WO2001053436A1 - Motor fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Motor fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001053436A1
WO2001053436A1 PCT/SE2000/000139 SE0000139W WO0153436A1 WO 2001053436 A1 WO2001053436 A1 WO 2001053436A1 SE 0000139 W SE0000139 W SE 0000139W WO 0153436 A1 WO0153436 A1 WO 0153436A1
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Prior art keywords
volume
astm
fuel
ethanol
motor fuel
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PCT/SE2000/000139
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Angelica Golubkov
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Angelica Golubkov
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Application filed by Angelica Golubkov filed Critical Angelica Golubkov
Priority to AU36848/00A priority Critical patent/AU3684800A/en
Priority to PCT/SE2000/000139 priority patent/WO2001053436A1/en
Priority to HU0204201A priority patent/HU230551B1/hu
Priority to PL01356843A priority patent/PL194561B1/pl
Priority to BRPI0107817-8A priority patent/BR0107817B1/pt
Priority to DK01942659T priority patent/DK1252268T3/da
Priority to SI200130387T priority patent/SI1252268T1/xx
Priority to UA2002076155A priority patent/UA76945C2/uk
Priority to EP01942659A priority patent/EP1252268B1/en
Priority to AT01942659T priority patent/ATE296342T1/de
Priority to DE60111018T priority patent/DE60111018T2/de
Priority to EA200200796A priority patent/EA006855B1/ru
Priority to ES01942659T priority patent/ES2243510T3/es
Priority to PCT/SE2001/000040 priority patent/WO2001053437A1/en
Priority to YU55802A priority patent/RS52075B/sr
Priority to JP2001553900A priority patent/JP4871475B2/ja
Priority to CZ2002-2869A priority patent/CZ305710B6/cs
Priority to EEP200200407A priority patent/EE05647B1/xx
Priority to SK1222-2002A priority patent/SK287660B6/sk
Priority to CA2397579A priority patent/CA2397579C/en
Priority to KR1020027009521A priority patent/KR100545054B1/ko
Priority to EP05104353A priority patent/EP1589091A1/en
Priority to PT01942659T priority patent/PT1252268E/pt
Priority to AU28949/01A priority patent/AU782062B2/en
Priority to MXPA02007148A priority patent/MXPA02007148A/es
Priority to US09/767,940 priority patent/US20010034966A1/en
Priority to CNB018040500A priority patent/CN1177914C/zh
Priority to IL15062401A priority patent/IL150624A/xx
Publication of WO2001053436A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001053436A1/en
Priority to CU149A priority patent/CU23146A3/es
Priority to ZA200205833A priority patent/ZA200205833B/en
Priority to NO20023502A priority patent/NO336184B1/no
Priority to HR20020670A priority patent/HRP20020670B1/xx
Priority to BG107007A priority patent/BG66039B1/en
Priority to US10/237,174 priority patent/US6761745B2/en
Priority to HK03104130A priority patent/HK1052023A1/xx
Priority to US10/734,215 priority patent/US7323020B2/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C10L1/1855—Cyclic ethers, e.g. epoxides, lactides, lactones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1857—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters

Definitions

  • the motor fuel consists of a hydrocarbon liquid, ethanol, and components for adjusting the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of the resulting fuel composition.
  • the ethanol and DVPE adjusting components used to obtain the fuel composition are derived preferably from renewable raw materials.
  • this invention relates to motor fuel meeting standard requirements for spark ignition internal combustion engines operating with gasoline.
  • Gasoline is a major fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines.
  • the extensive use of gasoline results in the pollution of the environment.
  • the combustion of gasoline derived from crude oil or mineral gas disturbs the carbon dioxide balance in the atmosphere, and causes the greenhouse effect. Crude oil reserves are decreasing steadily with some countries already facing crude oil shortages.
  • tert-butyl ethers are widely used as components of gasolines.
  • Motor fuels comprising tert-butyl ethers are described in US Patent No. 4,468,233 granted in 1984.
  • the major part of these ethers is obtained from petroleum refining, but they can equally be produced from renewable resources.
  • Ethanol is the most promising product for use as a motor fuel component in mixtures with gasoline.
  • Ethanol is obtained from the processing of renewable raw material, known generically as biomass, which in its turn derives from carbon dioxide under the influence of solar energy.
  • Figure 1 shows the behavior of the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) as a function of the ethanol content of mixtures of ethanol and gasoline A92 summer, and gasoline A95 summer and winter, at 37.8°C.
  • the gasolines are standard gasolines purchased at gas stations in USA and Sweden.
  • the gasoline A92 originated from USA, and the gasolines A95 from Sweden.
  • the ethanol is fuel grade ethanol produced by Williams, USA.
  • the DVPE of the mixtures was determined, according to the standard ASTM D 5191 method at SGS laboratory in Sweden.
  • the data in fig.1 shows, that the DVPE of mixtures of gasoline and ethanol, can exceed the DVPE of source gasoline by more than 10%. Since the oil companies normally supply the market with gasoline already at the maximum allowed DVPE, which is strictly limited by current regulations, the addition of ethanol to such gasolines becomes impossible.
  • the fuel additive comprises between 20-70% alcohol, between 2.5-20% ketone and ether, between 0.03-20%) aliphatic and silicon compounds, between 5-20% toluene, and between 4-45% mineral spirits.
  • the alcohols are methanol and ethanol. It is noted in the patent, that the additive improves gasoline quality, and specifically decreases DVPE.
  • the disadvantages of this method of motor fuel DVPE adjustment are the followin 1 g ⁇ >:- - the need for large quantities of the additive, namely not less than 15% by volume of the mixture; and
  • the motor fuel DVPE adjustment method which is the closest to this invention is described in US Patent No. 5,697,987 granted on December 16, 1997.
  • the patent discloses a spark ignition motor fuel composition consisting essentially of a hydrocarbon component of C 5 -C 7 straight-chained or branched alkanes essentially free of olefms, aromatics, benzene and sulfur, in which the hydrocarbon component has a minimum anti-knock index of 65.
  • the co-solvent for the hydrocarbon component and ethanol is biomass- derived 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
  • hydrocarbon component is a coal gas condensate or natural gas condensate
  • the present invention for obtaining the motor fuel enables the use of C 3 -Cn hydrocarbon fractions, including narrower ranges within this range, without restriction on the presence of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatics, and sulfur.
  • the hydrocarbon component can be a standard gasoline currently on the market, as well as, other mixtures of hydrocarbons obtained in the refining of petroleum, off-gas of chemical-recovery coal carbonization, natural gas, and synthesis gas.
  • the present invention enables the use of up to 15% by volume of ethanol in mixtures with the aforesaid hydrocarbon component to obtain the motor fuel, and to maintain the dry vapor pressure equivalent of the resulting fuel composition or to lower it in comparison to the level of the dry vapor pressure equivalent of the source hydrocarbon component, by means of adding to the motor fuel composition at least one oxygen- containing organic compound, chosen from the group of substances disclosed in the claims of the present invention.
  • the present invention enables the adjustment of the dry vapor pressure equivalent, the anti-knock index and other performance parameters of the motor fuel, the reduction of the fuel consumption and the reduction of toxic substances in the engine exhaust emissions by adding to the fuel composition compounds containing oxygen bound in the following functional groups:
  • a motor fuel suitable for operation of a standard spark ignition internal combustion engine it is necessary to use the aforesaid hydrocarbon component in the amount of at least 84.9% by volume of the fuel composition, ethanol in the amount of not more than 15% by volume of the fuel composition, and additional oxygen-containing components in the amount of at least 0.1% by volume of the fuel composition.
  • anti-knock index octane number
  • anti-knock index octane number
  • DVPE dry vapor pressure equivalent
  • the aforesaid hydrocarbon component should be first mixed with ethanol, followed by the addition of the additional oxygen-containing compound or compounds to the mixture. Afterwards, the resulting fuel composition should be kept at a temperature not lower than -35°C, for at least one hour.
  • a motor fuel composition demonstrating the possibility of lowering the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of a mixture of a hydrocarbon component, which in this composition is a standard gasoline, with fuel grade ethanol, by means of preparation of a three-component mixture with an additional oxygen-containing component, which in this composition are alcohols.
  • DVPE dry vapor pressure equivalent
  • composition 1 demonstrates the possibility of adjusting the anti-knock index (octane number) of the motor fuel.
  • the source gasoline A95 summer had the following specification:
  • the gasoline A95 summer of composition 1 was used as a reference fuel to conduct the tests in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69.
  • the testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL. model 1987, with the engine B230F. 4- cylinder volume 2.32 liter. No. LG4F20-87, power 83 kW at 90 revolutions/second, torque 185 Nm at 46 revolutions/second, and gave the following operating results for the exhaust emissions:
  • Formulation 1-1 containing 86.2% by volume of gasoline A95 summer, 6.9% by volume of ethanol, and 6.9% by volume of butanol had the following properties:
  • Formulation 1-3 containing 86.3% by volume of gasoline A95 summer, 6.3% by volume of ethanol, and 7.4% by volume of rz-amyl alcohol had the following properties:
  • Formulation 1-4 contained 87% by volume of gasoline A95 summer, 6.5% b> volume of ethanol, and 6.5% by volume of isoamyl alcohol. It demonstrated the possibility of maintaining the dry vapor pressure equivalent at the same level as the source gasoline, whilst increasing the octane number, decreasing the level of toxic emissions in the exhaust and decreasing the fuel consumption in comparison with the initial mixture of gasoline and ethanol. It had the following properties:
  • gum content according to ASTM D381 ⁇ lmg/100ml
  • the motor fuel formulation 1-4 was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69. The testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL, model 1987, with the engine B230F, No. LG4F20-87, gave the following results compared with the reference fuel for composition 1 :
  • a motor fuel composition demonstrating the possibility of lowering the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of a mixture of a hydrocarbon component, which in this composition is a standard gasoline, with fuel grade ethanol, by means of a preparation of a three-component mixture with an additional oxygen-containing component, which in this composition are ketones.
  • DVPE dry vapor pressure equivalent
  • the present composition demonstrates the possibility of adjusting the anti-knock index (octane number) of the motor fuel.
  • the source gasoline A95 winter had the following properties:
  • hydrocarbons including
  • the initial mixture contained 90%> by volume of gasoline A95 winter, and 10%> by volume of ethanol.
  • the mixture was characterized as follows:
  • Formulation 2-2 containing 88%> by volume of gasoline A95 winter, 5% by volume of ethanol, and 7%> by volume of diisopropyl ketone had the following properties:
  • Formulation 2-4 contained 85.5% by volume of gasoline A95 winter, 7.5% by volume of ethanol, and 7% by volume of this diisobutyl ketone. It demonstrated the possibility of decreasing the dry vapor pressure equivalent, increasing the octane number, decreasing the level of toxic emissions in the exhaust and decreasing the fuel consumption in comparison with the initial mixture of gasoline and ethanol. It had the following properties:
  • gum content according to ASTM D381 lmg/lOOml
  • the motor fuel formulation 2-4 was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69. The testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL, model 1987, with the engine B230F, No. LG4F20-87, gave the following results compared with the reference fuel for composition 2:
  • a motor fuel composition demonstrating the possibility of lowering the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of a mixture of hydrocarbon components (HCC).
  • HCC hydrocarbon components
  • HCC hydrocarbon components
  • composition 3 demonstrates the possibility of adjusting the antiknock index (octane number) and other performance properties of the motor fuel.
  • a standard gasoline purchased in Sweden at Shell gasoline stations, reformulated gasoline produced in Sweden by Preem Petroleum AB, and a hydrocarbon fraction of natural gas condensate produced in Russia were used.
  • the hydrocarbon component (HCC) for this motor fuel composition was prepared, initially, by mixing of 85%> by volume of gasoline A95 winter and 15%) by volume of gas condensate hydrocarbon liquid. After preparation the hydrocarbon component (HCC) was allowed to stand for 24 hours.
  • the resulting component was characterized as follows:
  • the hydrocarbon component (HCC) of composition 3 was used as a reference fuel to conduct the tests in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69.
  • the testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL. model 1987, with the engine B230F, cylinder volume 2.32 liter, No. LG4F20-87, power 83 kW at 90 revolutions/second, torque 185 Nm at 46 revolutions/second, and gave the following operating results for the exhaust emissions:
  • the initial mixture comprising 95%> by volume of the aforesaid hydrocarbon component (HCC), and 5%> by volume of ethanol was characterized as follows:
  • the initial mixture comprising 95% by volume of the aforesaid hydrocarbon component (HCC), and 5% by volume of ethanol was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69. The testing was performed on the car Volvo
  • Formulation 3-1 containing 90% by volume of HCC. 5% by volume of ethanol. and 5% by volume of diisobutyl ether had the following properties:
  • Formulation 3-3 containing 90% by volume of HCC, 5%> by volume of ethanol, and 5% by volume of ethyl isobornyl ether had the following properties:
  • Formulation 3-4 contained 85% by volume of HCC, 8%> by volume of ethanol, and 7% by volume of diisoamyl ether. It demonstrated the possibility of decreasing the dry vapor pressure equivalent, increasing the octane number, decreasing the level of toxic emissions in the exhaust and decreasing the fuel consumption in comparison with the initial mixture of gasoline and ethanol. It had the following properties:
  • gum content according to ASTM D381 2mg/100ml
  • the motor fuel formulation 3-4 was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69. The testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL. model 1987, with the engine B230F, No. LG4F20-87, gave the following results compared with the reference fuel for composition 3:
  • a motor fuel composition demonstrating the possibility of lowering the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of a mixture of hydrocarbon components, which in this composition are a standard gasoline, a hydrocarbon fraction of reformulated gasoline, and a hydrocarbon fraction derived from synthesis-gas, with biochemical technical grade ethanol, by means of preparation of a three-component mixture with an additional oxygen-containing component, which in this composition are esters.
  • DVPE dry vapor pressure equivalent
  • composition 4 demonstrates the possibility of adjusting the anti-knock index (octane number) and other performance properties of the motor fuel.
  • the hydrocarbon component (HCC) for this composition was prepared by, initially, mixing 50%) by volume of gasoline A95 winter, 35%) by volume of reformulated gasoline, and 15% by volume of hydrocarbon liquid derived from synthesis-gas. After mixing the hydrocarbon component was allowed to stand for 24 hours.
  • the resulting component was characterized as follows:
  • the hydrocarbon component (HCC) of composition 4 was used as a reference fuel to conduct the tests in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69.
  • the testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL, model 1987, with the engine B230F, cylinder volume 2.32 liter, No. LG4F20-87, power 83 kW at 90 revolutions/second, torque 185 Nm at 46 revolutions/second, and gave the following operating results for the exhaust emissions:
  • the initial mixture comprising 95%o by volume of the aforesaid hydrocarbon component (HCC), and 5% by volume of ethanol was characterized as follows:
  • the initial mixture comprising 95% by volume of the aforesaid hydrocarbon component (HCC), and 5% by volume of ethanol was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69.
  • the testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL, model 1987, with the engine B230F, No. LG4F20-87, gave the following results compared with the reference fuel for composition 4:
  • Formulation 4-1 containing 88.5%) by volume of hydrocarbon component, 4.5% by volume of ethanol, and 7% by volume of isobutyl acetate had the following properties:
  • Formulation 4-2 containing 88%> by volume of hydrocarbon component, 5% by volume of ethanol, and 7%> by volume of ⁇ -amyl acetate ether had the following properties:
  • Formulation 4-3 containing 88%> by volume of hydrocarbon component, 5% by volume of ethanol, and 7%> by volume of isoamyl acetate had the following properties:
  • Formulation 4-4 contained 87.5%> by volume of hydrocarbon component, 5.5%> by volume of ethanol, and 7%> by volume of isoamyl propionate. It demonstrated the possibility of maintaining the dry vapor pressure equivalent and the fuel consumption at the same level as the source hydrocarbon component (HCC), whilst increasing the octane number and decreasing the level of toxic emissions in the exhaust in comparison with the initial mixture of gasoline and ethanol. It had the following properties:
  • gum content according to ASTM D381 lmg/lOOml
  • the motor fuel formulation 4-4 was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69. The testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL, model 1987, with the engine B230F, No. LG4F20-87, gave the following results compared with the reference fuel for composition 4:
  • a motor fuel composition demonstrating the possibility of lowering the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of a mixture of a hydrocarbon component, being in this composition a standard gasoline, with fuel grade ethanol, by means of a preparation of multi-component mixtures with additional oxygen-containing components, which in this composition are alcohols and aldols.
  • DVPE dry vapor pressure equivalent
  • composition 5 demonstrates the possibility of adjusting the anti-knock index (octane number) of the motor fuel.
  • the source gasoline A92 summer was characterized as follows:
  • Formulation 5-1 containing 86.6%> by volume of gasoline A92 summer, 7.35% volume of ethanol, 4.82% by volume of 2-ethylhexanol. and 1.23%o by volume of diacetone alcohol had the following properties:
  • Formulation 5-3 containing 85%> by volume of gasoline A92 summer, 8%> by volume of ethanol, and 7% by volume of isobutyl aldol had the following properties:
  • Formulation 5-4 contained 88.5% by volume of gasoline A92 summer, 4.5%o by volume of ethanol, and 7% by volume of diacetone alcohol. It demonstrated the possibility of decreasing the dry vapor pressure equivalent, increasing the octane number, decreasing the level of toxic emissions in the exhaust and decreasing the fuel consumption in comparison with the initial mixture of gasoline and ethanol. It had the following properties:
  • gum content according to ASTM D381 ⁇ lmg/100ml
  • the motor fuel formulation 5-4 was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69. The testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL. model 1987, with the engine B230F, No. LG4F20-87, gave the following results compared with the reference fuel for composition 5 :
  • a motor fuel composition demonstrating the possibility of lowering the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of a mixture of hydrocarbon components, being in this composition a hydrocarbon liquid of C 6 -Cn fraction, with fuel grade ethanol, by means of a preparation of a three-component mixture of an additional oxygen- containing component, which in this composition are ketone esters.
  • DVPE dry vapor pressure equivalent
  • the present composition demonstrates the possibility of adjusting the anti-knock index (octane number) of the motor fuel.
  • the source technical grade hydrocarbon liquid had the following properties:
  • the initial mixture comprising 90% by volume of the aforesaid hydrocarbon component (HCC), and 10%) by volume of ethanol was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69.
  • the testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL, model 1987, with the engine B230F, No. LG4F20-87, gave the following results compared with the reference fuel for composition 6:
  • Formulation 6-1 containing 85% by volume of hydrocarbon component, 5% by volume of ethanol, and 10% by volume of ethyl acetoacetate had the following properties:
  • Formulation 6-2 contained 85% by volume of hydrocarbon component, 10% by volume of ethanol, and 5%> by volume of tert-butyl acetoacetate. It demonstrated the possibility of maintaining the dry vapor pressure equivalent at the same level as the source hydrocarbon component, whilst increasing the octane number, decreasing the level of toxic emissions in the exhaust and decreasing the fuel consumption in comparison with the initial mixture of gasoline and ethanol. It had the following properties:
  • gum content according to ASTM D381 Omg/ 100ml
  • the motor fuel formulation 6-2 was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69. The testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL. model 1987, with the engine B230F, No. LG4F20-87, gave the following results compared with the reference fuel for composition 6:
  • DVPE dry vapor pressure equivalent
  • the present composition demonstrates the possibility of adjusting the anti-knock index (octane number) and other performance parameters of the motor fuel.
  • the hydrocarbon component for the present motor fuel composition was prepared by, initially, mixing of 75% by volume of gasoline A95 winter, 15% by volume of reformulated gasoline and 10%) by volume of hydrocarbon liquid obtained in chemical-recovery carbonization. After mixing the hydrocarbon component was allowed to stand for 24 hours. The resulting component was characterized as follows:
  • the hydrocarbon component (HCC) of composition 7 was used as a reference fuel to conduct the tests in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69.
  • the testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL, model 1987, with the engine B230F, cylinder volume 2.32 liter, No. LG4F20-87, power 83 kW at 90 revolutions/second, torque 185 Nm at 46 revolutions/second, and gave the following operating results for the exhaust emissions:
  • the initial mixture comprising 90%) by volume of the aforesaid hydrocarbon component, and 10%o by volume of ethanol was characterized as follows:
  • the initial mixture comprising 90% by volume of the aforesaid hydrocarbon component (HCC), and 10%) by volume of ethanol was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69.
  • the testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL. model 1987, with the engine B230F. No. LG4F20-87, gave the following results compared with the reference fuel for composition 7: - CO -18.3%;
  • Formulation 7-1 containing 89.5%> by volume of hydrocarbon component, 3.5%> by volume of ethanol, and 7% by volume of furfuryl alcohol had the following properties:
  • Formulation 7-2 containing 89.5%) by volume of hydrocarbon component, 4% by volume of ethanol, and 7.5% by volume of diethyl furfural had the following properties:
  • Formulation 7-3 contained 89.5% by volume of hydrocarbon component, 5% by volume of ethanol, and 5.5% by volume of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. It demonstrated the possibility of maintaining the dry vapor pressure equivalent and the fuel consumption at the same level as the source hydrocarbon component (HCC), whilst increasing the octane number and decreasing the level of toxic emissions in the exhaust in comparison with the initial mixture of gasoline and ethanol. It had the following properties:
  • gum content according to ASTM D381 2mg/ 100ml
  • the motor fuel formulation 7-3 was tested in accordance with the test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69. The testing was performed on the car Volvo 240 DL, model 1987, with the engine B230F, No. LG4F20-87, gave the following results compared with the reference fuel for composition 7:

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PCT/SE2000/000139 2000-01-24 2000-01-24 Motor fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines WO2001053436A1 (en)

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AU36848/00A AU3684800A (en) 2000-01-24 2000-01-24 Motor fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines
PCT/SE2000/000139 WO2001053436A1 (en) 2000-01-24 2000-01-24 Motor fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines
HU0204201A HU230551B1 (hu) 2000-01-24 2001-01-11 Eljárás szikragyújtásos belső égésű motorokhoz való, etanoltartalmú motorüzemanyagok gőznyomásának csökkentésére
PL01356843A PL194561B1 (pl) 2000-01-24 2001-01-11 Sposób zmniejszania prężności par w paliwie zawierającym etanol dla silników spalinowych z zapłonemiskrowym
IL15062401A IL150624A (en) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
CZ2002-2869A CZ305710B6 (cs) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Způsob snížení tlaku par na uhlovodíku založené motorové palivové směsi, kompozice motorového paliva
EP05104353A EP1589091A1 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Ethanol-Containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines having reduced vapour pressure
SI200130387T SI1252268T1 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
UA2002076155A UA76945C2 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Method of reducing the vapour pressure of motor fuels containing ethanol intended for internal combustion engines with spark ignition
EP01942659A EP1252268B1 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
AT01942659T ATE296342T1 (de) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Verfahren zur verringerung des dampfdruckes von ethanolhaltigen motortreibstoffen für funkengezündete verbrennungsmotoren
DE60111018T DE60111018T2 (de) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Verfahren zur verringerung des dampfdruckes von ethanolhaltigen motortreibstoffen für funkengezündete verbrennungsmotoren
EA200200796A EA006855B1 (ru) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Способ понижения давления паров этанолсодержащих моторных топлив для двигателей внутреннего сгорания с искровым зажиганием
ES01942659T ES2243510T3 (es) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Metodo para reducir la presion de vapor de combustibles para motor que contienen etanol para motores de combustion de encendido por chispa.
PCT/SE2001/000040 WO2001053437A1 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
YU55802A RS52075B (sr) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Postupak za smanjenje pritiska pare motornih goriva koji sadrže etanol za motore sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem sa svećicama
JP2001553900A JP4871475B2 (ja) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 火花点火燃焼エンジンのためのエタノール含有モータ燃料の蒸気圧を減じるための方法
BRPI0107817-8A BR0107817B1 (pt) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 processo de redução da pressão de vapor de uma mistura combustìvel para motores, composição combustìvel para motores, mistura de etanol do tipo para combustìvel, um componente contendo oxigênio, e pelo menos um hidrocarboneto c6-c12, e, usos da mistura, e do combustìvel de gasolina.
EEP200200407A EE05647B1 (et) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Meetod s„destamisega sisep?lemismootorite etanooli sisaldavate mootoriktuste auru surve v„hendamiseks
SK1222-2002A SK287660B6 (sk) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Spôsob znižovania tlaku pár motorovej palivovej zmesi
CA2397579A CA2397579C (en) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
KR1020027009521A KR100545054B1 (ko) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 스파크 점화 연소 엔진용 에탄올 함유 모터 연료의증기압을 낮추는 방법
DK01942659T DK1252268T3 (da) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Fremgangsmåde til reducering af damptrykket af ethanolholdige motorbrændstoffer til forbrændingsmotorer med gnisttænding
PT01942659T PT1252268E (pt) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Processo para a reducao da pressao de vapor de combustiveis contendo etanol para motores de combustao de ignicao por faisca
AU28949/01A AU782062B2 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
MXPA02007148A MXPA02007148A (es) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Metodo para reducir la presion de vapor de combustibles para motor que contienen etanol para motores de combustion por ignicion de bujias.
US09/767,940 US20010034966A1 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 Method of reducing the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
CNB018040500A CN1177914C (zh) 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 降低用于火花点燃式内燃机的含乙醇发动机燃料蒸汽压的方法
CU149A CU23146A3 (es) 2000-01-24 2002-07-17 MéTODO DE REDUCCION DE LA PRESION DE VAPOR DE COMBUSTIBLES DE MOTOR QUE CONTIENEN ETANOL PARA MáQUINAS DE COMBUSTION DE ENCENDIDO POR CHISPA Y COMPOSICION COMBUSTIBLE ASI OBTENIDA
ZA200205833A ZA200205833B (en) 2000-01-24 2002-07-22 Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines.
NO20023502A NO336184B1 (no) 2000-01-24 2002-07-23 Fremgangsmåte for å senke damptrykket for et etanolinneholdende motorbrennstoff for motorer med gnisttenning
HR20020670A HRP20020670B1 (en) 2000-01-24 2002-08-13 Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
BG107007A BG66039B1 (en) 2000-01-24 2002-08-15 METHOD FOR REDUCING EQUIPMENT FOR STAINLESS STEEL MOTOR FUELS FOR INTERNAL FIRE-FIGHTING ENGINES
US10/237,174 US6761745B2 (en) 2000-01-24 2002-09-09 Method of reducing the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
HK03104130A HK1052023A1 (en) 2000-01-24 2003-06-11 Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines.
US10/734,215 US7323020B2 (en) 2000-01-24 2003-12-15 Method for making a fuel for a modified spark ignition combustion engine, a fuel for a modified spark ignition combustion engine and a fuel additive for a conventional spark ignition combustion engine

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WO2001081513A2 (en) * 2000-04-21 2001-11-01 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Gasoline-oxygenate blend
WO2001081513A3 (en) * 2000-04-21 2002-08-01 Shell Int Research Gasoline-oxygenate blend
WO2003062354A1 (en) * 2002-01-21 2003-07-31 Ramar Ponniah Hydrocarbon fuel
RU2605954C1 (ru) * 2015-12-25 2017-01-10 Акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт по переработке нефти" (АО "ВНИИ НП") Альтернативное автомобильное топливо и способ его получения
RU2605952C1 (ru) * 2015-12-25 2017-01-10 Акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт по переработке нефти" (АО "ВНИИ НП") Альтернативное автомобильное топливо и способ его получения
US10947468B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2021-03-16 Bp Oil International Limited Fuel compositions with additives
US10954460B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2021-03-23 Bp Oil International Limited Fuel compositions
US10961477B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2021-03-30 Bp Oil International Limited Fuel additives
EP3399008A1 (de) 2017-05-02 2018-11-07 ASG Analytik-Service Gesellschaft mbH Potenziell co2-neutraler und umweltschonender ottokraftstoff auf basis der c1-chemie
US20230227745A1 (en) * 2020-08-31 2023-07-20 Neste Oyj Octane enhanced intermediate hydrocarbon composition
US12122971B2 (en) * 2020-08-31 2024-10-22 Neste Oyj Octane enhanced intermediate hydrocarbon composition

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