US2104021A - Fuel - Google Patents

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US2104021A
US2104021A US17927A US1792735A US2104021A US 2104021 A US2104021 A US 2104021A US 17927 A US17927 A US 17927A US 1792735 A US1792735 A US 1792735A US 2104021 A US2104021 A US 2104021A
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alcohol
fuel
stabilizing agent
butyl
water
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Callis Conral Cleo
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel suitable for use higher saturated aliphatic alcohol containing in internal combustion engines. More particu-' larly it relates to a motor fuel containing a hydrocarbon composition and an alcohol, and in- 5 cludes correlated improvements and discoveries whereby the properties of such a motor fuel are enhanced.
  • a further object ofthe invention is to provide a motorfuel containing a hydrocarbon composition and an alcohol, which motor fuel has a relatively high tolerance as to water content.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide a motor fuel containing a hydrocarbon composition, an alcohol, and a stabilizing agent which increases the stability of the fuel.
  • a specific object of the invention is to provide a fuel for aviation motors containing an aviation naphtha, ethylfalcoh'ol, and a stabilizing agent, and which is characterized by its stability and lack of cloudiness at the temperature of Other objects of. the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.
  • the .invention accordingly comprises a motor 30-fuel possessing the characteristics, properties and thb relation of constituentswhich will be alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial.
  • the admixture of the hydrocarbon and the alcohol may be facilitated and the mixture stabilized by including in the fuel as a stabilizing agent therefor a saturated aliphatic ether containing .at' least five carbon atoms and an ether miscible mono-hydric alcohol having a. higher molecularweight than the alcohol admixed with the hydrocarbon in a quantity sullyclent to maintain a homogeneous mixture or blend at sub-zero temperatures.
  • Preparation 'of the fuel may be effected by a bringing together and admixture of the various desired ingredients, as a naphtha, ethyl alcohl, and a saturated aliphatic ether having at least iive carbon atoms,and a higher alcohol, preferably a higher molecular weight aliphatic alcohol, as butyl alcohol, and a cyclic alcohol, e. g., hexahydrophenol, fenchyl alcohol, etc., as a stabilizing agent.
  • the proportion in which the various constituents ofthe fuel may be present varies somewhat, and satisfactory results have been obtained when an alcohol in an amount of from to 34% by volume, a saturated aliphatic ether in an amount of from 2 to by volume, and a higher aliphatic alcohol in an amount from 2 to 12% by volume wereused.
  • the compositions thus obtained are characterized by having a cloud point lower than F., and by possessing. a relatively high tolerance with respect to water content. .As will be illustrated later a stabilized fuel may be produced in accordance with the invention which cont'ainsas much as 12% of water and which is stable at --20 F.
  • the quantity of stabilizing agent is that which is sufllcient to maintain a homogeneous mixture at sub-zero temperatures.
  • Hydrocarbon compositions which may be utilized in producing the motor fuel having a low cloud point include a gasoline, as casing head gasoline, straight run gasoline, cracked gasolines and admixtures thereof, a naphtha, as avia-.
  • hydrocarbon compositions may include lead tetra-ethyl, aniline, and other antidetonants if so desired without altering the influence and effects of the stabilizing agent having a higher alcohol content.
  • the hydrocarbon composition may contain benzol as a part thereof and its inclusion augmentsthe anti-knock characteristics or qualities of the fuel. Large quantities of benzo, however, will crystallize out at low temperatures, and hence are without the contemplation of the invention.
  • the stabilizing agent for the fuel may contain ethyl ether of ethylene glycol, butyl ether of ethylene glycol, ethyl ethenof diethylene glycol, butyl ether of diethylene glycol, other ethers as iso-propyl, normal butyl, iso-butyl, various amyls, forexample, iso-amyl, or a mixed ether, as phenyl ethyl ether.
  • saturatedalip'hatic ether containing at preferably used are the propyl, butyl and amyl a1 cohols.
  • various other alcohols containing up to ten carbon atoms may be utilized.
  • the fuel may contain the higher alcohols, in either the primary, secondary or tertiary form.
  • the primary and tertiary types are preferred and more specifically the iso-type of the primary.
  • the alcohols admixed with the hydrocarbon composition may be ethyl alcohol, either as 95% or absolute, iso-propyl alcohol and methyl alcohol. These various constituents may be employed either per se or in compatible admixtures.
  • Example 1 Percent Aviation naphtha 84 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 10 Butyl ether of ethylene glycol 2 Butyl alcohol 4
  • Example 2 Percent Gasoline Ethyl alcohol 9 Saturated aliphatic ether 2 Higher aliphatic alcohol 9
  • Example 3 Percent Gasoline 88 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 6 Butyl ether of ethylene glycol 4 Butyl alonhnl 2
  • Example 4 Percent Gasoline 44 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 34 Iso-amyl ether 10 Butyl alcohol 12 in producing the various mixes of a hydrocarbon.
  • a fuel containing 88% aviation naphtha, 10% absolute ethyl alcohol and 2% butyl ether of ethylene glycol has a water tolerance of about 2% at 20 F.
  • a similar fuel containing 4% butyl alcohol has a 1.5% water tolerance at 20 F.
  • a fuel which contains 2% butyl ether of ethylene glycol and 4% butyl alcohol gives a fuel having a 6% water tolerance at 20 F.
  • aliphatic alcohol as butyl ,alcohol, in combination, is not merely an additive one. If this were the case then the water tolerance should be only 3.5% instead of 6%. The last instance is that which is found in Example 1 above; and this fuel has been found to be stable at about '40 F. .A fuel produced in accordance with the foregoing pro cedures is characterized by being stable at a tem-.
  • the water'tolerance may be increased or decreased as desired, and such tolerance may be as high as 12% based on the alcohol present at a temperature of 20 F.
  • the variation in tolerance may be obtained by varying the amount of stabilizing agent and/or higher alcohol present. It has thus been found that a fuel may be produced which isstable at 20 F., and which will contain as much as 4 gallons of water per of having to make a forced landing is materially minimized inasmuch as accumulation of water in the fuel tanks and lines is in a large measure obviated. In addition, frosting is materially reduced and the formation of ice crystals inhibited.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a non-benzenoid petroleum distillate boiling within the gasoline range and a substantial quantity of a low molecular weight alcohol, and as a stabilizing agent therefor in a small 'quantity sufficient to maintain a homo geneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline miscible mono-hydric' alcohol having a higher molecular weight than the alcohol admixed, said fuel having a water tolerance of about 12%.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a non-benzenoid petroleum distillate boiling within the gasoline range and a substantial quantity of a low molecular weight alcohol, said alcohol containing a subatantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and
  • a stabilizing agent therefor, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline miscible mono-hydric alcohol having a higher molecular weight than the alcohol admixed, said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity sufficient (to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a non-benzenoid petroleum distillate boiling within the gasoline range and a. substantial quantity of ethyl alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline miscible mono-hydric alcohol having a higher molecular weight than the alcohol admixed, said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity sufllcient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub- 4.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a non-benzenoid petroleum distillate boiling within the gasoline range and a substantial quantity of ethyl alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor, a butyl ether of ethylene glycol and a butyl alcohol, said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity suiiicient to maintain a homogenequs admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a non-benzenoid petroleum distillate boiling within the gasoline range, ethyl alcohol to 34% by volume, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor butyl ether of ethylene glycol 2 to by volume and butyl alcohol 2 to 12% by volume, the quantity of said stabilizing agent being sufiicient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of an aviation naphtha and a substantial quantity of a low molecular weight alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%,-
  • a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline misciblemono-hydric alcohol having a higher molecular weight than the alcohol admixed said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity suillcient to maintain a. homogeneous admixture atsub-zero temperatures.
  • said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity suillcient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of an aviation naphtha and a substantial quantity of ethyl a1- cohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quan- 7.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of an aviation naphtha and ethyl alcohol about 10% by volume, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor butyl ether of ethylene glycol about 2% by volume and butyl alcohol about 4% by volume, the quantity of said stabilizing agent being sufficient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperaturea 10.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a gasoline and a substantial quantity of a low molecular weight alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline miscible mono-hydric alcohol having a higher molecular weight than the alcohol admixed, saldstabilizing agent being present in a small quantity sufficient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a gasoline and a substantial quantity of ethyl alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent a butyl ether of ethylene glycol and a butyl alcohol, saidstabilizing agent being present in a small quantity sufficient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
  • a liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a non-benzenoid'light liquid petroleum distillate and a substantial quantity of a low molecular weight alcohol, and as a stabilizing agent therefor in a small quantity suflicient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at subzero' temperatures, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline miscible mono-hydric alcohol having a high 'er molecular weight than the alcohol admixed,
  • said fuel having a water tolerance of about 12%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Description

I Patented 1.1.... 4, 1938 UNITED STATES FUEL I Com-a1 Cleo Callie, .Oakmont, Pa.
No Drawing. Application April 24', 1935, I
Serial No. 17,927
12 Claims. I
The invention relates to a fuel suitable for use higher saturated aliphatic alcohol containing in internal combustion engines. More particu-' larly it relates to a motor fuel containing a hydrocarbon composition and an alcohol, and in- 5 cludes correlated improvements and discoveries whereby the properties of such a motor fuel are enhanced.
It is an object of the invention to provide a fuel for internal combustion engines which will 10 not become cloudy at a low temperature, in which frosting during carburetion is obviated and formation of ice crystals inhibited.
A further object ofthe invention is to provide a motorfuel containing a hydrocarbon composition and an alcohol, which motor fuel has a relatively high tolerance as to water content.
An additional object of the invention is to provide a motor fuel containing a hydrocarbon composition, an alcohol, and a stabilizing agent which increases the stability of the fuel.
A specific object of the invention is to provide a fuel for aviation motors containing an aviation naphtha, ethylfalcoh'ol, and a stabilizing agent, and which is characterized by its stability and lack of cloudiness at the temperature of Other objects of. the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.
The .invention accordingly comprises a motor 30-fuel possessing the characteristics, properties and thb relation of constituentswhich will be alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial.
quantity of water. The admixture of the hydrocarbon and the alcohol may be facilitated and the mixture stabilized by including in the fuel as a stabilizing agent therefor a saturated aliphatic ether containing .at' least five carbon atoms and an ether miscible mono-hydric alcohol having a. higher molecularweight than the alcohol admixed with the hydrocarbon in a quantity sullyclent to maintain a homogeneous mixture or blend at sub-zero temperatures.
It has been found that the stability of the fuel and its tolerance relative to water content (cl. 44=-9) I is augmented by including in the admixture a not more than ten carbon atoms. Preparation 'of the fuel may be effected by a bringing together and admixture of the various desired ingredients, as a naphtha, ethyl alcohl, and a saturated aliphatic ether having at least iive carbon atoms,and a higher alcohol, preferably a higher molecular weight aliphatic alcohol, as butyl alcohol, and a cyclic alcohol, e. g., hexahydrophenol, fenchyl alcohol, etc., as a stabilizing agent. The proportion in which the various constituents ofthe fuel may be present varies somewhat, and satisfactory results have been obtained when an alcohol in an amount of from to 34% by volume, a saturated aliphatic ether in an amount of from 2 to by volume, and a higher aliphatic alcohol in an amount from 2 to 12% by volume wereused. The compositions thus obtained are characterized by having a cloud point lower than F., and by possessing. a relatively high tolerance with respect to water content. .As will be illustrated later a stabilized fuel may be produced in accordance with the invention which cont'ainsas much as 12% of water and which is stable at --20 F. The quantity of stabilizing agent is that which is sufllcient to maintain a homogeneous mixture at sub-zero temperatures.
Hydrocarbon compositions which may be utilized in producing the motor fuel having a low cloud point include a gasoline, as casing head gasoline, straight run gasoline, cracked gasolines and admixtures thereof, a naphtha, as avia-.
tion naphtha, and other fuels, as iso-octaine fuels. These various hydrocarbon compositions may include lead tetra-ethyl, aniline, and other antidetonants if so desired without altering the influence and effects of the stabilizing agent having a higher alcohol content. .Further, the hydrocarbon composition may contain benzol as a part thereof and its inclusion augmentsthe anti-knock characteristics or qualities of the fuel. Large quantities of benzo, however, will crystallize out at low temperatures, and hence are without the contemplation of the invention.
The stabilizing agent for the fuel may contain ethyl ether of ethylene glycol, butyl ether of ethylene glycol, ethyl ethenof diethylene glycol, butyl ether of diethylene glycol, other ethers as iso-propyl, normal butyl, iso-butyl, various amyls, forexample, iso-amyl, or a mixed ether, as phenyl ethyl ether. It will be understood that the expression saturatedalip'hatic ether containing at preferably used are the propyl, butyl and amyl a1 cohols. However, various other alcohols containing up to ten carbon atoms may be utilized. The fuel may contain the higher alcohols, in either the primary, secondary or tertiary form. The primary and tertiary types are preferred and more specifically the iso-type of the primary. The alcohols admixed with the hydrocarbon composition may be ethyl alcohol, either as 95% or absolute, iso-propyl alcohol and methyl alcohol. These various constituents may be employed either per se or in compatible admixtures.
As illustrative embodiments of a manner in which the invention may be carried out in practice, the following examples are presented. The percentages are by volume:
Example 1 Percent Aviation naphtha 84 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 10 Butyl ether of ethylene glycol 2 Butyl alcohol 4 Example 2 Percent Gasoline Ethyl alcohol 9 Saturated aliphatic ether 2 Higher aliphatic alcohol 9 Example 3 Percent Gasoline 88 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 6 Butyl ether of ethylene glycol 4 Butyl alonhnl 2 Example 4 Percent Gasoline 44 Ethyl alcohol (95%) 34 Iso-amyl ether 10 Butyl alcohol 12 in producing the various mixes of a hydrocarbon. I
composition, as gasoline, with alcohol containing a relatively small amount of a stabilizing agent, the water tolerance of the fuel is decidedly increased and beyond that which is the normal expectation. This unexpected result appears to be due to a coupling action which occurs in the I stabilizing agent-higher alcohol mixture, and is illustrated by the following examples. A fuel containing 88% aviation naphtha, 10% absolute ethyl alcohol and 2% butyl ether of ethylene glycol has a water tolerance of about 2% at 20 F., whereas a similar fuel containing 4% butyl alcohol has a 1.5% water tolerance at 20 F., and a fuel which contains 2% butyl ether of ethylene glycol and 4% butyl alcohol gives a fuel having a 6% water tolerance at 20 F.
It is clearly indicated by these results that the effect produced by including a stabilizing agent,
as butylether of ethylene glycol and a higher,
aliphatic alcohol, as butyl ,alcohol, in combination, is not merely an additive one. If this were the case then the water tolerance should be only 3.5% instead of 6%. The last instance is that which is found in Example 1 above; and this fuel has been found to be stable at about '40 F. .A fuel produced in accordance with the foregoing pro cedures is characterized by being stable at a tem-.
perature of 20 F., i. e., it does not separate into layers at this temperature, nor is there any apparent clouding. The water'tolerance may be increased or decreased as desired, and such tolerance may be as high as 12% based on the alcohol present at a temperature of 20 F. The variation in tolerance may be obtained by varying the amount of stabilizing agent and/or higher alcohol present. It has thus been found that a fuel may be produced which isstable at 20 F., and which will contain as much as 4 gallons of water per of having to make a forced landing is materially minimized inasmuch as accumulation of water in the fuel tanks and lines is in a large measure obviated. In addition, frosting is materially reduced and the formation of ice crystals inhibited.
. Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a non-benzenoid petroleum distillate boiling within the gasoline range and a substantial quantity of a low molecular weight alcohol, and as a stabilizing agent therefor in a small 'quantity sufficient to maintain a homo geneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline miscible mono-hydric' alcohol having a higher molecular weight than the alcohol admixed, said fuel having a water tolerance of about 12%.
2. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion enginescomprising a mixture of a non-benzenoid petroleum distillate boiling within the gasoline range and a substantial quantity of a low molecular weight alcohol, said alcohol containing a subatantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and
as a stabilizing agent therefor, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline miscible mono-hydric alcohol having a higher molecular weight than the alcohol admixed, said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity sufficient (to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
3. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a non-benzenoid petroleum distillate boiling within the gasoline range and a. substantial quantity of ethyl alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline miscible mono-hydric alcohol having a higher molecular weight than the alcohol admixed, said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity sufllcient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub- 4. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a non-benzenoid petroleum distillate boiling within the gasoline range and a substantial quantity of ethyl alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor, a butyl ether of ethylene glycol and a butyl alcohol, said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity suiiicient to maintain a homogenequs admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
5. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a non-benzenoid petroleum distillate boiling within the gasoline range, ethyl alcohol to 34% by volume, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor butyl ether of ethylene glycol 2 to by volume and butyl alcohol 2 to 12% by volume, the quantity of said stabilizing agent being sufiicient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
6. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of an aviation naphtha and a substantial quantity of a low molecular weight alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%,-
and as a stabilizing agent therefor, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline misciblemono-hydric alcohol having a higher molecular weight than the alcohol admixed, said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity suillcient to maintain a. homogeneous admixture atsub-zero temperatures.
said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity suillcient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
8. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of an aviation naphtha and a substantial quantity of ethyl a1- cohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quan- 7. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion tity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor, a butyl ether of ethylene I glycol and a butyl alcohol, said stabilizing agent being present in a small quantity sufficient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
9. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of an aviation naphtha and ethyl alcohol about 10% by volume, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor butyl ether of ethylene glycol about 2% by volume and butyl alcohol about 4% by volume, the quantity of said stabilizing agent being sufficient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperaturea 10. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a gasoline and a substantial quantity of a low molecular weight alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent therefor, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline miscible mono-hydric alcohol having a higher molecular weight than the alcohol admixed, saldstabilizing agent being present in a small quantity sufficient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
11. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a mixture of a gasoline and a substantial quantity of ethyl alcohol, said alcohol containing a substantial quantity of water up to about 12%, and as a stabilizing agent a butyl ether of ethylene glycol and a butyl alcohol, saidstabilizing agent being present in a small quantity sufficient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at sub-zero temperatures.
12. A liquid motor fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a non-benzenoid'light liquid petroleum distillate and a substantial quantity of a low molecular weight alcohol, and as a stabilizing agent therefor in a small quantity suflicient to maintain a homogeneous admixture at subzero' temperatures, a saturated aliphatic ether containing at least five carbon atoms and a gasoline miscible mono-hydric alcohol having a high 'er molecular weight than the alcohol admixed,
said fuel having a water tolerance of about 12%.
CONRAL CLEO CALLIS.
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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2807526A (en) * 1950-10-04 1957-09-24 Standard Oil Co Additive for motor fuels and fuel compositions containing the same
US2807525A (en) * 1950-10-04 1957-09-24 Standard Oil Co Additive for motor fuels
US2840461A (en) * 1954-12-06 1958-06-24 Exxon Research Engineering Co Dialkyl alkanol amines as anti-stalling additives
US2850368A (en) * 1955-04-27 1958-09-02 Exxon Research Engineering Co Gasoline compositions
US2929695A (en) * 1954-09-27 1960-03-22 Standard Oil Co Boric acid-diol-alcohol additive and liquid leaded motor fuel containing same
US2936223A (en) * 1957-06-12 1960-05-10 Exxon Research Engineering Co Motor fuel
US3032971A (en) * 1961-10-20 1962-05-08 Phillips Petroleum Co Mixtures of acyclic polyhydroxy alcohols and glycol ethers as anti-icing additives for hydrocarbon fuels
US3061420A (en) * 1955-02-11 1962-10-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Motor fuel
US3157477A (en) * 1961-10-03 1964-11-17 Standard Oil Co Nu-acylated aminohydroxy compound as a multi-functional gasoline additive
US3391077A (en) * 1965-04-28 1968-07-02 Osborne Carl Raymond Method for improving the combustion characteristics of gasoline
US3658495A (en) * 1968-08-05 1972-04-25 Lubrizol Corp Fuel compositions comprising a combination of oxy compounds and ashless dispersants
US3658494A (en) * 1969-01-21 1972-04-25 Lubrizol Corp Fuel compositions comprising a combination of monoether and ashless dispersants
US3873279A (en) * 1972-08-11 1975-03-25 Ici Ltd Method for the control of micro-organisms
US3877890A (en) * 1972-08-11 1975-04-15 Ici Ltd Biocide
EP0049995B1 (en) * 1980-10-10 1984-09-12 Zimmer Aktiengesellschaft Gasoline composition and method for its preparation
US4541836A (en) * 1982-12-09 1985-09-17 Union Carbide Corporation Fuel compositions
DE3523636A1 (en) * 1984-07-03 1986-01-09 Elf France S.A., Courbevoie METHOD FOR PRODUCING HOMOGENEOUS FUEL COMPOSITIONS WITH A PETROLEUM PART AND AT LEAST ONE SHORT-CHAIN ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL, AND COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED THEREOF
US5697987A (en) * 1996-05-10 1997-12-16 The Trustees Of Princeton University Alternative fuel
WO2001053437A1 (en) * 2000-01-24 2001-07-26 Golubkov Angelica Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
US20030154649A1 (en) * 2000-01-24 2003-08-21 Angelica Hull Method of reducing the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
US20060137243A1 (en) * 2002-12-24 2006-06-29 Takashi Tsuchida Liquid fuel for internal combustion engine
US20090107035A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-04-30 Syn-Tech Fine Chemicals Company Limited Highly effective fuel additives for igniting internal combustion engines, diesel engines and jet propulsion engines
EP3147343A1 (en) 2015-09-23 2017-03-29 Yashentech Corporation Diesel fuel compositions

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2807525A (en) * 1950-10-04 1957-09-24 Standard Oil Co Additive for motor fuels
US2807526A (en) * 1950-10-04 1957-09-24 Standard Oil Co Additive for motor fuels and fuel compositions containing the same
US2929695A (en) * 1954-09-27 1960-03-22 Standard Oil Co Boric acid-diol-alcohol additive and liquid leaded motor fuel containing same
US2840461A (en) * 1954-12-06 1958-06-24 Exxon Research Engineering Co Dialkyl alkanol amines as anti-stalling additives
US3061420A (en) * 1955-02-11 1962-10-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Motor fuel
US2850368A (en) * 1955-04-27 1958-09-02 Exxon Research Engineering Co Gasoline compositions
US2936223A (en) * 1957-06-12 1960-05-10 Exxon Research Engineering Co Motor fuel
US3157477A (en) * 1961-10-03 1964-11-17 Standard Oil Co Nu-acylated aminohydroxy compound as a multi-functional gasoline additive
US3032971A (en) * 1961-10-20 1962-05-08 Phillips Petroleum Co Mixtures of acyclic polyhydroxy alcohols and glycol ethers as anti-icing additives for hydrocarbon fuels
US3391077A (en) * 1965-04-28 1968-07-02 Osborne Carl Raymond Method for improving the combustion characteristics of gasoline
US3658495A (en) * 1968-08-05 1972-04-25 Lubrizol Corp Fuel compositions comprising a combination of oxy compounds and ashless dispersants
US3658494A (en) * 1969-01-21 1972-04-25 Lubrizol Corp Fuel compositions comprising a combination of monoether and ashless dispersants
US3873279A (en) * 1972-08-11 1975-03-25 Ici Ltd Method for the control of micro-organisms
US3877890A (en) * 1972-08-11 1975-04-15 Ici Ltd Biocide
EP0049995B1 (en) * 1980-10-10 1984-09-12 Zimmer Aktiengesellschaft Gasoline composition and method for its preparation
US4541836A (en) * 1982-12-09 1985-09-17 Union Carbide Corporation Fuel compositions
DE3523636A1 (en) * 1984-07-03 1986-01-09 Elf France S.A., Courbevoie METHOD FOR PRODUCING HOMOGENEOUS FUEL COMPOSITIONS WITH A PETROLEUM PART AND AT LEAST ONE SHORT-CHAIN ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL, AND COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED THEREOF
US4610696A (en) * 1984-07-03 1986-09-09 Elf France Process for the formation of homogeneous fuel compositions containing a petroleum cut and at least one short chain aliphatic alcohol and compositions thereby obtained
US6712866B2 (en) 1996-05-10 2004-03-30 Stephen Paul Alternative fuel
US5697987A (en) * 1996-05-10 1997-12-16 The Trustees Of Princeton University Alternative fuel
US6309430B1 (en) 1996-05-10 2001-10-30 The Trustees Of Princeton University Alternative fuel
US20040123516A1 (en) * 2000-01-24 2004-07-01 Angelica Hull Method for making a fuel for a modified spark ignition combustion engine, a fuel for a modified spark ignition combustion engine and a fuel additive for a conventional spark ignition combustion engine
US20030154649A1 (en) * 2000-01-24 2003-08-21 Angelica Hull Method of reducing the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
WO2001053437A1 (en) * 2000-01-24 2001-07-26 Golubkov Angelica Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
US6761745B2 (en) 2000-01-24 2004-07-13 Angelica Hull Method of reducing the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
US7323020B2 (en) 2000-01-24 2008-01-29 Angelica Hull Method for making a fuel for a modified spark ignition combustion engine, a fuel for a modified spark ignition combustion engine and a fuel additive for a conventional spark ignition combustion engine
HRP20020670B1 (en) * 2000-01-24 2010-05-31 Hull Angelica Method of reducing the vapour pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines
US20060137243A1 (en) * 2002-12-24 2006-06-29 Takashi Tsuchida Liquid fuel for internal combustion engine
US20090107035A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-04-30 Syn-Tech Fine Chemicals Company Limited Highly effective fuel additives for igniting internal combustion engines, diesel engines and jet propulsion engines
US7828862B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2010-11-09 Syn-Tech Fine Chemicals Company Limited Highly effective fuel additives for igniting internal combustion engines, diesel engines and jet propulsion engines
EP3147343A1 (en) 2015-09-23 2017-03-29 Yashentech Corporation Diesel fuel compositions
US9982208B2 (en) 2015-09-23 2018-05-29 Yashentech Corporation Diesel fuel compositions

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