is possible to suppress a situation in which heat from the ceramic heater 40 is released from the heat insulating substrate 50 side.
- the thickness of the air layer is set to 0.2 mm.
- the thickness of the air layer be in the range of 0.01 mm or more and 5 mm or less.
- the thickness of the air layer is 5 mm or less, thermal convection can be largely prevented and a high temperature uniformity of 40% can be secured. I found out.
- the thinner the air layer the less convection occurs, but if the air layer is thinner than 0.01 mm, ceramics due to the heating of the heater module and the optical waveguide module due to the heat generated by the heater. High temperature uniformity cannot be obtained because the heater and the heat-insulating substrate that supports it come into contact with each other and the air space is partially reduced.
- a pressing portion (pressing means) 70 for pressing the ceramic substrate 40 toward the heat insulating substrate 50 is provided.
- the pressing portion 70 includes a pressing plate 72 mounted on the upper surface of the ceramic substrate 40, and a screw 74 for screwing the pressing plate 72 to the heat insulating substrate 50. .
- the ceramic heater 40 is pressed against the heat insulating substrate 50.
- the ceramic heater 40 is moved toward the heat insulating substrate.
- a plurality of through holes 55 are formed in the heat insulating substrate 50, and the through holes 55 and the heat generating circuit 42 of the ceramics substrate 40 are formed by conducting wires. It is electrically connected. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the lead pins 23 passed through the package board are inserted into the through holes 55.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the ceramic heater 40 of the present embodiment.
- the ceramic heater 40 of this embodiment is provided on a heating circuit 42 made of silver / palladium, an A 1 N ceramic layer 44 laminated thereon, and a lower surface of the heating circuit 42.
- a coating film 45 containing silica glass as a main component By forming the coating film 45 on the surface of the ceramic screen 40 as described above, the moisture resistance of the ceramic screen 40 can be improved. Further, when the semi-lacquer 40 and the heat insulating substrate 50 are bonded to each other with a resin, the adhesiveness of the resin 40 to the ceramic heater can be improved.
- FIG. 1 differs from the first embodiment in the structure of the housing 20.
- the cover 24 of the housing 20 four partition walls 29 extending from the surface 24 r facing the optical waveguide element 2 toward the optical waveguide element 2 are provided. ing. Further, the height of the partition wall 29 is such that the lower end of the partition wall 29 does not contact the optical waveguide element 2 when the cover 24 is placed on the package substrate 22.
- the trajectory of convection in the housing 20 or in other words, the trajectory of convection on the optical waveguide element 2 can be reduced, and the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2 can be reduced. Can be improved.
- a ceramic sensor (temperature detecting element) 48 for detecting the temperature of the ceramic heater 40 is mounted on the bottom surface of the ceramic heater 40, that is, the optical waveguide element 2 is mounted. It is mounted on the side opposite to the side where it is placed. For this reason, it is not necessary to secure an area for mounting the thermistor 48 on the upper surface of the ceramic glass 40. As a result, the area of the ceramic heater 40 can be made smaller than in the first embodiment, and the heater module 30 can be downsized. Further, since the heat generation circuit 42 can be made smaller, power consumption can be reduced.
- the ceramic heater dimensions are 4 O mm x 2 O mm x 1 mm
- the heater module dimensions are 6 O mm x 3 O mm xl mm
- the power consumption is 0 ° C
- the power consumption is 0 ° C.
- the heater dimensions were 40 mm ⁇ 12 mm ⁇ 1 mm
- the heater module dimensions were 60 mm ⁇ 2
- the size can be reduced to 0 mm and 1 mm
- the power consumption can be reduced to 3.5 W.
- a cutout portion 76 is formed in the heat insulating substrate 50, and an electrode pad 78 connected to the thermistor 48 is arranged in the cutout portion 76.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view showing the vicinity of the cutout portion 76.
- the heat insulating substrate 50 has an upper layer 52 and a lower layer 54, and the electrode pad 72 is formed on the bottom surface of the upper layer 52. More specifically, a through hole 52h is formed in the upper layer 52, and a part of the bottom surface of the upper layer 52 is exposed in the lower layer 54. A through hole 54 h is formed. Then, at least a part of the electrode pad 78 is located on the exposed portion of the bottom surface of the upper layer 52.
- an electrode pad 80 is formed on the bottom surface of the ceramic heater 40, and the ceramic pad 48 is connected to the electrode pad 80 by a wire 73, and the electrode pad 80 is connected to the electrode pad 80 by a wire 75.
- the electrode pads 78 are connected.
- the wire 75 can be connected to the electrode pad 78 through the cutout portion 76, that is, the through hole 52h and the through hole 54h, the wire 75 is insulated. Wiring can be simplified as compared with a case where the wiring passes around the substrate 50.
- the wiring connecting the thermistor 48 and the external electrode that supplies power to the thermistor 48 is in contact with the ceramic electrode 40 at the electrode pad 80 and has a temperature almost equal to the ceramic electrode 40. Therefore, when the temperature of the ceramic heater 40 is measured, the temperature of the ceramic heater 40 is hardly affected by the environmental temperature, and appropriate temperature measurement can be performed.
- the electrode pad 78 is connected to the lead pin 23 shown in FIG. 10, whereby conduction between the thermistor 48 and an external device is achieved.
- the housing 20 of the optical waveguide module 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the cover 24 is provided with two sheets 82 and 84 at a predetermined distance from the inner wall surface.
- Each of the sheets 82 and 84 is fixed to a projection 24 c formed on the inner wall surface of the cover 24 by an adhesive.
- the upper sheet 82 is fixed to the center projection 24c,
- the step sheet 84 is connected to the projections 24c at both ends.
- the package substrate 22 is also provided with two sheets 86, 88 at predetermined intervals from the upper surface.
- each of the sheets 86, 88 is supported by a support member 89.
- a support member 89 As described above, when the seats 82, 84, 86, 88 are attached at predetermined intervals from the inner wall surface of the housing 20, the inner wall surface of the housing 20 and each of the seats 82, 84, Between 86 and 88, the convection trajectory can be reduced and an air layer is formed. This air layer acts as a heat insulating layer. For this reason, the heat of the ceramic heater 40 is hardly released to the outside, and the optical waveguide element 2 to be heated is easily heated.
- the number of sheets is not limited to two, but may be one, or may be three or more.
- the optical waveguide element 2 made of quartz is used. Instead, an element using silica formed on a Si substrate, and an element made of LiNb ⁇ 3 are used. An element may be used. In this case, the same effects as those of the embodiments can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 a fifth embodiment of the optical waveguide module of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in a structure in which a matching plate 92 for matching the coefficient of thermal expansion is inserted between the optical waveguide element 2 and the ceramic heater 40.
- the matching board 9 the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the optical waveguide device 2 at room temperature to use the following 3 X 1 0- 6 / ° C .
- Quartz in this embodiment (the thermal expansion coefficient 0 5 x 1 0 -. 6 / ° C).
- the thermal expansion coefficient 2 of 0 X 1 0- 6 / ° C Fe—Ni alloy is used for the matching plate 92.
- the dimensions of the matching plate 92 are 40 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ 0.5 mm.
- the stress acting on the optical waveguide element 2 can be reduced. Therefore, in order to measure the stress acting on the optical waveguide element 2, A strain gauge was attached to the upper center of the optical waveguide device 2 (the surface opposite to the joint surface with the insertion plate), and the difference in stress acting on the optical waveguide device 2 between the first embodiment and this embodiment was measured. . As a result, it was found that the thermal stress acting on the optical waveguide element 2 can be reduced to 1/3 in the present embodiment as compared with the first embodiment.
- the first embodiment can be used sufficiently as an optical waveguide module, considering that stricter requirements will be required for the optical waveguide module in the future, the effect of reducing the thermal stress in this embodiment will be very advantageous. It is thought to have.
- the optical waveguide device 2 L i Nb0 3 thermo expansion coefficient 1 5 X 10 6 / ° C
- the insertion plate 92 in Cu alloy thermo expansion coefficient 1 6 X 10 6 / ° C
- the optical waveguide device 2 made of quartz of the present embodiment is larger in size than that of the first embodiment, and is 30 mm long ⁇ 30 mm wide ⁇ 1 mm high. Accordingly, the dimensions of the optical waveguide module are also different.
- the dimensions of the ceramic module 40 are 40 mm x 25 mm x 1 mm, the dimensions of the module 30 are 50 mm x 40 mm x 2 mm, and the dimensions of the entire package are 10 Omm x 6 Omm x 1 Omm.
- the temperature uniformity when the environmental temperature was set to 0 ° (Ceramics temperature was set to 40 ° C and the temperature was set to 80 ° C), the temperature distribution inside the optical waveguide element 2 was ⁇ 0.4 °. It was found that the temperature was controlled to less than or equal to C. Regarding the temperature controllability, even if the environmental temperature was changed in the range of ⁇ 40 ° C. to 70 ° C., the temperature of the ceramic ceramics was ⁇ 0.
- the cover 24 is formed into a body and is in contact with the heat insulating substrate 22. However, in this mode, it may be difficult to attach the optical fiber 14. At that time, the cover 24 is divided into a rectangular cylindrical side wall portion 24X and a top plate portion 24y, and once the package substrate 22 and the side wall portion 24x are joined, the optical waveguide element 2 The optical fiber 4 may be attached, and then the top plate portion 24y may be joined or screwed.
- a seventh embodiment of the optical waveguide module of the present invention will be described with reference to a perspective view shown in FIG. 15 and a side view shown in FIG.
- This embodiment differs from the sixth embodiment in the dimensions of the ceramic heater 40.
- a detailed examination of the characteristics of the optical waveguide element 2 revealed that the area requiring temperature uniformity was not limited to the entire optical waveguide element 2 but to the vicinity of the ceramic hues. Specifically, it was found that the area was limited to about 10 mm x 10 mm around the area of Ceramics. Therefore, the book
- the surface 40a of the ceramic heater 40 on which the optical waveguide element 2 is mounted is smaller in area than the surface of the 6-waveguide element 2 facing this surface 40a.
- the dimensions of the ceramic heater 40 were set to 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm ⁇ 1 mm by design using thermal simulation.
- the characteristics of the optical waveguide module 1 as described above were examined, the following results were obtained.
- the temperature uniformity when the ambient temperature was set to 0 ° C and the temperature of the ceramic heater 40 was set to 80 ° C, observation was made with a thermoviewer. It was found that the temperature distribution was suppressed to 0.4 ° C or less in the area of mm.
- the temperature controllability even if the ambient temperature was changed in the range of 140 ° C to 70 ° C, the ceramics 40 showed only a temperature change of ⁇ 0.5 ° C or less. Turned out to be less susceptible. Since the dimensions of the ceramic heater 40 were reduced, in this embodiment, the power consumption was reduced to 2 W or less compared to the power consumption of 4 W in the sixth embodiment.
- an eighth embodiment of the optical waveguide module of the present invention will be described with reference to a perspective view shown in FIG. 17 and a side view shown in FIG.
- This embodiment is different from the eighth embodiment in a matching plate 92 (a cross section is shown in FIG. 18) arranged so as to surround the ceramic heater 40.
- the matching plate 92 the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the optical waveguide device 2 at room temperature to use the following 3 X 10_ 6 Z ° C.
- the thermal expansion coefficient 2. 0 X 10- The Fe—Ni alloy is used for the matching plate 92.
- the dimensions of the matching plate 92 are 40 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 1 mm, which are the same dimensions as the ceramic ceramic 40 used in the sixth embodiment.
- a ceramic heater 40 of 15 mm x 15 mm x 1 mm enters in the center. As shown in the figure, a 15.5 mm x 15.5 mm hollow part is formed by drilling.
- the matching plate 92 surrounding the ceramic heater 40 in this manner, even when the ceramic heater 40 is smaller than the optical waveguide element 2, the optical waveguide element 2 can be firmly placed on the ceramic heater 40. And can be fixed.
- the dimension of the matching plate 92 is preferably at least one side longer than the optical waveguide element 2 by about l mm to 10 mm in order to securely fix the optical waveguide element 2.
- the material of the matching plate 92 must be selected so that the coefficient of thermal expansion is matched by the optical waveguide element 2. As described in the material of the heat equalizing plate, a Fe--Ni alloy or a Cu alloy is selected. can do.
- the thickness of the matching plate 92 may be such that when the ceramic heater 40 is inserted into the matching plate 92, the upper surfaces of the two are located at a substantially constant height. Further, when the matching plate 92 is used as described above, the bonding with the optical waveguide element 2 can be performed by using a resin-based adhesive that becomes a solid after bonding as described above.
- the heater power consumption at an ambient temperature of 0 ° C and a set temperature of 80 ° C was less than 2 W.
- the optical waveguide element 2 is bonded not only to the ceramic heater 40 but also to the matching plate 92, so that the stability at the time of installation of the optical waveguide element 2 is smaller than that of the seventh embodiment. It has improved dramatically.
- optical waveguide device 2 L i N B_ ⁇ 3 thermo expansion coefficient 1 5 x 1 0- 6 Bruno °
- Matsuchin grayed plate 9 2 C u alloy thermo expansion coefficient 1 6 X 1 0 - 6 / ° C
- FIG. 1 a ninth embodiment of the optical waveguide module of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that The point is that the plate 50 plays a role similar to that of the package substrate 22 in the first embodiment.
- the heat insulating substrate 50 of the light-emitting module 30 also functions as a part of the housing 20.
- the thickness of the optical waveguide module 1 can be made 8 mm, which is smaller than the 10 mm of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 differs from the first embodiment in the clamp position (fixed position) between the optical fiber 4 and the optical waveguide element 2.
- the force for fixing the optical fiber 4 by the through holes 24 a and 24 b of the housing 20 is inside the housing 20.
- the optical fiber 4 is fixed by supporting members 99, 99 installed on the heat insulating substrate 50.
- the housing 20 does not need to be designed with the optical fiber 4 clamped, so that the relative position between the heater module 30 and the housing 20 can be changed, and the shape of the housing 20 can be changed. Changes can be made easily.
- the present embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in the method of joining the ceramic substrate 40 and the heat insulating substrate 50.
- the ceramic heater 40 and the heat insulating substrate 50 are joined by the resin 41.
- both are fixed by screws.
- screw holes 101 with a diameter of 1 mm are formed at the four corners of the ceramic heater 40, and female screws 102 are cut at the corresponding positions of the heat insulating substrate 50. I have. Then, the screw 103 passed through each screw hole 101 is screwed into the female screw 102, thereby fixing the ceramic heater 40 and the heat insulating substrate 50. In order to ensure thermal contact between the ceramic mix 40 and the heat insulating substrate 50, The summer compound is satisfied. As a result of performing the same measurement as in the sixth embodiment, a similar result was obtained.
- the ceramic ceramics 40 used in the first embodiment are the A 1 N ceramics 44 used in the first embodiment, the tungsten heating layer 42, and the second A 1 An A 1 N heater made of N ceramics is used.
- An AlN heater composed of the film 45 may be used.
- the surface roughness Ra was variously changed, and the temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2 was measured. Normally, in any initial state, temperature uniformity of ⁇ 0.5 ° C can be satisfied at any Ra. However, if the Ra condition is not appropriate, it is expected that the degradation will occur during the reliability test or during the actual use of the optical waveguide module. Therefore, a high-temperature and high-humidity test was performed in which the sample was exposed to an atmosphere of 85 ° C and a humidity of 85% for 2000 hours. Thereafter, the ambient temperature was set to 0 ° C, and the temperature of the ceramic heater 40 was set to 80 ° C. The temperature uniformity of the optical waveguide element 2 was observed with a mobile viewer.
- the surface roughness Ra of the ceramic surface 40 used in Example 1 was variously changed, and As in Example 1, the temperature characteristics after 2000 hours of the high temperature and high humidity test were measured. Table 2 shows the results.
- the surface roughness of ceramic ceramic 40 is 0.05 m It was found that good temperature uniformity and temperature controllability could be obtained even after the reliability test if the thickness was set to 10 mm or less.
- the upper side of the first A 1 N ceramic layer 44 (the upper part of FIG. 4), which is the resin bonding surface of the ceramic layer 40 used in Example 1, and the second A
- the glass coating layer shown below was provided below the 1 N ceramic layer 46 (the lower part in Fig. 4).
- the film was formed by firing after using screen printing. Various thicknesses were formed at the time of screen printing, and a high-temperature and high-humidity test was performed for 200 hours as in Example 1. Later temperature characteristics were measured. The results are shown in Table 3. It was found that good temperature uniformity and temperature controllability can be obtained even after the reliability test if the thickness of the glass coating layer is 1 zm or more and 50 or less. In addition, by setting the film thickness to 100 ⁇ m or less, the film formation time could be significantly reduced.
- the following experiment was performed using the ceramic heater 40 used in the second embodiment.
- the formation of the coating film to be provided at Ceramics Night 40 was performed by screen printing followed by firing.
- Various film thicknesses were formed at the time of screen printing, and the temperature characteristics after 2000 hours of the high temperature and high humidity test were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 4 shows the results. It was found that good film uniformity and temperature controllability can be obtained even after the reliability test if the film thickness is 10 m or more and 500 m or less. Also, reduce the film thickness to 100m or less. As a result, the film formation time was significantly reduced.
- the heating circuit was used for the sample with a glass film thickness of less than 10 zm. It was confirmed that, due to the step 42, the coating layer was peeled or cracked to a size of 0.1 mm or more.
- the upper side of the first A 1 N ceramic layer 44 (the upper part in FIG. 4), which is the resin bonding surface of the ceramic heater 40 used in Example 1, and the second A 1 N cell
- the following A1 layer was provided below the mix layer 46 (the lower part of FIG. 4). That was charged with the ceramic heater 40 in the deposition vacuum chamber and foremost, 1. until the degree of vacuum below 33 x 10- 3 P a, was evacuated, with 99. 9 wt% or more of A 1 as a vapor deposition source A1 deposition was performed.
- the thickness of one film was set to 1111 or more and 100 m or less, good temperature uniformity and temperature controllability could be obtained even after the reliability test. Furthermore, by setting the thickness of the A1 film to 20 ⁇ m or less, The interval could be significantly reduced.
- Example 5 As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the upper side of the first A 1 N ceramic layer 44 (the upper part in FIG. 4), which is the resin bonding surface of the ceramic layer 40 used in Example 1, and the second A1 N cell An A1 layer shown below was provided below the lamix layer 46 (the lower part in FIG. 4) in the same manner as in Example 5. Films with various A 1 grain sizes were formed. On the other hand, the film thickness was 2 ⁇ m. As a result of measuring the native oxide film thickness formed on the A1 film by micro Auger electron spectroscopy, it was 500 ⁇ 10 1 Qm. In the same manner as in Example 1, the temperature characteristics of this sample were measured after a temperature and humidity test of 2000 hours. Table 6 shows the results. Crystal grain size
- the upper side of the first A 1N ceramic layer 44 (the upper part in FIG. 4), which is the resin bonding surface of the ceramic heater 40 used in Example 1, and the second A 1 N cell
- the A1 layer shown below was provided below the mix layer 46 (the lower part in FIG. 4) in the same manner as in Example 5.
- the oxide film thickness of the A1 layer was intentionally changed.
- the crystal grain size was 1.0 ⁇ m and the film thickness was 2 ⁇ m.
- the temperature characteristics of this sample were measured after 2000 hours of the high-temperature and high-humidity test in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 7 shows the results. If the oxide film thickness below 1 0 1 0_ 1 Q m or 800 x 1 0 1 Q m, after the reliability test is also good temperature uniformity was found to obtain a temperature controllability.
- the upper side of the first A 1 N ceramic layer 44 (the upper part in FIG. 2), which is the resin bonding surface of the ceramic ceramic 40 used in Example 1, and the second A1N ceramic layer Below the mix layer 46 (the lower part in FIG. 4), an A1 layer 82 shown below was provided in the same manner as in Example 6.
- the crystal grain size was 1.0 ⁇ m, and the film thickness was.
- the temperature characteristics of this sample after 2000 hours of the high-temperature and high-humidity test were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 8 shows the results. It can be seen that the temperature uniformity and temperature controllability are slightly lower than those with a purity of 99.9%.
- the air layer 64 provided between the ceramic substrate 40 and the heat insulating substrate 50 and the heat insulating layer 27 provided between the heat insulating substrate 50 and the package substrate 22 are used as the air layer.
- the temperature uniformity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 with various thickness changes. Table 9 shows the results. It was found that the temperature uniformity could be reduced to ⁇ 0.5 ° C or less by setting the air layer thickness to be more than 0.01 mm and less than 5 mm.
- the resin joining the ceramic waveguide 40 and the optical waveguide element 2 is made of a silicon resin having a viscosity of 10000 cps and a thermal conductivity of 1 W / mK.
- the temperature uniformity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature uniformity was measured. The results are shown in Table 10. It can be seen that by setting the thickness of the resin 43 to be 10 to 500 ⁇ m, the temperature uniformity can be made ⁇ 0.5 ° C. or less.
- the cross section was cut to investigate the cause of the deterioration in the temperature uniformity of Sample 39, and as a result, the resin was partially broken. Due to the thin resin thickness, it is expected that unevenness in the resin application may occur partially.However, the thermal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the optical waveguide element 2 and the ceramic heater 40 cannot be completely absorbed. Probably destroyed.
- the resin 43 joining the ceramic waveguide 40 and the optical waveguide element 2 was joined using a silicon-based thermal compound having a thermal conductivity of 1 W / mK. Since the thermal compound alone could not be used for fixing, only the four points at the end of the optical waveguide device were fixed with silicone resin with a viscosity of 10,000 cps and a thermal conductivity of 1 W / mK, and the temperature uniformity was measured as in Example 1. . The thickness of the thermal compound at the center of the optical waveguide device was 50 ⁇ m. Ten identical samples were prepared, and the temperature uniformity of each of the optical waveguide elements 2 was measured. However, temperature uniformity is Only two achieved 0.5 ° C.
- the ceramic heater 40 is provided with a heat generating circuit 42 having a resistance value of about 0.5 to 10 ⁇ and generating heat when energized. Further, at both ends of the heat generating circuit 42, electrodes 42 a and 42 b for supplying current to the heat generating circuit 42 are provided. In this embodiment, a part of the heat generating circuit 42 is further provided.
- the ceramic heater 40 is provided with a heat generating circuit 42 having a resistance value of about 0.5 to 10 ⁇ and generating heat when energized.
- electrodes 42 a and 42 b for supplying current to the heat generating circuit 42 are provided at both ends of the heat generating circuit 42.
- a part of the heat generating circuit 42 is further provided.
- the heater temperature was measured at the joined thermistor. As a result, when the temperature reached 200 ° C, the temperature did not rise any more. After the experiment, when disassembled and inspected each member, it was confirmed that the solder formed on the heater was melted and disconnected. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the other resin members were not broken. It is also probable that the solder wire was not broken, but the heater rises higher in temperature, so the solder in the heater was broken first, so the wire was not broken.
- Example 13 an A 1 N heater in which a part of the heat generating circuit was formed by solder was used. In this embodiment, a normal A 1 N heater was used. However, the same experiment as in Example 13 was performed, except that the lead wire for connecting the ceramic substrate 40 and the heat insulating substrate 50 was changed from a normal copper wire to a conductive wire made of solder. As a result, it was confirmed that the temperature did not rise any more when the temperature of the bar became 210 ° C. After the experiment, disassembly and inspection of each member confirmed that the solder conductor was melted and disconnected. On the other hand, it was confirmed that other resin components were not destroyed.
- the present invention made by the inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiments.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
- the quartz can heat by Joule, silica, not limited to L i N b 0 3 made of an optical waveguide element, other, it is effective for an optical waveguide device made of resin or the like.
- the present invention can be applied to the size of the optical waveguide element regardless of whether it is smaller or larger than the above embodiments.
- the resin used for bonding and the like and the material used for the housing and the like are not limited to the above embodiments.
- the ceramics layer is formed of A 1 N having a high thermal conductivity, the heat transmitted from the heating circuit is not applied to the ceramics layer.
- the optical waveguide element is almost uniformly diffused, and the optical waveguide element mounted on the ceramic layer is uniformly heated.
- the ceramic heater is supported by a heat-insulating substrate having heat insulating properties, the heat generated in the heating circuit is prevented from being released from the heat-insulating substrate and the heat distribution of the ceramic heater becomes non-uniform. The temperature uniformity of the element can be further improved.
- the ceramic heater of the present invention is formed of A1N and has a high thermal conductivity, it is possible to omit the soaking plate, which is indispensable when using other heaters having a low thermal conductivity. Thus, the thicknesses of the heater module and the optical waveguide module can be drastically reduced.
- A1N has a high thermal conductivity and does not require a soaking plate, designing a small ceramic heater can significantly reduce the power consumption of the heater.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002398971A CA2398971A1 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2001-01-19 | Heater module and optical waveguide module |
EP01901469A EP1258752A4 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2001-01-19 | HEATING MODULE AND LIGHTING WAVE MODULE |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000-20283 | 2000-01-28 | ||
JP2000020283 | 2000-01-28 | ||
JP2000063733 | 2000-03-08 | ||
JP2000-63733 | 2000-03-08 |
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WO2001055758A1 true WO2001055758A1 (fr) | 2001-08-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2001/000352 WO2001055758A1 (fr) | 2000-01-28 | 2001-01-19 | Module de rechauffage et module guide d'ondes optiques |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20030180030A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1258752A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100433743B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1397024A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2398971A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW483286B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001055758A1 (ja) |
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WO2021214897A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 波長変換装置 |
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CA2643792A1 (en) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-13 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Flexible optical waveguide, method for manufacturing such flexible optical waveguide, and optical module |
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KR101489327B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-15 | 2015-02-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 물질막의 형성 방법 및 메모리 장치의 제조 방법 |
JP2010266475A (ja) * | 2009-05-12 | 2010-11-25 | Nitto Denko Corp | 光導波路の製造方法 |
US9400402B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2016-07-26 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Optical waveguide and optical device based on the same |
JP2020514793A (ja) | 2016-12-29 | 2020-05-21 | アイピージー フォトニクス コーポレーション | 高温光学分子汚染防止ゲッターシステム |
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JP7135645B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-19 | 2022-09-13 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | 光モジュール |
JP7342714B2 (ja) * | 2020-01-21 | 2023-09-12 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 受光デバイス及び受光デバイスの製造方法 |
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CN112269276B (zh) * | 2020-11-13 | 2024-05-24 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | 一种光器件 |
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2001
- 2001-01-19 US US10/182,120 patent/US20030180030A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-19 WO PCT/JP2001/000352 patent/WO2001055758A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-19 EP EP01901469A patent/EP1258752A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-01-19 CN CN01804177A patent/CN1397024A/zh active Pending
- 2001-01-19 KR KR10-2002-7009302A patent/KR100433743B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-19 CA CA002398971A patent/CA2398971A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-20 TW TW090101515A patent/TW483286B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010139970A (ja) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-24 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 光導波路の製造方法 |
JP2011200398A (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-10-13 | Fujifilm Corp | 内視鏡 |
WO2021214897A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 波長変換装置 |
JPWO2021214897A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | ||
JP7319582B2 (ja) | 2020-04-22 | 2023-08-02 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 波長変換装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20020070489A (ko) | 2002-09-09 |
KR100433743B1 (ko) | 2004-06-04 |
EP1258752A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
TW483286B (en) | 2002-04-11 |
US20030180030A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
EP1258752A4 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
CN1397024A (zh) | 2003-02-12 |
CA2398971A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
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