UA76945C2 - Method of reducing the vapour pressure of motor fuels containing ethanol intended for internal combustion engines with spark ignition - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of reducing the vapour pressure of a C3 to C12 hydrocarbon-based motor fuel mixture containing 0.1 to 20 % by volume of ethanol for conventional spark ignition internal combustion engines, wherein, in addition to an ethanol component and a C3 - C12 hydrocarbon component, an oxygen-containing additive selected from at least one of the following types of compounds: alcohol other than ethanol, ether, ketone, ester, hydroxy ketone, ketone ester, and a heterocyclic containing oxygen, is introduced in the fuel mixture in an amount of at least 0.05 by volume of the total fuel, is disclosed. A mixture of ethanol fuel and oxygen-containing additive usable in the method of the invention is also disclosed.

Description

Description of the invention

This invention relates to motor fuels intended for operation in internal combustion engines with 2 spark ignition. In particular, this invention offers a method of reducing the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDV) of a fuel composition, which includes a hydrocarbon liquid and ethanol, by using oxygen-containing additives. Ethanol and components for changing ETSP used to obtain the composition come mainly from renewable raw materials. By applying the method proposed in the invention, it becomes possible to obtain motor fuels with an ethanol content of up to 2095 vol., which meet the standard requirements of up to 70 fuel for internal combustion gasoline engines with spark ignition.

Gasoline is the main fuel for internal combustion gasoline engines with spark ignition.

The widespread use of gasoline leads to environmental pollution. Combustion of gasoline derived from crude oil or natural gas disturbs the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and causes the greenhouse effect. Crude oil reserves are constantly decreasing, and in some countries the problem of its 12 deficit has already arisen.

Growing concern for the protection of the environment, stricter requirements regarding the content of harmful components in emissions and the shortage of crude oil force the industry to urgently develop alternative fuels with cleaner combustion.

The existing global fleet of vehicles and machines running on internal combustion gasoline engines with spark ignition does not allow to completely stop the use of gasoline as a motor fuel now.

The task of creating alternative fuels for internal combustion engines has been around for a long time, and many attempts have been made to use renewable resources to obtain motor fuel components.

US patent Mo2365009 of 1944 describes the use of C4.5 alcohols and Cz5 hydrocarbons as fuel. In US patent No. 25 of 1989 Mo4818250 it is proposed to use as fuel or a component of gasoline mixtures Ge) limonene obtained from citrus fruits and other plants. 1997 US Patent No. 5,607,486 describes original motor fuel additives containing terpenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and lower alcohols.

Currently, tert-butyl ethers are widely used as gasoline components. Motor fuels containing tert-butyl ethers are described in 1984 US patent Mo4468233. Most of these esters are derived from petroleum refining, but they can also be made from renewable resources. "AND

Regarding the use as a component of motor fuel in mixtures with gasoline, ethanol is the most promising product. Ethanol is obtained by processing renewable raw materials, commonly known as biomass, which, in turn, is formed from carbon dioxide under the influence of solar energy. Gee)

Burning ethanol produces significantly fewer harmful substances than burning gasoline. However, the use of motor fuel, which consists mainly of ethanol, requires specially adapted engines. At the same time, spark-ignition internal combustion engines that normally run on gasoline can be fueled with motor fuel consisting of a mixture of gasoline and ethanol, no more than about 1095 by volume. Such a mixture of gasoline and ethanol is now sold in the United States "

States as benzo alcohol. Modern European regulations regarding gasoline allow adding 40% ethanol to 595% by volume of gasoline. c The biggest disadvantage of mixtures of ethanol with gasoline is that for mixtures with an ethanol content of up to 2095 from

From" volume, in comparison with pure gasoline, the equivalent pressure of dry steam increases significantly.

Figure 1 shows the dependence of the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDPS) on the ethanol content in mixtures with gasoline A92-summer, A95-summer and A95-winter at 37.82C. Well-known gasoline brands A92 and A95 can usually be bought at gas stations in the United States and Sweden. A92 gasoline from the United States was used, and A9B5 gasoline from Sweden. Fuel-grade ethanol produced by the company PIIIIATZ, USA was used. The ETSP (Ge) of the mixtures was determined according to the standard method AB5TM B5191 in the BO5 laboratory, in Stockholm, Sweden.

In the range of volume concentrations of ethanol from 5 to 1095, which are of particular interest for the use of motor fuel in conventional spark-ignition engines, the data of Fig. 1 show that the ETSP of mixtures of t" 20 gasoline with ethanol can exceed the ETSP of the original gasoline by more than 1095. Since commercial gasoline companies usually supply the market with gasoline with the maximum permissible ETSP, which is strictly limited by existing regulations, adding ethanol to such gasoline brands currently available on the market is not possible.

It is known that the ETSP of mixtures can be changed. US Patent No. 5015356, issued May 14, 1991, proposes to modify the gasoline formula by removing both the volatile and non-volatile components of C/-C41" gasoline to 99 obtain Ce-C0 or Ce-C4u intermediate gasoline. It is believed that such fuels facilitate the addition of alcohol due to

HF) to their lower equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDV). The disadvantage of this method of regulating the ETSP of gasoline and ethanol mixtures is that to obtain such a mixture, it is necessary to produce gasoline with a specially modified formula, which negatively affects the supply chain and leads to an increase in motor fuel prices. In addition, such gasolines and their mixtures with ethanol have a higher flash point, which worsens their operational characteristics.

It is known that some chemical components, when added to gasoline or to its mixture with ethanol, reduce

ETSP. For example, the US patent Mo5433756, issued on July 18, 1995, offers chemical compounds-activators of clean combustion, which, in addition to gasoline, contain ketones, nitroparaffin, as well as alcohols other than ethanol.

It is noted that the composition of the catalytic activator of clean combustion proposed in the patent reduces 69 ETSP of gasoline fuel.

This patent does not say anything about the effect of the clean combustion activator on the ETSP of gasoline and ethanol mixtures.

US Patent No. 5,688,295, issued November 18, 1997, discloses chemical compounds for use as gasoline additives or as fuels for conventional standard engines. The invention offers an additive based on alcohol. The fuel additive contains 20 - 7095 of alcohol, 2.5 - 2095 of ketone and ether, 0.03 - 2095 of aliphatic and silicon compounds, 5 - 2095 of toluene and 4 - 4595 of white spirit. Alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The patent notes that the additive improves the quality of gasoline and, in particular, reduces ETSP. The inconvenience of this method of changing the ETSP of motor fuel is that a large amount of additive is required, not less than 1595 of the volume of the mixture, and 7/0. The use of silicon compounds that form silicon dioxide during combustion leads to accelerated engine start-up.

Publication Mo09743356 describes a method of reducing the vapor pressure of a hydrocarbon-alcohol mixture by adding a hydrocarbon and alcohol co-solvent to the mixture. Also disclosed is a fuel composition for spark ignition, which includes a hydrocarbon component of C 5-Cv straight-chain or branched /5 alkanes, which do not contain olefins, aromatic compounds, benzene and sulfur, and in which the hydrocarbon component has a minimum anti-knock index of 65, according to AZTM-02699 and B2700, and a maximum ETSP of 15 psi according to ABTM B5191; fuel grade alcohol; and a cosolvent for the hydrocarbon component and the alcohol, which contains the components of the fuel composition in such an amount as to provide a motor fuel with a minimum antiknock ratio of 87 and a maximum ETSP of 15 psi. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (MTF) and other heterocyclic ethers such as biomass-derived pyrans and oxepanes were used as co-solvents, but MTHF was preferred.

The disadvantages of this method of changing the equivalent dry vapor pressure of mixtures of hydrocarbon liquid and ethanol are as follows: (1) It is necessary to use only Cn-Cn hydrocarbon components, which are straight-chain or branched alkanes, which (ii) do not contain such unsaturated compounds as olefins, benzene and aromatic substances , sch sov () do not contain sulfur and, as follows from the description of the invention, (its) hydrocarbon component is a condensate of coal or natural gas; (2) Only one separate class of oxygen-containing chemical compounds should be used as co-solvents for the hydrocarbon component and ethanol; namely, ethers, including short-chain and heterocyclic ethers; (3) It is necessary to use a large amount of ethanol in the fuel, at least 2590; (4) It is necessary to use a large amount of co-solvent, not less than 2095 methyltetrahydrofuran; and (5) When operating with such a fuel composition, it is necessary to modify the internal combustion engine with - spark ignition and, in particular, it is necessary to change the software of the on-board computer, or to replace this computer itself.

Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a method by which it would be possible to overcome the disadvantages of previous solutions to the problem. The main purpose of the invention is to provide a method of reducing the vapor pressure of a fuel mixture based on hydrocarbons from C3 to C0, which contains up to 2095 volumes of ethanol and is intended for ordinary gasoline engines, to a value not higher than the vapor pressure of the hydrocarbons from C3 to C3 themselves." , or to one that meets the requirements for gasoline fuel.

The above-mentioned problem of the present invention is solved by implementing the method described in the preamble to item 1 "

The formula of the invention, which consists in the fact that an oxygen-containing additive, which is at least one of the following compounds: alcohol /- with the exception of ethanol, ketone, ether, complex ether, hydroxyketone, complex ketone ether and oxygen-containing heterocyclic. compounds, used in the fuel mixture in an amount that is at least 0.0595 of the volume of the entire i? fuel mixture.

The authors of the invention discovered that certain types of compounds that have oxygen-containing groups surprisingly reduce the vapor pressure of the gasoline-ethanol mixture. -And This effect can be unexpectedly enhanced with the help of certain compounds of Ce-Sh hydrocarbons.

They also found that the octane number of the resulting hydrocarbon-based fuel mixture can be

Me. maintained at the same level, or even increased, by using the oxygen components of the present invention.

Ge) According to the presented method, in the entire fuel composition, ethanol of the fuel brand (B) can be up to approximately 2095 volumes. The used oxygen additives (c) can be obtained from renewable raw materials, and the used hydrocarbon component (a) can, for example, be ordinary gasoline (which does not need to be modified) and can optionally contain aromatic fractions and sulfur, as well as hydrocarbons , obtained from renewable raw materials.

By using the method proposed in the invention for ordinary internal combustion engines with spark ignition, fuels can be prepared that allow these engines to have the same maximum performance characteristics as when working on ordinary gasoline presented on the modern (F, market). By using the method proposed in the invention of the method can also achieve a reduction in the level of toxic substances in emissions and a reduction in fuel consumption.

Thanks to one of the aspects of the invention, in addition to controlling the equivalent dry vapor pressure (ETSP), if desired, it is possible to change the anti-knock coefficient (octane number)

There is another purpose, why additive mixtures of ethanol of fuel grade (B) and oxygen-containing additives (c), and not necessarily additional component (4), should be separate hydrocarbons of fraction C 5-C4o or their mixture - so that this additive mixture could later be used in the implementation of the method of the invention, that is, added as an additive to the hydrocarbon component (a). A mixture of (B) and (c), and, optionally, (4), may also 65 Be used by itself as a fuel for modified engines. The additive mixture can also be used to adjust the octane number and/or reduce the vapor pressure of the hydrocarbon component, which is characterized by a large value of this parameter.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, examples, and dependent claims.

A brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows the dependence of the equivalent pressure of dry steam (ETSP) on the content of ethanol in mixtures of ethanol and gasoline, represented by the prior art.

Figure 2 shows the behavior of equivalent dry steam pressure (ETSP) for the fuels of this invention shown in the figure, depending on the ethanol content. 70 Detailed description of the presented invention

The presented method allows the use of (a) fraction of hydrocarbons as a hydrocarbon component

C3-C4", including narrower ones in this wide range, without restrictions on the presence of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds and sulfur. In particular, the hydrocarbon component can be both ordinary gasoline currently on the market, and other hydrocarbon mixtures obtained during the distillation of oil, associated /5 Taz obtained during the chemical coking of coal, natural and synthetic gas. Hydrocarbons derived from renewable raw materials may also be included. Usually fractions C3-C4" are prepared by fractional distillation or by mixing different hydrocarbons.

It is important, as previously mentioned, that component (a) may contain aromatic compounds and sulfur, which are either co-products of the hydrocarbon component, or are naturally present in it.

According to the method presented in the present invention, it is possible to reduce ETSP for fuel mixtures containing up to 2095 volumes of ethanol, based on pure ethanol. According to the preferred implementation of the invention, the vapor pressure of the hydrocarbon of the main fuel mixture containing ethanol is reduced by 5095 from the value of the increase in vapor pressure caused by ethanol, preferably by 8095, and even more preferably, the vapor pressure of the fuel mixture based on the hydrocarbon with the content of ethanol is reduced to the value of the pressure vapor corresponding to the vapor pressure of the 2g5 Hydrocarbon component itself and/or vapor pressure according to any standard requirements for gasoline sold on the market.

As will be seen from the examples, if desired, the ETSP can be reduced to a value even lower than the pressure of the used hydrocarbon component.

According to the most preferred implementation of the invention, other properties of the fuel, such as, for example, the octane number, are kept within the necessary standard requirements.

This is done by adding to the motor fuel composition at least one oxygen-containing organic compound (c), which differs from ethanol. An organic compound containing ethanol allows Ge! to change the equivalent pressure of dry steam, the anti-knock coefficient and other performance characteristics of the motor fuel composition, as well as to reduce fuel consumption and reduce the amount of toxic substances in engine emissions. An oxygen-containing compound (c) has oxygen bound, at least in one of the following functional groups: stack sh I : : mk: shiya ssvyydiy che , c) zho shk Y sia eta Myh v E i y y

Iz» I g E h o : I y she she she pe Kasy l eh Es kalevu shchi iz n b- v -- Sho Shchi i sl Sh

In the armpits of my legs - Be eya z z sha ya She sov so t y r. in still sat tu her Bo 60 rn I ŽI ze v

Such functional groups, which are found, for example, in the following classes of organic compounds and can be used in the present invention, include: alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, hydroxy ketones, ketone esters and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds with rings containing oxygen. Because the fuel additive can be obtained from fossil raw materials or, preferably, from such renewable sources as biomass.

Oxygenated fuel additive (c) can usually be an alcohol, which is different from ethanol. In general, aliphatic or alicyclic alcohols are used, both saturated and unsaturated, mainly alkanols. More preferably, alkanols with the general formula K-OH are used, where K is an alkyl containing from C to 10 carbon atoms, most preferably from C to 8 carbon atoms, such as propanol, isopropanol, p-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol , p-pentanol, isopentanol, tert-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, diethylcarbinol, diisopropylcarbinol, 2-ethylhexanol, 2,4,4-trimethylpentanol, 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol, linalool, 3,6 -dimethyl-3-octanol, phenol, phenylmethanol, methylphenol, methylcyclohexanol or similar alcohols or their intermediates.

Component (c) can also be an aliphatic or alicyclic ketone, both saturated and unsaturated, with the general formula where K and K' are the same or different hydrocarbons С.4-Св, sno

K allsheya nen o. which can also be cyclic and are mostly C 4-C 4 hydrocarbons. Preferred ketones have from 4 to 9 carbon atoms and include methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 3-heptanone, 2-octanone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetophenone, trimethylcyclohexanone, or similar ketones or mixtures thereof. .

Component (c) may also be an aliphatic or alicyclic ether, including both saturated and unsaturated esters, with the general formula K-O-K, where K and EC" are the same or different and each is a hydrocarbon group (U

C1-C3o. In general, lower (C4--Cb5) dialkyl ethers are preferred. The total number of carbon atoms in the ether is preferably from b to 10. Typically, the following ethers can be used: methyl tertamyl ether, methyl isoamyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, dibutyl ether, diisobutyl ether, diisoamyl ether, anisole, methylanisole, phenetol, or similar ethers. and their mixtures. i am

Component (c) can also be an alicyclic ester, including a saturated and unsaturated ester with the general formula where K and Kk are the same or is (Ce)

M to i she ih- kh z ze damage i -sh- -

EeTEtneya WHAT IS Gen I "slya" different. K and K" are mostly hydrocarbon groups, preferably alkyl groups and most preferably C alkyl and phenyl, which have from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Especially preferred is a complex ether in which K is C.-C, and . КК - C ,.-Sve. Typical complex esters are complex esters of alkanoic acids, including p-butyl acetate, and? isobutyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, isobutyl propionate, isobutyl isobutyrate, p-amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl propionate, methyl benzoate, phenyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate or similar esters and their mixtures.

In general, it is better to use an ester with 5 to 8 carbon atoms. - Additive (c) can simultaneously contain two oxygen-containing groups connected to different carbon atoms of the same molecule.

Me, Additive (c) may be a hydroxyketone. A preferred hydroxyketone has the formula: se; shock and de KO iz ih ver for a s. Y eh sl Ah same : t ; zay ee and zketyatya dao - yes. uranium also iy, ,

Same 00 shi NI their yav 60 is hydrocarbyl, and K. is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl, preferably lower alkyl, i.e. (C.i-C/). In general, it is preferable to use a ketol having from 4 to b carbon atoms. Typical hydroxy ketones include: 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, or similar ketols, or mixtures thereof. 65 In yet another implementation of the invention, the fuel additive (c) is a ketone ester, preferably with the general formula:

; where K is hydrocarbyl, preferably lower alkyl, i.e. re re be b Maya U tk i i Pe vnu SV. and to her Z o to yah t as shi sr MKU same V N ZYh zu vn E dicta (C4-C4).

Typical complex ketone esters include: methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate and tert-butyl acetoacetate. Such complex ketone esters have mainly from 6 to 8 carbon atoms.

Additive (c) can also be a ring oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound and, preferably, the heterooxygen-containing heterocycle has a C/-Cv ring. Preferably, the heterocyclic additive has a total of 5 to 8 carbon atoms. This additive can preferably have the following formula (1) or (2): where K is a hydrocarbyl, and - Yak, diazhtse I B. V soya g i khe yin i : ke , that pl mya By. E J -y I she nen NI is ih Bo 7 I "oo I dn funkish y DE Z ryy

B, os Meringue ninya ne x sa i p: E shchi s x b

JE JE TE "Be Kai sk Bo

B koyu zhi g I RAK ki this zu -sr | Also: Ge) y No ZD y y a shir Byk Yan t ЧК de Есть ея « A Zast noya y siv SV. Жр я з паж EK Be yav v ; pa Ga Te sia IS: pav, y, etc

I I 5 (o) is mostly -CH», and Ku is -CH3, or -OH, or -СНоОН, or СНУСОСН»-. (Se)

A typical heterocyclic additive (c) is tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate, m-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, tetramethyltetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydropyran, 4-methyl-4-oxytetrahydropyran, or similar heterocyclic additives or mixtures thereof.

Component (c) may also be a mixture of any of the above-mentioned compounds from one or more of the above-mentioned different classes of compounds. Suitable ethanol (B) fuel grade for use in the present invention can be readily identified by one skilled in the art. A suitable example of the ethanol component is ethanol containing 99.595 c of the main substance. Any impurities included in the composition of ethanol in the amount of at least 0.595% of its volume and subject to the above definition of component (c) must be taken into account when determining the amount of component (c) used. That is, such impurities must be included in an amount of at least 0.595 in 15 ethanol to be considered as part of component (c). Any water, if present in the ethanol, should preferably be no more than about 0.2595 by volume of the total fuel mixture to meet the current fuel standard requirements for gasoline engines.

Ge) Thus, according to the invention, a co-denatured ethanol mixture supplied to the market and containing approximately 9295 ethanol, hydrocarbons and related products can also be used as an ethanol component of the fuel composition.

Unless otherwise specified, all amounts are given as volume percentages (95) of the total volume of the entire fuel sp composition.

Usually, ethanol is used in amounts from 0.195 to 2095, typically from about 195 to 2095 by volume, preferably from 395 to 1595 by volume, and more preferably from 595 to 1095 by volume. Additive (c) containing ethanol is used mainly in amounts from 0.0595 to 1595 by volume, more often - from 0.195 to 1595 by volume, preferably - from 395 to 1095 by volume, and most preferably - from 595 to 1095 by volume.

GF) In general, the total volume of ethanol (B) and working additive (c) containing oxygen is between 0.15

HF up to 2595 by volume, usually - from 0.5 to 2595 by volume, preferably - from 1 to 2095 by volume, more preferably - from 3 to 1595 by volume and most preferably - from 5 to 1595 by volume volume Therefore, the ratio of the amount of ethanol to the amount of oxygen-containing additive in the motor fuel composition is mainly in the range from 1:150 to 400:1, and preferably from 1:10 to 10:1.

The total oxygen content of the motor fuel composition based on ethanol and oxygen additive, expressed as a percentage by weight of oxygen (905 by weight) in relation to the total weight of the motor fuel composition, is preferably no more than about 795 by weight, and more preferably no more than about 595 by weight . In accordance with the preferred implementation of the invention, to obtain a fuel composition suitable for the operation of a conventional gasoline internal combustion engine with spark ignition, the above-mentioned hydrocarbon component, ethanol, and an additional oxygen-containing component are mixed to obtain the following properties of the resulting fuel composition: - density at 152C and normal atmospheric pressure not less than b9Okg/m3; - oxygen content, taking into account all oxygen-containing components, no more than 795 by weight in relation to the weight of the motor fuel composition; - the anti-knock coefficient (octane number) is not lower than the anti-knock coefficient (octane number) of the original hydrocarbon component and for 0.5(KOMAMOM) preferably not less than 80; - the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDPS) is substantially the same as the ETSP of the original hydrocarbon component and is preferably from 20 kPa to 120 kPa; - acid content no more than 0.195 wt. Us (compositions); - PH from 5 to 9; - the content of aromatic hydrocarbons is no more than 4095 by volume, including benzene, and for one benzene - no more than 195 by volume; 15 - the region of liquid evaporation at normal atmospheric pressure from the initial volume of the motor fuel composition: temperature of the beginning of boiling, type 2095; volume (at 702C, tip) of evaporated liquid 2595 vol.; volume (at 1002C, tip) of evaporated liquid 5095 vol.; 20 volume (at 1502C, tip) of liquid that evaporated 7595 vol.; volume (at 1902C, tip) of evaporated liquid 9595 vol.; residue after distillation, tach. 295 vol. temperature at the end of boiling, tach. 20595; - sulfur content no more than 5Omg/kg; c 25 - resin content no more than 2mg/10Oml; Go)

According to the preferred implementation of the method according to the invention, the hydrocarbon component and ethanol should be added together after adding to the mixture an additional oxygen-containing compound or compounds. After that, the resulting motor fuel composition should be maintained preferably at a temperature not lower than -35 9C for at least approximately one hour. A characteristic feature of the present invention is that the components of the motor fuel composition can be simply added to each other to form the desired composition. In general, it is not necessary to shake or do any other intensive mixing for the formation of the composition.

According to the preferred implementation of the invention, in order to obtain a motor fuel composition suitable for the operation of a conventional gasoline internal combustion engine with spark ignition and with a minimal harmful (Te) impact on the environment, it is desirable to use oxygenated component(s) that originate from 3o renewable raw materials . in

Alternatively, component (4) can be used to further reduce the vapor pressure of the fuel mixture of components (a), (b) and (c). A separate hydrocarbon selected from the fraction can be used as component (4).

Se-Sio of aliphatic or alicyclic saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Preferably, the hydrocarbon component (4) is selected from the Sve-C44 fraction. Suitable examples of (4) are benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, C isopropylbenzene, isopropyltoluene, diethylbenzene, isopropylxylene, tert-butylbenzene, tert-butyltoluene, c tert-butylxylene, cyclooctadiene, cyclooctatetraene, limonene, isooctane, isononane, isodecane, isooctene, myrcene, "from allocimene, tert-butylcyclohexane or other hydrocarbons or their mixtures.

The hydrocarbon component (4) can also be a fraction boiling at 100-20092С7 and obtained during the distillation of oil, coal tar or synthetic gas processing products. -1 15 As already mentioned, the invention also relates to a mixture for addition consisting of components (B), (c) and, optionally, also component (4), which can later be added to the hydrocarbon component (a), and also

Ge) can be used as fuel for a modified internal combustion engine with spark ignition. c The mixture for addition has a volume ratio of the amount of ethanol (B) and additives (c) preferably from 1:150 to 200:1. According to the preferred implementation of the mixture for addition, said mixture contains component (c) with a content of 50 g of oxygen in an amount from 0.5 to 99.595 by volume and ethanol (p) in an amount from 0.5 to 99.595 by volume, and component sp (4), containing at least one hydrocarbon Се-С41», preferably - hydrocarbon Св-С44 in an amount from 0 to 9995 by volume, preferably - from 095 to 9095, more preferably - from 0 to 79.595, and most preferably - from 5 to 7795 mixtures for addition. The mixture for addition has a volume ratio of the amount of ethanol (B) and the sum of the other components for addition (c) t (a) from 1:200 to 200:1, preferably - the ratio of the amount of ethanol (B) and the sum of the other 99 components for addition (c) - (4) from 1:10 to 10:1.

GF) The octane number of the mixture to be added may be determined, and this mixture used to change the octane 7 of component (a) to the desired value by adding the appropriate portion of mixture (B), (c), (a) to component (a). in | As examples of demonstrating the effectiveness of this invention, the following motor fuel compositions are presented, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but simply to illustrate some currently preferred implementations of the invention.

As will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, all of the fuel compositions of the following examples can usually be obtained by first preparing the mixture to add components (B) and (c), optionally (4), which can then be added to component (a), or vice versa. In this case, a certain amount of mixture may be required. because Examples

The following components (b), (c), and (4) were used for the preparation of mixed motor fuel: - fuel grade ethanol purchased in Sekkaba, Sweden, and in the USA, at AOM Sogr. apa UmPShatzvg; - oxygen-containing compounds, certain unsubstituted hydrocarbons and their mixtures, purchased in Germany from the Megsk company and in Russia from the Lukoil company. - Ligroin, which is gasoline directly obtained from petroleum, which contains aliphatic and alicyclic saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkylate, which is a hydrocarbon fraction consisting almost entirely of isoparaffinic hydrocarbons obtained by alkylating isobutene with butanol. Alkylbenzene, which is a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons obtained by alkylating benzene. Usually, alkylbenzene of technical grade 70 contains ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, butylbenzene and others.

All testing of starting gasolines and motor fuels with ethanol content, including those containing the components of this invention, was carried out using standard methods of AZTM

(Proceedings of the American Society for Materials Testing) at Laboratory 5055, Sweden, and at Azio

Kezeagesp I arogayugieev, Ips, USA.

Road testing was carried out on the Moimo 240 I of 1987 according to the standard test method

EC2000 MES 98/69.

Descriptions of the standard test Epgoreap 2000 (BO 2000) Mem Epgoreap Ogimipd Susie (MES) are identical to the standard ESH/ECE Tevi Oezsgiriop apa Ogimipd Susie (91/441 ЕЕС resp. ЕСЕ-К 83/01 apsi 93/116 ЕЕС). These standardized EU tests include urban driving cycles and extra-urban driving cycles, and require the performance of 2o special emission controls. Emissions analysis is carried out through a continuous sampling procedure and uses a flame ionization detector to determine hydrocarbons. Ekhnaivi EEtivzviop Oigesime 91/441 EEC (Rpaze I) provides specific standards for SO, (NS o i- MO) and (RM), and BYU Rye!i Sopzytriip Oigesime 93/116 EEC (1996) provides standards for expenses.

The testing was carried out on a 1987 Moimo 240 I with a 2.32-liter, 4-cylinder engine of the sch ov V2ZOR (Mo G4G20-87), which develops a power of 83 kW at 90 revolutions per second and a torque of 185

Nm at 46 revolutions per second. at

Example 1

Example 1 demonstrates the possibility of reducing the equivalent dry vapor pressure for motor fuel with ethanol content in cases where gasoline with an equivalent dry vapor pressure according to ABTM 0-5191 at the level of 90 kPa (approximately 13 rv) is used as a hydrocarbon base.

Winter gasolines A92, A95 and A98, which are now sold on the market and can be bought in Sweden from the companies 5pNei, Gai, O8OK and Rgeet, were used to prepare mixtures of this composition. Ge")

Fig. 1 shows the behavior of ETSP motor composition based on winter gasoline A95 with ethanol content.

Motor fuels based on winter gasoline AZU2 and AZOV with ethanol content, used in this example, and 3z5 show similar behavior. rch-

The starting gasoline contains aliphatic and alicyclic C.-C.o hydrocarbons, including both saturated and unsaturated ones.

The A92 winter gasoline used had the following characteristics:

ETSP - 89.0 kPa «

The anti-knock coefficient is O.5 (KOM i- MOM)-87.7 (KOM - goava osiape pitrbeg - trace octane number)

Fuel 1-1 (not according to the invention) contained winter gasoline A92 and ethanol, and had the following properties for different ethanol contents: c A92: Ethanol - 95:595 by volume "» ETSP - 94.4 kPa O,B (KOM eggs - IOM) - 89.1

A92: Ethanol - 90: 1095 by volume

ETSP -94.0 KPA 0.B(KOM i-MOM) - 90.2 -I The following different implementations of fuels 1-2 and 1-3 demonstrate the possibility of regulating the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDSP) of motor fuel with ethanol content based on winter gasoline A92.

Fuel 1-2 according to the invention contained winter gasoline AZ2 (a), ethanol (B), oxygen-containing additives (c) and had the following characteristics for different compositions:

A92: Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate -88.5: 4.5: 795 by volume e ETSP- 89.0 kPa sl O.5B(KOM i- MOM) - 89.9

AZ92: Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate - 88: 5: 7905 by volume

ETSP - 88.6 kPa

O.5 (KOM - MOM) - 89.0

A92: Ethanol: Diacetone alcohol - 88.5: 4.5: 795 by volume ETSP - 89.0 kRa and) O.5B(KOM - MOM) - 89.65 ko A92: Ethanol: Ethylacetoacetate - 90.5 : 2.5: 795 volumes of ETSP -89.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 87.8 in A92 : Ethanol: Isoamylpropionate -87.5: 5.5: 795 from the volume of ETSP -88.7 kPa 0.5 (KOM i - MOM) -90, 4

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of the ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for winter gasoline is 90 kPa. 65 A92 : Ethanol: Z-Heptanone -85: 7.5: 7.595 by volume ETSP -90.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM i- MOM) - 89.9

A92: Ethanol: 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol - 85: 8.5: 6.595 by volume

ETSP - 90.0 kPa

O,B (KOM n- MOM) - 90.3

A92: Ethanol: Diisobutyl ketone - 85: 7.5: 7.595 by volume ETSP -90.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.25

Fuel 1-3 according to the invention contained winter gasoline A92 (a), ethanol (B), oxygen-containing additives (c), hydrocarbons

Se-C.2 (4) and had the following characteristics for different compositions:

AZ92 : Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Alkylate - 79:9:2 : 1095 by volume 70 Boiling temperature of alkylate 100-130

ETSP -88.5 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.25

AZ92: Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate: Ligroin -80:5: 5: 1095 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP - 88.7 kPa o,B (KOM i- MOM)-88.6

AZ92 : Ethanol: Tert-butanol: Ligroin -81:5: 5: 9965 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP -87.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 89.6

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of the ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for winter gasoline is 90 kPa. Ge

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Benzene: Ethylbenzene: Diethylbenzene - 82.5:9.5:0.5:05: 3: 495 from the volume of OMRE -90 kPa

О,Б(КОМ и-МОМ)-91.0

A92: Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate: Toluene -82.5:9.5: 0.5: 7.595 by volume

OMRE - 90 kPa yuyu o,B(KOM - MOM) -90.8

A92: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isoamyl alcohol: t-xylene - 82.5:9.2:0.2:0.6: 7.595 by volume t

OMRE -90 kPa Ge)

O,B (KOM i- MOM) -90.9

The following motor fuel compositions from 1-5 to 1-6 demonstrate the possibility of adjusting the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDPS) of motor fuel with ethanol content based on A9B8 winter gasoline. uh-

A92 winter gasoline had the following parameters:

ETSP -89.5 kPa

The coefficient of anti-detonation O.5B (KOM and MOM) - 92.35 "

Fuel for comparison 1-4 contained winter gasoline A9O8, ethanol and had the following properties for 70 different compositions: IOM) - 92.85

AZOV: Ethanol - 90: 1095 from the volume of ETSP -94.5 kPa

О,Б(КОМ и-МОМ) - 93.1 -i Fuel 1-5 contained winter gasoline A9Z8 (a), ethanol (B), oxygen-containing additives (c) and had the following properties b" for different compositions:

A9B : Ethanol: Isobutanol -84 :9 : 795 volume of ETSP -88.5 kPa (se) o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -93.0 1" 50 A9ZB8 : Ethanol: Tert-butyl acetate - 84: 9: 795 from the volume of ETSP - 89.5 kPa

О,Б(КОМ и-МОМ) -93.3 sl A9B : Ethanol: Benzyl alcohol - 85: 7.5: 7.595 volume ETSP - 89.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.0

A9B : Ethanol: Cyclohexanone -85: 7.5: 7.595 by volume ETSP -88.0 kPa

O, B (KOM and MOM) - 92, 9

A9B: Ethanol: Diethyl ketone - 85: 7.5: 7.595 by volume ETSP - 89.0 kPa

IF) О,Б(КОМ и- MOM) - 92.85 ko A9ZV8: Ethanol: Methylpropyl ketone - 85: 7.5: 7.595 from the volume of ETSP -89.5 kPa

О,Б(КОМ и- MOM) -93.0 60 A9B: Ethanol: Methylisobutyl ketone - 85: 7.5: 7.595 from the volume of ETSP - 89.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 92.65

A9B: Ethanol: Z-heptanone -85: 7.5: 7.595 by volume ETSP - 89.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 92.0

The following motor fuel compositions below demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the 65 excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which has arisen due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for winter gasoline is 90 kPa.

A9ZB8: Ethanol: Methylisobutyl ketone - 85: 8: 7905 by volume

ETSP -90.0 kPa

O,B (KOM i- MOM) -92.7

A9B: Ethanol: Cyclohexanone -85 : 8.5: 6.595 by volume ETSP -90.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 93.0

A9B8: Ethanol: Methylphenol - 85: 8: 795 by volume ETSP -90.0 kPa

О,Б(КОМ и-МОМ) - 93.05 70 Fuel 1-6 contained winter gasoline A9Z8 (a), ethanol (B), oxygen-containing additives (c), Se-C42 hydrocarbons (4) and had the following characteristics for different compositions:

A9B : Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol : Isooctane - 80:5:5:1095 from the volume of ETSP -82.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.2

A9B: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: t-Isopropyl toluene - 78.2:6.1:6.1:9.695 by volume of ETSP - 81.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.8

A9ZB8: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Ligroin - 80:5:5:10905 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20026.

ETSP -82.5 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 92.35

А9ЗВ8 : Ethanol : Isobutanol : Ligroine : t-isopropyl toluene - 80:5:5:5:5905 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20096.

ETSP -82.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.25

АЗ9ЗВ8 : Ethanol : Tert-butyl acetate : Ligroin- 83:5: 5: 795 by volume with

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP -82.1 kPa o

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 92.5

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of the ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, IC o) is enough to bring it into line with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for winter gasoline is 90 kPa. WITH

A9B: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isooctane - 85:5:5:595 by volume (He)

ETSP -90.0 kPa

O.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 93.3 i-o

A9B: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Ligroin - 85:55: 5: 595 by volume -

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP -90.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.0 "

A9B: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isopropylxylene -85:9.5: 0.5: 595 by volume

ETSP - 90 kPa shi s O,B(KOM i-MOM) - 93.1 i The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it may be necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, below the level of ETSP of the original gasoline. Usually, this is necessary when the ETSP of the source gasoline is higher than the value of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. Thus, for example, it is possible to convert winter-type gasoline into summer-type gasoline. The ETSP level for summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

AZOV: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isooctane: Ligroin -60:9.5:0.5: 15: 1595 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20096. with ETSP -70 kPa drive 50 O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 92.85

A9B: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Alkylate: Ligroin -60:9.5:0.5: 15: 1595 by volume sl The boiling point of ligroin is 100-20026.

Alkylate boiling point 100-13096.

ETSP -70 kPa

O,B (PTO - MOM) - 92.6

ГФ) АЗ9ЗВ8: Ethanol: Tert-butyl acetate: Ligroin-60:9: 3: 2890 by volume;

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20026. o ETSP -70 kPa

О.5Б(КОМ - МОМ) - 91.4 60 The following fuels 1-8, 1-9 and 1-10 demonstrate the possibility of regulating the equivalent dry vapor pressure (ETSP) of motor fuel with ethanol content based on A95 winter gasoline.

A95 winter gasoline had the following parameters:

ETSP - 89.5 kPa

The coefficient of anti-knock О,Б(КОМ - МОМ) - 90.1 bo Verification according to the standard test method EO 2000 KEBS EC 98/69, as described above, gave the following results:

CO (carbon monoxide) 2.1 Zg/km;

NS (hydrocarbons) O.280g/km;

MO, (nitrogen oxides) O.265g/km;

CO" (carbon dioxide) 227.Og/km; nmMvv' 0.276g/km; 70 Fuel consumption, ES 1/100Okm 9.84 x non-methane hydrocarbons.

Fuel for comparison 1-7 contained winter gasoline A9O5, ethanol and had the following properties for different compositions:

A95: Ethanol - 95: 595 by volume

ETSP -94.9 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -91.6

A95: Ethanol - 90: 1095 by volume (hereinafter referred to as KEM1)

ETSP -94.5 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -92.4

The test of the comparative fuel mixture (KEM1) showed the following results in comparison with winter gasoline A95: со -15.096; not -7.395; re MO, zh15.595; see

CO t2.Aor; about nNMVV" -0.595;

Fuel consumption, Er, I/ 10 Okta.790 yu

The sign "-" represents a decrease in emissions, and "I" represents an increase in emissions.

Fuel 1-8 according to the invention contained winter gasoline A95 (a), ethanol (B), oxygen-containing additives (c), and had the same characteristics for different compositions: Fu

A95: Ethanol: Diisoamyl ether - 86: 8: 690 by volume

ETSP -87.5 kPa (Ce)

O, B (KOM - MOM) - 90, b M

A95: Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate - 88: 5: 795 by volume ETSP -87.5 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 91.85

A95: Ethanol: Isoamylpropionate - 88: 5: 795 by volume ETSP - 87.0 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 91.35 « 20 A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl acetate - 88: 5: 795 by volume ETSP - 87.5 kPa w-in o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 91.25 s A95: Ethanol: 2-octanone - 88: 5: 795 by volume ETSP - 87.0 kPa :z» 0, 5 (COM - MOM) - 90.5

A9Z5: Ethanol: Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol - 88: 5: 795 by volume of ETSP -87.5 kPa 415 o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 90.6 -1 The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce excess ETSP of motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases (22), it is sufficient to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for so winter gasoline is 90 kPa.

A95: Ethanol: Diisoamyl ether - 87: 9: 4965 by volume t» ETSP -90.0 kPa sl o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -91.0

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl acetate - 88: 7: 595 by volume

ETSP -90.0 kPa o, 5B (KOM - MOM) - 91.3

A95: Ethanol: Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol - 88: 7: 595 by volume

F) ETSP -90.0 kPa h o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -90.8

Fuel 1-9 contained winter gasoline A95 (a), ethanol (B), oxygen-containing additives (c), Se-C42 hydrocarbons (4) and br There were the following characteristics for different compositions:

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Alkylate - 83.7:5:2: 9.395 by volume

Alkylate boiling point 100-130 ETSP - 88.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 91.65

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Ligroin - 83.7:5:2: 9.395 by volume v5 Boiling temperature of ligroin 100-2002С ETSP - 88.5 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 90.8

A95: Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate: Alkylate - 81:5:5:995 by volume

Alkylate boiling point 1000-1302 ETSP - 87.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -92.0

A95: Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate: Ligroin -81:5: 5: 9965 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP - 87.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -91.1

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP 70 of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for winter gasoline is 90 kPa.

A9U5: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Xylene -80: 9.5: 0.5: 1095 by volume

ETSP -90.0 kPa

O,B (KOM i- MOM) -92.1

A95: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Ligroin -80:92:0.2:0.6: 1095 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP -90.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 91.0

A95: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Ligroin: Alquiaie -80:9.2:0.2:0.6:5: 595 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20096.

Alkylate boiling point 100-13096.

ETSP -90.0 kPa

O,B (KOM i- MOM) -91.6 p

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it may be necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, due to the presence of ethanol, below the level of the ETSP of the original gasoline. Usually, this is necessary when the ETSP of the source gasoline is higher than the value of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. Thus, for example, it is possible to convert winter-type gasoline into summer-type gasoline. The ETSP level for summer gasoline is 70 kPa. is)

A95: Ethanol : Isobutanol : Isoamyl alcohol : Ligroin : Isooctane -60:92:0.2:0.6: 15 and 1595 from the volume "t

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20026.

ETSP -70.0 kPa Me

O,B (KOM - IOM)-91.8 "o

A95: Ethanol : Tert-butyl acetate : Ligroin -60:9: 1: 3095 by volume

З Boiling temperature of ligroin 100-20026. in.

ETSP -70.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -90.4

Fuel 1-10 contains 7595 by volume of A9B5 gasoline, 9.695 by volume of ethanol, 0.495 by volume of isobutyl alcohol, 4.595 by volume of t-isopropyltoluene and 10.5195; from the volume of liquefied petroleum gas with a boiling point of 100-2002С. The formula of this fuel demonstrates the possibility of reducing ETSP, increasing the octane number, reducing the level of toxic substances in emissions and reducing fuel consumption in comparison with the reference fuel

With" mixture (KEMT1). The motor fuel composition has the following properties: density at 152C according to AZTM O 4052 749.2 kg/m3; temperature of the beginning of boiling according to ATM О 86 299С; 45 . , -1 evaporated part - 702 47.695 of the volume; evaporated part - 1002 55.695 of the volume; (22) evaporated part - 1502С 84.295 by volume;

Ge) evaporated part - 1802С 97.595 by volume; boiling point temperature 194.92; e evaporation sediment 1.395 by volume; sl evaporation loss 1.695 of the volume; oxygen content according to AZTM 04815 3.790 wt.; acidity in accordance with AZTM 01613 vagovido NAs 0.004; pH according to ATM 01287 6.6; sulfur content according to ABTM O 5453 18mg/kg; o resin content according to AZTM 0381 1mg/10Oml; water content according to AZTM 06304 0.0395 wt.; aromatic substances according to 55 155120, including benzene 30.295 by volume; of one benzene according to EM 238 0.795 by volume;

ETSP according to ATM O 5191 89.0 kPa; anti-detonation coefficient O.5 (KOM and MOM) according to AZTM O 2699-86 and ATM O 2700-86 - 92.6

Motor fuel formula 1-10 was tested according to the standard test method EO 2000 MES EC 98/69, and 65 compared to winter gasoline A95, the following results were obtained:

so -2196; not -996;

MOX 12895;

CO" 23895; nMvv at -6.495;

Fuel consumption, Ro 1/100km 32905.

Fuel formulations from 1-1 to 1-10 showed a reduction in ETSP for all 7/0 ethanol fuels tested based on summer gasoline. Similar results were obtained when for examples 1-1 to 1-10 other compounds of the present invention were used as oxygen-containing additives.

To prepare the fuel compositions of this motor fuel composition from 1-14 to 1-10, gasoline was first mixed with ethanol and the appropriate oxygen-containing additive was added to this mixture. Then, the resulting motor fuel composition was allowed to stand for 1 to 24 hours before testing at a temperature not lower than -35 26. 75 All previous fuel compositions were prepared without using any mixing devices.

It was established the possibility of using an additive mixture consisting of an oxygen-containing additive other than ethanol (c) and ethanol (b) for conventional gasoline internal combustion engines with spark ignition for the preparation of motor fuels that contain ethanol and that meet the standard requirements for gasoline, both in terms of vapor pressure and its anti-knock stability.

The following compositions demonstrate this possibility.

The mixture, containing 5095 ethanol and 5095 isoamyl alcohol, was mixed in different proportions with gasolines of the winter brand, which have an equivalent dry vapor pressure (ETSP) of no more than 90 kPa. All the resulting mixtures had

ETSP is not higher than that required by the rules for winter gasoline, namely - 90 kPa.

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol -87: 6.5: 6.595 by volume of He

ETSP - 89.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 90.15 o

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 86: 7.0: 7.095 by volume

ETSP -89.3 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 92.5 yu

A9B: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 85: 7.5: 7.595 by volume

ETSP - 86.5 kPa t

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 92.9 Ge")

Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the equivalent pressure of dry vapor (ETSP) on the content of ethanol when mixing with a mixture for additives 2 containing 33.395 ethanol and 66.795 tert-pentanol with winter gasoline A95. It can be seen from Fig. 2 i-th that the change in the ethanol content in gasoline from 0 to 1195 does not lead to an increase in the vapor pressure in these fuel compositions above the requirements of the standards for ETSP gasoline of the winter brand, which is 90 kPa.

Similar ETSP behavior was observed when mixing winter gasoline A9Z8 and A92 with a mixture for additives containing 33.395 volumes of ethanol and 66.79 volumes of tert-pentanol. "

The effect of reducing the vapor pressure for gasoline with ethanol content was also observed when the ethanol content in the resulting composition increased from OO to 1195 vol., when part of the oxygen-containing additive was replaced by - with Se-C1" hydrocarbons (component (4)). The following compositions demonstrate the effect achieved by this invention. ,» Additive consisting of 4095 volumes of ethanol, 1095 volumes of isobutanol and 5095 volumes of isopropyltoluene was mixed with winter gasoline having an ETSP not higher than 90 kPa. Different obtained compositions had the following properties: - I A92: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isopropyltoluene - 85:6:1.5:7.595 by volume

ETSP - 84.9 kPa

Ф 0.5 (KOM и- MOM) - 93.9 (Се) A95: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isopropyltoluene - 80:8:2:1095 by volume

ETSP - 84.0 kPa t O,B(KOM i- MOM) -94.1 sp AZ9ZV8 : Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isopropyltoluene - 86:5.6:1.4:7905 by volume

ETSP - 85.5 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 93.8

Similar results were obtained when other oxygen-containing compounds were used for the preparation of additives, as well as Se-C4o hydrocarbons according to this invention in the ratios of the present invention. These gasolines are completely

IF) meet the requirements for motor fuels used in conventional engines with spark ignition. name) EXAMPLE 2

Example 2 demonstrates the possibility of reducing the equivalent dry vapor pressure of motor fuel with an ethanol content for cases when gasoline with an equivalent dry vapor pressure according to AZTM 0O-5191 at the level of 70 kPa (approximately 10 rzi) is used as a hydrocarbon base.

For the preparation of mixtures of this composition, summer gasolines A92, A95 and AZ98, which are currently on the market and can be purchased at the companies ZpPei, ia, O8OK, apa Rgeet, were used.

The starting gasoline contained aliphatic and alicyclic C.-C.4" hydrocarbons, including saturated and unsaturated. 65 Fig. 1 illustrates the behavior of ETSP motor fuel with ethanol content based on summer gasoline A95. Motor fuels with ethanol content based on winter gasoline AZ2 and AZ98, respectively, show similar behavior.

The following fuels 2-2 and 2-3 demonstrate the possibility of adjusting the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDP) of motor fuel with an ethanol content based on A92 summer gasoline.

Summer gasoline A92 had the following properties:

ETSP - 70.0 kPa

The coefficient of anti-detonation is O.5 (KOM and - MOM)-87.5

Comparative fuel 2-1 contained summer gasoline A92 and ethanol and had the following properties for different compositions:

A92: Ethanol - 95: 55 volume ETSP -77.0 kPa

O.5(KOM i-MOM) - 89.3 70 A92 : Ethanol - 90: 1095 by volume

ETSP - 76.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -90.5

Fuel 2-2 contained summer gasoline A9ZU2 (a), ethanol (B), oxygen-containing additives (c) and had the following properties for different compositions:

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol -85: 6.5: 6.595 by volume

ETSP - 69.8 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 90.3

AZ92: Ethanol: Isobutanol - 80: 10: 1095 by volume

ETSP -67.5 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 90.8

A92: Ethanol: Diethylcarbinol -85: 6.5: 6.595 by volume

ETSP - 69.6 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 90.5

A92: Ethanol: Diisobutyl ketone - 85.5: 7.5: 795 by volume

ETSP - 69.0 kPa

O.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.0 and)

AZ92: Ethanol: Diisobutyl ether - 85: 8: 7905 by volume

ETSP -68.9 kPa

О,Б(КОМ и-МОМ) -90.1 ю зо АЗ92 : Ethanol: Di-p-butyl complex ether - 85: 8: 795 by volume

ETSP -68.5 kPa in

O.5B (KOM i- MOM) - 88.5 b

AZ92: Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate - 88: 5: 7905 by volume

ETSP -69.5 kPa ke,

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 89.5 cha

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of the ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it in line with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for summer gasoline is 70 kPa. "

A92: Ethanol: Isobutanol - 87.5: 10: 7.595 by volume with ETSP - 70.0 kPa

And O,B(KOM - MOM) -90.6 and? AZ92: Ethanol: Di-p-butyl ether - 85: 9: 695905 by volume

ETSP -70.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 89.2 - I AZ92: Ethanol: Diisobutyl ketone - 85: 8: 79090 by volume

ETSP - 70.0 kPa

Me. 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 90.4

Ge) Fuel 2-3 contained summer gasoline A9a2 (a), ethanol (B), additives (c) with oxygen content, hydrocarbons Se-C42 (4) and 5p had the following properties for different compositions: п A92: Ethanol: Methyl ethyl ketone : Isooctane -80:9.5: 0.5: 1095 by volume with ETSP -69.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 91.0

A92: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isooctane - 80:9.5:0.5:10 95 from the volume of 5B ETSP - 69.0 kPa

О,Б(КОМ - МОМ) -91.1 (Ф) А92 : Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isononane - 80:9.5:0.5:1095 by volume and ETSP -68.8 kPa

О,Б(КОМ и-MOM) -91.0 in A92 : Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isodecane - 80:9.5:0.5:1095 by volume

ETSP -68.5 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 90.8

A92 : Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isooctene - 80:9.5:0.5:1095 by volume

ETSP - 68.9 kPa 65 O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 91.2

A92: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Toluene - 80:9.5:0.5:1095 by volume

ETSP - 68.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -91.4

AZ92: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Ligroin - 80:9.5:0.5:1095 by volume Boiling temperature of ligroin 100-2002С

ETSP -67.5 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 90.4

AZ9Z2 "Ethanol: Isobutanol: Ligroin: Toluene - 80:9.5:0.5:5:590 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP -67.5 kPa 70 O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 90.9

AZ2: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Ligroin: Isopropyltoluene -80: 9.5: 0.5: 5: 595 by volume Boiling temperature of ligroin 1000-2002 ETSP -67.5 kPa

O.5B (KOM i- MOM) -91.2

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP 75 of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A92: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isodecane - 82.5:9.5: 0.5: 7.595 by volume

ETSP - 70.0 kPa

O, B (KOM i- MY) - 90.85

A92 : Ethanol: Isobutanol: Tert-butylbenzene - 82.5:9.5: 0.5: 7.595 by volume

ETSP -70.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 91.5 Ge!

AZ92: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Ligroin: Tert-butyltoluene -82.5:92:02:0.6:5: 2.590 by volume

ETSP - 70.0 kPa

O,B (KOM i- MOM) - 91.1

The following fuels 2-5 and 2-6 demonstrate the possibility of adjusting the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDP) of motor fuel with ethanol content based on AZV8 summer gasoline.

Summer gasoline A98 had the following parameters: ETSP - 69.5 kPa Z

The coefficient of anti-detonation is 0.5 (KOM and - MOM) - 92.5 (Ge)

Comparative fuel 2-4 contained summer gasoline A9ZV8 and ethanol, and had the following properties for different compositions:

A9B: Ethanol - 95: 595 by volume

ETSP - 76.5 kPa -

O.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 93.3

A9B: Ethanol - 90: 1095 by volume

ETSP -76.0 kPa « 0.B(KOM i- MOM) -93.7

Fuel 2-5 contained AZOV summer gasoline (a), ethanol (p), additives (c) with oxygen content and had the following - c properties for different compositions: а А9В: Ethanol: Isobutanol -85: 7.5: 7.595 by volume ETSP -69.5 kPa "» O.5B (KOM i- MOM) - 93.5

A9B: Ethanol: Diisobutyl ketone - 83: 9.5: 7.595 by volume

ETSP - 69.0 kPa - and O,B(KOM - MOM) - 93.9 b» A9ZV8 : Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate - 88: 5: 7905 by volume

ETSP - 69.5 kPa se) O,B(KOM - MOM) - 93.4 iz 50 The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A9B8: Ethanol: Isobutanol - 85: 8: 795 by volume of ETSP - 70.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.7

A9B: Ethanol: Tert-pentanol - 90: 5: 595 by volume of ETSP - 70.0 kPa o O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.8 ime) Fuel 2-6 contained summer gasoline A9B8 (a), ethanol (B), oxygen-containing additives (c), Se-C42 hydrocarbons (4) and had the following characteristics for different compositions: 60 A9B: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isooctane -80:9.5: 0.5: 1095 from vol. 'emu

ETSP - 69.0 kPa

O,B (KOM i- MOM) -93.7

A9ZB8: Ethanol: Isopropanol: Alkylbenzene - 80:5: 5: 10965 by volume

ETSP - 68.5 kPa 65 O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 94.0

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of the ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it in line with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A9B : Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isooctane - 81.5:9.5:0.5:8.595 by volume

ETSP - 70.0 kPa o, 5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.5

А9ЗВ8 : Ethanol: Tert-butanol: Limonene - 86:77 :4 : 4965 by volume

ETSP - 70.0 kPa 70 o, 5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.6

The following fuels 2-8 and 2-10 demonstrate the possibility of adjusting the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDP) of motor fuel with an ethanol content based on summer gasoline A95. Summer gasoline A95 had the following parameters:

ETSP -68.5 kPa

The coefficient of anti-detonation is O.5 (KOM and - MOM)-89.8

The testing carried out as above showed the following results for summer gasoline A95:

CO (carbon monoxide) 2.198g/km;

NS (hydrocarbons) O.245g/km;

MO, (nitrogen oxides) O.252g/km;

CO" (carbon dioxide) 230.Og/km; nmMvv' O.238g/km;

Fuel consumption, ES 1/100km 9.95 7 Non-methane hydrocarbons. with

Comparative fuel 2-7 contained summer gasoline A9B5, ethanol, and had the following properties for different compositions:

A95: Ethanol - 9595 : 595 by volume (8)

ETSP - 75.5 kPa o, 5B (KOM - MOM) - 90.9

A95: Ethanol - 9095 : 1095 by volume (further on, this mixture is also referred to as KEM2) by ETSP -75.0 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 92.25 "

Testing of the comparative fuel mixture (KEM2) showed the following results in comparison with summer gasoline A95: (Ce) со -9.196; not -A, Bor; -

MOH 7.396;

SO A Or;

НМ" -4 496; « - s Fuel consumption, ES, 1/100km'-3.69o "- represents a decrease in emissions, and "4" represents an increase in emissions. :z» Comparative fuel 2-8 contained summer gasoline A95, additives with oxygen content and had the following properties for different compositions:

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 85: 7.5: 7.595 by volume - I ETSP -68.5 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -92.2

Me A95 : Ethanol : Diisoamyl ether - 86: 8: 6905 by volume ETSP - 66.5 kPa o o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -90.2

A95: Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate - 88: 5: 790 by volume ETSP - 67.0 kPa ve o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 92.0 s A9Z5: Ethanol: Tert-butanol - 88: 5: 795 vol. to him ETSP -68.4 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -92.6

A95: Ethanol : Tert-pentanol - 90: 5: 595 volume ETSP -68.5 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 92.2

A95: Ethanol : Isopropanol - 80: 10 : 1095 by volume ETSP -68.5 kPa (F) O,B(KOM - MOM) -92.8 ko A95: Ethanol : 4-methyl-2-pentanol - 85 : 8: 795 by volume ETSP -66.0 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 91.0 60 A95: Ethanol : Diethyl ketone - 85: 8: 795 by volume ETSP -68.0 kPa o, 5B (KOM - MOM) -92.2

A95: Ethanol : Trimethylcyclohexanone - 85: 8: 795 by volume ETSP -67.0 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -91.8

A9Z5: Ethanol : Methyltertamil ether - 80: 8 : 1295 by volume 65 ETSP -68.0 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -93.8

A9Z5: Ethanol : p-butyl acetate -87 : 6.5: 6.595 from the volume of ETSP -68.0 kPa

O,B (KOM i- MOM) -90.1

A95 : Ethanol : Isobutyl isobutyrate - 90: 5: 595 by volume ETSP -68.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -90.0

A9Z5: Ethanol : Methylacetoacetate - 85: 7 : 895 volume ETSP -68.5 kPa

O.5B (KOM i- MOM) - 89.9

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of the ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, 7/0 is enough to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the gasoline in question. The ETSP level for summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A95: Ethanol : 4-methyl-2-pentanol - 85: 10: 595 by volume

ETSP -70.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 91.6

A95 : Ethanol : Isobutylisobutyrate - 90: 6 : 495 by volume

ETSP -70.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 90.5

Fuel 2-9 contained summer gasoline A95 (a), ethanol (B), oxygen-containing additives (c), Se-C42 hydrocarbons (4) and had the following characteristics for different compositions:

A95: Ethanol: Tert-pentanol: Alkylbenzene - 80: 7: 4: 995 by volume of ETSP -67.5 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.6

A95: Ethanol: Tert-butanol: Alkylbenzene - 80: 7:4: 995 by volume of ETSP -68.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -93.8

A95: Ethanol: Propanol: Xylene - 80: 9.5: 0.5: 1095 from the volume of ETSP -68.0 kPa s

O,B (KOM i- MOM) -93.1

A95: Ethanol : Diethyl ketone : Xylene -80:9.5: 0.5: 1095 from the volume of ETSP -68.0 kPa o

O.5B (KOM i- MOM) -93.2

A95: Ethanol : Isobutanol : Ligroin : Isopropyltoluene -80:9.5:0.5: 5: 595 by volume

The boiling point of ligroin is 100-1709C

ETSP -68.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -92.4 Z

A95: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Ligroin: Alkylate -80:9.5:0.5: 5: 595 by volume He»)

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-1709C

The boiling point of the alkylate is 100-1302C

ETSP -68.5 kPa -

O,B (KOM - MOM) -92.2

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of the ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for summer gasoline is 70 kPa. - with A95: Ethanol : Isobutanol : Isoamyl alcohol : Xylene - 82.5:9.2:0.2:0.6: 7.595 by volume c ETSP - 70.0 kPa "» 0.5 (KOM i- IOM) - 93.0

A95: Ethanol : Isobutanol : Isoamyl alcohol:

Cyclooctadiene - 82.5:9.2:0.2: 0.6: 7.595 by volume - and ETSP -70.0 kPa b» О,Б(KOM и- MOM) -92.1

Fuel 2-10 consisted of 81.595 volumes of AZ95 summer gasoline, 8.595 volumes of t-isopropyltoluene, 9.295 (se) volumes of ethanol and 0.895 volumes of isoamyl alcohol. Fuel composition 2-10 was tested to demonstrate how the composition of the invention maintains the equivalent dry vapor pressure at the same level as the original gasoline, while increasing the octane number, reducing the level of harmful substances in emissions and reducing fuel consumption compared to the KEM mixture 2 gasoline and ethanol. Composition 2-10 had the following characteristic properties: density at 152C, according to ATM 04052 754, 1kg/m3; temperature of the beginning of boiling, according to ATM О 8626.69С; 22 evaporated part - 7092 45.295 by volume;

GF) evaporated part - 1002 56.495 of the volume; evaporated part - 1502 88.895 of the volume; o evaporated part - 1802C 97.695 by volume; at the temperature of the end of boiling 186.32; evaporation residue 1.695 by volume; evaporation loss 0.195 of the volume; oxygen content according to AZTM 04815 3.5690o by weight, acidity according to ATM 01613 weight type NAs 0.007; b pH according to ATM 01287 8.9; sulfur content according to ABTM O 5453 16bmg/kg;

resin content according to ATM 0381 "1mg/100ml; water content according to AZTM 06304 0.1296 wt.; aromatic substances according to 55 155120, including benzene 30.395 by volume; of one benzene according to EM 238 0.895 by volume;

ETSP according to ATM O 5191 68.5 kPa; anti-detonation coefficient O.5 (KOM and MOM) according to ATM O 2699-86 and ATM O 2700-86 92.7

Motor fuel of composition 2-10 was checked as above, according to the test method EO 2000 MES EC 98/69 and obtained the following results in comparison with the results, (k) or (-)9o, for the original summer gasoline A95: со -0.1896 not -8.59;

MOH 5.396;

Со5 2,890; nMvv -995;

Fuel consumption, ES, 1/100km 3,195

Fuel formulations from 2-1 to 2-10 showed a reduced ETSP for the tested ethanol-based motor fuels based on summer gasoline. Similar results were obtained when the additives of examples 2-1 to 2-10 were replaced by other oxygen-containing additives according to the invention.

To prepare all previous compositions of this fuel composition from 2-1 to 2-10, gasoline was first mixed with ethanol, and then the appropriate oxygen-containing additive was added to this mixture. Then this motor fuel composition was allowed to stand for 1 to 24 hours at a temperature not lower than -35 20 before testing.

All previous compositions were prepared without the use of any mixing devices. with

To prepare ethanol-containing gasoline, ethanol-containing mixtures and oxygen-containing compounds other than ethanol were added to summer gasoline. The following compositions demonstrate the possibility of obtaining gasoline with an ethanol content that meets the standard requirements for summer grade gasoline, including the vapor pressure of which does not exceed 70 kPa.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the equivalent dry vapor pressure (ETSP) on the ethanol content when mixing (U summer gasoline A95 with mixture for addition 3, which contains 3595 volumes of ethanol, 595 volumes of isoamyl alcohol and 6095 volumes of ligroin, and boils at temperatures in the range of 100-170

Fig. 2 demonstrates that the change in the ethanol content in gasoline in the range from 0 to 2095 does not cause an increase in pressure db) of the vapor in these compositions above the requirements of the ETSP standards for gasoline of the summer brand, which is equal to 70 kPa.

Similar ETSP behavior was observed for summer gasolines A92 and AZ8 mixed with a mixture for addition, ee,

Containing 3595 volumes of ethanol, 595 volumes of isoamyl alcohol and 6095 volumes of naphtha with a boiling point of 100-17090,

The ratio of the amount of ethanol and the amount of an oxygen-containing compound, different from ethanol, in the mixture for addition, which is used for the preparation of gasoline with ethanol content, is of significant importance. "

The ratio between the amounts of components to be added, established by this invention, allows to regulate the vapor pressure of gasolines with ethanol content in a wide range. - c The following compositions demonstrate the possibility of using mixtures for addition with high and low ethanol content. The mixture for addition, which contained 9295 volumes of ethanol, 6905 volumes of isoamyl alcohol and 295 "» volumes of isobutanol, was mixed with gasoline of a summer brand. The resulting compositions had the following properties:

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol -80: 18.4: 1.2: 0.495 by volume

ETSP -70.0 kPa - and 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.3 b» A95: Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol - 82: 16.56 : 1.08: 0.3695 from the volume of ETSP - 69.9 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) -92.6 (se) A9B: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol -78: 20.24: 1.32: 0.4495 from the volume of ETSP - 7 0, 0 kPa trip 50 O,B (KOM - MOM) -94.5

The mixture for addition, which contained 2595 volumes of ethanol, 6095 volumes of isoamyl alcohol and 1595 volumes of isobutanol, was mixed with gasoline of the summer brand. The resulting compositions had the following properties:

AZ92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol - 80: 5:12: 395 by volume

ETSP -66.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 88.6

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol -84:4:9.6: 2.495 volumes of ETSP -65.5 kPa about O,B(KOM - MOM) - 91.3 ko A9B: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol - 86: 3.5: 8.4: 2.195 by volume ETSP -65.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 93.0 60 Similar results were obtained when other oxygen-containing compounds were used for the preparation of ethanol-containing gasoline (c), as well as Se-C425 hydrocarbons (j) according to this invention in the ratio established by this invention. These gasolines fully meet the requirements for motor fuels used in conventional spark ignition engines.

In addition, the ethanol-containing additive mixtures and oxygen-containing compounds of the present invention, other than ethanol, 65 in the ratio of the present invention can be used as an independent motor fuel in engines adapted to run on ethanol.

Example C

Example C demonstrates the possibility of reducing the equivalent dry vapor pressure of motor fuel with ethanol content for cases when gasoline with an equivalent dry vapor pressure according to AZTM 0O-5191 at the level of 48 kPa (approximately 7 rzi) is used as a hydrocarbon base.

To prepare mixtures of these compositions, unleaded summer gasoline A92, A95 and AZ98 were used, which met US standards and were purchased in the USA under the trade marks Ryirz U Vaze ERiei, Opiop Siveag

Vazvze and IpdoYiIepe.

The starting gasoline contained aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons Sv-S.42, including saturated and unsaturated. 70 Fig. 1 demonstrates the behavior of ETSP of motor fuel with ethanol content based on US A92 summer brand gasoline.

Motor fuels with ethanol content based on US summer gasoline A9Z5 and A9Z8, respectively, showed similar behavior. US summer gasoline AZ2 had the following properties:

ETSP -47.8 kPa

The coefficient of anti-detonation is O.5 (KOM and - MOM)-87.7

Fuel 3-1 contained US summer gasoline A92 and ethanol and had the following properties for different compositions:

A92: Ethanol - 95: 595 by volume ETSP - 55.9 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 89.0

A92: Ethanol - 90: 1095 from the volume of ETSP - 55.4 kPa

O, B (KOM and - MOM) - 90.1

Fuel 3-2 contained US summer gasoline A92, ethanol, oxygen-containing additives with oxygen content and had the following properties for different compositions:

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol -83: 8.5: 8.595 from the volume of ETSP -47.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 89.6 s

A92: Ethanol: Isoamylpropionate - 82: 8: 1095 by volume ETSP - 47.0 kPa

O,B (KOM i- MOM) -89.9 o

A92: Ethanol: 2-ethylhexanol - 82: 8: 1095 by volume ETSP - 47.8 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 89.2

AZ92: Ethanol: Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol - 82: 7: 1095 by volume of ETSP -47.8 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 89.3 "

A92: Ethanol: Cyclohexanone - 82: 7: 1095 by volume ETSP -47.7 kPa b 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 89.1

A92 : Ethanol: Methoxybenzene -80 : 8.5: 11.595 by volume ETSP -46.8 kPa so

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 90.6 cha

A92: Ethanol: Methoxytoluene - 82: 8: 1095 volume ETSP -46.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 90.8

A92: Ethanol: Methoxybenzoate - 82: 8: 1095 by volume ETSP -46.0 kPa 0.5(KOM - MOM) - 90.5 "

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP pt") of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases. it is enough to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The level of ETSP for and? of gasoline of the US winter brand is 7 r, which corresponds to 48.28 kPa.

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 83: 9: 895 by volume ETSP -48.2 kPa

О,Б(КОМ - МОМ) - 89.8 - А92 : Ethanol: Methoxytoluene - 84: 8: 8 by volume of ETSP - 48.2 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 90.5

Me A92 : Ethanol: Methyl benzoate - 85: 8: 795 by volume ETSP - 48.2 kPa so O, B (KOM and - MOM) - 90.1

Fuel 3-3 contained US summer gasoline AZ2 (a), ethanol (b), oxygen additives (c), Se-C42 hydrocarbons (4) and had the following properties for different compositions: sp AZ92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol : Ligroin -75:9.2:0.3: 0.1: 15.495 by volume

Boiling point of diesel fuel 100-200 ETSP -47.8 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 89.5

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: t-isopropyltoluene -75:9.2:0.3: 0.1: 15.495 by volume of ETSP - 47.0 kPa

F) O,B(KOM - MOM) - 90.5 ko A9Z2: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Isooctane - 75:92:0.3: 0.1: 15.495 by volume

ETSP -4 7.8 kPa in O,B (KOM - MOM) - 90.3

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of the ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it into compliance with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for US summer gasoline is 7 rzi, which corresponds to 48.28 kPa. 65 A92 : Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Ligroin - 76:9.2:0.3: 0.1: 14.495 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP -48.2 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 89.6

A9U2: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Ligroin: Isooctane - 76:92:03:01: 104: 495 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP - 48.2 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 89.8

A9Z2: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Ligroin: t-isopropyltoluene -77:92:03:01: 70. 10.4: 39o by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP - 48.2 kPa

O.5B (KOM i- MOM) - 89.9

The following fuels demonstrate the ability to adjust the Equivalent Dry Vapor Pressure (EDVP) of motor 75 ethanol fuel based on US AO8 summer gasoline. US A9Z8 gasoline had the following parameters:

ETSP - 48.2 kPa

The coefficient of anti-detonation O,B (KOM - MOM) - 92.2

Comparative fuel 3-4 contained US summer gasoline A9Z8, ethanol and had the following properties for different compositions:

A9B: Ethanol - 95: 595 by volume

ETSP - 56.3 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.0

AZOV: Ethanol - 90: 1095 from the volume of ETSP -55.8 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.6

Fuel 3-5 contained US summer gasoline AZOV (a), ethanol (B), additives (c) with oxygen content and had the following characteristics for different compositions:

A9B: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 82.5: 9: 8.595 from the volume of ETSP - 48.2 kPa and9) 0.5 (KOM and - MOM) - 93.3

A9B: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol - 82.5:9: 7: 1.595 by volume of ETSP - 48.2 kPa

O.5B (KOM i- MOM) - 93.4 yu

А9ЗВ8 : Ethanol: Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol - 80: 10: 1095 by volume of ETSP - 48.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.7 tons

Fuel 3-6 contained US summer gasoline A9ZV8 (a), ethanol (B), oxygen-containing additives (c), Se-Si hydrocarbons (4) and e) had the following characteristics for different compositions:

A9B8: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Ligroin - 75:92:03: 0.1: 15495 by volume

Boiling temperature of ligroin 100-2002С h-

ETSP -48.2 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -93.3

AZOV: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Isooctane -75:9.2:0.3: 0.1: 15.495 by volume «

ETSP - 48.2 kPa

О,Б(КОМ - МОМ)-93.9 - с А9УВ8 : Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: t-Isopropyltoluene - 75.5:92: 0.3: 0.1: 14995 c by volume ETSP - 47.5 kPa

О,Б(КОМ - МОМ) -94 4

A9B: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Ligroin: Isooctane -75:92:0.3:0.1: 8.4: 795 by volume -i Boiling temperature of ligroin 100-2002С ETSP -48.2 kPa

FU O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.6

A9UV8: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Ligroin: t-Isopropyltoluene -7/5:92:03:01: (se) 10.4: 595 by volume of 50 Ligroin boiling point 100-2002С

ETSP -48.0 kPa sl O,B (KOM i- MOM) -93.7

A98B: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Ligroin: Alkylate - 75:92:0.3:01: 7.9: 7.595 by volume 22 Boiling temperature of ligroin 100-2002С

GF! Alkylate boiling point 100-130

ETSP - 48.2 kPa o O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.6

The following fuels demonstrate the ability to change the Equivalent Dry Vapor Pressure (EDVP) of motor fuel 60 based on US AOB summer gasoline.

US summer gasoline A95 had the following characteristics:

OMRE -47.0 kRa

The coefficient of anti-detonation O,B (KOM - MOM) - 90.9

Summer gasoline AZ95 was used as a comparative mixture during the inspection, which was carried out according to the cycle of testing ESH2000 MES EC 98/69 on Moimo 240 0. 1987 with a 4-cylinder engine of the V2ZOE brand and volume

2.32 liters (Mo I (3420-87), which developed a power of 83 kW at 90 revolutions per second and a torque of 185

Nm at 46 revolutions per second.

Testing carried out according to the above procedure revealed the following results for US A95 summer gasoline:

CO (carbon monoxide) 2.AObg/km;

NS (hydrocarbons) O,ZBbg/km;

MO, (nitrogen oxides) O.278g/km;

CO" (carbon dioxide) 232.6 bg/km; nmMvv' O.258g/km;

Fuel consumption, ES 1/100 km 9.93 7 Non-methane hydrocarbons.

Comparative fuel 3-7 contained US summer gasoline AZO5 and ethanol and had the following properties for different compositions: A95: Ethanol - 95: 595 by volume

ETSP -55.3 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -91.5

A95: Ethanol - 90: 1095 by volume

ETSP -54.8 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 92.0

Testing of a comparative gasoline-alcohol mixture (KEM3Z), which contained 9095 by volume of US gasoline AdO5 summer grade and 1095 by volume of ethanol, was carried out on a 1987 Moimo 240 0 with a 4-cylinder engine of the V2ZOE brand and a volume of 2, 32 liters (Mo | 5420-87) in accordance with the test cycle EO200О MEOS EC 98/69 and s ov DISCOVERED the following results in comparison with summer gasoline USA AB: o

CO (carbon monoxide) -12,590;

NS (hydrocarbons) -4.895;

MO, (nitrogen oxides) 2.390; yu

CO" (carbon dioxide) 3.79 nMvv" -А.09р; "

Fuel consumption, Ro 1/100km 3.195 (is) "- represents a decrease in emissions, and "4" represents an increase in emissions. ke,

Fuel 3-8 contained US A9Z5 summer gasoline, ethanol, oxygen-containing additives and had the following properties for different fuel compositions:

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 83: 8.5: 8.595 by volume

ETSP -47.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -91.7 "

A95: Ethanol: p-amyl acetate - 80: 10: 1095 by volume of ETSP - 47.0 kPa ssh s O,B(KOM - MOM) -91.8 c A95: Ethanol: Cyclohexyl acetate - 80: 10: 1095 from the volume of ETSP -46.7 kPa "» 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 92.0

A95: Ethanol : Tetramethyltetrahydrofuran - 80: 12: 895 by volume ETSP - 47.0 kPa

О,Б(КОМ - МОМ) - 92.6 - А95: Ethanol: Methyltetrahydrofuran- 80: 15: 595 from the volume of ETSP -46.8 kPa

О,Б(КОМ - МОМ) - 92.5 b The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP (Te) of motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it in line with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The level of ETSP for t- gasoline of the summer brand is 7 rzi, which corresponds to 48.28 kPa. c A95: Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol -84 : 8.5: 7.5 by volume of ETSP - 48.2 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 91.7

A95: Ethanol: Phenyl acetate -82.5: 10: 7.595 by volume ETSP - 48.2 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 92.3

A95: Ethanol : Tetramethyltetrahydrofuran - 81: 10 : 995 by volume

F, ETSP -48.2 kPa ko O,B (KOM - MOM) -922

Fuel 3-9 contained US summer gasoline A9Z5 (a), ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additives (c), Se-C42 hydrocarbons (4) and had the following characteristics for different compositions:

A95: Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol : Isobutyl alcohol : Ligroin - 75:9.2:0.3:0.1: 15.495 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP - 47.0 kPa

О,Б(КОМ - МОМ)-91.6 65 А95 : Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol : : Isobutyl alcohol : Isooctane -75:9.2:0.3 0.1 : 15.495 by volume

ETSP -47.0 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -92.2

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: t-isopropyltoluene -75:9.2:0.3: 0.1: 154965 from the volume of ETSP -46.8 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 93, 0

AZ95 : Ethanol : Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol: Cyclooctatetraene -80 : 9.5: 0.5: 1095 by volume ETSP - 46.6 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) - 92.5

A9Z5: Ethanol : 4-methyl-4-oxytetrahydropyran : Allocimene - 80:9.5: 0.5: 10965 by volume 70 ETSP -46.7 kPa o, 5(KOM - MOM) - 92.1

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that it is not always necessary to reduce the excess ETSP of the motor fuel, which arose due to the presence of ethanol, to the level of the ETSP of the original gasoline. In some cases, it is enough to bring it in line with the requirements of the current regulations for the corresponding gasoline. The ETSP level for summer gasoline is 7 psi, which corresponds to 48.28 kPa.

A95: Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol: : Isobutyl alcohol : Ligroin - 76.5:9.2:0.3:0.1:7 : 6.995 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-2002C

ETSP - 48.2 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 91.7

A95 : Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol: : Isobutyl alcohol : Ligroin : Isooctane -7/6.5:92:03:01:7: 6.995 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20096.

ETSP - 48.2 kPa o, 5B (KOM - MOM) -92.2 Ha

A9U5: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol:: Isobutyl alcohol: t-Isopropyltoluene -77:92:03:01:7: 13.495 by volume i9)

ETSP - 48.2 kPa o, 5B(KOM - MOM) -92.9

Fuel 3-10 consisted of 7695 volumes of US A9Z5 summer gasoline, 9.295 volumes of ethanol, 0.2595 volumes of isoamyl alcohol, 0.05956 volumes of isobutyl alcohol, 11.5950 volumes of boiling naphtha 100-2002C and 395 volumes of isopropyltoluene. The composition of fuel 3-10 was tested to demonstrate how the invention C allows the production of gasoline with an ethanol content that fully meets the requirements of current standards, for the first time "(F) for the level of ETSP, as well as for other parameters. At the same time, this gasoline provides a reduction of toxic compounds in emissions and lower fuel consumption compared to the KEMZ mixture of the original summer gasoline i-o

USA A95 with 1095 ethanol. Composition 2-10 had the following characteristic properties: h- density at 152С, according to AZTM 04052 774, 9 kg/m Z. temperature of the beginning of boiling, « according to ABTM О 86 36.12С; evaporated part - 7020 33.695 by volume; - c evaporated part - 10020 50.895 of the volume; from" the evaporated part - 15026 8 6.195 of the volume; evaporated part - 19026 97.095 of the volume; boiling point temperature 204.82; -I 395 evaporation sediment 1.595 by volume; evaporation losses 1.595 of the volume; (o) oxygen content according to AZTM 0481 3.379o by weight,

Ge) acidity according to

ATM 01613 weight or NAs 0.007; th pH according to AZTM 01287 7.58; 4 sulfur content according to AZTM O 5453 ATmg/kg; resin content according to AZTM 0381 2.8mg/100Oml; water content according to AZTM 06304 0.0296 wt.; aromatic substances according to zZ 155120, including benzene 31.295 by volume;

F) one benzene according to EC 238 0.795 by volume; ke ETSP according to ATM O 5191 48.0 kPa; anti-detonation coefficient O.5 (KOM and MOM) 60 according to AZTM O 2699-86 and AZTM O 2700-86 92.2

The composition of motor fuel 3-10 was tested on Moimo 240 0 of 1987 with a 4-cylinder engine of the V2ZOE brand and a volume of 2.32 liters (Mo I (3420-87) according to, as before, the test cycle ЕО20О0О МЕС ЭС 98/69 , and the following results were obtained, (k) or (-)95, in comparison with the original US summer gasoline A9B5: b5

Ho:o) -15,196 not -B,695;

Moss, 59;

Co2 has not changed; nmMvv -A,BU; fuel consumption, Ro, l/100km has not changed.

Similar results were obtained when testing other oxygen-containing compounds. For the preparation of all the above-mentioned formulations, US summer gasoline was first mixed with ethanol, then 70 appropriate oxygen-containing additive was added to this mixture. Then the resulting 5 motor fuel composition was allowed to settle before testing for 1-24 hours at a temperature not lower than -3520.

All the above formulations were prepared without the use of any mixing devices.

It has also been established that for vapor pressure correction ethanol-based motor fuels based on summer gasolines meeting US standards used in conventional spark-ignition 75 internal combustion engines, ethanol-containing additive mixtures, as well as oxygen-containing compounds other than ethanol. The addition of C8-C41 hydrocarbons to the composition of the mixture increased the effectiveness of the vapor pressure reduction effect of the additive on the excess vapor pressure caused by the presence of ethanol in gasoline.

The additive mixture, consisting of 6095 volumes of ethanol, 3295 volumes of isoamyl alcohol, and 895 volumes of isobutyl alcohol, was mixed with US summer gasolines having an equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDV) of no higher than 7, corresponding to 48.28 kPa.

The resulting compositions had the following properties:

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol - 87.5:7.5:4: 195 by volume

ETSP - 51.7 kPa Ge! 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 89.7 o

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol -85:9: 4.8: 1.295 by volume

ETSP -51.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 91.8

A9B: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol -80: 12: 6.4: 1.695 by volume ETSP -52.0 kPa Io)

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.5 "

The following examples demonstrate the possibility of a partial reduction of the excess vapor pressure by approximately 5095 from the excess vapor pressure of gasoline, caused by the presence of ethanol in the mixture. (at)

The mixture for addition, consisting of 50 vol. of ethanol and 50 vol. of methyl isobutyl ketone, was mixed in various proportions with US gasoline of a summer grade, having an equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDV) of no higher than 7, which corresponds to 48.28 kPa The obtained compositions had the following properties: -

A92 : Ethanol : Methylisobutyl ketone -85: 7.5: 7.595 by volume

ETSP - 49.4 kPa

O.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.0 "

A95: Ethanol : Methylisobutyl ketone - 84: 8: 895 by volume ETSP - 48.6 kPa

O,B(VOM - MOM) -91.7 - with A9B: Ethanol: Methylisobutyl ketone - 82: 9: 995 from the volume of ETSP - 49.7 kPa and O,5B(KOM i - MOM) - 93.9 is" The following examples demonstrate the possibility of a partial reduction of the excess vapor pressure of approximately 8095 from the excess vapor pressure of gasoline caused by the presence of ethanol in the mixture. - and Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the equivalent dry vapor pressure (ETSP) on the ethanol content in the mixtures of summer gasoline of the USA Ab2 with the mixture for addition 4, which contained 3595 vol. of ethanol, 195 vol. of isoamyl alcohol, 0.295 vol. of isobutanol, 43,895 volumes of naphtha with a boiling point in the range of 100 - 1709C and is), 2090 isopropyl toluene. 50 Fig. 2 demonstrates that the use of this mixture for addition to a composition with gasoline containing ethanol allows to reduce the excess pressure caused by the presence of ethanol by more than 10095. sl Similar results for ETSP were obtained for compositions of gasoline of the US summer brand A95 and AZV with a mixture for addition consisting of 3595 volumes of ethanol, 195 volumes of isoamyl alcohol, 0.295 volumes of isobutanol, 43.89 volumes of naphtha with a boiling point in the range of 100 - 170902 and 2095 isopropyl toluene.

GF! Similar results were obtained when other compounds containing oxygen and CO 8-C 12 o hydrocarbons were used in the proportions established by this invention to form a mixture for addition, which was then used for the preparation of gasoline containing ethanol. These gasolines fully meet the requirements for motor fuels used in conventional internal combustion engines with spark ignition. 60 In addition, ethanol-containing additive mixtures, oxygen-containing compounds other than those containing ethanol, as well as Sv-C42 hydrocarbons in the proportion and composition established by the present invention, can be used as an independent fuel in engines adapted to work on ethanol .

Example 4

Example 4 demonstrates the possibility of reducing the equivalent dry vapor pressure of motor fuel with an ethanol content for cases where the hydrocarbon base of the fuel is non-standard gasoline with an equivalent dry vapor pressure according to AZTM 0-5191 at the level of 110 kPa (approximately 16 psi).

To prepare mixtures of this composition, unleaded winter gasoline A92, A95 and A98 was used, which was purchased in Sweden from the companies 5pPeiY, ia, O8OK and Rgeet, as well as gas condensate (GC), which was purchased in

Russia, in the company Gazprom.

Hydrocarbon component (VVK) for motor fuel compositions was prepared by mixing approximately 8595 volumes of winter gasoline A92, AZ5 or AZOV with approximately 1595 volumes of hydrocarbon gas condensate liquid (HC).

In order to prepare the hydrocarbon component (VVK) for fuel compositions from 4-1 to 4-10 of this fuel composition, approximately 85 volumes of winter gasoline A92, AO5 or AZOV were first mixed with hydrocarbon /o gas condensate liquid (GC). After that, the retained hydrocarbon component (VVK) was defended for 24 hours.

The resulting gasoline contained aliphatic and alicyclic Са-С4и3 hydrocarbons, including saturated and unsaturated.

Fig. 1 shows the behavior of ETSP of motor fuel with ethanol content on the basis of US winter gasoline AZ92 and gas condensate. Motor fuel with ethanol content based on US winter gasoline A9Z5 and A9B and gas 7/5 Condensate (GC) shows similar behavior.

Gasoline containing 8,595 volumes of A92 winter gasoline and 15 volumes of gas condensate (GC) had the following properties. ETSP - 110.0 kPa

The coefficient of anti-detonation O05 (/KOM i- MOM) - 87.9. Comparative fuel 4-1 contained winter gasoline A9b2, gas condensate (GC), ethanol and had the following properties for different compositions:

A92: GC: Ethanol - 80.75: 14.25: 595 from the volume of ETSP - 115.5 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 89.4

A92: GC: Ethanol -76.5: 13.5: 1095 from the volume of ETSP - 115.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 90.6

The fuel 4-2 according to the invention contained winter gasoline A92, gas condensate (GC), ethanol, an additive containing oxygen and had the following properties for different compositions:

A92 GC: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol -74: 13: 6.5: 6.595 by volume

ETSP - 109.8 kPa

O,B(K(F) - MY - 90.35

AZ92: HC: Ethanol: 2.5 Dimethyltetrahydrofuran - 68:12:10: 1095 from the volume of ETSP - 110.0 kPa and 0.5B (KOM - MOM) - 90.75

A92: GC: Ethanol: Propanol - 68:12:12: 895 volumes of ETSP - 109.5 kPa "

O.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.0 b

A92: HC: Ethanol: Diisopropylcarbinol - 72:13: 7.5: 7.595 by volume of ETSP - 109.0 kPa

O.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.3 ise)

AZ92 GK: Ethanol : Acetophenone - 72:13:9: 695 from the volume of ETSP -110.0 kPa M

O.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.8

AZ92 GC: Ethanol: Isobutylpropionate - 75:13: 5: 7905 volume ETSP - 109.2 kPa

O.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.0

Fuel 4-3 contained winter gasoline A92, gas condensate (GC), ethanol, oxygen-containing additive, "40. Sv-Si" hydrocarbons and had the following properties for different compositions: with A92: GC: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isopropylbenzene -68: 12:9.5:0.5: 1095 from the volume of ETSP - 108.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 91.7 ;" AZ92 GK: Ethanol : Tert-butyl ethyl ether : Ligroin - 68:12:9.5: 0.5: 10965 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20096.

ETSP - 108.5 kPa -I O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 90.6

AZ92 GK: Ethanol : Isoamyl methyl ether : Toluene - 68:12 :9.5: 0.5: 1095 volumes ETSP - 107.5 kPa b O,B(KOM - MOM) - 91.6

Te) The following fuel compositions demonstrate that the invention allows reducing the excess ETSP 5o of non-standard gasoline to the level of the corresponding standard gasoline. ETSP for standard winter gasoline AZ2 is 90 kPa. 4 A92 : HC: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol : Ligroin : Alkylate - 55:10:9.5:0.5:12.5:12.595 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20026.

Alkylate boiling point 100-13096. 5B ETSP -90.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 90.6 i) A92 : HC: Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol : Ligroine : Ethylbenzene - 55:10:9.5:0.5:15:1095 from the volume of the name) Boiling temperature of ligroin 100-20026.

ETSP -89.8 kPa 60 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.9

AZ92 GK: Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol : Ligroin : Isopropyltoluene - 55:10:9.5:0.5: 20: 595 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20096.

ETSP -90.0 kPa

О.5Б(КОМ - МОМ) - 90.6 65 The following compositions demonstrate the possibility of adjusting the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDPS) of fuel mixtures containing ethanol based on 85,956 volumes of AZOV winter gasoline and approximately 1,595 volumes of gas condensate.

Gasoline containing 8,595 volumes of AZOV winter gasoline and 1,595 volumes of gas condensate (GC) had the following parameters: ETSP - 109.8 kPa

The coefficient of anti-detonation O,B (KOM and - MOM) - 92.0

Comparative fuel 4-4 contained winter gasoline A9Z8, gas condensate (GC), ethanol and had the following properties for different compositions:

А9В8В: ГК: Ethanol -80.75 : 14.25: 595 from the volume of ETSP - 115.3 kPa

О,Б(КОМ - МОМ) - 93.1 76 А9В8В: ГК: Ethanol -76.5: 13.5: 1095 from the volume of ETSP - 114.8 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 94.0

Fuel 4-5 according to the invention contained winter gasoline A9Z8, gas condensate (GC), ethanol, oxygen-containing additives and had the following properties for different compositions:

АЗ9В: ГК: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 74:13:6.5:6.5905 by volume

ETSP - 109.6 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.3

A9B8: HC: Ethanol: Ethoxybenzene - 72:13:7.5:7.595 by volume of ETSP - 110.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -94.0

A9B8: HC: Ethanol: 3,3,5 Trimethylcyclohexane - 72:13:7,5: :7,595 by volume of ETSP - 109,8 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.3

Fuel 4-6 contained AZ8 winter gasoline, gas condensate, ethanol, oxygen-containing additives, Sv-C12 hydrocarbons (4) and had the following properties for different compositions:

АЗ9В: ГК: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Ligroin - 68:12:9.2:0.6:0.2:10905 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20096. high school

ETSP - 107.4 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 93.8 o

AZ9B: HC: Ethanol: Ethyl isobutyl ether: Myrcene - 72:13:9.5:0.5:595 by volume of ETSP - 110.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.6

АЗ9В: ГК: Ethanol : Isobutane : Isooctane - 68:12:5:5:1095 by volume

ETSP - 102.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.5 Z

The following motor fuel compositions demonstrate that the invention allows reducing the excess ETSP Ф of non-standard gasoline to the level of the corresponding standard gasoline. ETSP for standard winter gasoline

AZV is equal to 90 kPa. X,

A92: HC: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Ligroin: Alkylate - 55:10:9.5:0.5:12.5:12.595 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20026.

Alkylate boiling point 100-13020.

ETSP -89.8 kPa «

O,B (KOM - MOM) -94.0

A92 : HC: Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol : Ligroin : : Isopropylbenzene - 55:10:9.5:0.5:15:1095 by volume - s The boiling point of ligroin is 100-20026. h ETSP - 89.6 kPa ,» O,B(KOM - IOM) -94 2

AZ92: HC: Ethanol : Isobutanol : Ligroine : Isopropyltoluene - - 55:10:5:5:20:595 by volume

Boiling temperature of diesel fuel 100-200960, - ETSP - 88.5 kPa b О,Б(KOM - MOM) -94.1

The following compositions demonstrate the ability to adjust the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDPS) of fuel mixtures containing ethanol based on 85,956 volumes of winter gasoline A95 and approximately 1,595 volumes of gas iz 20 condensate.

Gasoline containing 8595 volumes of AZOV winter gasoline and 1595 volumes of gas condensate (GC) had the following parameters:

ETSP - 109.5 kPa

Anti-knock coefficient O.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.2 25 As a comparative fuel for testing, as described above,

Gee! used a hydrocarbon component (VVK) containing 8,595 volumes of winter gasoline and 1,595 volumes of gas condensate (GC), and obtained the following results: so 2.03Zg/km; because not O.279g/km;

MOH 0.279g/km;

CO2 229.5g/km; nmMvv O.255g/km;

Fuel consumption, ES, l/1O0km 9.89 b5

Fuel 4-7 contained winter gasoline A95, gas condensate (GC), ethanol and had the following properties for different compositions:

A95: HC: Ethanol - 80.75:14.25:595 by volume

ETSP - 115.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 91.7

A95: HC: Ethanol - 76.5:13.5:1095 by volume

ETSP - 114.5 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -92.5

A reference fuel mixture (KEM4) containing 80.7595 volumes of AZ95 winter gasoline, 14.2595 volumes of gas condensate (GC) and 590 volumes of ethanol was tested as described above and the following results were obtained: (9 or (-)95, compared to gasoline that contained 8595 volumes of winter gasoline A95 and 1595 volumes of gas condensate (GC): so -6.9896 75 not -7.396;

Moss 12196;

Со5 1.196; nmMvv -B,395;

Fuel consumption, Ro, 1/100 km 2.6295.

Fuel 4-8 according to the invention contained winter gasoline A95, gas condensate (GC), ethanol, oxygen exchange additives and had the following properties for different compositions:

A95: HC: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 74:13:6.5:6.595 by volume

ETSP - 109.1 kPa s 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 92.0

A95: GC: Ethanol: Phenol - 72:13:8:795 from the volume of ETSP - 107.5 kPa at 0.5 (KOM and - MOM) - 92.6

A95: HC: Ethanol: Phenylacetate - 68:12:10:1095 from the volume of ETSP - 106.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) -92.8 oyu

A95: HC: Ethanol: 3-hydroxy-2-butanone - 68:12:10:1095 by volume of ETSP - 108.5 kPa 0.5 (KOM and - MOM) - 91.6 M

A95: HC: Ethanol: Tert-butylacetoacetate - 68:12:10:10905 by volume of ETSP - 108.0 kPa Ge»! 0.5 (KOM - MOM) -92.2

A95: HC: Ethanol: 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexane - 71:12:9:895 by volume

ETSP - 108.5 kPa and - 0.5 (KOM and - MOM) -91.6

Fuel 4-9 contained winter gasoline A95, gas condensate (GC), ethanol, oxygen-containing additives, hydrocarbons

Se-C.2 (4) and had the following properties for different compositions:

A95: HC: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Ligroin - 68:12:9.2:0.6:0.2:10905 by volume «

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20026. 8 s ETSP - 107.0 kPa c O,B(KOM i- MOM) -92.1 "» A95: HA: Ethanol : Isobutanol : Cyclooctatetraene - - 72:13:9.5:0.5:595 from to him ETSP - 108.5 kPa 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 92.6

The following fuel compositions demonstrate that the invention allows reducing the excess vapor pressure (ETSP) of non-standard gasoline to the level of the corresponding standard gasoline. ETSP for standard winter gasoline

A95 is equal to 90.0 kPa. b A95: HC: Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol : Isobutanol : Ligroin : Alkylate - 55:10:9,2:0,6:0,2:12,5:12,595 by volume (Ce) Ligroin boiling point 100-20096 . 1" 50 Alkylate boiling point 100-13096.

ETSP - 89.5 kPa sl 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 92.4

A95: HC: Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol : Ligroin : Tertbutylxylene - 55:10:9.5:0.5:20:595 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 100-20026.

ETSP - 89.8 kPa

Gee! O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 92.5

A95: HC: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Ligroin: Izisopropylbenzene - 55:10:5:5:20:5965 by volume. The boiling point of lignorin is 100-20096.

ETSP - 89.9 kPa 6o 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 92.2

Motor fuel 4-10 consisted of 5595 volumes of winter gasoline A95, 1095 volumes of gas condensate (GH), 595 volumes of ethanol, 595 volumes of tert-butagnol, 20906 volumes of ligroin with a boiling point of 100-200202 and 595 volumes of isopropyltoluene. Fuel composition 4-10 was tested to demonstrate how the invention allows the production of gasoline with an ethanol content that fully meets the requirements of current standards, primarily for the level of equivalent dry vapor pressure, as well as for other fuel parameters, even when the original hydrocarbon component (VVK ) has a significantly higher ETSP than the requirements of the standards. At the same time, this gasoline with ethanol content provides a reduction of toxic compounds in emissions and lower fuel consumption compared to the KEMA4 mixture described above. Composition 4-10 had the following characteristic properties: density at 1592С according to ABTM 04052 698.6 bkg/m3; temperature of the beginning of boiling, according to ATM O 8620.59С;

Evaporated part - 7020 AT, 095 by volume;

Evaporated part - 1002С 65.295 by volume; evaporated part - 15026 92.495 of the volume; evaporated part - 18020 97.395 by volume; temperature at the end of boiling is 189.92C; evaporation residue 0.595 by volume; evaporation losses 1.195 of the volume; oxygen content according to AZTM 04815 3.295 wt.; 12 acidity according to AZTM 01613, weight or NAS 0.001; pH according to AZTM 01287 7.0; sulfur content according to AZTM O 5453 18mg/kg; resin content according to AZTM 0381 2mg/100ml; water content according to AZTM 06304 0.0196 wt., aromatic substances according to C 155120, including benzene 30.995 by volume; of one benzene according to EM 238 0.795 by volume; with

ETSP according to ATM O 5191 90.0 kPa; anti-knock coefficient o, 5B (KOM and MOM), (o) according to ATM O 2699-86 and ATM O 2700-86 92.3

The composition of motor fuel 4-10 was tested as before, and the following results were obtained, (kyu) or (-)95, in ju 20 compared to motor fuel, which contained 8595 volumes of winter gasoline AUB and 1595 volumes of gas condensate : "I so -14.0965 (2) ns -8.695; (So)

The MOH has not changed; and - со2 я1.096; nm -6.796;

Fuel consumption, Es, 1/100 km 2.096 « 20 Similar results were obtained when instead of oxygen-containing compounds in examples 4-1 to 4-10, other oxygen-containing compounds according to the invention were used. To prepare all the above-mentioned compositions from 4-1 to 4-10 of this fuel motor composition, the hydrocarbon component (VVK), which was a mixture of winter gasoline and gas condensate (GC), was first mixed with ethanol, and then to this appropriate oxygen-containing additives and Se-C1 hydrocarbons were added to the mixture." Then the obtained motor fuel composition was defended until the beginning

Testing from 1 to 24 hours at a temperature not lower than -352C. All the above-mentioned formulations were prepared without the use of any mixing devices.

The compositions of fuels according to the invention demonstrated the possibility of changing the equivalent pressure of dry steam of engines

Me, fuel with ethanol content, composed on the basis of non-standard gasolines with high vapor pressure and intended for the operation of conventional internal combustion engines with spark ignition.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDPS) on the ethanol content in the mixtures of the hydrocarbon component, which contains 85,956 volumes of AZOV winter gasoline and 1,595 volumes of gas sp condensate (GC), with a mixture for adding 1, which contains 4095 volumes of ethanol and 6095 volumes of methyl benzoate.

Fig. 2 demonstrates that the use of this mixture for addition, which contains ethanol and an oxygen-containing additive other than ethanol, allows obtaining ethanol-containing gasolines in which the vapor pressure does not exceed the vapor pressure of the 5B source hydrocarbon component (VVK).

Similar ETSP results were obtained for feedstock compositions consisting of 4095 (F) vol ethanol and 6095 vol methyl benzoate, with a hydrocarbon component containing 1595 vol ka gas condensate (GC) and 8595 vol containers of winter gasoline A92 or AO5.

Similar results were obtained when other oxygen-containing compounds and C6-C42 hydrocarbons were used to form the mixture for addition, which was then used for the preparation of ethanol-containing gasoline. In the proportions established by this invention.

These gasoline blends according to the invention have an equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDV) that does not exceed

ETSP of the original hydrocarbon component (VVK). At the same time, oxygen additives can be added only in an amount sufficient to obtain gasoline with an ethanol content that fully meets the requirements for B5 motor fuels used in conventional internal combustion engines with spark ignition.

Example 5

Example 5 demonstrates the possibility of reducing the equivalent dry vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuel for cases where the hydrocarbon base of the fuel is gasoline of a modified formula with an equivalent dry vapor pressure according to AZTM 0-5191 at the level of 110 kPa (approximately 16 psi).

To prepare mixtures of this composition, unleaded winter gasoline was used, which was purchased from

Sweden at the Rgeet company, in Russia - at the Lukoil company, and petroleum benzene, which was bought at the MegskK company, in

Germany.

The hydrocarbon component (VVK) for motor fuel compositions was prepared by mixing approximately 8,595 volumes of winter gasoline A92, AZ5, or AZOV with approximately 1,595 volumes of Vidin hydrocarbon gas condensate (HK).

The starting gasoline contained aliphatic and alicyclic Se-C4" hydrocarbons, including saturated and unsaturated.

Fig. 1 demonstrates the behavior. ETSP of motor fuel with ethanol content based on gasoline A92 with a modified formula and petroleum benzene. Similar behavior was observed for ethanol-based motor fuel based on AZ95 and AZ98 gasoline with a modified formula and petroleum benzene.

It should be emphasized that the addition of ethanol to gasoline with a modified formula causes a greater increase in vapor pressure than when ethanol is added to regular gasoline.

Gasoline containing 80 volumes of Ab2 gasoline with a modified formula and 20 volumes of petroleum benzene (NB) had the following properties:

ETSP -27.5 kPa

The coefficient of anti-detonation O,B (KOM - MOM) - 85.5

Comparative fuel 5-1 contained AZ2 gasoline with a modified formula, petroleum benzene (NB), ethanol and had the following properties for different compositions:

A92: NB: Ethanol - 76: 19: 596595 from the volume of ETSP - 36.5 kPa

O.5 (KOM - MOM) - 89.0 s

A92: NB: Ethanol - 72:18: 1096595 from the volume of ETSP - 36.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM i- MOM) - 90.7 i)

The fuel according to the invention 5-2 contained AZ2 gasoline with a modified formula, petroleum benzene (NB), ethanol, an oxygen-containing additive and had the following properties for different compositions:

AZ92: NB: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 64: 16: 10: 1095 by volume of ETSP - 27.0 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 90.5 -

AZ92 : NB: Ethanol : Diisobutyl ether - 64:16:10:1095 by volume He!

ETSP -27.5 kPa

O.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.8 ise)

A92 : NB: Ethanol: p-butanol - 64:16:10:1095 from the volume of ETSP -27.5 kPa M

O, B (KOM and - MOM) - 90.1

A92 : NB: Ethanol: 2,4, 4-trimethyl-1-pentanol - - 64:16:10:1095 by volume of ETSP - 25.0 kPa 0.5 (KOM and - MOM) - 91.8

The fuel according to the invention 5-3 contained AZ2 gasoline with a modified formula, petroleum benzene (NB), ethanol, "oxygen-containing additives, as well as St-C hydrocarbons." and the following properties are available for different compositions: with AZ92: NB: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Ligroin - 60:15:9.2:0.8:15965 by volume. The boiling point of kerosene is 140-200296. "» ETSP - 27.5 kPa

O.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 89.3

A92: NB: Ethanol: p-butanol: Ligroin: Xylene - 60:15:9,2:0,8:7.5:7,590 by volume - and Ligroin boiling point 140-20096.

ETSP -27.5 kPa

FO,5B(KOM - MOM) - 91.2 (Se) AZ9Z2 : NB: Ethanol : Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol : Isopropylbenzene - 60:15:9:1:1595 by volume of ETSP -27.5

KPa e О,Б(КОМ - МОМ) - 91.3 sl The following fuel compositions demonstrate the possibility of adjusting the equivalent dry vapor pressure of gasolines with ethanol content based on AZ8 gasoline with a modified formula and petroleum benzene (NB).

Motor fuel containing 8095 volumes of AZOV gasoline with a modified formula and 2095 volumes of petroleum benzene (NB) had the following properties: ETSP -27.3 kPa

Anti-detonation coefficient О,Б(КОМ и-МОМ) - 88.0 о Comparative fuel 5-4 contained gasoline AZ8 with a changed formula, petroleum benzene (NB), ethanol and a little for different compositions with the following properties:

AZOV: NB: Ethanol - 76: 19: 595 from the volume of ETSP - 36.3 kPa in O,B (KOM - MOM) - 91.0

AZOV: NB: Ethanol - 72: 18: 1095 from the volume of ETSP -35.8 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 92.5

The fuel according to the invention 5-5 contained AZOV gasoline with a changed formula, petroleum benzene (NB), ethanol, oxygen-containing additives and had the following properties for different compositions: 65 A9B8: NB: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 64:16:10:1095 from vol. 'emu

ETSP - 26.9 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 92.0

A9ZV: NB: Ethanol: p-amyl alcohol - 64:16:10:1095 by volume

ETSP - 26.5 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 91.2

A9B8: NB: Ethanol: Linalool - 68:17:9:695 from the volume of ETSP -27.1 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) -92.6

A9B8: NB: Ethanol: 3,6-dimethyl-3-octanol - 68:17:9:695 by volume

ETSP -27.0 kPa 70 0.5 (KOM i- MOM) - 92.5

Fuel 5-6 contained AZ8 gasoline with a modified formula, petroleum benzene (NB), ethanol, oxygen-containing additives, as well as Sv-C42" hydrocarbons (4) and had the following properties for different compositions:

A9B8: NB: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Ligroin - 60:15:9.2:0.8:1595 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 140-20096.

ETSP -27.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 91.7

A9B8: NB: Ethanol: Linalool: Allocimene - 60:15:9:1:1595 from the volume of ETSP - 26.0 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.0

A9B8: NB : Ethanol : Methylcyclohexanone : Limonene - - 60:15:9.5:1:14,595 from the volume of ETSP -25.4 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 93.2

The following fuel compositions demonstrate the ability to adjust the equivalent dry vapor pressure of a fuel mixture based on approximately 8,095 volumes of AUB gasoline with a modified formula, and approximately 2,095 volumes of petroleum benzene (NB). Gasoline, which contained 8095 volumes of gasoline A95 with a modified formula, and 2095 volumes of petroleum benzene (NB) had the following properties:

OMRE - 27.6 kRa

The coefficient of anti-detonation O,B (KOM - MOM) - 86.3 o

As a comparative fuel, a hydrocarbon component (VVK) was used, which contained 80,905 volumes of gasoline with a modified formula, and 2,095 volumes of petroleum benzene (NB), which was tested on a 1987 Moimo 240 0 with a 4-cylinder V2ZOE engine and volume with a capacity of 2.32 liters (Mo (5420-87) according to the EO200O MEOS test cycle and

EC 98/69, and obtained the following results: "so 2.631g/km; b not О, ЗА8g/km;

Mo 0.1 Zg/km; re)

Со5 235.1g/km; cha nmMvv O,ZOVh/km;

Fuel consumption, Er, 1/100km 10.68

Fuel 5-7 contained gasoline A95 with a changed formula, petroleum benzene (NB) and small for different compositions « 70 the following properties: shsh s A95: NB: Ethanol - 76: 19: 595 from the volume of ETSP - 36.6 kPa and О.5Б(КОМ - МОМ) - 90.2 и"

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 91.7

The comparative fuel mixture (KEM5), containing 7295 volumes of gasoline A95 with a modified formula, 1890 volumes of petroleum benzene (NB) and 1095 volumes of ethanol, was tested, as before, on Moimo 240 0 from 1987 with a 4-cylinder V2ZOE engine with a volume of 2.32 liters (Mo I (3420-87) according to the EO200O MEOS test cycle

Fo EC 98/69, and the following results were obtained, (kyu) or (-)96, in comparison with gasoline, which contained 80 volume (Te) of A95 gasoline with a modified formula and 20 volume of petroleum benzene (NB) : 1 so -A, 89 sl not -1.396;

MOH t26,396; so" ta4Aor; nmMvv -0.695;

Gee! Fuel consumption, Ro, 1/10 Okm 5,795. fuel 5-8 contained gasoline A95 with a changed formula, petroleum benzene (NO), ethanol, oxygen-containing additives and had the following properties for different compositions: 60 A95: NB: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol - 64:16:10:1095 by volume emu

ETSP -27.1 kPa

O.5B (KOM - MOM) - 92.0

A95: NB: Ethanol: 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol - 64:16:10:1095 by volume

ETSP -27.0 kPa 65 O,B(KOM - MOM) -92.4

A95: NB: Ethanol : Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate - - 60:15:15: 1095 from the volume of ETSP -25.6 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 93.0

Fuel 5-9 contained A95 gasoline with a modified formula, petroleum benzene (NB), ethanol, oxygen-containing additives, as well as St-C hydrocarbons." and it has the following properties for different compositions:

A95: NB: Ethanol : Isoamyl alcohol : Ligroin - 60:15:9,2:0.8:15965 by volume

The boiling point of kerosene is 140-20096.

ETSP -27.1 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 91.4

A95: NB: Ethanol: Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol: Tert-butylcyclohexane - 60:15:9.2:0.8:15965 by volume 70 ETSP - 26.5 kPa 0.5 (KOM - MOM) - 90.7

A95: NB : Ethanol : 4-methyl-4-hydroxytetrahydropyran : Isopropyltoluene - 60:15:9.2:0.8:1595 by volume

ETSP -26.1 kPa

O,B (KOM - MOM) - 92.0

Motor fuel 5-10 consisted of 6095 volumes of gasoline A95 of the modified formula, 1595 volumes of petroleum benzene (NB), 1095 volumes of ethanol, 595 volumes of 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran and 1095 volumes of isopropyltoluene. Fuel composition 5-10 was tested to demonstrate how the invention allows the production of gasoline containing ethanol, having a low vapor pressure and in which the presence of the ethanol motor fuel composition does not lead to an increase in the equivalent dry vapor pressure compared to the original hydrocarbon component (VVK). At the same time, this gasoline provides a reduction in toxic compounds in emissions and a reduction in fuel consumption compared to the KEM5 mixture described above. Composition 5-10 had the following characteristic properties: density at 15 C, according to AZTM 04052 764, bkg/m 3. He boiling temperature, according to AZTM О 86 48.99С; evaporated part - 702 25.395 of the volume; evaporated part - 1002С 50.895 by volume; evaporated part - 15026 76.595 of the volume; IS o) evaporated part - 19026 95.695 of the volume; "Its boiling point is 204.582C; evaporation residue 1.495 by volume; o evaporation loss 0.595 of the volume; I«o) oxygen content according to AZTM 04815 4.695 wt.; acidity according to AZTM 01613, - weight of NAS 0.08; pH according to AZTM 01287 7.5; sulfur content according to ABZTM O 5453 39 mg/kg; "resin content according to AZTM 0381 1/5 mg / 100 ml; - water content according to AZTM 06304 0.195 wt.; c aromatic substances according to: c» C 155120, including benzene 3895 by volume; of one benzene according to EM 238 0.495 by volume;

ETSP according to AZTM O 5191 27.2 kPa; -and anti-knock coefficient О,Б(КОМ и-МОМ) according to ABTM О 2699-86 and AZTM О 2700-86 91.8 (22) со The composition of motor fuel 5-10 was checked as before, and the following results were obtained ( kyu) or (-)95, compared to the results for motor fuel, which contained 80 volumes of A9Z5 gasoline with a modified formula, etc. 20 volumes of petroleum benzene: sl so -12.396 not -6.295;

The MOH has not changed;

So" 2,696; (F. nm -6,495; ke Fuel consumption, Es, 1/100 km 3,795 in Similar results were obtained when instead of oxygen-containing compounds in examples 5-1 to 5-10, other oxygen-containing compounds according to the invention were used.

For the preparation of all the above compositions from 5-1 to 5-10 of this fuel motor composition, the hydrocarbon component (VVK), which was a mixture of gasoline with a modified formula and petroleum benzene (NB), was first mixed with ethanol, and then added to this mixture corresponding oxygen-containing additives and 65 hydrocarbons Св-С45. Then the obtained motor fuel composition was defended before the start of testing from 1 to 24 hours at a temperature not lower than -3592C. All the above formulations were prepared without the use of any mixing devices.

The invention demonstrated the possibility of changing the equivalent dry vapor pressure of motor fuels with ethanol content, composed on the basis of non-standard gasolines with low vapor pressure and intended for the operation of ordinary internal combustion engines with spark ignition.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDPS) when mixing a hydrocarbon component containing 8095 volumes of gasoline A92 with a modified formula and 2095 volumes of petroleum benzene, with an oxygen-containing mixture for addition 5, which consists of 4095 volumes volumes of ethanol, 2095 volumes of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2095 volumes of naphtha with a boiling point of 130-170 9 and 2095 volumes of 7/0 tert-butyltoluene. The graph shows that the use of additives of the present invention makes it possible to obtain gasoline with ethanol content, the vapor pressure of which does not exceed the vapor pressure of the original hydrocarbon component (VVK).

Similar behavior for ETSP was obtained when the above oxygen-containing additive was mixed with a hydrocarbon component (VVK) containing 2095 volumes of petroleum benzene (NB) and 8095 volumes of AZ2 or A9ZV gasoline with a modified formula.

Similar results were obtained when other oxygen-containing compounds and hydrocarbons C in-C42 were used in the proportions established by this invention to form a mixture for addition, which was then used for the preparation of gasoline containing ethanol.

These gasolines have an equivalent dry vapor pressure (EDV) that does not exceed the ETV of the original hydrocarbon component (VVK). At the same time, the antiknock coefficient for all gasolines prepared according to the present invention was higher than that of the original hydrocarbon component (VVK).

The above description and examples of preferred implementations of the present invention can be considered illustrative rather than limiting implementations of the present invention, which is defined by the claims. As it is easy to understand, numerous variants and combinations of the characteristic details set forth above can be used without departing from this invention, as set forth in the claims of the invention set forth below. All such modifications are covered by the claims. at

Claims (1)

The formula for the invention of IS) 1. A method of reducing the vapor pressure of a fuel mixture based on C5-C41 hydrocarbons for internal combustion engines with spark ignition, which contains from 0.1 to 2095 volumes of ethanol, no more than 0.2595 He by weight! of water, according to ABTM OO 6304, and no more than 795 weight of oxygen, according to AZTM OO 4815, and in addition to the C3-C42 hydrocarbon component (a) and the ethanol component (B), the oxygen-containing CO Zv Component (c) is introduced into the fuel mixture in an amount from 0.05 to 1595 of the total volume of the fuel mixture, and component (c) is selected from it - at least one of the following types of compounds: - alkanol, which has from 3 to 10 carbon atoms; - dialkyl ether, which has from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; - ketone, which has from 4 to 9 carbon atoms; " - complex alkyl ether of alkanoic acid, which has from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; -o c - hydroxyketone, which has from 4 to 6 carbon atoms; - complex ketone ester of alkanoic acid, which has from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; z - an oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound selected from the following compounds: tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate, dimethyltetrahydrofuran, tetramethyltetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, 4-methyl-4-oxytetrahydropuran, and their mixtures and component (4), -And which is at least one of the hydrocarbons Ce- C1" is present in the mixture in such an amount that the volume ratio of components (B):((c)(a)) is in the range from 1:200 to 200:1. Me 2. The method according to item 1, which is characterized by the fact that the oxygen-containing component (c) and component (4) are first added to the ethanolic component (B), and then the mixture of components (c), (5) and (4) is added to hydrocarbon Component (a). ve C. The method according to item 1, which differs in that the ethanol component (B) is added to the hydrocarbon component (a), and then the oxygen-containing component (c) and component (4) are added to this mixture (B) and (a) . 4. The method according to one of the previous clauses, which is characterized by the fact that the hydrocarbon component C3-C42 (a) is selected from the group consisting of ordinary gasoline with an unchanged formula, hydrocarbon liquid, 5B obtained from petroleum distillation, hydrocarbon liquid obtained from natural gas, hydrocarbon liquid obtained from the accompanying gas of the chemical reduction coking process, hydrocarbon liquid obtained (F. after processing synthetic gas, or take a mixture of them, and preferably use ordinary gasoline with an unchanged formula. 5. The method according to one of the previous clauses, which differs in that the resulting fuel composition has the following characteristics: (Y) density at 152С according to AZTM 04052764, at least 690 kg/m; (ii) equivalent dry steam pressure according to ABTM O 5191 from 20 kPa to 120 kPa; (im) acid content, according to AZTM O 1613, no more than 0.195 by weight NAs; (M) pH according to ABTM O 1287 from 5 to 9; 65 (mi) the content of aromatic compounds according to 55 155120 is not higher than 4095 by volume, and the presence of benzene in them, according to EM 238, is not higher than 195 by volume; (my) sulfur content according to ATM O 5453 is not higher than 50 mg/kg; (my) resin content according to ABTM O 381 is not higher than 2 mg/100 ml; (C) distillation properties according to ABTM 086, at which the temperature of the beginning of boiling is at least 20 2С; the evaporated part at 702С - at least 2595 by volume; the evaporated part at 1002C is at least 5095 of the volume; the evaporated part at 15023 is at least 7595 of the volume; the evaporated part at 19022 is at least 9595 of the volume; the temperature at the end of boiling is not higher than 2052C; evaporation sediment no more than 295 by volume; and (xi) anti-knock factor of 0.5 (KOMAMOM), according to AZTM O 2699-86 and ATM O 2700-86, at least 80. b. A fuel composition based on C 3-C4o hydrocarbons for internal combustion engines with spark ignition, which contains from 0.195 to 2095 volume ethanol, no more than 0.2595 weight water, according to ABTM Yu 6304, and no more than 795 weight oxygen , according to AZTM O 4815, which has reduced vapor pressure and contains: (a) hydrocarbon C5-C.42 component; (B) fuel grade ethanol in the amount of 0.1-2095, better - 1-2095, preferably - 3-15956 and more preferably - 5-1090 75 volumes of the total volume of the fuel composition; (c) an oxygen-containing component containing at least one of the following compounds: an alkanol having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms; dialkyl ether having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; - a ketone having from 4 to 9 carbon atoms; - alkyl ester of alkanoic acid having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; - hydroxyketone having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms; - ketone complex ester of alkanoic acid having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; - an oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound selected from the following compounds: tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate, dimethyltetrahydrofuran, C tetramethyltetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydropuran, 4-methyl-4-oxytetrahydropuran, and their mixtures, named (5) oxygen-containing component (c) and present in an amount of 0, 05-15905 by volume, better - 0.1-1595 by volume, preferably - 3-1095 by volume and preferably - 5-1095 by volume from the full volume of the fuel composition; (4) at least one Se-C42 hydrocarbon, preferably a Сv-C44 hydrocarbon, is present in such an amount that the volume ratio of components (B): ((c) K(a)) is in the range from 1:200 to 200 :1. IF) 7. A mixture of ethanol of the fuel grade (B), an oxygen-containing component (c) and at least one of the C3-C42 hydrocarbons (a), which can be used according to the method according to claim 1 of the formula, where: the ethanol component (B) is present in an amount of 0, 5-99,595, better Ge) - from 9.5 to 9995, preferably - from 20 to 9595 and more preferably - from 25 to 9295 volumes from the full volume of the mixture; the oxygen-containing component (c) is selected from at least one of the following types of compounds: alkanol having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms; dialkyl ether having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; y- - a ketone having from 4 to 9 carbon atoms; - alkyl ester of alkanoic acid having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; hydroxyketone having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms; ketone ester of alkanoic acid having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; an oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound selected from the following compounds: tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate, dimethyltetrahydrofuran, tetramethyltetrahydrofuran, methyl-c tetrahydropuran, 4-methyl-4-oxytetrahydropuran, and their mixture, present in an amount of 0.05-99.5 9o, better - и from 0.5 to 90 95, preferably n - from 0.5 to 80 95 and more preferably - from З to 70 95 06U capacity from the full volume of the mixture; component (4) containing at least one Ce-C4 hydrocarbon, preferably a Sav-C44 hydrocarbon, is present in such an amount that the volume ratio of components (B):((c)K(a)) is within 1 :200 to 20021. and 8. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel grade ethanol contains at least 99.595 volume ethanol. Ф 9. The mixture according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the component (B) is a mixture of denatured ethanol, as supplied to the market, containing approximately 9295 vol. of ethanol, and the remaining component (B) up to 10095 - so hydrocarbons and related products. 50 of them 10. The mixture according to claim 7, which is characterized by the fact that component (4) is a separate aliphatic, saturated and unsaturated, or alicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbon or their mixtures, and /" or a hydrocarbon sl fraction with a boiling point of 100 -200 "C, obtained during the distillation of oil, coal tar, or products obtained during the processing of synthetic gas. 11. Application of the mixture according to claim 7 as motor fuel for modified internal combustion engines with 29 spark ignition. ГФ) 12. Application of the mixture according to claim 7 for obtaining gasoline fuel containing components (a)n(B)n(c)n(a) in conventional internal combustion engines with spark ignition and adjusting the octane number of such fuel to the desired value by adding an appropriate amount of the said mixture to ordinary gasoline fuel (a) until the vapor pressure of the thus obtained composition is at or below the vapor pressure of 60 of the gasoline component alone (a). 13. Use of the fuel composition according to item b to reduce fuel consumption compared to the corresponding gasoline-ethanol mixture containing components (a) and (B). 14. Use of the fuel composition according to point b to reduce the content of harmful substances in emissions compared to the gasoline-ethanol mixture containing components (a) (B). bo 15. Use of a fuel composition according to any of claims 13 and 14, the oxygen content of which does not exceed 790