WO2000001088A1 - Emetteur-recepteur adaptatif - Google Patents
Emetteur-recepteur adaptatif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000001088A1 WO2000001088A1 PCT/JP1999/003478 JP9903478W WO0001088A1 WO 2000001088 A1 WO2000001088 A1 WO 2000001088A1 JP 9903478 W JP9903478 W JP 9903478W WO 0001088 A1 WO0001088 A1 WO 0001088A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transmission
- reception
- antenna
- adaptive
- antenna weight
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
- H04B7/0854—Joint weighting using error minimizing algorithms, e.g. minimum mean squared error [MMSE], "cross-correlation" or matrix inversion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adaptive transceiver for a base station that removes interference of other users during reception by antenna directivity control and reduces interference to other users during transmission, and mainly relates to a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).
- the present invention relates to an adaptive transmission / reception device of a system. Background art
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- an adaptive antenna as the base station antenna, an adaptive transmitter / receiver that removes interference from other users and interference due to delayed waves during reception and does not interfere with other users during transmission has been greatly studied. ing.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are block diagrams showing an example of a k-th user adaptive transmitting / receiving apparatus of a base station in a conventional DS (Direct Sequence) -CDMA scheme.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an m-th path adaptive receiving sub-block 36m of the conventional k-th user adaptive transmitting / receiving apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an m-th adaptive transmission sub-block 1 Om of the conventional k-th user adaptive transmission device shown in FIG.
- the conventional k-th user adaptive transmitting / receiving apparatus includes a second path search circuit 34, a second k-th user adaptive receiving section 35, a first direction of arrival estimating circuit 37, and a receiving antenna weight generating circuit 3 81 to 38 M, transmission antenna weight generation circuits 301 to 30 M, and a k-th user adaptive transmission unit 9.
- N antenna reception signals 1 to antenna reception signal N are codes of a desired wave signal and a plurality of interference wave signals received by N antenna elements arranged close so that each reception signal has a correlation. It is a multiplexed signal. Since the following processing is performed digitally in the baseband, N antenna reception signals 1 to N are converted from the radio band to the baseband, and from analog to digital. Shall be
- the second path search circuit 34 obtains path delay time information D1 to DM of the desired wave signal of the k-th user from the received signal multiplexed by the plurality of user signals.
- the second k-th user adaptive receiving section 35 includes a first delay circuit 31 to 3M, a second m-th path adaptive receiving sub-block 36 1 to 36 M, and a first adder 5 Consists of The first delay circuits 31 to 3M transmit N antenna reception signals 1 to N to the path delay time information D 1 to DM of the desired signal output from the second path search circuit 34. Based on the multipath.
- the first adder 5 adds the outputs of the second m-th path adaptive reception sub-blocks 36 1 to 36 M and outputs a k-th user demodulated signal.
- the second m-th path adaptive reception sub-block 36 1 to 36 M includes a despreading circuit 121 to 12 M, a reception weighting / synthesizing unit 13, and a demodulating unit 16. It is composed of The second m-th path adaptive reception sub-blocks 36 1 to 36 M are the antenna reception signals 1 to N and the output of the m-th reception antenna weight generation circuit 38 1 to 38 M. m Receive antenna weights Wr1 to WrM are input.
- the despreading circuits 12 1 to 12 N perform a correlation calculation between the antenna reception signals 1 to N and the spread code C k of the k-th user. Assuming that the spreading code C k is a complex code composed of codes C k I and C k Q having a two-series orthogonal relationship, the despreading circuit 1 2 1 to 1 2 N includes one complex multiplier and a symbol interval. Averaging circuit Wear. Also, the despreading circuits 121 to 12N can be realized by a transversal filter configuration using C k as a tap weight.
- the reception weighting / combining unit 13 includes first complex multipliers 141 to 14N and a second adder 15. By multiplying the outputs of the despreading circuits 12 1 to 12 N by the m-th receiving antenna weights Wm 1 to WmN and adding them, a signal received is generated according to the antenna directivity pattern unique to the m-th path.
- the demodulation unit 16 includes a transmission path estimation circuit 17 and a second complex multiplier 18.
- An output obtained by multiplying the output of the reception weighting synthesis unit 13 by the complex conjugate of the transmission path estimation output is the output of the second m-th path adaptive reception sub-block 36m.
- the output of the second m-th path adaptive reception sub-block 36m is added by the adder 5, and the output of the adder 5 becomes the demodulated signal of the k-th user.
- the first direction-of-arrival estimating circuit 37 receives the N antenna received signals 1 to N and receives the M received signals multiplexed by the plurality of user signals to obtain M desired signals of the k-th user.
- the direction of arrival of the wave signal is estimated.
- a method of estimating the direction of arrival there is, for example, the MUSIC method.
- the M m-th receiving antenna weight generation circuits 381 to 38M provide gains in the desired signal arrival direction based on the M estimated arrival directions 0r1 to 0rM output from the first arrival direction estimation circuit 37.
- the m-th receiving antenna weight (steering vector) W r1 to W r M that forms the directional pattern having
- M m-th transmitting antenna weight generation circuit 30; 3030 M is a directivity pattern having a gain in the same user transmission direction as the desired signal arrival direction based on the M estimated arrival directions 0 r 1 to 0 rM output from the first direction-of-arrival estimation circuit 37.
- the reception and transmission frequencies are different. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the reception antenna weight and the transmission antenna weight independently based on the estimated direction of arrival. Also, in the case of the TDD (Time Division Duplex) method, the reception and transmission frequencies are equal, so that the reception antenna weight can be directly used as the transmission antenna weight.
- the k-th user adaptive transmission section 9 performs the m-th adaptive transmission sub-block 10 1 to 1
- the third adders 111 to 11N combine the outputs of the m-th adaptive transmission sub-blocks 101 to 10M for every N transmission antennas, and transmit the N synthesized antenna transmission signals 1 to synthesis Outputs antenna transmission signal N. Note that the N synthesized antenna received signals 1 to N are subjected to digit-to-Z analog conversion and frequency conversion from the baseband to the wireless band.
- the first adaptive transmission sub-blocks 101 to 10M include a transmission weighting / synthesizing unit 31 and spreading circuits 331 to 33N.
- the m-th adaptive transmission sub-block 101 to 10M converts the m-th reception antenna weight W tm (Wtml to WtmM), which is the output of the transmission antenna weight generation circuit 301 to 30M, and the k-th user transmission signal. input.
- the transmission weighting / combining unit 31 includes fourth complex multipliers 32 1 to 32 N. By multiplying the k-th user transmission signal by the m-th transmission antenna weight Wtm (Wtml to WtmN), a signal transmitted by the m-th unique antenna directivity pattern is generated.
- the spreading circuits 331 to 33N spread the N outputs of the transmission weighting / combining unit 31 using the spreading code C k of the k-th user to generate N antenna transmission signals 1 to N. I do. Assuming that the spreading code Ck is a complex code consisting of codes CkI and CkQ having two orthogonal relations, the spreading circuits 331 to 33N are composed of one complex multiplier and an averaging circuit over the symbol interval. realizable. Also, the spreading circuits 331 to 33N can be realized by a transversal filter configuration using C k as a tap weight.
- the N antenna reception signals 1 to N include a desired wave signal component, an interference wave signal component, and thermal noise. Furthermore, a multipath component exists in each of the desired wave signal component and the interference wave signal component. Usually, these signal components come from different directions.
- the conventional CDMA adaptive transceiver shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 prepares a first direction-of-arrival estimation circuit 37 to estimate the direction of arrival of each multipath of a desired signal, and
- the reception weighting / synthesizing unit 13 performs weighting / synthesis of the received signal and the transmission weighting / synthesizing unit 31 performs weighting / synthesis of the transmission signal so as to maximize the signal power of each path.
- the antenna gains (directivity patterns) of the second m-th path adaptive reception sub-blocks 361 to 36M and the m-th adaptive transmission sub-block 101 to 10M are each equal to the desired signal at the time of reception. It is formed so as to be larger in the direction of arrival of multipath.
- the reception and transmission frequencies are different. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the reception antenna weight and the transmission antenna weight independently based on the estimated direction of arrival.
- the reception and transmission frequencies are the same, so the weight of the reception antenna can be directly used as the weight of the transmission antenna.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing another example of the conventional k-th user adaptive receiver.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an m-th path adaptive reception sub-block 4 Om of the conventional k-th user adaptive transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIG.
- the number of transmitting and receiving antennas is N (N is an integer of 1 or more)
- the number of users is K (K is an integer of 1 or more)
- the number of multipaths per user is M (M is an integer of 1 or more).
- 12 shows the k-th user adaptive receiver in the case.
- the conventional k-th user adaptive receiver includes a second path search circuit 34 and a third k-th user adaptive receiver 39.
- N antenna reception signals 1 to N It is a signal obtained by code-multiplexing a desired wave signal and a plurality of thousand-wave signals received by N antennas arranged so as to be close to each other. Since the following processing is performed digitally in the baseband, N antenna reception signals 1 to N are frequency-converted from the radio band to the baseband, and analog / digital conversion is performed. It has been done.
- the second path search circuit 34 obtains path delay time information D1 to DM of the desired wave signal of the k-th user from the received signal multiplexed by the plurality of user signals.
- the third k-th user adaptive receiving section 39 includes a first delay circuit 31 to 3M, a third m-th path adaptive receiving sub-block 401 to 40M, and a first adder 5 And a decision circuit 6.
- the first delay circuits 31 to 3M transmit N antenna reception signals 1 to N to the path delay time information D 1 to DM of the desired signal output from the second path search circuit 34. Based on the multipath.
- the first adder 5 adds the outputs of the third m-th path adaptive reception sub-blocks 401 to 40M, and outputs a k-th user demodulated signal.
- the decision circuit 6 makes a hard decision on the output of the first adder 5, and outputs a k-th user decision symbol.
- the third m-th path adaptive reception sub-block 41 1 to 40 M includes a despreading circuit 121 to 12 M, a reception weighting synthesis unit 13, a demodulation unit 16, and a third complex multiplication. , An error detection circuit 20, a second delay circuit 21, and a reception antenna weight control circuit 22.
- the third m-th path adaptive reception sub-blocks 401 to 40M receive antenna reception signal 1 to antenna reception signal N and the k-th user determination symbol output from the determination circuit 6.
- the despreading circuits 12 1 to 12 N calculate the correlation between the antenna reception signals 1 to N delayed by the first delay circuits 31 to 3 M and the spreading code C k of the k-th user. Do. Assuming that the spreading code C k is a complex code composed of codes C k I and C k Q having two orthogonal relations, the despreading circuit 1 2 1 to 1 2 N has one complex multiplier and one symbol interval. And an averaging circuit of Despreading circuit 1 2:! ⁇ 1 2 N It can also be realized by a transversal filter configuration using Ck as the tap weight.
- the reception weighting / combining unit 13 includes a first complex multiplier 14 1 to 14 N and a second adder 15. Despreading circuit 1 2 1 to 1 2 N output receive antenna weight
- a received signal is generated with an antenna directivity pattern unique to the mth path.
- the demodulation unit 16 includes a transmission path estimation circuit 17 and a second complex multiplier 18.
- the output obtained by multiplying the output of the reception weighting synthesis unit 13 by the complex conjugate of the transmission path estimation output is the output of the third m-th path adaptive reception sub-block 40 m.
- the third complex multiplier 19 multiplies the k-th user judgment symbol by a transmission path estimation output.
- the error detection circuit 20 calculates the difference between the output of the third complex multiplier 19 and the output of the reception weighting synthesis unit 13 and detects the reception antenna weight control error em.
- the second delay circuit 21 delays the output of the despreading circuits 12 1 to 12 N according to the processing time of the reception weighting / synthesizing unit 13, demodulation circuit 16, error detection circuit 20, and the like.
- the reception antenna weight control circuit 22 calculates reception antenna weights Wm 1 to Wm N from the reception antenna weight control error em and the output of the second delay circuit 21.
- known symbols can be used instead of decision symbols.
- the N antenna reception signals 1 to N include a desired wave signal component, an interference wave signal component, and thermal noise. Furthermore, a multipath component exists in each of the desired wave signal component and the interference wave signal component. Usually, these signal components come from different directions.
- the conventional CDMA adaptive receiving apparatus shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 prepares the third m-th path adaptive receiving sub-block 401 to 40 M independently for the multipath component of the desired signal component, Desired signal power vs. interference signal power for signal components of each path
- Each reception weighting / combining unit 13 performs weighting / combining of the received signals so as to maximize the ratio (SIR).
- the antenna gain (directivity pattern) for the direction of arrival of the third m-th path adaptive reception sub-block 401 to 40M increases in the direction of arrival of the signal component of each path. It is formed to be small with respect to the delayed wave signal component and the interference wave signal component.
- the least square mean error (MMSE: Control method is generally based on Minimum Mean Square Error (criteria). In the control method based on the MMSE standard, it is not necessary to know the path arrival direction of the desired signal, and it is not possible to directly know the path arrival direction of the desired signal. Therefore, in order to generate the transmission antenna weights that form the transmission directivity pattern as in the conventional CDMA adaptive transmission / reception apparatus shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, a means for separately estimating the path arrival direction of the desired signal is required. I need.
- LMS least mean square
- the first problem of the conventional technique is that the receiving section of the conventional k-th user adaptive transmitting and receiving apparatus shown in FIGS. Control cannot be performed, and the performance is degraded compared to the control based on the MMSE standard.
- the k-th user adaptive receiving section performs reception weighting / synthesis using an antenna weight adapted only to the path arrival direction of the estimated desired signal.
- the second problem is that, when the conventional k-th user adaptive receiver that performs control based on the MMSE standard shown in FIGS. Means for estimating the direction of arrival of the desired signal for obtaining the weights must be provided independently of the receiving unit, which leads to an increase in the size of the device. That is, the k-th user adaptive receiver using the control method based on the MMSE criterion cannot directly know the path arrival direction of the desired signal. In the case of the TDD scheme, the reception antenna weight controlled based on the MMSE criterion can be directly used as the transmission antenna weight. In addition, if control is performed based on the direction of arrival estimation for both transmission and reception, the performance at the time of reception is not very good. On the other hand, if control is performed on the receiving side based on the MMSE criterion, a separate DOA estimating means for transmission is required, and there is a problem that the structure is enlarged.
- an object of the present invention is to estimate a path arrival direction of a desired signal using a reception antenna weight of a k-th user adaptation reception unit using a control method based on the MMSE criterion, and to determine a transmission antenna based on the estimation. It is to provide a means for generating weights. Disclosure of the invention
- the adaptive transmission / reception apparatus of the present invention forms a directional pattern for suppressing interference by other users or multipath during reception, estimates a direction of arrival of a path from reception antenna weights, and predicts a transmission direction from the estimated direction of arrival. It generates transmit antenna weights and forms a directional pattern to reduce interference with other users during transmission.
- path search means for obtaining path level information and path delay time information from an antenna reception signal, and N (N is a positive integer) antenna reception signals are inputted, M (M is a positive integer) adaptive reception for forming a reception directivity pattern having a gain in the direction of the desired signal for each path delay time, receiving the desired signal, and suppressing the interference signal
- a receiving antenna weight selecting means for selecting receiving antenna weights for L (L is an integer equal to or less than M) transmission paths using path level information from the M receiving antenna weights of the adaptive receiving unit;
- L transmission antenna weight controllers for determining transmission antenna weights for forming a transmission directivity pattern using the output of the reception antenna weight selector, and outputs of the transmission antenna weight controllers.
- An adaptive transmitter configured to form the transmission directivity pattern having a gain in the user direction using the transmission antenna weights, and to output N composite antenna transmission signals for transmitting the desired signal. It is characterized by having.
- the point according to the present invention is obtained by using only the receiving antenna weight of the adaptive receiving unit (the Determining the transmit antenna weight (without any other information).
- the adaptive receiving section receives the N antenna reception signals and path delay time information output from the path search means as inputs, and outputs M multipath signals.
- M number of delay means for adjusting timing according to a path delay time; and the reception directivity pattern having a gain in the direction of the M number of multipaths to suppress the interference wave signal and produce the desired wave
- It comprises M adaptive receiving sub-blocks for receiving and demodulating a signal, an adder for combining the M demodulated signals, and determining means for performing a hard decision and outputting a decision symbol.
- the timing is adjusted based on the path delay time, then a directivity pattern is formed for each multipath, and finally, synthesis (RAKE reception) is performed.
- the antenna reception signal is a code division multiple access (CDMA) signal
- each of the M adaptive reception sub-blocks receives the N antenna reception signals and the determination symbol as inputs.
- N despreading means for despreading each of the N antenna received signals using a spreading code of the desired signal, a reception weighting synthesis unit for forming the reception directivity pattern,
- a demodulation unit for performing transmission channel estimation;
- a multiplier for multiplying a determination symbol by a complex transmission channel estimation value output from the demodulation unit to cancel a phase change due to carrier phase synchronization; and a despreading unit from an output of the multiplier.
- Error detection means for subtracting each output of the above-mentioned antennas to detect the reception antenna weight control error, and the outputs of the N despreading means according to the processing time of the reception weighting synthesis means and demodulation means.
- Delay means for delaying, and using the output of the delay means and the reception antenna weight control error, the reception based on a minimum mean square error (MMSE) standard so that the average power of the reception antenna weight control error is minimized.
- Receiving antenna weight control means for outputting an antenna weight.
- the receiving antenna weight is controlled based on the MMSE criterion by the m-th path adaptive sub-block, so that it is not necessary to know the path arrival direction, and it is not possible to know directly.
- the reception weighting / synthesizing unit receives the N antenna reception signals and the reception antenna weights as inputs, and receives N complex reception signals as reception signals.
- N complex multipliers for multiplying each of the complex multipliers, and an adder for synthesizing respective outputs of the N complex multipliers.
- the demodulation unit receives, as an input, an output of the weighting synthesis unit, and estimates a carrier wave amplitude and phase; and a complex transmission line which is an output of the transmission line estimation unit.
- a complex conjugate operation means for obtaining a complex conjugate of the estimated value; a multiplier for multiplying the output of the complex conjugate operation means by the output of the despreading means to perform carrier phase synchronization and at the same time weighting for maximum ratio combining. , And is characterized by having.
- the m-th path receiving antenna weight is detected by the m-th path adaptive sub-block.
- the receiving antenna weight selecting means includes: M receiving antenna weights which are outputs of the M adaptive receiving sub-blocks; path level information and a path level threshold which are outputs of the path searching means. A value and a maximum number of transmissions Lmax are input, and L paths that do not exceed the maximum number of transmissions Lmax in paths within the path level threshold from the level of the maximum path among the M receiving antenna weights The feature is to select the weight of the selective reception antenna corresponding to.
- L max is less than or equal to M and L is less than or equal to L max.
- the weight of the transmitting antenna is selected after selecting several receiving antenna weights with a large pass level. Furthermore, by selecting and transmitting a plurality of paths, a transmission diversity effect can be obtained.
- the transmission antenna weight control unit receives the selected reception antenna weight as an input, an arrival direction estimation unit that estimates an estimated arrival direction from the selected reception antenna weight, and an output of the arrival direction estimation unit.
- Transmission antenna weight generation means for calculating a transmission antenna weight for forming a directional pattern having a gain in a certain estimated direction of arrival.
- the arrival direction is estimated from the reception antenna weight.
- the transmission antenna weight is generated using the estimated arrival direction as the transmission direction.
- FDD Frequency Division on Dupl ex
- the frequency of reception and transmission may differ. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the direction of arrival from the weight of the receiving antenna once, and determine the weight of the transmitting antenna based on the direction.
- TDD Time Division Duplex
- the reception and transmission frequencies are equal, so that the reception antenna weight can be directly used as the transmission antenna weight.
- the transmission antenna weight control unit receives the selected reception antenna weight as input, and estimates an arrival direction from the selected reception antenna weight, and an output of the arrival direction estimation unit.
- Transmission direction prediction means for predicting the transmission direction based on the estimated arrival direction, and a transmission antenna for calculating a transmission antenna weight for forming a directional pattern having a gain in a predicted transmission direction which is an output of the transmission direction prediction means.
- a weight generation unit for generating weight for a weight of the transmission direction.
- the arrival direction is estimated from the reception antenna weight.
- the transmission direction is predicted from the estimated arrival direction.
- a transmission antenna weight is generated using the predicted transmission direction as the transmission direction. Also, in both the FDD scheme and the TDD scheme, it is possible to predict the transmission direction and generate transmission antenna weights.
- the arrival direction estimating unit receives the selected reception antenna weight as an input, and forms an arrival direction generation unit that sweeps the arrival direction in all directions, and forms a directivity pattern of a maximum antenna gain in the arrival direction.
- Steering vector generating means for determining an antenna weight to be calculated, correlation calculating means for calculating a correlation between the selected receiving antenna weight and an antenna weight which is an output of the steering vector generating means, and the correlation calculation for all the directions of arrival.
- a maximum value detecting means for detecting a maximum value of the output of the means, and a switching means for outputting the arrival direction at the time of detecting the maximum value as an estimated arrival direction.
- the direction of arrival is estimated using only reception antenna weights. Particularly, it is suitable for the FDD system.
- the transmission direction predicting unit is characterized in that the current direction of arrival is predicted using a past direction of arrival estimated late by control of the adaptive receiving unit.
- the first transmission antenna weight control unit allows the TD Even in the D method, it is possible to predict the transmission direction and generate the transmission antenna weight.
- the adaptive transmission unit receives L transmission antenna weights and transmission signals, which are outputs of the L transmission antenna weight control units, and obtains a gain in a user direction based on the transmission antenna weights.
- L adaptive transmission sub-blocks for forming a directional pattern having the following and transmitting N antenna transmission signals for transmitting a desired wave signal, and N antennas for combining the antenna transmission signals for each antenna And N adders for outputting signals.
- each of the adaptive transmission sub-blocks of the present invention receives the transmission antenna weight and the transmission signal as inputs, and a transmission weighting / combining unit for forming a transmission directivity pattern; and each of the N antenna transmission signals
- each of the N antenna transmission signals On the other hand, it has N spreading means for performing spreading using a spreading code of a desired signal.
- the transmission weighting / synthesizing unit of the present invention has N complex multipliers which receive the transmission antenna weight and the transmission signal as inputs, and multiply the transmission signal by N complex transmission antenna weights, respectively. It is characterized by.
- the actual transmission direction is predicted from the estimated value of the direction of arrival, it is possible to almost match the actual direction of arrival of the received signal.
- FIG. 1A and FIG. IB hereinafter, referred to as FIG. 1).
- 4M the 1st to Mth transmission antenna weight controllers (81 to 8M in FIG. 1), and the 1st to Lth adaptive transmission subblocks (101 to 10M in FIG. 1).
- the above disclosure makes it possible to easily determine the path arrival direction of a desired wave signal for an adaptive reception unit that performs control based on the MMSE criterion in order to estimate the path arrival direction from reception antenna weights. It can be estimated. Also estimated By predicting the transmission direction from the arrival direction, the current direction of arrival can be predicted using the past direction of arrival that is estimated late due to the control of the adaptive receiving unit.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are block diagrams showing an embodiment of a k-th user adaptive transmission / reception apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an m-th path adaptive reception sub-block of the k-th user adaptive transmission / reception apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a first transmission antenna weight control unit of the k-th user adaptive transmission / reception apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing another example of the first transmission antenna weight control unit of the k-th user adaptive transmission / reception apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the operation of the first transmission direction prediction circuit of the k-th user adaptive transmission / reception apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a first adaptive transmission sub-block of the k-th user adaptive transmission / reception apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are block diagrams showing an embodiment of a conventional k-th user adaptive transmission / reception apparatus.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an m-th path adaptive reception sub-block of a conventional k-th user adaptive transmission / reception apparatus.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an m-th adaptive transmission sub-block of a conventional k-th user adaptive transmission / reception device.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of a conventional k-th user adaptive receiver.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an m-th path adaptive reception sub-block of a conventional k-th user adaptive receiver.
- the multiplexed signal is a code division multiplexed signal
- N is an integer of 1 or more
- K is an integer of 1 or more
- L the maximum number of transmissions
- a k-th user adaptive transmission / reception apparatus includes a first path search circuit 1, a first k-th user adaptive receiver 2, a reception antenna weight selection circuit 7, a first transmission It is composed of antenna weight control units 81 to 8M and a k-th user adaptive transmission unit 9.
- k indicates an arbitrary user number in the total number of users K.
- the N antenna reception signals 1 to N are code-multiplexed with a desired wave signal and a plurality of interference wave signals received by N antennas arranged close to each other so that each reception signal has a correlation. Signal. Since the following processing is performed digitally in the baseband, N antenna reception signals 1 to N are frequency-converted from the radio band to the baseband, and analog Z-digital conversion is performed. Is converted to a baseband signal as a binary signal.
- the first path search circuit 1 calculates path level information P1 to PM, which are reception powers for each path of a k-th user's desired signal, from a reception signal multiplexed by a plurality of user signals, and multipath delay. Path delay time information D1 to DM, which are times, are obtained.
- the receiving antenna element is omni (omnidirectional)
- a path search is performed using the antenna reception signal from any one of the antenna elements.
- the receiving antenna element is directional, prepare a separate omnidirectional receiving antenna for path search, or perform reception weighting synthesis on the reception antenna signals of multiple reception antenna elements.
- the first k-th user adaptive receiving section 2 includes a first delay circuit 31 to 3M, a first m-th path adaptive receiving sub-block 41 to 4M, a first adder 5, It consists of circuit 6.
- the second delay circuit 3 1 to 3 M is composed of N antenna reception signals 1 to antenna
- the received signal N is delayed for each multipath based on path delay time information D1 to DM output from the first path search circuit 1.
- first m-th path adaptive reception sub-blocks 41 to 4M will be described later.
- the first adder 5 adds the outputs of the first m-th path adaptive reception sub-blocks 41 to 4M and outputs a k-th user demodulated signal.
- the determination circuit 6 performs a hard determination on the output of the first adder 5, and outputs a k-th user determination symbol.
- the reception antenna weight selection circuit 7 includes M reception antenna weights W 1 to WM, which are outputs of the M first m-th path adaptive reception sub-blocks 41 to 4 M, and an output of the first path search circuit 1.
- Path level information P ! ⁇ PM, path level threshold ⁇ P, and the maximum number of transmissions L are input, and path level information P1 ⁇ from M receiving antenna weights W1 ⁇ WM Based on PM, path level threshold ⁇ P, and maximum number of transmissions L, select selected antenna weights W r1 to W r L corresponding to L transmission paths.
- the maximum transmission path L including the maximum power path is selected from the arrival directions of the reception power within the path level threshold ⁇ P from the maximum power path.
- the arrival direction is selected as the transmission direction. If the path level threshold value ⁇ P is not set, the upper L arrival directions of the path level are always selected as the transmission directions.
- the maximum transmission number L is set to 1, only the direction of arrival of the maximum power path is always selected as the transmission direction. Also, by selecting a plurality of transmission paths, a transmission diversity effect can be obtained.
- the k-th user adaptive transmission section 9 includes ⁇ ⁇ th adaptive transmission sub-blocks 101 to 10L and third adders 111 to 11N.
- the third adder 1 1 1 to 1 1 N adds the output of the first adaptive reception sub-block 101 to 10 M for each antenna element, and outputs N synthesized antenna transmission signals 1 to synthesized antenna transmission signal. Output N.
- the N synthesized antenna transmission signals 1 to N are subjected to digital-to-analog conversion and frequency-converted from the baseband to the wireless band.
- the first m-th path adaptive reception sub-block in the k-th user adaptive receiver 2 is subjected to digital-to-analog conversion and frequency-converted from the baseband to the wireless band.
- the first m-th path adaptive reception sub-blocks 4 1 to 4 M include a despreading circuit 12 1 to 12 M, a reception weighting synthesis unit 13, a demodulation unit 16, It comprises three complex multipliers 19, an error detection circuit 20, a second delay circuit 21, and a reception antenna weight control circuit 22.
- the first m-th path adaptive reception sub-blocks 41 to 4M receive the antenna reception signals 1 to N and the k-th user determination symbol output from the determination circuit 6, respectively.
- the despreading circuits 12 1 to 12 N perform a correlation calculation between the antenna reception signals 1 to N and the spread code C k of the k-th user. Assuming that the spreading code C k is a complex code composed of codes C k I and C k Q in orthogonal relation of two sequences, the despreading circuit 1 2 1 to 1 2 N has one complex multiplier and a symbol interval. This can be realized with an averaging circuit. Also, the despreading circuits 12 1 to 12 N can be realized by a transversal filter configuration using a spreading code C k as a tap weight.
- the reception weighting / combining unit 13 includes first complex multipliers 14 1 to 14 N and a second adder 15.
- the output of the despreading circuit 1 2 1 to 1 2 N is multiplied by the receiving antenna weights Wm 1 to Wm N by the first complex multipliers 14 1 to 14 N and added by the second adder 15.
- a received signal is generated with an antenna directivity pattern unique to the m-th path.
- the demodulation unit 16 includes a transmission path estimation circuit 17 and a second complex multiplier 18.
- the output obtained by multiplying the output of the reception weighting and combining unit 13 by the complex conjugate of the channel estimation output obtained by estimating the channel in the channel estimation circuit 17 is the output of the first m-th path adaptive reception sub-block 4 m.
- the output of the first m-th path adaptive reception sub-block 4 m is added to the other first path adaptive reception sub-blocks 4 1 to 4 M by an adder 5 and the k-th user Of the demodulated signal.
- the third complex multiplier 19 multiplies the k-th user judgment symbol by a transmission path estimation output.
- the error detection circuit 20 calculates the difference between the output of the third complex multiplier 19 and the output of the reception weighting synthesis unit 13 and detects the reception antenna weight control error em.
- the second delay circuit 21 delays the output of the despreading circuits 12 1 to 12 N according to the processing time of the reception weighting / synthesizing unit 13, demodulation circuit 16, error detection circuit 20, and the like.
- the reception antenna weight control circuit 22 calculates reception antenna weights Wm1 to WmN from the reception antenna weight control error em and the output of the second delay circuit 21.
- the antenna weights Wm1 to WmN are adaptively controlled based on the MMS E standard so that the root mean square value of the reception antenna weight control error em is minimized.
- the receiving antenna weights Wm1 to WmN when the LMS algorithm is used as an update algorithm with a small amount of computation are:
- Wm (i + 1) Wm (i) + r (i-Ddem) em * (i) ... (1)
- Wm (i) (a column vector having N elements) is the reception antenna weight of the i-th symbol in the k-th user m-th path
- r (i) (a column vector having N elements) is an antenna
- the received signal is the step size
- D dem is the delay time given by the second delay circuit 21. * Represents a complex conjugate.
- the update of the reception antenna weights Wm1 to WmN is performed for each symbol.
- the step size which is the coefficient of the amount of change when updating the receiving antenna weights Wm1 to WmN
- the convergence to the receiving antenna weights Wm1 to WmN for forming the optimal directivity pattern becomes faster.
- the accuracy and stability of the adaptation are degraded, and when it is small, the adaptation accuracy and stability are excellent, but the convergence is slow.
- a method of adaptively changing the step size to obtain a sufficient convergence speed, adaptation accuracy, and stability is also included in the present invention.
- the first transmission antenna weight control unit 81 receives the first selected reception antenna weight W r 1 output from the reception antenna weight selection circuit 7 as an input, and the first arrival direction estimation unit 23 and the first transmission direction prediction circuit 29 and a first transmission antenna weight generation circuit 30.
- the first direction-of-arrival estimating unit 23 includes a direction-of-arrival generating circuit 24, a steering vector generating circuit 25, a correlation calculating circuit 26, a maximum value detecting circuit 27, and a switching circuit 28.
- the first direction-of-arrival estimating unit 23 receives as input the selected reception antenna weight W r1 output from the reception antenna weight selection circuit 7.
- the arrival direction generation circuit 24 sweeps the arrival direction of the received signal in all directions.
- the steering vector generation circuit 25 obtains an antenna weight (steering vector) for forming a directional pattern having the maximum antenna gain with respect to the arrival direction which is the output of the arrival direction generation circuit 24.
- the correlation calculation circuit 26 obtains a correlation between the selected reception antenna weight W r1 output from the reception antenna weight selection circuit 7 and the antenna weight output from the steering vector generation circuit 25.
- the maximum value detection circuit 27 detects the maximum value of the output of the correlation calculation circuit 26 with respect to all the arrival directions which are the outputs of the arrival direction generation circuit 24.
- the switching circuit 28 detects the arrival direction, which is the output of the arrival direction generation circuit 24 at the time when the maximum value of the output of the correlation calculation circuit 26 is detected, by detecting in a timing manner the estimated arrival direction 6> r 1 Output as
- FIG. 5 shows the operation of the first transmission direction prediction circuit 29.
- the first transmission direction prediction circuit 29 predicts the transmission direction 0 t 1 based on the estimated direction of arrival 0 r 1 output from the first direction of arrival estimator 23.
- the horizontal axis of the graph represents time, and the vertical axis represents the angle between the estimated and actual arrival directions and the predicted transmission direction.
- the direction-of-arrival estimation value 0r1 estimated from the first selected receiving antenna weight Wr1 generates an adaptive delay ⁇ by the time required for adaptive control as compared with the actual direction of arrival.
- the transmission direction prediction value 0 t 1 is
- ⁇ t ⁇ (t) ⁇ r ⁇ (t) + ⁇ ⁇ X ⁇ (2).
- the direction-of-arrival estimation value ⁇ r1 (t) and the predicted transmission direction value ⁇ t1 (t) are functions of time t.
- the first transmission antenna weight generation circuit 30 forms a directional pattern having a gain in the transmission direction based on the predicted transmission direction 0 t 1 output from the first transmission direction prediction circuit 29. Calculate the transmit antenna weight (steering vector) W t 1 to be calculated. Note that the first transmitting antenna weight control unit 81 shown in FIG. 4 performs control of the receiving antenna weight control circuit 22 sufficiently quickly, and provides an estimated arrival direction 0 estimated from the first selected receiving antenna weight W r1. This is an embodiment in which r 1 is almost equal to the current direction of arrival. In this case, the first transmission antenna weight generation circuit 30 is not required.
- the first adaptive transmission sub-blocks 101 to 10M in the k-th user adaptive transmission section 9 are composed of a transmission weighting synthesis section 31 and a spreading circuit 331 to 33M. It is composed of
- the first adaptive transmission sub-block 101 to 10M includes transmission antenna weights Wt1 to WtL output from the transmission antenna weight generation circuits 301 to 30L, and a k-th user transmission signal.
- the transmission weighting / combining unit 31 includes fourth complex multipliers 3 2 1 to 3 2 N.
- the k-th user transmission signal is multiplied by a first transmission antenna weight Wt1 (Wt11 to Wt1N) to generate a signal transmitted according to a first unique antenna directivity pattern.
- the spreading circuits 331 to 333N output the N outputs of the transmission weighting and combining section 31 to the k-th Then, N antenna transmission signals 1 to N are generated by spreading using the spreading code C k of the antenna. Assuming that the spreading code C k is a complex code composed of codes C k I and C k Q having two orthogonal relations, the spreading circuits 3 31 to 3 3 N have a single complex multiplier and an average over a symbol interval. This can be realized by a conversion circuit. Also, the spreading circuits 331 to 33N can be realized by a transversal filter configuration using Ck as a tap weight.
- the code length of the spreading code C k that is, the spreading factor is not limited.
- the spreading factor is 1, and the present invention is applicable to a signal multiplexed by a method other than code division multiplexing.
- An adaptive receiver can be applied.
- the arrangement interval of the receiving antenna there is no limitation on the arrangement interval of the receiving antenna.
- An example is a half wavelength of the carrier.
- the number N of receiving antennas is not limited.
- the arrangement of the receiving antenna there is no limitation on the arrangement of the receiving antenna. Examples include a circular arrangement and a linear arrangement.
- the directivity of the receiving antenna alone is not limited. Examples include omni antennas and sector antennas.
- the receiving section of the k-th user adaptive transmitting / receiving apparatus positively lowers the gain with respect to the interference wave Such a directivity pattern can be formed.
- means for estimating a path arrival direction of a desired signal using a reception antenna weight of the k-th user adaptive reception unit and generating a transmission antenna weight based on the estimation This means that it is not necessary to provide a means for estimating the arrival direction of the desired wave for obtaining the transmission antenna weight of the transmitting section of the k-user adaptive transmitting and receiving apparatus independently of the receiving section.
- the present invention mainly supports a plurality of mobile stations in a mobile communication system. It can be applied to an adaptive transmission / reception apparatus in a base station.
- a means for estimating the path arrival direction of a desired signal using the reception antenna weights of the k-th user adaptive receiver and generating transmission antenna weights based on the estimation is provided.
- the adaptive transmission / reception apparatus of the present invention can be used for equipment of a base station such as a cdma- ⁇ ne scheme or a W-CDMA scheme, and makes transmission power constant in a predetermined direction by weighting according to reception sensitivity. Can be.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99957673A EP1093241A4 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | ADAPTIVE TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER |
CA002333609A CA2333609A1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | Adaptive transmitter/receiver |
US09/720,700 US7031368B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | Adaptive transmitter/receiver |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10185234A JP3092798B2 (ja) | 1998-06-30 | 1998-06-30 | 適応送受信装置 |
JP10/185234 | 1998-06-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000001088A1 true WO2000001088A1 (fr) | 2000-01-06 |
Family
ID=16167236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/003478 WO2000001088A1 (fr) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | Emetteur-recepteur adaptatif |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7031368B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1093241A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3092798B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2333609A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000001088A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1093241A1 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
JP2000022612A (ja) | 2000-01-21 |
CA2333609A1 (en) | 2000-01-06 |
US7031368B1 (en) | 2006-04-18 |
EP1093241A4 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
JP3092798B2 (ja) | 2000-09-25 |
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