WO2001028072A1 - Compresseur - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- WO2001028072A1 WO2001028072A1 PCT/JP2000/007097 JP0007097W WO0128072A1 WO 2001028072 A1 WO2001028072 A1 WO 2001028072A1 JP 0007097 W JP0007097 W JP 0007097W WO 0128072 A1 WO0128072 A1 WO 0128072A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- motor
- brushless
- rotor
- compressor
- magnet
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
- F04B39/121—Casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/06—Control using electricity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P31/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors not provided for in groups H02P1/00 - H02P5/00, H02P7/00 or H02P21/00 - H02P29/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2210/00—Working fluid
- F05B2210/10—Kind or type
- F05B2210/14—Refrigerants with particular properties, e.g. HFC-134a
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
- H02K9/20—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil wherein the cooling medium vaporises within the machine casing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compressor, and more particularly, to a compressor using a brushless DC motor as a driving source.
- a compressor using a brushless DC motor as a driving source.
- high efficiency and high heating capacity are desired.
- R2 2 (GWP coefficient: 1500), R410A (GWP coefficient: 1703), R407C (GWP coefficient: 1503), etc. was used as a refrigerant.
- these have a GWP coefficient exceeding 100, which is disadvantageous in promoting global warming prevention.
- Ammonia (GWP coefficient: 0), propa (GWP coefficient: 3), etc. have been put into practical use as refrigerants having a small GWP coefficient.
- ammonia is toxic and propane is highly flammable. It can be used only in places where it has not been, and is not suitable as a refrigerant for general air conditioning equipment.
- R32 (GWP coefficient: 650) has attracted attention as a low GWP, non-toxic and non-flammable refrigerant.
- the compressor discharge temperature is higher than when R22, R410A, and R407C are used as the refrigerant. (Specifically, when the compressor efficiency is the same, the compressor discharge temperature becomes 19 ° C higher than that of R22), and the compressor efficiency is reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and a compressor that uses a GWP and a highly safe refrigerant, and that can achieve high efficiency and suppression of an increase in compressor discharge temperature. It is intended to provide DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
- the compressor according to claim 1 uses, as the refrigerant, R32 alone or R32-rich mixed refrigerant in which R32 exceeds 50% and the discharge temperature is higher than R22. It uses a brushless DC motor as the drive source.
- the compressor according to claim 2 employs a brushless DC motor including a rotor having a ferrite magnet.
- the compressor according to claim 3 employs a brushless DC motor including a rotor having a rare earth magnet.
- the compressor according to claim 6, wherein the rare-earth magnet is 1.03 times the thickness of the permanent magnet when R22, R410A or R407C is employed as the refrigerant. The one having the above thickness is adopted.
- the J coercive force of the permanent magnet when using 410 A or R 407 C is set to 1, R 32 alone or R 32 exceeds 50% and the discharge temperature
- the J coercive force which is determined in consideration of the discharge temperature ratio between the R32 rich mixture refrigerant higher than R22 and R22, is set to be larger than 1.
- the compressor according to claim 8 employs, as the rare earth magnet, one having a coercive force set to 23 MOe or more.
- the compressor according to claim 9 further includes brushless DC motor control means for driving the brushless DC motor by advancing the motor drive current phase beyond the motor induced voltage phase.
- the compressor according to claim 10 further includes an inverter for driving a brushless DC motor, and sets the motor terminal voltage at the maximum rotation speed to be equal to or higher than the inverter output voltage.
- the compressor according to claim 11 employs, as the brushless DC motor, one having a rotor having a permanent magnet embedded therein.
- the compressor according to claim 12 wherein the brushless DC motor has a rotor having a rare-earth permanent magnet embedded therein, and the diameter of the rotor is D (m).
- L (m) the length of, the rare earth permanent magnet thickness - when the set to Wm (m), set the Wm / (D 1 3 XL) > 0. 1 1 urchin thickness of the rare earth permanent magnet by satisfying the It was done.
- the motor drive current phase is set based on the motor induced voltage phase.
- the brushless DC motor further includes a brushless DC motor control means for driving the brushless DC motor.
- the brushless DC motor employs a rotor having a permanent magnet embedded therein, and further includes an inverter for driving the brushless DC motor, and a motor having a maximum rotation speed.
- the terminal voltage is set to be higher than the inverter output voltage.
- the compressor according to claim 16 further comprises an inverter for driving the brushless DC motor, and a rotational position sensorless detecting means for detecting the rotational position of the rotor of the brushless DC motor based on the induced voltage of the brushless DC motor.
- an inverter that operates based on the rotational position of the rotor detected by the rotational position sensorless detecting means is employed as the inverter.
- a compressor according to claim 17 is an inverter for driving a brushless DC motor, and a rotation position sensorless detecting means for detecting a rotation position of a rotor of the brushless DC motor based on a neutral point signal of the brushless DC motor. And an inverter that operates based on the rotational position of the rotor detected by the rotational position sensorless detecting means is adopted as the inverter.
- the compressor according to claim 18 is configured such that the brushless DC motor is rotated by performing a predetermined operation using an inverter that drives a brushless DC motor, and a stator applied voltage, a motor current, and a device constant of the brushless DC motor.
- a rotational position sensorless detecting means for detecting the rotational position of the rotor.
- an inverter that operates based on the rotational position of the rotor detected by the rotational position sensorless detecting means is employed as the inverter.
- R32 alone, or R32 or R32 mixed refrigerant having a discharge temperature higher than R22 with L or R32 exceeding 50% is used as the refrigerant.
- a brushless DC motor is used as a drive source, the use of the above refrigerant causes a decrease in compressor efficiency and a rise in compressor discharge temperature (a rise in the temperature of the compressor ⁇ section).
- the high efficiency of the brushless DC motor makes it possible to realize a high-efficiency compressor by compensating for the decrease in compressor efficiency, and by adopting a brushless DC motor. The loss at the drive source can be reduced and the rise in compressor discharge temperature can be suppressed.
- the brushless DC motor including a rotor having a rare-earth magnet is adopted as the brushless DC motor, the magnetic force of the rare-earth magnet is increased in addition to the operation of claim 1. Due to the large size, the field of the motor can be increased, and the motor current can be reduced, thereby further improving the compressor efficiency and further reducing the rise in compressor discharge temperature. 5 you can achieve.
- R 2 is used as the rare earth magnet as a refrigerant and R 2 as a refrigerant. 2.Since a permanent magnet with a thickness greater than the thickness of the permanent magnet when R410A or R407C is adopted is adopted, in addition to the operation of claim 3, the permanent magnet To be strong, and thus to high temperature demagnetization.
- R 2 is used as the refrigerant as the rare earth magnet and as the refrigerant.
- R32 alone or R32 exceeds 50% and discharge temperature rises. Since a refrigerant having a thickness determined in consideration of a discharge temperature ratio between the R32 rich mixture refrigerant and R22 higher than R22 is adopted, in addition to the effect of claim 3, And can be made strong against high temperature demagnetization.
- the thickness of the permanent magnet is 1.0 when R22, R410A, or R407C is used as the refrigerant as the rare-earth magnet. Since a material having a thickness of three times or more is adopted, in addition to the effect of claim 3, it is possible to increase the strength with respect to the demagnetizing field and, as a result, withstand the high temperature magnetization.
- the J coercive force of the permanent magnet when R22, R410A or R407C is used as the refrigerant as the rare earth magnet is 1
- R32 alone or R32 exceeds 50% and the discharge temperature is higher than R22 the discharge temperature ratio between the R32 rich mixture refrigerant and R22 is increased. Since the coercive force determined by taking into consideration the J coercive force is set to be larger than 1, in addition to the effect of claim 3, it can be made strong against the demagnetizing field, and also strong against high temperature demagnetization can do.
- the compressor according to claim 9 further includes brushless DC motor control means for driving the brushless DC motor by advancing the motor drive current phase beyond the motor induced voltage phase.
- the motor voltage can be controlled to be equal to or less than the inverter voltage, and the motor operation range can be extended.
- the compressor according to claim 10 further includes an inverter for driving a brushless DC motor, and sets the motor terminal voltage at the maximum rotation speed to be equal to or higher than the inverter output voltage.
- the motor voltage can be controlled to be equal to or lower than the inverter voltage, and the motor operating range can be extended.
- the brushless DC motor since the brushless DC motor has a rotor having a permanent magnet embedded therein, the brushless DC motor according to any one of claims 2 to 8
- a protective tube made of a non-magnetic material for preventing the scattering of magnets is not required, the air gap between the rotor and the stator can be reduced, and the permeance of the magnet operating point can be improved.
- the demagnetizing field from the stator can be dispersed so as to be strong against demagnetization, and as a result, can be strong against demagnetization at high temperatures.
- the brushless DC motor has a rotor having a rare-earth permanent magnet embedded therein, and the diameter of the rotor is D (m ), The rotor length is L (m), and the thickness of the rare earth permanent magnet is W m (m), so that W m / 7 (D 13 XL) ⁇ 0.11 is satisfied. Since the thickness of the permanent magnet is set, it is possible to prevent magnet demagnetization from occurring in addition to the effect of any one of claims 3 to 8.
- the motor drive current phase is changed to the motor induced voltage. Since the brushless DC motor control means for driving the brushless DC motor by moving ahead of the phase is further included, the torque of the magnet and the reluctance torque can be used in combination with the operation of claim 11, and High efficiency operation with a large Z current ratio can be achieved. In addition, the operating range can be expanded by utilizing the weak magnetic flux effect.
- a rotor having a permanent magnet embedded inside and a magnet tonnolec and a reluctance torque are used in combination. Therefore, in addition to the effect of any of claims 2 to 8, it is possible to reduce high-temperature loss and achieve high-efficiency operation in which the torque Z current ratio increases.
- the brushless DC motor has a rotor having a permanent magnet embedded therein, and further includes an inverter for driving the brushless DC motor. Since the motor terminal voltage of the rotation speed is set to be equal to or higher than the inverter output voltage, in addition to the operation of any one of claims 2 to 8, the motor is driven at the rotation speed at which the motor terminal voltage becomes the inverter output voltage. An operation that advances the current phase from the induced voltage to weaken the magnet magnetic flux can be performed to increase the number of revolutions while keeping the voltage constant, and the motor operating limit temperature can be improved by reducing the motor current.
- the inexpensive and highly reliable detection of the rotational position of the rotor has been achieved, and stable Can drive DC motors.
- an inverter for driving a brushless DC motor and a rotational position sensorless for detecting a rotational position of a rotor of the brushless DC motor based on a neutral point signal of the brushless DC motor.
- Claim 1 to Claim 1 further comprising a detection-detecting means, and adopting an inverter which operates based on the rotational position of the rotor detected by the rotational position sensorless detecting means as an inverter.
- a brushless DC motor is driven by a brushless DC motor, and the brushless DC motor is subjected to a predetermined calculation using a stator applied voltage, a motor current, and a device constant of the brushless DC motor.
- a rotation position sensorless detection means for detecting the rotation position of the rotor of the DC motor is further provided, and the inverter operates as an inverter based on the rotation position of the rotor detected by the rotation position sensorless detection means.
- the rotation position of the rotor can be detected without using the motor induced voltage, and the motor output It is not affected by the energization period for applying the voltage, and the controllable zero output voltage phase range can be extended.
- the brushless DC motor is driven based on the voltage type inverter driving the brushless DC motor, the inductance obtained from the harmonic current generated by the voltage type inverter, and the saliency of the rotor.
- a rotation position sensorless detection means for detecting the rotation position of the trochanter is further included, and an inverter that operates based on the rotation position of the rotator detected by the rotation position sensorless detection means is adopted as an inverter. From In addition to the effects of any one of the above items 1 to 15, the rotation position of the rotor can be detected without using the motor induced voltage, and the effect of the power supply period during which the inverter output voltage is applied to the motor. And the controllable output voltage phase range can be extended.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of the compressor of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view showing a configuration of a motor section of the compressor of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a refrigerant flow and temperature distribution factors in the compressor of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing motor efficiency and motor loss corresponding to the number of rotations of the induction motor and the brushless DC motor.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing characteristics of a ferrite magnet.
- Fig. 6 shows the characteristics of rare earth magnets.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the high-temperature magnetic force reduction rate of the ferrite magnet and the rare earth magnet.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing motor efficiency and motor loss corresponding to the number of rotations of a brushless DC motor using a ferrite magnet and a brushless DC motor using a rare-earth magnet.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing high-temperature demagnetization characteristics of rare earth magnets.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a compressor discharge temperature ratio corresponding to a magnet thickness ratio.
- Figure 1-1 shows the compressor discharge temperature ratio corresponding to the magnet coercive force ratio.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a compressor discharge temperature ratio corresponding to a magnet coercive force.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the operating range of the brushless DC motor when the phase advance control is not performed, when the phase advance control is not performed, and when the magnet magnetic flux is changed, and when the phase advance control is performed.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the motor terminal voltage corresponding to the rotation speed when the phase advance control is performed.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a motor drive current corresponding to the number of rotations when the phase advance control is performed.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing an interior magnet structure motor.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a demagnetizing field corresponding to the structure of the rotor.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a magnet thickness coefficient corresponding to a motor output.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing motor torque corresponding to the current phase.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a loss increase rate corresponding to the motor temperature.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing motor terminal voltages corresponding to rotation speeds of a surface magnet structure motor and an embedded magnet structure motor.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the motor torque of the surface magnet structure motor and the embedded magnet structure motor corresponding to the rotation speed.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing motor drive currents corresponding to the rotation speeds of the surface magnet structure motor and the embedded magnet structure motor.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing an example of a sensorless position signal circuit.
- FIG. 25 is an electric circuit diagram showing an example of a sensorless position signal circuit for detecting a rotational position of a rotor using a motor neutral point signal.
- Fig. 26 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the speed control system for calculating the rotational position of the rotor by performing a predetermined calculation using the stator applied voltage, motor drive current, and device constants of the brushless DC motor. It is.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an analysis model of a brushless DC motor.
- FIG. 28 shows an inverter calculated from the harmonic current generated by the voltage type inverter.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a system for calculating a rotational position of a rotor by performing an operation from a ductance and saliency of the rotor.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of the compressor of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view showing the structure of a motor section of the compressor.
- a bottom casing 1b is integrally provided at the bottom of a cylindrical main casing 1a, and a top casing 1c is integrally provided at an upper portion to form a closed casing 1.
- the brushless DC motor 2 and the compressor body 3 are provided concentrically inside the hermetic casing 1.
- a suction roller member 5Id is provided at a predetermined position of the main casing 1a, and a discharge roller member 1e is provided at a predetermined position of the top casing 1c.
- R32-rich mixed refrigerant R32 / 125 (R32 is 0.70% or more), R32Zl34a (R32 F.
- the discharge temperature is about 10 ⁇ higher than R22, such as mosquitoes 50% or more), R32 knuckle pan (R32 is 80% or more), and the like.
- the brushless DC motor 2 has a stator winding 2b, a stator 2a fixed to the main gating 1a, and a permanent magnet 2e on the surface of the rotor core 2d. It has a magnet scattering prevention pipe 2f for preventing the magnet 2e from scattering, and is rotatably provided inside the stator 2a. Rotor 2c. Note that such a brushless DC motor is called a surface magnet structure motor.
- the compressor body 3 includes a cylinder 3a that forms an internal space 3b that functions as a compression chamber, a front head 3c that axially sandwiches the cylinder 3a, and a rear head. 3d, a single-piece piston 3e provided in the internal space 3b, and a crank which is fitted with the single-piece piston 3e to achieve connection with the rotor 2c. Axis 3f.
- the cylinder 3a and the main casing 1a are connected by spot welding or the like.
- 3 g is a connecting bolt that integrates the cylinder 3 a, the front head 3 c, and the rear head 3 d.
- the suction roller member 1d is provided to penetrate the main casing 1a so as to face the cylinder 3a, and is communicated with a through hole 3h penetrating the side wall of the cylinder 3a. .
- the efficiency of the compressor is reduced due to the use of the refrigerant, but the efficiency of the brushless DC motor increases. It is possible to realize a highly efficient compressor that compensates for the reduced efficiency.
- the use of the refrigerant causes an increase in the compressor discharge temperature.However, by using a highly efficient brushless DC motor, loss in the motor can be reduced, and the compressor discharge temperature can be reduced. The rise of the outlet temperature can be reduced.
- the compressor is not limited to a compressor having a rotary type mechanism. I will explain further.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the flow of the refrigerant in the compressor of FIG. 1 (see the dashed arrow in FIG. 3) and the temperature distribution factor (see the solid arrow in FIG. 3).
- the high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compression As shown by the dashed arrow in FIG. 3, the heat generated by the loss of the motor part is added and flows to the discharge member 1e. In the meantime, the temperature of the refrigerant decreases, though slightly, due to heat release ATcl and ATc2 from the casing. That is, if the discharge temperature from the compressor body is T p and the temperature rise due to motor loss / loss is ⁇ Tm, the refrigerant temperature near the rotor is T p— ⁇ T c 1 + ⁇ ⁇ , The refrigerant temperature becomes ⁇ ⁇ -room Tc 1 + ⁇ Tm-room Tc 2. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce ⁇ Tm to suppress the rise in compressor discharge temperature.
- Fig. 4 (A) brushless DC motors are more efficient than induction motors, and as shown in Fig. 4 (B), the loss in the motor section is greatly improved. Is done. Therefore, by employing a brushless DC motor, ⁇ ⁇ can be significantly reduced, and the inside of the compressor does not need to be heated to an unnecessarily high temperature. As a result, by employing a brushless DC motor, the temperature at the compressor head can be reduced, and reliability can be improved.
- a ferrite magnet as the permanent magnet attached to the rotor of the brushless DC motor which is the drive source of the compressor of the above embodiment.
- this ferrite magnet does not suffer from permanent demagnetization at high temperatures because the coercive force increases as the temperature increases (however, no more than one point).
- the performance of the compressor can be maintained even when the temperature inside the compressor increases.
- the rare earth magnets are Nd—B—Fe and Sm — Examples include CO-based magnets, which may be sintered magnets or bond magnets.
- this rare-earth magnet has several times the magnetic force compared to the ferrite magnet, so when used in a brushless DC motor, the field of the motor is It can be larger than the magnet.
- the generated torque of the motor is determined by (motor current) X (field by magnet), the motor current can be reduced by increasing the field.
- a rare-earth magnet has a smaller decrease in magnetic force than a ferrite magnet, so that a decrease in the motor current is reduced even at a high temperature.
- the thickness of the permanent magnet made of a rare earth magnet be larger than the thickness of the permanent magnet when R22, R410A or R407C is used as the refrigerant. , 1.0 or more times is preferable.
- the thickness of the permanent magnet made of a rare-earth magnet is R22, R410A or R407C as the refrigerant
- R 3 2 alone or R32 exceeds 50% and discharge temperature is higher than R2 2.
- the high-temperature demagnetization of the rare-earth magnet is determined by the magnet material, the permeance coefficient (P c) of the magnet alone, and the demagnetizing field due to the motor winding current. Therefore, to improve the high-temperature demagnetization characteristics of a motor with a fixed magnet material, surface area and motor current, that is, a motor with a fixed motor output, the permeance of the magnet itself must be increased by increasing the magnet thickness. It can be strong against demagnetizing fields where the coefficient increases, and can also be strong against high temperature demagnetization (see Fig. 10).
- the J coercive force of the permanent magnet in the case of using R22, R410A or R407C as the refrigerant as the permanent magnet consisting of the rare earth magnet was set to 1.
- the J coercive force of the magnet determined from the discharge temperature ratio between R32 rich mixture refrigerant and R22 is 1 It is better to adopt a larger one. It is also preferable to set the J coercive force (Hcj) to 23 kOe (183 kAZm) or more.
- the J coercive force is a J-H demagnetization curve corresponding to zero magnetic polarization, the symbol is H ej, and the unit is ampere per meter (AZm) (see JIS Handbook) .
- AZm ampere per meter
- the motor terminal voltage increases in proportion to the rotation speed. Then, operation cannot be performed at a rotation speed at which the motor terminal voltage becomes higher than the inverter output voltage.
- the motor drive current is not advanced with respect to the phase of the motor induced voltage (no phase advance). Some measure is needed because the range is not satisfied. In the past, in order to satisfy the operating range, it was necessary to change the magnetic flux of the magnet (in this case, reduce the magnetic flux), and reduce the motor windings to lower the motor terminal voltage (No. 1). (See b in Fig. 3 and b in Fig. 14). If such measures are taken, the motor current will increase significantly, especially when the magnet flux is reduced (see b in Fig. 15).
- the brushless DC motor is driven to advance the phase of the motor drive current beyond the phase of the motor induced voltage, the motor terminal voltage can be controlled below the impeller output voltage (see c in Fig. 14).
- the operating range of the brushless DC motor can be expanded, and the operating range of the compressor can be satisfied without increasing the motor current (see c in Fig. 13 and c in Fig. 15).
- the brushless DC motor incorporated in the compressor shown in FIG. 1 it is preferable to employ a brushless DC motor having a rotor with a permanent magnet embedded therein.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of this brushless DC motor.
- the rotor 2c in this brushless DC motor has a permanent magnet 2e at a predetermined position inside the rotor core 2d, and extends from the end of the permanent magnet 2d toward the outer surface of the rotor core.
- a magnetic flux short circuit prevention space 2 g for preventing a magnetic flux short circuit of the permanent magnet 2 d is formed.
- the magnet scattering prevention pipe is omitted.
- the brushless DC motor with this configuration is This is called a built-in motor.
- the scattering of permanent magnets is not a problem at all, so there is no need for a magnet scattering prevention pipe, and the magnetic force between the stator 2a and the rotor 2c can be reduced. Since the air gap can be reduced, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the magnet operating point. Further, by arranging the permanent magnet 2e inside the rotor core 2d, the demagnetization field from the stator 2a can be dispersed, and the demagnetization can be enhanced.
- the demagnetizing field from the stator directly It will be demagnetized.
- the permanent magnet 2 e is arranged at a predetermined position inside the rotor core 2 d, as shown in FIG. 17 (B), the magnetic flux of the demagnetizing field is reduced by the permanent magnet in the rotor core.
- the magnetic flux of the demagnetizing field directly applied to the permanent magnet 2 e can be reduced by passing through the portion other than 2 e 5.
- the thickness Wm (m) of the permanent magnet may be set to satisfy WmZ (D1 / 3XL)> 0.11. preferable. Where D (m) is the rotor diameter and L (m) is the rotor length.
- the high-temperature demagnetization of the rare-earth magnet is determined by the demagnetizing field due to the magnet material, the permeance coefficient of the magnet, and the motor winding current. Therefore, a brushless DC motor with a fixed magnet material, surface area and luminosity coefficient, that is, a brushless DC motor with a fixed motor output
- increasing the thickness of the permanent magnet increases the permeance coefficient of the magnet itself, making it stronger against demagnetizing fields, and is also resistant to high-temperature demagnetization. Become.
- the dimensions of the magnet may be determined as follows.
- the motor size is almost determined by the output. If this and the refrigerant used are taken into account and the magnet thickness coefficient is expressed as WmZ (D 1/3 XL), the change in the magnet thickness coefficient with respect to the motor output is as shown in Fig. 18. Therefore, by setting the thickness of the magnet so as to satisfy WmZ (DlZ3XL)> 0.11, it is possible to realize a compressor that does not generate magnet demagnetization.
- the brushless DC motor having the configuration shown in FIG. 16 so that the motor drive current phase is ahead of the motor induced voltage. It is also preferable to drive a brushless DC motor to use both the magnet torque and the reluctance torque.
- the torque by the magnet and the reluctance torque can be used in combination, and a high-efficiency operation in which the torque Z current ratio increases can be performed. Also, at a rotational speed at which the motor induced voltage rises above the output voltage of the inverter, the rotational speed range can be expanded by utilizing the magnetic flux weakening effect.
- the temperature characteristics of the magnet magnetic flux have a negative characteristic with respect to temperature. This means that the amount of magnetic flux generated from the magnet decreases as the temperature rises. Therefore, the internal temperature of a compressor using R32 alone or R32 rich mixture refrigerant with R32 exceeding 50% and discharge temperature higher than R22 is high. As a result, the amount of magnetic flux generated from the magnet is significantly reduced.
- Magnet torque is generated by the magnetic flux of the magnet and the motor current flowing through the windings.
- the magnet flux decreases and the motor current increases.
- the electrical resistance of the copper conductor forming the windings also increases, resulting in a large increase in copper loss.
- the rise in temperature only affects the increase in the electrical resistance of the copper wire used for winding. In other words, the more the reluctance torque is used, the more the increase in copper loss due to temperature rise can be reduced.
- the operation can be performed with higher efficiency than a brushless DC motor using only the magnet torque.
- the use of rare earth magnets can reduce the loss at high temperatures compared to the use of ferrite magnets. it can. Further, by using the motor drive current phase ahead of the motor induced voltage and using the reluctance torque together, the loss at a higher temperature can be further reduced, and the operating temperature of the magnet can be further lowered. '
- the brushless DC motor having the structure shown in FIG. 16, it is preferable to drive the motor terminal voltage at the maximum rotation speed to be equal to or higher than the inverter output voltage;
- the motor rotates at a rotation speed at which the motor terminal voltage becomes equal to the inverter output voltage.
- the motor drive current phase is advanced from the induced voltage to weaken the magnet magnetic flux, and the voltage is The rotation speed range can be expanded while maintaining a constant value (see Fig. 21).
- a comparison of the motor operating range and the compressor operating range when the amount of magnetic flux generated by the magnets is equivalent is as shown in Fig. 22.
- the operating range of the compressor In the operating range of the compressor, the low torque on the low speed side is obtained. On the high-speed side, a constant output range is required.
- the compressor for an air conditioner when the compressor starts, there is no differential pressure (load) in the compression mechanism, so the process of rotating the brushless DC motor at high speed and increasing the differential pressure proceeds. After that, when the differential pressure increases to some extent, the rotation speed is gradually reduced to maintain the maximum capacity.
- reducing the motor drive current means that the demagnetizing field can be reduced for the magnet, which in turn can increase the magnet's operating limit temperature.
- compressors that use R32 rich mixed refrigerant with a discharge temperature higher than R22 that exceeds R22 even if the motor cannot be used with the surface magnet structure, use the embedded magnet structure to use it. It becomes possible to do.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing an example of a sensorless position signal circuit. 5
- This sensorless position signal circuit supplies U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase motor terminal voltages to the filter 11 to remove noise components and harmonic components. Output signals from two arbitrary filters 11 are supplied to comparators 12 to output position signals.
- the brushless DC motor can be driven stably even at high temperature and high pressure.
- the motor induced voltage can be indirectly detected from the conduction state of the return diode in the inverter section.
- FIG. 25 is an electric circuit diagram showing an example of a sensorless position signal circuit for detecting a rotational position of a rotor using a motor neutral point signal.
- a Y-connected stator winding 22 is connected to an output terminal of the impeller 21 and a Y-connected resistor 23 is connected. Then, by supplying the neutral point voltage of the stator winding 22 connected in the Y-connection and the neutral point voltage of the resistor 23 connected in the Y-direction to the differential amplifier 24, a difference voltage between the two voltages is obtained and amplified. The difference voltage is supplied to an integrator 25 to obtain an integration signal, and the integration signal is supplied to a zero-cross comparator 26 to detect a zero cross, thereby obtaining a rotation position detection signal of a rotor. Has been obtained. Then, this rotation position detection signal is supplied to the micro computer 27. To perform a process for controlling the inverter 21 and the base drive circuit.
- a switching signal is supplied to the inverter 21 via 28, and each switching element of the inverter 21 is operated for switching.
- the processing in the micro computer 27 is conventionally known, as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-33779, and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the brushless DC motor is not affected by the power-on period during which the inverter output voltage is applied.
- the rotation position can be detected over the entire range of the ° section, and the phase control can be performed over the entire range of the 180 ° section.
- the rotational position signal circuit having the configuration shown in FIG. 24 since the rotational position is detected using the motor induced voltage, the rotational position can be detected only during the non-energized period. Therefore, normally, the energization is performed in the 120 ° section, the rotational position is detected in the remaining 60 ° section, and the phase can be changed only in the 60 ° section in principle.
- a sensorless position signal circuit having the configuration shown in FIG. Also, in this case, since the power-on period is not restricted, it is possible to carry out 150-degree power supply, sine-wave power supply, etc., which can contribute to higher efficiency and lower vibration of the brushless DC motor. Further, since the control for freely advancing the motor drive current phase can be performed, a further effect of reducing the motor drive current can be achieved.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a speed control system for performing the above processing.
- This speed control system performs a predetermined process (for example, ⁇ ⁇ calculation) using a difference between the speed command and the ⁇ - ⁇ axis speed as an input, and outputs a torque current command, and a speed controller 31 that outputs a torque current command.
- a predetermined process for example, ⁇ ⁇ calculation
- the current control unit that calculates the applied voltage based on the inverse model of this motor so that the actual current matches these current commands is 3 2 And the actual motor 33 to which the calculated voltage is applied, the motor model 34 which calculates the model current by performing an operation based on the motor model with the calculated voltage as input, and the actual current and the model current And a correction processing to reduce the difference to 0, and correct the motor model, and a position / speed estimator 35 that outputs the position of the y-5 axis, and ⁇ — ⁇ A port that outputs the ⁇ - ⁇ -axis velocity with the axis position as input And a one-pass filter 36.
- the motor model 34 is based on the analysis model of the brushless DC motor shown in FIG.
- the rotational position and speed of the rotor can be identified from the estimated current calculated based on the estimated position and the estimated speed electromotive force and the actual motor drive current.
- FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a system for performing the above processing.
- This system uses a difference between a speed command and an estimated speed as an input, performs a predetermined process (for example, PI calculation), outputs a voltage command, and outputs a voltage command and a voltage command and d-axis voltage to 0.
- Coordinate conversion unit 42 that performs rotation coordinate conversion by inputting an instruction to be performed as input and calculates a voltage expressed in stator coordinates, and pulse width modulation (PWM) that receives the calculated voltage as input.
- PWM control unit 43 that performs processing and outputs a gate signal to be supplied to the PWM inverter 44, and the output current of three phases supplied to the brushless DC motor 45 from the PWM inverter 44.
- a change amount extraction unit 46 that extracts the amount of change in the current vector by using the output currents of the two phases as input, and performs a predetermined process by using the amount of change in the extracted current vector as input.
- the motor terminal voltage can be calculated by calculating the difference between the average inverter output voltage vector and each inverter output voltage vector.
- the difference between the current vector due to the voltage vector not used in the modulation period ⁇ the harmonic component of the motor current vector is extracted, and the inductance matrix, which is an unknown number, can be obtained from the voltage-current equation for the harmonic component, and the inductance corresponding to the rotational position can be obtained.
- the power-on period is not restricted, it is possible to carry out 150-degree power-on, sine-wave power-on, etc., which can contribute to higher efficiency and lower vibration of the brushless DC motor. Since control for advancing the motor drive current phase freely can be performed, a further effect of reducing the motor drive current can be achieved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES00966453T ES2701703T3 (es) | 1999-10-13 | 2000-10-12 | Compresor |
EP00966453.3A EP1257038B1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 2000-10-12 | Compressor |
AU76853/00A AU780155B2 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 2000-10-12 | Compressor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP29163599A JP2001115963A (ja) | 1999-10-13 | 1999-10-13 | 圧縮機 |
JP11/291635 | 1999-10-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001028072A1 true WO2001028072A1 (fr) | 2001-04-19 |
Family
ID=17771513
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/007097 WO2001028072A1 (fr) | 1999-10-13 | 2000-10-12 | Compresseur |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1257038B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2001115963A (ja) |
KR (2) | KR100693762B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1242530C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU780155B2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2701703T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001028072A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003088451A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-03 | 2003-10-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Rotor de moteur |
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DE102004057568A1 (de) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Halter und Verfahren zur Befestigung von Leitungen an Leichtbauelementen von Verkehrsmitteln, insbesondere an Sandwichplatten von Luftfahrzeugen |
JP4685946B2 (ja) | 2009-02-18 | 2011-05-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 永久磁石型回転電機の回転子およびその製造方法 |
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WO2013114541A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 永久磁石埋込型電動機および圧縮機 |
JP5619305B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-30 | 2014-11-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 永久磁石埋込型電動機および圧縮機 |
JP2013250038A (ja) | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-12 | Daikin Industries Ltd | 冷凍装置管理システム |
JP5965732B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-07 | 2016-08-10 | ジョンソンコントロールズ ヒタチ エア コンディショニング テクノロジー(ホンコン)リミテッド | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP5823928B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-28 | 2015-11-25 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | 密閉型電動圧縮機 |
JP5971666B2 (ja) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-08-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 永久磁石埋込型電動機及び圧縮機 |
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JP6002619B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-10 | 2016-10-05 | 株式会社日立産機システム | 永久磁石同期機およびこれを用いた圧縮機 |
JP6002625B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-26 | 2016-10-05 | 株式会社日立産機システム | 永久磁石同期機およびこれを用いた圧縮機 |
JP5971669B2 (ja) | 2013-06-12 | 2016-08-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 永久磁石埋込型電動機及び圧縮機 |
WO2015166580A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 圧縮機及び冷凍サイクル装置並びに圧縮機の制御方法 |
JP6351732B2 (ja) | 2014-08-29 | 2018-07-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 圧縮機のモータ、冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP6582236B2 (ja) | 2015-06-11 | 2019-10-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP6667235B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-07 | 2020-03-18 | 日立ジョンソンコントロールズ空調株式会社 | 密閉型電動圧縮機 |
JP2016036251A (ja) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-03-17 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | 密閉型電動圧縮機 |
JP6756350B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-09-16 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | インバータ制御方法、モータ制御装置 |
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- 2000-10-12 KR KR1020067021897A patent/KR100693762B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-12 ES ES00966453T patent/ES2701703T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-12 AU AU76853/00A patent/AU780155B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-10-12 EP EP00966453.3A patent/EP1257038B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-12 WO PCT/JP2000/007097 patent/WO2001028072A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-12 CN CNB008140766A patent/CN1242530C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU780155B2 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
KR100719288B1 (ko) | 2007-05-18 |
JP2001115963A (ja) | 2001-04-27 |
EP1257038B1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
CN1242530C (zh) | 2006-02-15 |
EP1257038A1 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
EP1257038A4 (en) | 2006-09-20 |
KR20060115927A (ko) | 2006-11-10 |
KR20020060711A (ko) | 2002-07-18 |
ES2701703T3 (es) | 2019-02-25 |
CN1378716A (zh) | 2002-11-06 |
KR100693762B1 (ko) | 2007-03-12 |
AU7685300A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
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