WO2000056430A1 - Materiau resine destine a un support de separation de gaz et procede de production associe - Google Patents
Materiau resine destine a un support de separation de gaz et procede de production associe Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000056430A1 WO2000056430A1 PCT/JP2000/001751 JP0001751W WO0056430A1 WO 2000056430 A1 WO2000056430 A1 WO 2000056430A1 JP 0001751 W JP0001751 W JP 0001751W WO 0056430 A1 WO0056430 A1 WO 0056430A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/82—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74 characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/24—Rubbers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/44—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/26-B01D71/42
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/52—Polyethers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
- B01D71/64—Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin material for a gas separation substrate and a method for producing the same, and particularly to hydrogen in a side chain benzyl position and / or a hydrogen position.
- Resin material for gas separation substrate consisting of halogen-modified polymer in which atom is replaced by halogen atom atom, side-chain benzyl resin
- a gas separation substrate such as a functional-functional modified polymer polymer in which the hydrogen atom at the z- or aryl position is replaced with a specified functional group Resin material, force-type polymer structure in which hydrogen atoms at the side-chain benzyl position and / or aryl position are replaced with halogen atoms or functional groups.
- the present invention relates to a halogen-modified or functional group-modified polymer having a structure, a method for producing the same, and a gas separation membrane using the resin material for a gas separation substrate.
- the resin material of the present invention is used for recovery of carbon dioxide from exhaust gas, separation of methane / carbon dioxide from natural gas, dehumidification of gas, oxygen from air, oxygen and nitrogen. In addition to being useful in the fields such as the production of, it can be applied to various fields as a functional resin material. North
- the "separation coefficient”, which is an index of selectivity, is expressed as the ratio of the permeability coefficient of the gas to be separated to the permeability coefficient of the non-separable gas. Therefore, in order to selectively improve the permeability of the separation target gas to the non-separation target gas, the solubility coefficient of the separation target gas with respect to the polymer film is required. It will be necessary to selectively improve the diffusion coefficient for the gas to be separated.
- the monomer If the functional groups introduced into the mer are rich in chemical reactivity or if they are monolithically bulky monomers, the problem is that the polymerization is difficult. However, it is not suitable for the synthesis of polymers that require a high degree of polymerization, such as gas separation membranes.
- aromatic polyimides generally have low solvent solubility, and often limit the solvents that can be used in performing chemical modification reactions such as bromination reactions. . For this reason, the so-called uniform reaction, which reacts in the state of being dissolved in a solvent, is a force that can be applied to an aromatic polyamide. However, it is not always applicable to other aromatic polyamides, and is generally rather difficult in many cases.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-41,802 discloses a description of a polyimide type gas separation membrane in which a substituent is introduced into a rigid polyimide skeleton.
- the free rotation of the main chain skeleton is restricted. And It is described as valid.
- solvent solubility is a major factor in the formation of a membrane, especially in the formation of an asymmetric hollow fiber suitable for use as a gas separation membrane.
- the polymer has good solubility for the polymer and is insoluble in water for the polymer.
- Solvents that can be mixed for example, N-methylol pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl acetonate , Etc.
- NMP N-methylol pyrrolidone
- Etc. dimethyl acetonate
- the jig mouth rotatable power cannot be used, the jig mouth rotamane does not mix with water, and therefore, the aromatic polyamide is not used. However, there is a problem that it is not possible to form an asymmetric hollow yarn.
- the purpose of the membrane or the like in the form of a brominated compound is first determined. It is also conceivable that bromine is formed into a shape, and the formed bromide is immersed in an amide-aqueous solution to replace bromine with amide. However, in such a method, it is not easy for the amide molecule to penetrate into the inner part of the membrane and replace it with bromine. In other words, the surface of the resulting amide-modified molded article and the inside thereof become uneven, and in reality, only a low permeation rate may be obtained. .
- the card-type polymer has high stability and excellent solvent solubility, and also has excellent processability. And have done a lot of research.
- the canoledo-type polymer is a generic name of a polymer having a structure in which a cyclic group is directly bonded to the polymer main chain.
- This force-type polymer is characterized by its structure, that is, a structure in which a bulky substituent having a quaternary carbon is present at right angles to the main chain.
- the design of functional resin materials adjusts the average value and distribution of the free-body volume, which is mainly the molecular chain gap of the polymer, and its motility. This is achieved by controlling the sorption and diffusion of gases.
- the present inventors have found that a card-type monotonous device having a large free volume and containing a bulky group as a component for suppressing the molecular motility of a high molecular chain.
- the phenolic skeleton was used as the basis for the phenol and alpha. It was confirmed that the two-function functional monomers that applied Urine and Xilisine, etc., matched these purposes, and this was used as a raw material. We have been working on the development of the canoledo-type polymer obtained.
- the inventors of the present invention have further studied the performance of the force-type polymer, and as a result, the structure of the force-type polymer is found in the structure of the polymer.
- Modification by introducing functional groups that are considered to be considered, for example, a halogen atom, a functional group that can be substituted for this halogen atom, or a derivative thereof.
- the bulky structure unique to the card-type polyimide is used, solubilizing the solvent, the ease of wet film formation, and the thermal stability due to the rigid structure.
- the present inventors generally disclose a region containing a region in which the position of the polymer side chain benzyl and the position of the aryl in the polymer are nodulated.
- the present inventors have found that the reamer exhibits excellent separation membrane performance in gas permeability and gas selectivity, and completed the present invention.
- the present invention also provides various functional polymers by changing the type of the substituent on the side chain of the above denaturing power-type polymer. As a result, the present invention was completed, and the present invention was completed. Disclosure of the invention
- the hydrogen atom at the side chain benzyl position and the Z or aryl position has a halogen conversion ratio of 0.1% or more. It is a resin material for a gas separation base material characterized by including a genated card-type polymer structure.
- the force s is preferably a polymer, and furthermore, the following general formula (1)
- X is a divalent organic residue and at least a part thereof is represented by the following structural formula (A).
- R 1 to R 2 At least one of the following is
- a Le key represents an alkyl group, an alkyl group, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; and the above-mentioned alkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkyl group Groups and aryl groups are nitrogen atoms
- each other may contain one or more hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom, sulfur atom, phosphorus atom and halogen atom, and may be the same as each other. rather it may also have also Tsu Do different in Tsu Oh in one, to further, R 1 ⁇ R 2 2 of Ri above chopped stomach Ru Oh directly to the physician each other is rather saturated youth and through the other atoms May have an unsaturated bond to form a cyclic structure.
- any one of R i ⁇ to R ⁇ 5 and any one of R ⁇ 6 to R 2 any but only contains a binding against the nitrogen atom of I Mi soil skeleton, it was further to or, the one any mosquito ⁇ of R i ⁇ R 5 of R 6 ⁇ R 1 0 One or the other directly or through another atom to form a ring structure in a saturated or unsaturated bond.]
- Y is an organic residue, and Y represents a tetravalent organic residue.
- the structural formula (A) in the general formula (1) is preferably represented by the following structural formula (B).
- 13 ⁇ 4 1 ⁇ 13 ⁇ 4 4 ⁇ beauty 13 ⁇ 4 7 ⁇ 13 ⁇ 4 20 have the structural formula (Ru Oh the same as in A)) that have a full au les down framework that will be Table 2 It is often a valence organic residue, and furthermore, in this structural formula (B), at least one substituent selected from RnR20 is preferred. No, it is more likely that it is a lipogen modifying substituent.
- the above-mentioned halogen-modified card-type polymer preferably has a side chain, from the viewpoint of exhibiting better gas separation performance. It is preferable that the halogen atom modification rate of hydrogen atoms at the benzyl and Z or aryl positions be 20% or more.
- X is a divalent organic residue and at least a part thereof is represented by the following structural formula (A).
- Fu represents a functional group or a derivative thereof which can be substituted with a halogen atom at the benzyl and / or aryl position.
- R 21 and R 22 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched or cyclic unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an alkenenyl group, an anoalkyl group.
- the remaining RRs may form a cyclic structure by a saturated or unsaturated bond directly or via another atom, and furthermore, R ⁇ , ...
- Any one of R 3 , one and one of R e to R 20 include a bond to the nitrogen atom of the imido skeleton, and any one of R to R 5 And one of R t; to R 0 , or one of them, forms a ring structure with a saturated or unsaturated bond, either directly or through another atom.
- R t to R 4 and R 7 to R 2 are the same as those in the above structural formula (A)) having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following structural formula (A): rather good that Ru Oh in the value of organic residues, or, good Ri rather than the good or the R i t ⁇ R 2. It is preferred that at least one substituent selected from the above is a functional group-modified substituent.
- the present invention provides that the hydrogen atom at the side chain benzyl and / or aryl position has a halogen denaturation rate of 34% or more.
- the present invention is based on the finding that the hydrogen atom at the side-chain benzyl position or the Z or aryl position is halogenated at a halogen modification ratio of 0.1% or more. It is a canola type polymer, preferably a polyamide, and more preferably a general formula (1)
- X is a divalent organic residue, at least a part of which is represented by the following structural formula (A).
- At least one of R ⁇ to R ⁇ is the following formula:
- R 1 f 2 (Provided, however, Z is and Tsu Oh mouth gain down atom, R i ⁇ beauty R 22 is Ah Ru at Ri through the discussed later) Ri Ah at C B gain down-modified substituent that will be table in, Mr. Su And the remaining R, R and R 2 i and R 22 in the halogen-modified substitution group are hydrogen atoms, chromogen atoms, linear or branched or branched atoms.
- the alkenyl group, the alkynyl group and the aryl group are one or more selected from a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom and a halogen atom. May contain two or more types of heteroatoms, may be the same as or different from each other, and may further include the above residue.
- RLR 22 is mutual It may be a ring structure formed by a saturated or unsaturated bond directly or through another atom, and furthermore, in the case of 1 to 11 to 15 , one or have a deviation of ⁇ beauty 11 16 13 ⁇ 4 20 only contains a binding against the nitrogen atom of I Mi soil Tsu, it was to further or, 1 ⁇ 1 13 ⁇ 4 5 of I shift mosquito 1 Tsu and R 6 R 10 any force one bets divalent organic residue is had Ru Oh directly to each other rather than saturated young and via other atoms that will be table in that] form a ring structure with unsaturated bonds Y represents a tetravalent organic residue, and Y is a polymer containing a card-type polyimid structure represented by ⁇ .
- the structural formula (A) in the above general formula (1) is represented by the following structural formula (B )
- RR and R 7 R are the same as defined above, which is a divalent organic residue having a fluorene skeleton represented by the formula: At least one of the substituents selected from RR is a halogen-modified substituent, and the halogen at the side-chain benzyl position and the Z or aryl position.
- the denaturation rate is 20% or more.
- the present invention provides that at least one of the following formulas is used.
- Fu indicates a functional group or a derivative thereof which can be substituted with a halogen atom at the benzyl and Z or aryl positions, and R 21 and
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched or cyclic unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, Or an aryl group, and the above-mentioned alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group and aryl group are nitrogen atoms.
- heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, phosphorus atoms, and halogen atoms, and may contain one or more heteroatoms. They may be the same or different, but may be saturated with each other or with another carbon atom, either directly or through another atom. Or a cyclic structure may be formed by an unsaturated bond), or a card containing a cardinal polymer having a functional group or a variable substitution group represented by And a canoledo-type polyimide having the functional group-modified substituent, and preferably a polymer having such a functional group-modified substituent. And a gas separation membrane containing these polymers, and more preferably, the following general formula: (1)
- X is a divalent organic residue and at least a part thereof is represented by the following structural formula (A).
- R 1 R is represented by the following formula:
- Fu is a functional group which can be introduced by substituting a benzene atom at the benzene and / or aryl position with a functional group or its attraction.
- ⁇ Beauty R 2 is hydrogen atom, Nono b gain NHara child, linear or will rather be branched young ring-shaped unsubstituted or replacement
- An alkyl group, an alkyl group, an alkyl group, or an aryl group is shown, and the alkyl group, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group described above is shown.
- the kinyl group and the aryl group are one or more selected from nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, phosphorus atom, and halogen atom.
- R ⁇ R 2 2 of Ri the residual is each other physician
- a cyclic structure may be formed by a saturated or unsaturated bond directly or through another atom, and furthermore, any one of ⁇ ⁇ Passing And one of R 16 to R 20 contains a bond to the nitrogen atom of the imido skeleton, and furthermore, any one of R t to R 5 and R 6 Table of in-any have one bets is Ru Oh directly physician each other of R i 0 is rather saturated young and via other atom that form a ring structure with unsaturated join] Is a divalent organic residue, and Y is a tetravalent organic residue, and is a polymer including a card-type polyimid structure represented by ⁇ . .
- the structural formula (A) in the general formula (1) is represented by the following structural formula (B )
- R to R 4 , and R: to R 2 are the same as those described above), which is a divalent organic residue having a fluorene skeleton represented by the following formula:
- at least one substituent selected from R i, to R 20 is a functional group-modified substituent.
- X is a divalent organic residue, and at least a part thereof is represented by the following structural formula (A)
- R 1 to R 2 At least one of the following is
- R 21 and R 22 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched or cyclic unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an phenol group, or a It represents a alkynole group or an aryl group, and the above-mentioned alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group and aryl group are nitrogen atoms. It may contain one or more hetero atoms selected from oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, phosphorus atoms, and halogen atoms, and may contain one or more hetero atoms.
- Z is C b gate Ri Ah in emissions atoms, R 2 i ⁇ beauty R 2 are the same in Ru Oh and) C B gate that having a c b gain down-modified substituent that will be table in
- This is a method for producing a polymer characterized by being a polymer having a denaturing force-type polymerized structure.
- the structural formula (A) in the general formula (1) is preferably the following structural formula (B)
- R i R and R 7 to R 20 are the same as described above, and R n to R 2.
- At least one substituent selected from the above is a modified nitrogen-substituted group, and further, a benzyl- and / or aryl-side chain.
- the halogen modification rate of hydrogen atoms is not less than 20%. Further, the present invention is based on the following general formula (1)
- X is a divalent organic residue, and at least a part thereof is represented by the following structural formula (A)
- R 2 i ⁇ beauty R 2 2 is Ah Ru at Ri through the discussed later
- Ri Ah in denatured before substituent that will be table, with its, rest of R i to R 2.
- the modified previous R 2 1 ⁇ beauty R 2 2 is hydrogen atom in the substituent, c b gain down atom, a linear or will rather be branched young ring-shaped unsubstituted or substituted
- a Le key group, An alkenyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group is shown, and the above-mentioned alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynole group, and an alkenyl group are indicated.
- the reel group is a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, and a halo. It may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from gen atoms, and may be the same or different from each other.
- the remaining R i to R 22 form a cyclic structure through a saturated or unsaturated bond directly or via another atom. is rather good also, was further to or, R, 1 one of the ⁇ R 15 ⁇ beauty R i 6 ⁇ R 2.
- One of the two contains a bond to a nitrogen atom of the imido skeleton, and furthermore, R i to R 5 , one slip force and R 6 to R t .
- halogen has a halogen-modified substituent represented by the following formula:
- a polymer containing a denatured cardo-type polyimid structure, and the polymer obtained in the next step is substituted with the nitrogen atom of the nitrogen-modified substitution. Reacting with a nucleophile having a functional group capable of undergoing the reaction, and converting at least a part of the halogen-modified substituent into a compound represented by the following formula:
- the side-chain benzyl position is the same as the name used in the general organic synthesis field, and the side chain of the Yoshika ring Indicate the position bonded to the carbon (benzyl carbon) directly bonded to the aromatic carbon in the phenol group.
- Hydrogen refers to hydrogen atoms directly bonded to benzylic carbon.
- the aryl position is the same as the name used in the general organic synthesis field, and refers to carbon involved in a carbon-carbon double bond. The position of the bond to the directly bonded carbon (aryl carbon) is indicated, and the aryl hydrogen is directly bonded to the aryl carbon. Indicates hydrogen.
- the side-chain benzyl position and / or the aryl position in the present invention may be located at any position in the polymer, and may be present in the side-chain benzyl position and / or the pendant position. Either one of the aryl positions may be present, or both may coexist, and the benzene in the polymer main chain as well as in the polymer side chain may be present. It may be in the Zinole position and / or in the Arinole position. The aryl position does not need to be on the aromatic side chain.
- the benzyl position and / or the aryl position in the side chain may be, for example, the structural formula (A) or X in Y in general formula (1).
- the side chain benzyl position and / or the aryl position which may be present at the phenyl or aryl position may be repeatedly formed. All the power in the same benzyl and / or aryl positions in the returned unit; not necessarily uniform, not necessarily Only repeating units may be halogenated.
- the rosin-modifying polymer includes a product obtained by converting the polymer into a porogen, and a side-chain benzyl position. And / or includes those obtained by polymerizing a monomer containing a halogen at the aryl position, and also includes a raw material monomer.
- the mer or the polymer may originally contain norogen.
- the halogenation modification rate is based on hydrogen atoms directly bonded to “all benzylic and allylic carbons in the polymer” It shows the ratio of the number of the neuron atoms in the gen atom, and is expressed by the following equation. LOGEN Denaturation rate
- a card-type polymer is a generic term for a polymer having a structure in which a ring-shaped group is directly bonded to a polymer main chain. It is.
- the ring portion contains unsaturated bonds even if it is a saturated bond. It is often the case that, in addition to carbon, atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus are used. You can go through.
- the cyclic portion may be polycyclic, may be bonded to another carbon chain, or may be bridged.
- a polymer including a card-type polymer structure of the present invention is a polymer including at least a part of the above-mentioned card-type polymer. It may be a copolymer with another monomer, a graphat polymer, or a crosslinked product.
- the term "resin material” refers to a material containing the above-mentioned polymer, and not only the polymer but also a material combined with another material. It may be a mixture or composite with other materials.
- the substrate for gas separation according to the present invention may be any substrate having a shape used for the purpose of gas separation, for example, a film-like substrate. It can be in the form of hollow thread, fibrous, granular, sheet, bulk, etc. Moreover, for example, fibrous material is woven or woven. The ⁇ may be either randomly filled or pleated. Also, it may be joined, bonded or mixed with other materials, or may be in a shape filled in some container.
- the polyimid of the present invention is represented by the above structural formula (1), and when X is simply a polyimid, X is a divalent organic residue. Whatever it is, it doesn't matter.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride used as a raw material is, for example, anhydrous mellitic acid, 3, 3 ', 41'-benzyl Zophenone tetrahydronorebonic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicanoleboxyl) norephonic anhydride, 2,2-bis (3, 4- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ — —) — 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3-hex.
- the polymer of the present invention or the polymer used in the production of the present invention can be synthesized by a general method for synthesizing high molecules.
- the type of polymer can be any material that can be used for functional materials, especially gas separation substrates, and can be any kind of force.
- At least part of the structure contains, or is not a raw material for, a nitrogen atom bonded to the side-chain benzylic position and the Z or arylinole position Must contain benzylic hydrogen and z or arylyl hydrogen which can be replaced with a halogen atom.
- a polymer having the following basic skeleton, or a mixture, a copolymer, a cross-linked body, etc. of the same is used.
- Polyolefins Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Poly-1-butene, etc.
- Polystyrene Polyacetylene
- Polyethylene Polysaccharides such as refrenylene and phenolic cellulose
- Polymers containing oxygen in the main chain Polyolefins (Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Poly-1-butene, etc.), Polystyrene, Polyacetylene, Polyethylene Polysaccharides such as refrenylene and phenolic cellulose; (2) Polymers containing oxygen in the main chain
- Polyester (—0-), Polyacetator (--0—R—0—R'—), Polyester / Re (—C00—), Poly / Reborn (1-0-C0-0-) etc.
- Polyamine Polyamine in which H in NH- is replaced by phenol group etc.
- Polyamide ---- ⁇ H- C 0-
- Polyurethane (1-C0NH—R—NHC00—R'—)
- Polyurine —NHCONH—R—NHCONH—R '
- Polyimid Polyimid Dazo, Polyoxazo, Polyro, Polyline, etc.
- Po Li scan Honoré off Lee de (- C one S- C-), Po Li scan Honoré phon (- C- S0 2 - C-) and the like.
- the polymer of the present invention comprises at least a part of its structure, a halogen atom bonded to a side-chain benzyl position and a Z or aryl position. Contains or contains hydrogen at the side-chain benzyl and / or aryl positions that can be substituted for the halogen atom.
- the polystyrene, the polycarbonate, and the polyether poly described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-99,666 may be used. It is possible to have a skeleton selected from the mid skeleton.
- the halogenated denatured polymer is a monomer containing a halogen atom at the side chain benzyl and / or aryl position.
- the benzyl and / or aryl position, and other necessary parts may be protected.
- a general regioselective genogen is allowed to act on the polymer, and the above-mentioned poiymer is synthesized by the usual organic chemical synthesis method under the conditions of radical reaction. It is obtained by regenerating a reminder.
- halogenating agent examples include those capable of forming a benzene at the side chain benzyl position or at the aromatic group position of an aromatic compound.
- N-bromo succinimide N-cross succinimide (NCS), N-node succinimide (NIS)
- N-node succinimide N-node succinimide
- S 0 2 B r 2 odor I spoon scan Honoré unfavorable Honoré
- S 0 2 C 1 2 a salt of scan Honoré unfavorable Honoré
- DBMH 1, 3-dibromo-5, 5 '-dimethyinolehydantoin
- regioselective halogenation at the side chain benzyl position and / or the aryl position is preferably carried out under favorable conditions of the radical reaction. This can be achieved by irradiation with light such as temperature and UV, addition of a non-polar solvent, and a radical generator.
- the halogenation reaction at the side chain benzyl position of the present invention can be controlled, and the side chain benzyl position hydrogen atom can be controlled. Because it is easy to control the rate of halogenogen denaturation of the bromine, the bromination reaction is favorable, and the bromination agent for the bromination reaction is also preferred. NBS is preferred. In particular, NBS is preferred for bromiliari at the aryl level.
- the method for producing the above-mentioned modified denatured polymer is the same when the polymer is a polyimide, and the method for producing the polymer is the same as that described above. The same is true for a type polymer.
- a canoledo-type polymer is a bullet-monomer, such as, for example, a methylophthalide antolequinolate replacement.
- Bisphenols such as polymers of 9 or 9-bis (4'-hydroxyphenyl) antennas-10 Polycarbonate obtained by polymerizing slag and phosphene,
- a nitrogen-modified polyimide is synthesized by the following method.
- the force-modified polyimid which is a raw material used for synthesizing the no-logen-modified modified polyimide, is represented by X in the general formula (1). It is obtained by reacting diamine as a component with tetracarboxylic dianhydride as a Y component in the general formula (1). At this time, at least one of X and Y requires the presence of hydrogen at the side chain benzyl position and / or aryl position hydrogen in at least one of the structures. is there .
- any dimin having a force-nod skeleton can be used.
- 9 , 9-vis (4 '-aminofene), 1,1 -vis (4-aminofene) cyclohexane, etc. And those obtained by mixing these, and further, those obtained by using these in combination with other diamins, and the like.
- the dimamine to be the X component of the general formula (]) preferably, an aromatic force-type monomer represented by the structural formula (A) is mentioned.
- these are the 9,9-vis (4'-aminophenyl) phenolic, 9,9-vis (4'-amino) (Feninole) Anthrone-10, and mixtures of these, as well as those in which these are used in combination with other diamins, etc.
- L L ⁇ are the 9,9-vis (4'-aminophenyl) phenolic, 9,9-vis (4'-amino) (Feninole) Anthrone-10, and mixtures of these, as well as those in which these are used in combination with other diamins, etc.
- L L ⁇ are the 9,9-vis (4'-aminophenyl) phenolic, 9,9-vis (4'-amino) (Feninole) Anthrone-10, and mixtures of these, as well as those in which these are used in combination with other diamins, etc.
- R 13 and R 1S is ⁇ Mi amino group R t R 12 R 14 to R 7 , R 19 , R 2 .
- 9,9-vis (4'-aminofujininore) funorole 9,9-vis (2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ 9, 9 ,, 9, 9-vis (3 ', 5'- ⁇ ⁇ --'4'-' ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) Len
- 9, 9-vis (3'-Metinole-4 '-Amino-Feninole) Frenole, 9,9-vis (3'-Metinole-5 ' ⁇ ⁇ — 4 4 '4 4 — ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 4 9 ⁇ 4 4 ⁇ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- the tetraethyl oleic dianhydride serving as a raw material of the Y component in the general formula (1) includes, for example, pyromellitic anhydride, 3, 3 ', 4,4'-Benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxylic acid) Anhydrous, 2,2-bis (3 ', 4'-dicarboxypheninole) — 1,1,1,1,3,3,3,3-hexaphenol Dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4'-biphenyltetranole dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-diphenyl ether Tetracarboxylic dianhydride and mixtures thereof are mentioned.
- the canoledo-type polyimid obtained in this way is then subjected to its side chain benzyl position and Z or aryl by a nitrogen-generating agent.
- the hydrogen atom at the position is replaced by a halogen atom, and the halogen atom is denatured to a halogenated polyimide.
- the nodulation reaction at the side chain benzyl position of the canoledo-type polyimid of the present invention will be described below with reference to the bromination reaction using NBS described above as an example. However, the same is true for the nodulation at the side chain benzyl position and the Z or aryl group position of a general polymer.
- This bromination reaction is carried out in a halogenated solvent, preferably Radical reaction in which the reaction is accelerated by the heat of kadogen and / or UV irradiation in the presence of 1 to 1% of the radical initiator, NBS or The molecular bromine, which is produced at a low concentration, participates in the reaction.
- a halogenated solvent such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroporous film, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloromethane, and the like are preferable.
- heat, light, or the initiation of radioactive IJ such as benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), etc. can be used. .
- the reaction mixture is added to a solvent such as methanol to analyze the polymer.
- the resulting polyimide is pulverized as appropriate, washed with a solvent such as methanol, and dried under reduced pressure at a temperature of 60 ° C to room temperature. And the power to do it.
- the nodulation reaction generally occurs readily at the pendant benzyl and / or aryl positions.
- the bromine modification rate of the bromine-modifying polyimide obtained in this manner is determined by the elemental analysis or the above-mentioned definition of the halogenation modification rate. It can be easily calculated by 1 H-NMR analysis and 13 C-NMR quantitative analysis.
- R 12 , R 14 , and R 17 are represented by R 13 and R 1 S force S amino group.
- R 19 is a methyl group and the other R are all hydrogen, and 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid for Bromine-modified product of the two anhydrous product and a've been by Polymerization force Honoré de type Po Li Lee Mi-de (PI- BPBA- BAFL (4Me)) , - NMR analysis (300MHz, CDC1 3, Mono-brominated benzyl methylene proton [ ⁇ : 4.0 to 4.8 ppm S (-CH 2 -Br), br-m > 2H ], And, Dibrominated benzoinolemethine brontone [ ⁇ : near 6.5 ppm (-CHBr 2 ), br-s, 11 ⁇ , From the ratio of the integrated value of the ton [
- This degree of halogenation denaturation is determined by the degree of halogenation used in the halogenation reaction. It is possible to control the desired value by controlling the amount of the carboxylic acid i
- Halogen denaturing efficiency If less than 0.1%, the effect of the generation of gen is small and unfavorable. Preferably, a halogen modification rate of 20% or more is obtained under ordinary reaction conditions, and the effect of the halogen modification is also remarkably exhibited. Considering the genogen modification rate of 34% at the benzyl position of the methyl group, the benzene modification rate is on average one or more benzyl positions per each methyl group. It is a state in which halogen atoms are contained, and it is particularly preferable. There is no particular upper limit on the rate of conversion of the nitrogen, but it is preferably 90% or less in consideration of gas permeability. Considering the case of C 0 2 minutes separation, gas permeability is generally high when the halogen conversion rate is low.
- the functional group-modified canola type polymer can be obtained by adding the benzene and / or aryl position to the above-mentioned halo-gen-modified polymer.
- the ability to produce a nucleophilic reagent having a functional group Fu which can be replaced with a child can be produced more easily by reacting the nucleophilic reagent.
- Examples of such functional groups Fu include straight-chain, branched or cyclic non-replaced or substituted phenols, phenol / alkenyl, alkynyl, An aryl complex is possible, and the molecule may contain atoms other than carbon, such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus atoms.
- a polar functional group capable of changing the state of electron existence a functional group having a multiple bond capable of inducing ⁇ -electron ⁇ -electron interaction, and an organic metal supporting a metal having an empty orbital Even if it includes metal offices, etc.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, or a linear, Represents a branched or cyclic unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, phenol, aryl, or complex ring, and a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a nitrogen atom in the molecule. It may contain sulfur atoms.
- R have R: ,
- R u is hydrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, Li down atom, a linear, branched or cyclic unsubstituted or substituted
- a Le key Le, A Le Quai Shows nicols, phenols, aryls, phenols, and complex rings, and may contain nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms in the molecule.
- a functional group containing a highly acidic proton such as COOH and mono-SO 3 H, in addition to these substituents.
- the functional group-modified polymer of the present invention can be used for gaseous substances such as crown ethers, optically active asymmetric carbon-containing structures, metal complexes, and oxygen.
- a functional structure such as a substance that interacts with an antibody or a biocompatible substance, it can be used as a variety of functional materials. It can also be used.
- the nucleophilic substitution reaction by the nucleophile generally involves the halogenated benzyl position and / or the norlogene in a norogen-modified canolate-type polymer.
- the carbon at the aryl group is a carbon ion, or an anion such as an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or a phosphorus atom, or an isolated electron pair Ri by the nucleophilic reagent with the atom that have a, S N 1 Oh Ru stomach Ru Rere been with you progress in the substitution reaction of S N 2 Thailand-flops.
- the hydrogenated benzyl position and / or the hydrogenated arylene position carbon in the nitrogen-modified cardo polymer may be subjected to the anodic force condition.
- nucleophile in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst such as tetrabutyltin monoxide chloride, polyamin, and crown ether. Easily subject to nucleophilic attack by reagents, Public functional groups will be introduced in place of the nuclear elements.
- phase transfer catalyst such as tetrabutyltin monoxide chloride, polyamin, and crown ether.
- the gen-modifying power-type polymer is described in US Pat.
- RM g X-type organic magnesium compound a so-called green reagent, is prepared and added to this green reagent.
- Reaction systems that use phase transfer catalysts such as potassium hydroxide (solids) and triethylammonium orifice for the reaction of the system. It can be implemented by a method.
- the introduction of the amino group can be achieved by adding a primary or secondary amine corresponding to a halogen-modified dendritic polymer.
- the reaction can be carried out by direct reaction using more than twice equivalent in the solution, and the nitrogen atom is replaced by an amino group.
- a mino group-modified card-type polymer can be obtained.
- primary amines there are two active hydrogens, each of which may deposit in the substitution reaction and form a crosslinked structure. It is a good idea to dilute the polymer with a solvent and use it in a large excess.
- the introduction of the hydroxyl group (-0 H) may be caused by a reaction system by hydrolysis under basic conditions or in the presence of a silver salt, a hydroxylic reamer (solid) in a solution, or the like.
- Phases such as triennial ammonium chloride Reaction system using a transfer catalyst, or a stoichiometric amount of a water solution such as tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide or the like to the reaction system.
- It can be introduced by a solid-liquid, liquid-liquid two-phase reaction, such as a coexisting reaction system.
- one OR is the corresponding non-replacement or Reacts a substituted alcohol, phenol, etc. with sodium to form a sodium salt, which is dissolved in a solution.
- Scan Norre e d le group (-S0 2 R: 3), the scan Le off I two-Honoré based on (- S0R 23), main Norre mosquito-flop bets based on (- SR 23), sulfur atom, such as one OCSR 2 have one NCS child the introduction of including officers functional group F U is, Chi O le the corresponding, vinegar Le Ho phosphate, vinegar Norre off fin acid, vinegar Norre off e phosphate, main Le mosquito-flops data down, switch off There are sodium salts such as enorole, thiocanolebonic acid, azanorenomine salt, snorefinolimine, snorehoximine, etc.
- I is a sodium salt, and is introduced into the solution by a reaction system using an interphase transfer catalyst such as triethanolamine chloride. You can do it. Further, the one SO 3 H shows an SH-modified product Ri was introduced Ri by the and this you oxide, Ru have the Oh, be introduced have use a phase transfer catalyst and N a 2 S ⁇ 3 You can do it.
- One OCOR 23, one N 0 2, one NCO, ⁇ beauty one CN is, corresponding to that of compound the Na door Li ⁇ unsalted Oh Ru had such force Norre Bonn acid is a force re- ⁇ unsalted, It can be easily introduced into a system that uses a phase transfer catalyst such as triethanolamine chloride in a solution.
- trivalent compounds such as phosphine, phosphinous acid, phosphinous acid, and phosphinous acid are used.
- Organic phosphorus compounds and pentavalent organic phosphorus such as phosphoran, phosphinic acid, phosphinic acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, etc.
- Compound sodium salt can be introduced by using sodium salt as a reaction material.
- nitrogen fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, and iodine atom are listed, and each of them is a fluorine atom.
- the nitrogen atom can be directly introduced by reacting a halogenating agent suitable for a canolide-type polymer, as described above.
- a halogen-type denaturing power is prepared by introducing a nitrogen atom into this canol-type polymer, and then the halogen-type denaturing power is prepared.
- Halogen substitution is carried out in a reaction system using potassium fluoride, chlorine chloride, potassium iodide and a phase transfer catalyst for a norde-type polymer. It may be introduced. In this case, it is preferable to use a bromide-modified canolade-type polymer as a norogen-changeable norede-type polymer to be produced in between.
- the substitution reaction can be carried out by supporting the phase transfer catalyst on a resin and coexisting in the reaction system. . If you use this method, The purification process after the reaction becomes easy.
- any of the functional groups Fu is present in the molecule, it is particularly restricted.
- any of saturated, unsaturated, straight-chain, and branched chains may be any of cyclic molecules.In addition to carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen , Sulfur atoms, and halogen atoms.
- the functional groups Fu are each identical or different. Undergoes a substitution reaction, and as a result, within a single polymer chain of a halogenated denatured carder polymer, or between different polymer chains. It is possible to build a bridge, which has the effect of improving the polymer strength and improving the performance of the gas separation membrane.
- the reaction of reacting a nucleophile with a nitrogen-modified card-type polymer to obtain a functional-group-modified card-type polymer is a chemical reaction in a balta.
- the no- and gen-modifying card-type polymers are formed into a film-like or hollow fiber-like shape before the nucleophilic substitution reaction. It is also possible to mold and use this nucleophilic substitution reaction as a surface treatment method.
- the benzyl group is If the halogen atoms remain unreacted and remain, the dehalogen reaction can be carried out by a known method such as heating, if necessary. Within these single polymer chains, or between different polymer chains, carbon-carbon bonds can be formed and bridged. Yes, this has the effect of reducing the polymer strength. Further effects such as improvement of the performance, gas, and performance of the separation membrane can be provided.
- the resin material containing the polymer of the present invention can only be separated by gas.
- the selective separation or separation of liquids, various solutes dissolved in liquids (dissolved solids, dissolved gases, ions, etc.), mixtures, dispersions, etc. You can get the material to be moved selectively.
- a functional group having highly selective interaction into the object to be separated or to be moved a selective division of the object can be achieved. It is possible to obtain a carrier that can be moved separately or selectively.
- the denaturing power-type polymer of the present invention that is, the halogen-modified polymer or the functional-group-modified polymer is a card-type polymer.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- DMAc dimethyl phenol amide
- DFS0 dimethyl phenol amide
- DMF dimethyl phenol amide
- Laclorone phenol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), various types of norogenizing solvents chlorofonolem, methylene chloride, 1,2- It is soluble in solvents such as dichloroethane, and has a nitrogen-modified power-type polymer, especially a bromine-modified power-type polymer.
- solvents such as dichloroethane
- the solubility of the solvent is improved in accordance with the degree of bromine modification, and the type and amount of the solvent used in the film formation can be appropriately selected.
- halogenated denatured zoledo-type polymers, especially bromine-modified canoledo-type polymers these are dissolved in an organic solvent in a uniform system. Reacts with a nucleophile and replaces halogen with a functional group And the ability to perform the desired functional group modification according to the separation target gas.
- the geometrical shape of the gas separation membrane formed using the denaturing force-type polymer represented by the general formula (1) above is described.
- the shape of the microstructure there are no particular restrictions on the shape of the microstructure, as long as it is generally used for gas separation, and the microstructure is symmetric or non-symmetric. Examples include a symmetrical structure, a composite structure in which a thin film is coated on a porous film, and a known method can be used for the film formation method in that case. . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- FIG. 1 shows the results of 1 H-NMR analysis of the bromine-modified canolide-type polyimide [PI-BPDA-BAFL (4Me) -Br (27.6%)] obtained in Example 1. It is a graph showing the results.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of 13 C-NMR analysis of the bromine-modified polyimide (PI-BPDA-BAFL (4Me) -Br (27.6%)) obtained in Example 1. It is a graph diagram shown.
- FIG. 3 shows the NBS usage [NBS-used mole ratio (NBS / 12H)] for the bromination reactions performed in Examples 1 to 10 and Examples 22 to 26.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship with a bromine modification rate.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the best mode for carrying out the invention.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described based on examples and comparative examples. .
- a mixed gas carbon dioxide gas 10%, nitrogen gas 90%
- the separation coefficient ( ⁇ ) is indicated by the ratio of the gas permeation coefficient.
- This beak y is based on the comparison with the reference agent benzonorep and the mouth guide (Ar—CH—Br 2 ; 66.6—6.7 ppm br-s). It was speculated that di bromide-containing reduction has been base down Jill main switch down blanking opening tons (Ar-CH- Br 2).
- the peak X (529.7 ppm) bromine of monobrominated benzyl methylene carbon (Ar-CH 2 -Br) was determined by 13 CNMR analysis. Peak A of benzyl methine carbon (Ar-CH 3 ) (around ⁇ 18 ppm) was observed, and peak Y ( ⁇ 34. (Around 5 ppm) was observed.
- This peak Y also reference material Oh Ru base emissions
- Ji emissions-carbon Ar- CH_Br 2
- Attribution of each peak was performed by two-dimensional NMR measurement, and a part of the peak y of the 1 H—NMR spectrum and the peak Y of the 13 C—NMR spectrum were determined. Are observed between the two groups, indicating that each of the aromatic ring side-chain methyl groups is substituted with two bromine atoms, that is, dibrominated. Benzyl methyl proton (Ar-CH-Br) and benzyl methine carbon were confirmed.
- the integrated value of the peak y of the 1 H—NMR spectrum and the part showing correlation with the peak Y of the 13 C—NMR spectrum is 0.04.
- the presence of tribrominated benzyl carbon was not recognized by 13 C-NMR analysis.
- 1 H - that you only to NMR analysis, the presence ratio of almost that match the calculated value this and force ⁇ et product fraction values aromatic Hydrogen and aliphatic Hydrogen, Kaoru incense ring
- the possibility of bromine being introduced was considered to be small, if at all.
- Ar-CH-Br 2 ( ⁇ : 6.3 to 6.6 ppm, br-m; Sffi: 0.04) Ar-CH 2 -Br ( ⁇ : 4.2 to 4.4 ppm, br-m,
- the obtained bromine-modified product has the following structural formula PI-BPDA-BAFL (4Me) -Br
- the bromine-modifying polyimide is referred to as PI-BPDA-
- the gas permeability of the resulting bromine-modified polyimide type polyimide film was as follows.
- Example 1 Using PI-BPDA-BAFL (4Me) 26.5 g (40 mmo 1) and NBS 17.1 g (96 mmo 1) obtained in Example 1 as in Example 1, Then, the bromination reaction, purification, and analysis were performed, and the repetition was repeated for about 10 out of 12 hydrogen atoms per unit area.
- brominated that is, a bromine-modifying card-type polyimide PI-BPDA in which about 1.22 hydrogen atoms have been replaced by bromine atoms -BAFL (4Me) -Br (10.2%) was obtained.
- Ar-CH-Br 2 ( ⁇ : 6.3 to 6.6 ppm, br-m, integrated value: 0.00)
- Ar-CH 2 -Br ( ⁇ : 4.1 to 4.4 ppm, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ fi : 2.00)
- Ar-CH 3 ( ⁇ : 1.8 ⁇ 2.4ppm N br-m N 3 ⁇ 4 57- flS: 6.81)
- Example 1 Using PI-BPDA-BAFL (4Me) 26.5 g (40 mmo 1) obtained in Example 1 and NBS 8.6 g (48 mmo 1) in the same manner as in Example 1, The bromination reaction, purification and analysis were repeated, and about 3.6% of the total 12 benzylic hydrogens per unit were brominated, that is, Approximately 0.43 hydrogen atoms are replaced with bromine atoms. Bromine-modifying card-type polyimid PI -BPDA-
- Ar-CH-Br 2 ( ⁇ : 6.3 to 6.6 m, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 a--: 0.00)
- Ar-CH 2 -Br (5: 4.2 to 4.4 ppm, br ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ : 2.00)
- Ar-CH 3 ( ⁇ : 1.8-2.3 ppm, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 o-iifi: 24. 78)
- a film was formed using PIBPDA-BAFL (4 Me) -Br (3.6 mm), and a bromine-modified force-type polyimide film was formed.
- the gas-permeable properties of the obtained bromine-modifying power-type polyimide film obtained as described above were as follows.
- Ar-CH-Br 2 ( ⁇ : 6.3 to 6.6 ppm, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ iiS: 0.06) Ar-CH 2 -Br ( ⁇ : 4.1-4.4 ppm br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ iS: 2.00) Ar-CH 3 ( ⁇ : 1.9 to 2.2 ppm, br_m, integral value: 0.51)
- Ar-CH-Br 2 ( ⁇ : 6.3 to 6.6 ppm, br m, integrated value: 0.00) Ar-CH 2 -Br ( ⁇ : 4.2 to 4.4 ppm br-m, 3 ⁇ 4- ⁇ ⁇ : 2.00) Ar-CH 3 ( ⁇ : l. 8 ⁇ 2.3 ppm, br-m 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ fS: 2.76)
- a film was formed using this PI-6FDA—BAFL (4Me) —Br (18.1%) to obtain a bromine-modified cardo-type polyimide film.
- the gas permeability of the obtained bromine-modified card-type polyimid membrane was as follows.
- PI-6 FDA-BAFL (4 e) 32.7 g (40 mmo 1) and NBS 17.1 g (96 mmo 1) obtained in Example 4 The bromination reaction, purification, and analysis are performed in the same manner, and about 4.8% of the total 12 benzylic hydrogens per unit are brominated.
- PI-6 FDA-BAFL (4 Me)-Br (4.8%) was obtained, in which about 0.58 hydrogen atoms were replaced by S bromine atoms. .
- Ar-CH-Br 2 ( ⁇ : 6.3 to 6.6 ppm, br-m, integral value: 0.00)
- Ar-CH 2 -Br (6: 4.1 to 4.4 ppm, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ : 2.00)
- a r-C ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ : 1.9 to 2.2 ppm br-m, fI ⁇ ffi: 17.71)
- the resulting bromine-modified product was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. Shows the results of the analysis performed.
- a r CH-Br 2 (6: 6.3 to 6.6 ppm, brm, integrated value: 0.04) Ar-CH,-Br ( ⁇ : 4.1 to 4.5 ppm, br- m, integral value: 2.00)
- a r-CH ( ⁇ : 1.9 ⁇ 2.2ppm rm, fl ffi: 0.61)
- Example 7 Using ⁇ I- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 64-BAFL (4 Me) 24.7 g (40 mmo 1) obtained in Example 7 and NBS 34.2 g (192 mmol), The bromination reaction, purification, and analysis were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and about 22.1 of all 12 hydrogen at the BAFL (4Me) site were obtained.
- % Brominated that is, a bromine-modifying card-type polyimide with about 2.82 hydrogen atoms replaced by bromine atoms [PI-PMBP64- BAFL (4 e) -Br (22.1%)] was obtained.
- Ar-CH-Br 2 ( ⁇ : 6.3 to 6.6 pptn, br-m, integrated value: 0.00) Ar-CH 2 -Br (6: 4.l to 4.5 ppm, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 5 ilS : 2.00) Ar-CH 3 ( ⁇ : l. 9 ⁇ 2.2ppm, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ fit: 1.58)
- finolene film formation was carried out using ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ P ⁇ 1 BP 6 -1— ⁇ AFL (4Me) -Br (22.1%), and the odor was reduced.
- a denatured power type polyimide film was obtained.
- the gas permeation performance of the obtained bromine-modified, pressure-sensitive, polyimide film was as follows.
- Example 7 The PI-PMBP64-BAFL (4 e) 24.7 g (40 mmo 1) and NBS 17.1 g (96 mmo 1) obtained in Example 7 were used in the same manner as in Example 1. The bromination reaction, purification, and analysis were carried out in the same manner, and about 7.3% of all 12 benzene-hydrogens at the BAFL (4 Me) site were brominated. That is, PI—PMBP64—BAFL (4Me) —Br (7.3%) replaced with about 0.88 hydrogen atom S bromine atoms was obtained.
- Ar-CH-Br 2 ( ⁇ : 6.3 to 6.6 ppm, br_m, integral value: 0.00) Ar-CH 2 -Br ( ⁇ : 4.l to 4.4 pm, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ifi: 2.20) Ar-CH 3 ( ⁇ : 1.9 to 2.2 ppm, br-m 3 ⁇ 4 '(il :: 11.73)
- Example 7 Using PI-PMBP64-BAFL (4Me) 24.7 g (40 mmol) obtained in Example 7 and 8.6 g (48 mmol) of NBS, the odor was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. After performing the iodination reaction, purification and analysis, about 2.4% of all the 12 hydrogens at the benzyl position at the BAFL (4Me) site were brominated, that is, . Chi about 0 2 nine PI-PMBP64-BAFL that the substitution of a hydrogen atom force S odor containing nuclear (4Me) - B ⁇ ⁇ was obtained (2. 4%) c
- a film was formed using the obtained PI-PMBP64-BAFL (4Me) _Br (2.4%) to obtain a bromine-modified card-type polyimide film.
- Gas permeability of the obtained bromine-modified force-type polyimide film Noh was as follows.
- the concentration of the diethanolamine was 280 to 300 cm.
- a characteristic Spectral Waveform was confirmed, and the bromine power of PI-PMBP64-BAFL (4 e) -Br (7.3%) was confirmed. It was confirmed that this was a non-aqueous-type polyimide which was replaced by a non-reactive type.
- the denaturing polyamide resin was denatured and dissolved in NMP, and the film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1. A dendritic polyimide membrane was obtained. Gas permeation of the obtained poly (amide) film The performance was as follows:
- the characteristic of the derivative was found to be 280 to 300 cm- 1. Spectral waveforms were confirmed, and some bromine in PI-PMBP64-BAFL (4Me) -Br (7.3%) was replaced with diethylamine. It was confirmed that this was a modified polyethylene-based polyimide.
- the gas permeation performance of the polyethylene amide variable force type polyimide film obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was as follows.
- the gas permeation performance of the morpholine-modifying / forceless type polyimide film obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was as follows.
- X 10 is m 3 -m / (m 2 -s' Pa) (67.3 barrel-)
- the precipitated polymer was recovered, and 500 ml of fresh distilled water was pulverized and washed with a kamo-mixer, and further washed with 500 ml of distilled water. Washing was carried out three times, and then washing was carried out three times with 400 ml of methanol. Thereafter, the resultant was vacuum-dried at 50 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a hydroxyl-modified product.
- Example 9 Obtained in Example 9 ⁇ PI-PMBP64-BAFL (4 e) -Br (7.3%) 2 78 g (4 mmo I) dissolved in 80 ml of tetrahydrofuran at room temperature? 0.56 g (8.0 mmo 1) of Sodium Dimethomethoxide and Tetra n-butylinone monoxide chloride.
- the reaction solution obtained by mixing 12 g (0.4 mmo 1) of the mixture, stirring vigorously and reacting at room temperature for 5 hours was treated in the same manner as in Example 14 to obtain a methylthiol. A metamorphic form was obtained.
- the thiomorpholino group-denaturing ability was dissolved in NMP, and the film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 to form a thiomorpholino-group-modifying ability.
- a doped polyimide film was obtained.
- the gas permeation performance of the obtained thiomolholino-modified card-type polyimid membrane was as follows.
- PI-PMBP64-BAFL (4Me) -Br (7.3%) obtained in Example 9 2. 7.8 g (1 mmo)) was dissolved in 50 ml of dimethylsolemorexide (DMS 0) at room temperature, and 0.47 g (4.8 mmo l) of acetic acid power was dissolved. ) And tetramethyleneethylenediamine were reacted with each other at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction solution was treated in the same manner as in Example 11 to obtain a modified acetyloxy group.
- DMS 0 dimethylsolemorexide
- Example 2 Using this acetyloxy-modified canolide-type polyimide, the melting angle is advanced to NMP, and the film is formed in the same manner as in Example 1. A molded polyimide film was obtained.
- the gas permeation performance of the obtained acetyl-siloxane modified force type polyimide film was as follows.
- 601 X 10— is m 3 -m / (m 2 -s-Pa) (80.1 barrer)
- Example 9 2.78 g (1 mmol) of PJ—P ⁇ 1 BP64—B ⁇ FL (4Me) —Br (7.33 ⁇ 4) obtained in Example 9 was added to dichloromethane at room temperature. Dissolved in 80 ml of methane, and tetraethylenolanemonide 1.25 (8.0 mmol) and tetramethylenethylene The reaction was carried out at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction solution was treated in the same manner as in Example 11 to obtain a cyano group-modified product.
- Example 1 A membrane was obtained.
- the gas permeation performance of the obtained snorefone-modified canoledo-type polyimid membrane was as follows.
- the precipitated polymer was collected, and distilled water (500 m) was further crushed and washed with a mixer, and further distilled water (50 m3) three times.
- the cells were washed and washed three times with 400 ml of methanol. Thereafter, the resultant was vacuum-dried at 50 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a modified nitro group.
- PI-BTDA-BAFL (4e) 27. ⁇ g (40mmo1) and NBS51.3g (288mmo1) were used in the same manner as Example 1
- the resulting product was subjected to a bromine denaturation reaction and purification to obtain a bromine-denatured PI-BT 1) A-BAFL (4Me).
- Example 22 Using PI-BTDA-BAFL (4Me) 27.5 g (40 mmo 1) and NBS 28.5 g (160 mmol) obtained in Example 22 in the same manner as in Example 1 The bromine denaturation reaction, purification, and analysis were performed, and PI-BTDA-BAFL (4Me) -Br (15. 6%).
- Ar-CH 2 -Br ( ⁇ : 4.1.44.4 111 1 111, integrated value: 4.
- finolem film formation was performed using PI—BTDA—BAFL (4Me) —Br (15.6%), and bromine denaturing force type polyimid. A film was obtained.
- the gas permeation performance of the obtained bromine-modified pressure-resistant ball-type polyimide film was as follows.
- Example 2 4 (Large power lj bromination reaction of PI-BPDA-BAFL (4 Me)) PI-BPDA-BAFL (4Me) obtained in Example 1 13.3 g (20mrao 1) was stirred and dissolved in 500 ml of 1,2-dichloromethane at room temperature for 1 day at room temperature, and 51.3 g (288 mmol) of NBS and 1.0 g of AIBN were added. The reaction was carried out for 24 hours under reflux conditions (solution temperature about 90 100 ° C). After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was applied to 4.5 liters of methanol and the polymer was obtained as a precipitate.
- a ⁇ ⁇ -CH-Br (5: 6.4 to 6.6 ppm, brm, integrated value: 0.14)
- a r CH 2 -Br ( ⁇ : 4.1 to 4.4 ppm, brm, Integral value: 2.00)
- ⁇ r-CH (5: 1.9 to 2.2 ppm, bn, integral value: 0.11)
- Example 2 5 (large excess of PI-6FDA-BAFL (4Me) (j bromination reaction)) PI6.2FDA-BAFL (4Me) obtained in Example 4 Using 51.3 g (288 mrao 1) of NBS, the bromine denaturation reaction, purification and analysis were carried out in the same manner as in Example 24 to obtain about 36 of 12 hydrogens at all benzyl positions. PI-6FDA-BAFL (4Me) -Br (36.8%) was obtained with 8% brominated.
- Example 2 [-6 FDA-BAF and (4Me) Br (36.8%) were used to form a film, and bromine denaturation was performed. A card-type polyimide film was obtained.
- the gas permeation performance of the resulting bromine-modified power-type polyimide membrane was as follows.
- 29 X 10- is m 3 ⁇ m / (m 2 - s - Pa) (3. 9 ba rrer)
- Example 26 Large excess bromination reaction of 6 (PI-BTDA-BAF "4Me) PI-BTDA-BAF (4Me) obtained in Example 22 (4Me) 13.8 g (20mmo1) and NBS Using 1.3 g (288 mmo 1), the bromine denaturation reaction, purification and analysis were carried out in the same manner as in Example 24, and about 12 of the 12 hydrogens at all benzyl positions were obtained. 3 5.6% is brominated to give PI -BTDA-BAFL (4Me) -Br (35. 6%) c
- Ar-CH-Br 2 ( ⁇ : 6.4 to 6.6 ppm, br-mJ ®: 0.11) Ar-CH 2 -Br ( ⁇ : 4.1 to 4.4 m, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ :. 2. 00) Ar - CH 3 (8: l 9 ⁇ 2.2ppm, br-m, II j- fil:: 0.10) [Bromine modification rate] 35.6%
- Example 2 a film was formed using this PI-BTDA-BAFL (4Me) -Br (35.6%), and bromine was formed. As a result, a denaturing force type polyimide film was obtained.
- the gas permeation performance of the obtained bromine-modified power-note type polyimide membrane was as follows.
- TG-MS Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrometry
- trap GC / MS and gas chromatography are based on trapping a part of the gas generated in the TG device with an adsorbent. Is a method of examining gas generated by reheating of the adsorbent by GCMS analysis.
- Atmosphere Hermetic flow (30 m 1 / m i ⁇ )
- Ar-CH 2 -C 1 ( ⁇ : 4.3-4.5 ppm, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ (iS: 2.00)
- Ar-CH 3 ( ⁇ : l. 9 ⁇ 2.2 ppm, br-m, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ liS: 10.01)
- Example 7 Using PI-PMBP64-BAFL (4Me) 24.7 g (40 mmo 1) obtained in Example 7 and NCS 38.5 g (288 mmo 1) obtained in Example 7 in the same manner as in Example 27 Then, a chlorine denaturation reaction, purification and analysis were performed, and about 7.0% of all 12 benzyl hydrogens were chlorinated. PI-PMBP64-BAF (4Me)-C1 (7.0%).
- the film is made using this PI-BPDA-BAFL (4Et) -Br
- the film was formed to obtain a bromine-modified cardo-type polyimide film.
- the gas permeation performance of the obtained bromine-modified power-type polyimide film has a slightly lower carbon dioxide and nitrogen permeability coefficient than PI-BPDA-BAFL (4Et). Nevertheless, the carbon dioxide / nitrogen separation factor improved.
- the film is formed using this PI—BPDA—BAME (4Me) -Br, and the bromine-modified card-type poly is used. An imid film was obtained.
- the gas permeation performance of the resulting brominated denatured canoledo-type polyimid membrane is slightly lower than that of PI-BPDA-BAME (4 Me) in terms of the permeability coefficient of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. However, the carbon dioxide / nitrogen separation factor improved.
- PA-BAFL (4Me) and NBS a bromine denaturation reaction, purification and analysis were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, PA-BAFL (4Me) -Br having the following structural formula, in which several% of 12 elements were brominated, was obtained.
- Example 2 a film was formed using this PA-BAFL (4Me) -Br, and a bromine-modified card-type polyimide was formed. A film was obtained.
- the gas permeation performance of the obtained bromine-modified power-type polyamide membrane is slightly lower than that of PA-BAFL (4Me) in terms of the carbon dioxide and nitrogen permeability coefficients, but the carbon dioxide permeability coefficient is lower. Element / nitrogen separation factor Has improved
- PA-BAPI (4Me) and NBS Using the obtained PA-BAPI (4Me) and NBS, a bromine denaturation reaction, purification and analysis were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a total of 12 hydrogens at all benzyl positions. number . /. Was obtained, and PA-BAPI (4Me) -Br having the following structural formula was obtained.
- PS-BHCHE-Br having the following structural formula was obtained.
- PI-BPDA-BNFL (2Me) -Br having the following structural formula, in which a few% of the pieces were brominated, was obtained.
- Example 40 (Synthesis of PI-BPDA-BAMFL (2Me) -Br) Dimethylated 9,9-vis ( ⁇ -aminomethyl) phenol [BAMFL (2Me)] and BPDA are each in the form of L, etc.
- a PI-BPD having the following structural formula is polymerized by performing a polyimidization reaction by a general dehydration condensation as shown in Example 1 to be polymerized.
- ⁇ BAMFL (2 Me) was obtained.
- a phenolic film was formed using this PI-BPDA-BACHE-Br to obtain a bromine-modified polyimide.
- the gas permeation performance of the resulting bromine-modifying polyimide film obtained from the membrane was higher than that of PI- ⁇ 1) ⁇ -BACHE, and was more permeable to carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The coefficient dropped slightly, but the carbon dioxide / nitrogen separation coefficient rose.
- the following structural formula can be obtained by addition polymerization (vinyl polymerization) using dimethylidene phenol phenol [FL (2Me)].
- the obtained polymethylidene noreolelen [PFL (2 Me)] was obtained.
- the following structure is obtained by using methylated methyl phthalide [PHTL (Me)] to perform caropolymerization (vinylin polymerization).
- the polymethylidene phthalide [PPHTL (Me)] having the formula was obtained.
- Example 33 Dimethylated 9,9-bis ( ⁇ -aminomethyltinole) fluorene [BAMFL (2Me)] and isophthalic acid dichloride As shown in Example 33, a general polyimid polymerization reaction was carried out, and PA-BAFL (2M) having the following structural formula was used. e) was obtained.
- Example 4 7 (Production and performance of asymmetric hollow fiber membrane)
- the PI-P BP64-BAFL (4Me) -Br (29.0%) obtained in Example 7 was used in a hollow fiber film forming apparatus using a double annular spinning nozzle. Asymmetric hollow hollow fiber film formation was performed successively.
- NMP N main Chinore pin B Li de down
- an asymmetric hollow fiber membrane having a gas separation active layer inside the hollow fiber was obtained. After the remaining solution was replaced with ion-exchanged water, it was dried, and the resulting asymmetric hollow fiber membrane was subjected to a heat treatment at about 300 ° C. and 30 minutes. Create a module by bundling empty yarn membranes and packing them in a housing.
- the obtained asymmetric hollow fiber membrane module is equipped with a gas chromatograph as a detector and a pressure-reducing gas transmission velocity measuring device. using the location, measured in conditions of constant temperature 3 5 ° C (308) ⁇ beauty pressure difference 1 atm (tooth 0 X 10 5 P a), the result of the measure the transmission rate of the vapor body hereinafter It was just as it was.
- Example 2 5 g of PI-BPDA-BAFL (4 Me) obtained in Example 1 was dissolved in 50 ml of NMP under heating at 80 ° C, and the solution was uniformly spread on a glass plate. After casting to an appropriate thickness, the film was dried in a dryer at 60 ° C for 1 hour and at 80 ° C for 5 hours. After that, it is immersed in distilled water to peel off the finolem from the glass plate, and then dried at 210 ° C for 12 days using a vacuum dryer. A canoledo-type polyimid film of I-BPDA-BAFL (4Me) was obtained.
- the gas permeation performance of the obtained card-type polyimid membrane was as follows.
- the gas transmission performance of the obtained card-type polyimid film was as follows.
- the gas permeation performance of the obtained card-type polyimid membrane was as follows.
- the gas permeability of the obtained force-doped polyimid membrane was as follows.
- the bromine-modified polyimide film represented by the general formula (1) has a lower bromine-modification rate. Force; CO ”/ N : Separation coefficient is improved, controlling the rate of bromine denaturation to better control gas selectivity ( ⁇ ). It was found that we could do it
- the bromine-modified cardo-type polyimide film represented by the general formula (1) has a higher bromine modification rate. care KaradaToru caustic [P (C 0 2)] is decreased brought to you above, Ki good Ku control out of the by Ri care body transparently sex in and this Ru control to the odor-containing denatured rate It was decided that
- the bromine denaturing force-type polyimid membrane of the present invention shows that the bromination reaction during the bromination reaction is possible.
- the gas selectivity ( ⁇ ) and the gas selectivity which show the separation performance as a gas separation membrane by controlling the bromine denaturation rate, can be controlled. It has been found that the permeability [ ⁇ (C 0 2 )] can be well controlled, and that a gas separation membrane having desired separation performance can be easily designed.
- the gas permeability and the gas selectivity are improved, and the gas permeability and the gas selectivity are controlled.
- a gas separation membrane having such excellent gas permeability and gas selectivity and easily designing the performance of the separation membrane is also provided.
- the present invention can provide a deformable volume type polyimide which can be produced by the above method and a method for producing the same.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
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DE60031862T DE60031862T2 (de) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-03-22 | Gasseparationsmembran und verfahren zur herstellung eines polymers |
EP00911286A EP1213049B8 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-03-22 | Gas separation membrane and process for producing a polymer |
CA002367842A CA2367842C (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-03-22 | Resin material for gas separation base and process for producing the same |
JP2000606327A JP3994185B2 (ja) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-03-22 | 気体分離基材用樹脂材料及びその製造方法 |
US09/937,143 US6531569B1 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-03-22 | Resin material for gas separation base and process for producing the same |
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JP7799499 | 1999-03-23 | ||
JP11/77994 | 1999-03-23 |
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PCT/JP2000/001751 WO2000056430A1 (fr) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-03-22 | Materiau resine destine a un support de separation de gaz et procede de production associe |
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US (1) | US6531569B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1213049B8 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3994185B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2367842C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60031862T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000056430A1 (ja) |
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JP2006348311A (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2006-12-28 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 特異な光特性を有する高分子化合物と、電子受容性化合物又は電子供与性化合物からなる組成物、該組成物からなる紫外線透過材料及び耐光性高分子材料、並びに、該組成物を用いた電荷輸送材料 |
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JP2013213030A (ja) * | 2012-03-09 | 2013-10-17 | Osaka Gas Chem Kk | フルオレン骨格を有するポリカルボン酸およびその製造方法 |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2006348311A (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2006-12-28 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 特異な光特性を有する高分子化合物と、電子受容性化合物又は電子供与性化合物からなる組成物、該組成物からなる紫外線透過材料及び耐光性高分子材料、並びに、該組成物を用いた電荷輸送材料 |
JP4542075B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2010-09-08 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 特異な光特性を有する高分子化合物と、電子受容性化合物又は電子供与性化合物からなる組成物、該組成物からなる紫外線透過材料及び耐光性高分子材料、並びに、該組成物を用いた電荷輸送材料 |
JP2007246400A (ja) * | 2006-03-13 | 2007-09-27 | Air Water Inc | フルオレン骨格含有フタルイミド類及びそれから誘導されるジアミン類 |
JP2007211256A (ja) * | 2007-05-23 | 2007-08-23 | Ube Ind Ltd | 親水性ポリイミド多孔質膜及びその製造方法 |
JP2013213030A (ja) * | 2012-03-09 | 2013-10-17 | Osaka Gas Chem Kk | フルオレン骨格を有するポリカルボン酸およびその製造方法 |
JP2014152326A (ja) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-25 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | カルドポリベンズイミダゾール共重合体、ガス分離膜及びその製造方法 |
WO2017130604A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガス分離膜、ガス分離モジュール、ガス分離装置、及びガス分離方法 |
JPWO2017130604A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-11-01 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガス分離膜、ガス分離モジュール、ガス分離装置、及びガス分離方法 |
WO2019165597A1 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | Evonik (Shanghai) Investment Management Co., Ltd. | Functionalized polyimides and membranes for gas separations |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1213049A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 |
CA2367842C (en) | 2007-01-16 |
DE60031862T2 (de) | 2007-09-06 |
EP1213049B1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
EP1213049A4 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
JP3994185B2 (ja) | 2007-10-17 |
US6531569B1 (en) | 2003-03-11 |
DE60031862D1 (de) | 2006-12-28 |
CA2367842A1 (en) | 2000-09-28 |
EP1213049B8 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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